1

Shrikant R. Marathe
Director
&
M. K. Chaudhari
Sr. Deputy Director
Automotive Research Association of India
International Seminar on Setting Fuel Economy Standards and
Labeling of Transport Vehicles, 6-7
th
December 2007, Chennai
2
3
4
Based on SIAM data on Production Figures, Includes Tractor Production up to
2005-06
5
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Rep
orts/Energy-Efficiency-
Transport/chap01.pdf
2-W = motorcycle; 3-W = 3-wheeler; HCV = heavy-duty commercial vehicle;
LCV = light-duty commercial vehicle; SUV = sport utility vehicle.
Note: Total may not add due to rounding. Source: Segment Y Ltd.
6
7
Road Infrastructure
Source : Economic Survey 2003-04
7
Length in km
National Highways 65,569
State Highways 131,899
Major District
Roads
467,763
Rural Roads 2,650,000
Total 3.3 million (approx.)
8
9
10
Planning commission estimate
Rise of 5 times for freight and 4
times for passenger road transport
from 2000 to 2020.
11
Source: Ministry of Petroleum and natural gas
12
Mtoe = million tons of oil equivalent; http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Energy-Efficiency-Transport/chap01.pdf
13
14
2 22 2- -- -Wheelers Wheelers Wheelers Wheelers
Engine CC Test Speed, kph KMPL
upto 35 20 95
35-75 30
87 (variable Trans)
83 (Fixed Trans)
75-200 40 60
>200 50 55
Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars Passenger Cars
CC Test Speed, kph KMPL
upto 600 50 24
600-800 50 22
800-1000 50 20
1000-1400 50 18
>1400 50 16
15
Commercial Vehicles
Payload,
tons
NTKMPL (Payload*KMPL)
Engine Type
40 kph 60 kph
upto 2.5 t
21-11.5
(1 t-5.4t GVW)
22.2-12.1
(1t-4.5t GVW)
IDI
2.5 t-4.0 t
31.6-38.4 26.6-30.2 IDI
36.3-44.1 30.6-34.7 DI
4.0 t-14.0 t 47.1-74.5 37.4-64.2 DI
>14.0 t 75 66 DI
16
Light Motor Vehicles- <=7.5 tonnes
Medium Motor Vehicle >7.5 to <=12 tonnes
Heavy Motor vehicle >12 tonnes
17
Applicable vehicles manufactured from 1
st
April 2005
Two and three wheelers and four-wheeled
vehicles with GVW up to 3.5 tonnes
Measurement on the basis of driving cycle used for emission testing
as per the carbon balance method during emission testing
Light motor vehicles and medium and heavy
motor vehicles
Constant speed fuel consumption test as per IS:11921:1993
Light motor vehicles @50 kph
Medium and Heavy Motor Vehicles -@ 40 and 60 kph
Fuel consumption measurement at above
Test speeds and to be reported
18
Indian Customers are very sensitive to Fuel
Economy in all sectors
Hence the acceleration, power, max speed is
limited to get maximum Fuel Economy
Users expect low maintenance cost and high
Fuel Economy
Hence selection of appropriate technology is
key factor
19
Avg. TA/COP data
20
Avg. TA/COP data
21
Avg. TA/COP data
22
Avg. TA/COP data
23
vehicle
category
cc
Emission
Norms
FC, kmpl
Min Max Avg.
Diesel 1000-1400cc BS-III 12.1 20.68 16.1
Diesel 1400-1600cc BS-III 11.7 20.2 17.9
Diesel >1600cc BS-III 9.16 21.39 13.8
Petrol <1000cc BS-III 11.69 18.84 16.6
Petrol 1000-1400cc BS-III 13.07 19.15 15.7
Petrol 1400-1600cc BS-III 13.05 17.44 14.8
Petrol >1600cc BS-III 4.93 15.53 12.0
24
Source: Toyota
Co2 emissions at
10kph=100%
25
26
27
28
29
Integrated
Starter
Generator
8-20%
HCCI
Fuel
Specs &
Infrastru
cture
Key Factor: Selection of Appropriate
Technology considering real world situations
30
The approach
CO
2
based?
Fuel Economy based?
Categorization of vehicles
Weight based?
Engine Capacity based?
Power based?
Measurement methodology
Engine Dyno based /Chassis Dyno based/ Field
measurment?
Correlation of engine dyno measurement with Fuel
Economy data on road?
31
Framing of policies/standards
Voluntary Limits for CO2 g/km /Fuel Economy for all
categories of vehicles
Mandatory Limits for CO2 g/km /Fuel Economy for all
categories of vehicles
Implementation, enforcement and timeframe
I&M
Traffic Management
Infrastructure-roads, signals, parking lots, etc
Cost Benefit Analysis
32