SprinklerSpacing

andLocation
March5, 2013
RolandAsp
ManagerofTechnicalServices
National FireSprinkler Association2013
1
March 5, 2013
Presenter
RolandAsp
Manager of Technical Services ManagerofTechnicalServices
asp@nfsa.org
National FireSprinkler Association2013 2
AIACESProgram#:NFSATV1113
Provider#:G131
1.5LU/HSW
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InstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES).Credit(s)
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members.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnonAIA
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ThisprogramisregisteredwithAIA/CES forcontinuingprofessionaleducation.
Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedto
beanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstruction
oranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,ordealinginany
materialorproduct.
Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbe
addressedattheconclusionofthispresentation
National FireSprinkler Association2013 3
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NationalFireSprinklerAssociation2013
National FireSprinkler Association2013 4
ProgramDescription
Therulesfordeterminingacceptable
spacingforspraysprinklerswillbe
reviewed.Thisincludespendent,
upright and sidewall styles Maximum uprightandsidewallstyles.Maximum
andminimumdistancesbetween
sprinklersandthosefromsprinklersto
wallswillbecoveredalongwiththe
calculationofallowablecoverageareas
persprinkler.
National FireSprinkler Association2013 5
ReferenceMaterials
2ndEdition,Layout,Detail,and
CalculationofFireSprinklerSystems,
KennethE.Isman,P.E
2013EditionofNFPA13
National FireSprinkler Association2013 6
LearningObjectives
At the end of this program, participants will be able to:
1. Employ the rules for determining
acceptable spacing for spray sprinklers.
2. Apply the maximumand minimum
National FireSprinkler Association2013 7
distances between sprinklers.
3. Calculate the allowable coverage areas
per sprinkler.
4. Apply the small roomrule correctly.
Whatspacesinabuildinggetsprinklers?
Everyspaceinabuildingunless
thereisaspecificexceptionthat
allowssprinklerstobeomitted.
Sprinklerscanbeomittedfrom:
Furniture&Equipment
Concealedspacesconstructedof
noncombustibleandlimited
combustiblematerial
16differentconcealedspacesmade
ofcombustiblematerial
OtherspacesasdiscussedNFPA13
National FireSprinkler Association2013 8
GeneralConsiderations
Heatrises sprinklershouldbe
locatedclosetoceiling.
Gravity waterfromthesprinkler
needstoreachfire.
D i kl h ld b Damage sprinklersshouldbe
locatedtoprotectfromphysical
damage
National FireSprinkler Association2013 9
Considerations
Ceilingconstruction
Typeofsprinklerselected
Minimumallowabledistancebetween
sprinklers
Placementofwallsandroomdividers
Maximumallowabledistancesbetween
sprinklers
Hazardclassificationoftheoccupancy
Obstructionstoheatflowand
discharge
Heatzonesnearheatsources
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CeilingConstruction
ObstructedorUnobstructed
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ObstructedConstruction
Panelconstructionandother
constructionwherebeams,
trusses,orothermembers
impedeheatfloworwater
distribution in a manner that distributioninamannerthat
materiallyaffectstheabilityof
sprinklerstocontrolorsuppress
afire.
National FireSprinkler Association2013 12
UnobstructedConstruction
Constructionwherebeams,trusses,or
othermembersdonotimpedeheatflow
orwaterdistributioninamannerthat
materiallyaffectstheabilityofsprinklers
tocontrolorsuppressafire.
Horizontalstructuralmembersarenot
solidandopeningsareatleast70% ofthe
crosssectionareaandthedepthofthe
memberdoesnotexceedtheleast
dimensionoftheopening.
Allconstructionwherethespacingof
structuralmembersexceeds7.5ft on
center.
National FireSprinkler Association2013 13
Spray
Sprinklers
Sprinklers
Conventional Residential
Large ESFR
Drop
Standard
Response
Several Orifice Sizes
Quick
Response
Several Orifice Sizes
Extended Coverage
Light Hazard
Extended Coverage
Ordinary Hazard
Extended
Coverage
(See Listing)
Quick Response
Extended Coverage
(See Listing)
This seminar will concentrate
on standard response & quick
responsespray sprinklers
SprinklerSpacing BasicRules
Upright,PendentandSidewall
BasicRules
ProtectionAreaofSprinkler
Maximumdistancebetweensprinklers
Maximumdistancetoawall
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RulesforUprightandPendentSpraySprinklers
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DeterminationofAreaofCoverageforEach
Sprinkler(8.5.2.1)
Alongbranchlines
Chooselargerof
Distancebetweensprinklers
Twicedistancetowallor
obstruction
This dimension is S
L
Thisdimensionis S
Betweenbranchlines
Distancebetweenbranchlines
Twicedistancetowallor
obstruction
ThisdimensionisL
AreaofCoverage=A
S
=SxL
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S
SandLDimensionsaremeasuredtothe
sprinklers,notthebranchlines
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DetermineAreaofCoverageforEachSprinkler
Spr. S L A
S
1 10 10 100
2 12 10 120
3 12 10 120
4 10 12 120
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4 10 12 120
5 12 12 144
6 12 12 144
Minimumallowabledistancesbetweenstandard
spraysprinklers(8.6.3.4.2)
Minimumdistancebetween
sprinklers:6ft
Onlyappliestoceilingsprinklers
(notinrack)
Exceptionallowssprinklerstobe
closerthan6ftifbafflesare
installed.
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Maximumallowabledistancesbetweenstandard
spraysprinklers(8.6.2.2.1)
Maximumdistancebetween
sprinklers:
LightandOrdinaryHazard15ft
ExtraHazardandHighPiledStorage
12ft
EHandHPOccupancieswith25ft
bays,spacingof12ft6inchesis
permitted
EHandHPOccupancieswith
densitieslessthan0.25gpm/sqft,
spacingof15ftispermitted
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DistanceFromWalls
Minimum:4inchesfromwalls
Maximum: of the allowable Maximum:oftheallowable
distancebetweensprinklers
Alsoseethesmallroomrule
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MeasuringDistancestoWalls
Measureperpendiculardistance
betweensprinklerandwall
(8.5.3.2.2).Thisisthedimension
thatisnotallowedtoexceedthe
allowable distancebetween
i kl sprinklers
National FireSprinkler Association2013 23
S
MeasuringDistancestoWalls
Forroomswithangleslessthen90,
additionalrulethatthedistancefrom
sprinklertocornermustnotexceed0.75
allowable distancebetweensprinklers
(8.6.3.2.3)
National FireSprinkler Association2013 24
S
S
S
MeasuringDistancestoWalls
Thedistancefromthewalltothe
sprinklershallbemeasuredtothe
wallbehindfurniture,suchas
wardrobes,cabinets,andtrophy
cases
National FireSprinkler Association2013 25
MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray
SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(a)
Light Hazard(HydraulicallyCalculated)
CeilingConstruction
MaximumArea of
CoverageperSprinkler
Noncombustible Unobstructed 225sqft
NoncombustibleObstructed 225sqft
Noncombustible Unobstructed with no NoncombustibleUnobstructed withno
exposedmembers
225sqft
CombustibleUnobstructedwithexposed
members3ftor moreoncenter
225sqft
CombustibleObstructedwithexposed
members3ftormoreoncenter
168sqft
Combustible(ObstructedorUnobstructed)
withmembers lessthan3ftoncenter
130sqft
Woodjoistortruss,specialatticrules 8ftx15ftor 10ftx12ft
26
MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray
SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(a)
Forlighthazardoccupancypipe
schedulesystems,themaximum
areashallnotexceed200sqftper
sprinkler sprinkler
National FireSprinkler Association2013 27
MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray
SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(b)
OrdinaryHazard
CalculationMethod
MaximumAreaof
Coverageper
Sprinkler
All 130 ft
28
All 130sqft
MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray
SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(c)
ExtraHazard
CalculationMethod
MaximumArea
ofCoverageper
Sprinkler
Pi S h d l 90 ft
29
PipeSchedule 90sqft
Hydraulically
calculatedusing0.25
gpm/sq.ft.ormore
100sqft
Hydraulically
calculatedusingless
than0.25 gpm/sq.ft.
130sq ft
MaximumAreaLimitationsStandardSpray
SprinklersTable8.6.2.2.1(d)
HighPiledStorage
CalculationMethod
Maximum
Areaof
Coverageper
Sprinkler
30
Sprinkler
Hydraulicallycalculated
using0.25gpm/sq.ft.or
more
100sqft
Hydraulicallycalculated
usinglessthan0.25
gpm/sq.ft.
130sq ft
IsThisSpacingacceptableforOrdinaryHazard?
Spr. S L A
S
1 10 12 120
2 12 10 120
3 12 10 120
4 10 12 120
National FireSprinkler Association2013 31
4 10 12 120
5 12 12 144
6 12 12 144
SmallRoomDefinition(3.3.21)
Roomwithinlighthazard
occupancies
Unobstructedconstruction
Floorareasnotexceeding800sqft
Eachwallcanhaveopeningswitha8
inchminimumlinteldepthandtotal
widthnotexceeding8feet
Singleopeningof3feetorless
withoutalintelispermitted
32
SmallRoomRule
Withinroomsoflighthazardoccupancies
havingunobstructedconstructionand
floorareasnotexceeding800sqft,
sprinklersshallbepermittedtobelocated
notmorethan9ftfromanysinglewall
Distances between sprinklers and Distancesbetweensprinklersand
maximumarealimitationsstillapply
Theareapersprinklerisdefinedasthe
totalareaoftheroomdividedbythetotal
numberofsprinklersintheroom
National FireSprinkler Association2013 33
SmallRoomRule
National FireSprinkler Association2013 34
A
S
=30 x 15 2 =225 sq ft
DeflectorDistancesBelowCeilings
UnobstructedConstruction(8.6.4.1.1.1)
112inchesbelowceiling
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UnobstructedConstruction
withTrussesandBarJoists
1-12
National FireSprinkler Association2013 36
End View
Side View
DeflectorDistancesBelowCeilings
ObstructedConstruction(8.6.4.1.2)
16inchesbelowstructuralmembers
StandardSpraySprinklers
Notmorethan22inchesbelowceiling
Seenextfewslidesforsomeexceptions
National FireSprinkler Association2013 37
StandardSpraySprinklers
ObstructedConstruction
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ExceptiontoObstructedConstructionRule
[8.6.4.1.2(2)]
Sprinklers are allowed to be installed with
deflectors at or above members where the
distances meet section 8.6.5.1.2 (beam rule)
National FireSprinkler Association2013 39
ExceptiontoObstructedConstructionRule
[8.6.4.1.2(3)]
Sprinklerscanbeinstalledineach
bayofobstructedconstruction
withdeflectors112inchesbelow
theceiling
National FireSprinkler Association2013 40
ExceptiontoObstructedConstructionRule
[8.6.4.1.2(4)]
Sprinklersshallonlybepermitted1to6
belowcompositewoodjoiststoamax.22
belowceiling/roofwhere joistchannelsare
firestoppedtothefulldepthofthejoists
withmaterialequivalenttotheweb
constructionsothattheindividualchannel
areasdonotexceed300sqft.
ExceptiontoUnobstructedConstructionRule
[8.6.4.1.2(5)]
Deflectorsofsprinklersunder
concreteteeconstructionwithstems
spacedlessthan7.5ftbutmorethan
3ftoncentershall(regardlessofthe
depth of the tee) be permitted to be depthofthetee)bepermittedtobe
locatedatorabovetheplane1inch
belowthebottomofthestemsof
theteesandshallcomplywiththe
beamrule
National FireSprinkler Association2013 42
ConcreteTeesBetween3ftand7.5ftOnCenter
National FireSprinkler Association2013 43
Skylights(8.5.7)
Sprinklersarenotrequiredinskylightsup
to32sqftinarearegardlessofthedepth
andregardlessofthehazardclassification
oftheoccupancy
Applies regardless of the type of sprinkler Appliesregardlessofthetypeofsprinkler
Ifthereismorethanoneskylightina
compartment,theyneedtobeseparated
bymorethan10ftinordertoutilizethis
provision
National FireSprinkler Association2013 44
Ceilingpockets(8.6.7)
Sprinklerscanonlybeomittedfromceiling
pocketswhenthefollowingaremet
Volumedoesnotexceed1000ft
3
Depthofthepocketdoesnotexceed36in
Floorspaceunderthepocketiscoveredby
i kl t th l ili l ti sprinklersatthelowerceilingelevation
Totalsizeofallunprotectedpocketswithin10
ftofeachotherdoesnotexceed1000cubic
feet
Constructionisnoncombustibleorlimited
combustiblefinish
Quickresponsesprinklersareusedthroughout
thecompartment
National FireSprinkler Association2013 45
UnsprinkleredCeilingPockets
Not to exceed 3 ft
Noncombustibleor
limited combustible
construction
National FireSprinkler Association2013 46
Volume not to
Exceed 1000 ft
3
Quick response sprinklers
completely protect floor area using
spacing rules of NFPA 13
Q Aresprinklersrequiredintheupperceilingarea
iftheoccupancyislighthazardandthesprinklers
areon15x15spacing?Assumeroomis20ft
wideinthedimensionnotshown.
4 ft
CeilingPocketExample
National FireSprinkler Association2013 47
8 ft 11 ft
? 2 ft 15 ft 7 ft
No,sprinklersarenotrequired:
3x4x20=240ft
3
4 ft
CeilingPocketExample
National FireSprinkler Association2013 48
8 ft 11 ft
2 ft 15 ft 7 ft
Nonuniformceilings
Uprightandpendentstandard
sprayandextendedcoverage
sprinklers
Thedistancefromthesprinklerto
theceilingisrequiredtobe
measuredovertheentireareaof
coverageforthatsprinkler
National FireSprinkler Association2013 49
Nonuniformceilings
Whereaceilingchangeselevationand
thedifferencebetweenthesprinkler
deflectoratthelowelevationandthe
ceilingatthehighelevationislessthan
or equal to 3 ft orequalto3ft
Treatthehigherelevationasapocket;or
Sprinklerignoringthechangeinelevation
Sprinklersinupperelevationmustmeet
obstructionrulesifprotectingspaceunder
lowerceilingelevation
National FireSprinkler Association2013 50
Nonuniformceilings<36ft
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Nonuniformceilings
Ifthechangeinelevationisgreater
than3ft
Thehigherceilingelevationneeds
tohaveitsownsprinklers;and
h l h h l i Theplacewheretheelevation
changesistreatedasawallforthe
purposeofdeterminingsprinkler
spacingandlocation
National FireSprinkler Association2013 52
Nonuniformceilings>36ft
National FireSprinkler Association2013 53
Slopedceilings
Measuredistancebetween
sprinklersalongslope
Highestsprinklermustbe
within3ftverticallyatthe
peak
Specialrulesforvery
steeplypitchedroof
Specialrulesforconcealed
spaces(attics)
National FireSprinkler Association2013 54
Slopedceilings
National FireSprinkler Association2013 55
Measure distancebetween sprinklers along slope
Highest sprinkler 3 ft maximumfrompeak
Steeplypitchedroofs
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With steeply pitched roofs a sprinkler is
permitted to be more then 3 ft frompeak in
order to maintain 2 ft clearance from
structural members
SprinklersUnderPitchedSurfaces
Distancesbetween
sprinklersaremeasured
alongtheslope
For determining the Fordeterminingthe
amountofwaternecessary
tomeetthedensity/area
requirements(hydraulic
calculations),theprojected
areaonthefloorshallbe
used.
SpecialConcealedSpace(Attic)Rules
Ifconstructioniswoodjoistorwoodtruss;and
Ifmembersarespacedlessthan3ftoncenter;
and
Ifroofslopeexceeds4in12.Then:
Maximumcoverageareapersprinkleris120sqft
8 x 15 with 8 ft dimension measured perpendicular 8x15with8ftdimensionmeasuredperpendicular
toslope;or
10x12(with10ftdimensionmeasured
perpendiculartoslope)ifpressureisatleast20psi
Sprinklernearbottom,minimum 5fttothe
bottomofthespace
Sprinklerwithin12inchesofpeak
National FireSprinkler Association2013 58
Sloped/ConcealedSpaceSprinklerSpacing
UnoccupiedAtticRules(8.6.2.2.1(a))
Choice 1
Choice 2
8ft
10ft
National FireSprinkler Association2013 60
Plan View
Plan View
Elevation View
Elevation View
SidewallSprinklers
National FireSprinkler Association2013 61
SidewallSprinklers
Section8.4.2coverswherethe
sprinklerscanbeused
LightHazardoccupancieswithflat,
smooth,horizontalceilings
LightHazardoccupancieswithflat,
h l d ili smooth,slopedceilings
OrdinaryHazardoccupancieswithflat
smoothceilingswherespecificallylisted
forsuchuse
Protectbeneathoverheaddoorsinany
occupancy
Section8.7coversinstallationrules
National FireSprinkler Association2013 62
DeterminationofAreaofCoveragefor
EachSprinkler(8.7.2.1)
Alongthewall
Chooselargerof
Distancebetweensprinklers
Twicedistancetowallorobstruction
ThisdimensionisS
Acrosstheroom
Distancetowalloppositesprinkler
Midpointifsprinklersareon
oppositewalls
ThisdimensionisL
AreaofCoverage=A
S
=SxL
National FireSprinkler Association2013 63
StandardSidewallSprinklersTable8.7.2.2.1
LightHazard
Combustible
Finish
Noncombustible
or Limited
Combustible
Finish
Between
Sprinklers
14ft 14ft
RoomWidth
(singlerow)
12ft 14ft
Maximum
Area
120ft
2
196ft
2
SidewallSprinklerExample
National FireSprinkler Association2013 65
StandardSidewallSprinklersTable8.7.2.2.1
OrdinaryHazard
Combustible
Finish
Noncombustible
or Limited
Combustible
Finish
B t Between
Sprinklers
10ft 10ft
RoomWidth
(singlerow)
10ft 10ft
MaximumArea 80ft
2
100ft
2
Standard SidewallSprinkler
SpacingConsiderations
Sidewallsprinklersarenotallowedtobe
installedbacktobackunlessprotected
byacontinuouslintelorsoffit(8.7.3.1.4)
Roomwidthcanbeincreasedto24ftin
lighthazardand20ftinordinaryhazard
withsidewallsprinklersontwoopposite
walls(8.7.3.1.5)
Sidewallsprinklersshallbepermittedto
beinstalledonopposingoradjacent
wallsaslongasnosprinkleriswithinthe
maximumprotectionareaofanother
(8.7.3.1.6)
National FireSprinkler Association2013 67
StandardSidewallSprinklerLocations
Deflectors46fromceiling
unlessotherwiselisted.
HorizontalS/W612or12
18
Installed at high point of slope Installedathighpointofslope,
pointingdownwithdeflector
paralleltoslope
Wheresoffitsaremorethan8
wide,anadditionalsprinkleris
requiredbelowthesoffit
National FireSprinkler Association2013 68
TemperatureConsiderationsfor
LocationofSprinklers
Ingeneral,useOrdinaryTemperature
sprinklersaslongasceiling
temperaturedoesnotexceed100F
Usehighertemperaturesprinklersin
thefollowing
Forambienttemperaturesover100F
seeTable6.2.5.1
Forlocalheatsources,see8.3.2.5and
Tables8.3.2.5(a) (c)
SeeFigure8.3.2.5forHighTemperature
ZoneandIntermediateTemperature
Zonearoundunitheaters
National FireSprinkler Association2013 69
ObstructionstoSprinklers
Sprinklersneedtobe
locatedfarenoughaway
fromobstructionstomake
surethatanyfireinthe
compartmentiscontrolled p
orsuppressed
Familiarizeyourselfwiththe
obstructionruleslocatedin
Chapter8ofNFPA13
National FireSprinkler Association2013 70
Summary
1. Employtherulesfordetermining
acceptablespacingforspraysprinklers.
2. Applythemaximumandminimum
di t b t i kl distancesbetweensprinklers.
3. Calculatetheallowablecoverageareas
persprinkler.
4. Applythesmallroomrulecorrectly.
71 National FireSprinklerAssociation- 2012
ThankYou
Questions?
DontforgettodothequizforCEUcredit.
NextTechTuesday:
March19,2013
Selecting Sprinklers SelectingSprinklers
Basic JefferyM.Hugo,CBO
RolandAsp
ManagerofTechnicalServices
NationalFireSprinklerAssociation
asp@nfsa.org
72
National FireSprinkler Association2013