[SURGERY REVIEWER PRACTICALS - VJG] 1

TERMS

Atraumatic without trauma
Traumatic cause injury by penetration or crushing
Dilation enlarging an opening in a progressive manner
Dissection process of separating tissue through
anatomic planes using blunt or sharp dissection
Grasping holding in a traumatic/atraumatic manner
Retraction stabilizing a tissue layer in a safe position for
exposure of a part
Sharp instruments with cutting edge or pointed tips;
use to cut/ dissect tissue
Trocar device for penetration of tissue layers;
commonly used for percutaneous endoscopy or
attachment of light source

CUTTING & DISSECTING
INSTRUMENTS
Blades # 10-15 uses Blade Holder # 3/7
Blades # 20 24 uses Blade Holder # 4
Blade # 10 Most common
Blade # 11 Stab knife; Vascular; puncture the aorta
and blood vessels
Blade # 12 ENT Tonsillectomy
Blade # 15 Pediatrics, plastic/cosmetic surgery
B # 15 with BH # 7 Deep knife cut delicate and deep
tissues Ex. ______
B # 10 with BH # 3 - Inside knife cut superficial tissues
Ex. _______
B # 20 with BH #4 Skin knife cut the skin

Straight/Angulated Bone Curette
- used on ortho/neuro surgery for laminectomy
removal intervertebral disks for removal of
tissues and debris

Straight/Curved Mayo Scissors
- used for tough tissue and heavy fascia (Curved);
cut sutures (straight); used to cut ligaments in
OB-GYN; equal blade and hndle ratio

Straight/Curved Metzenbaum Scissors
- used to cut delicate tissue; Ex. _________

Straight/Curved Tenotomy Scissors / Stevens Tenotomy
Scissors
-

Straight/Curved/Angled Potts Tenotomy Scissors
-

Straight/Curved/ Westcott Tenotomy Scissors
- used in plastic surgery in face; ophthalmic
surgery

Straight/Curved Iris Scissors
- Ophthalmic Surgery; thin, small, very sharp tip


Stitch/Suture/Mineral Scissor
- easy removal of sutures

Blunt/Pointed Nursing Scissors - Tip with Blunt and
Pointed Tip
-

Bandage Scissors
- angled tip scissors with blunt tip at bottom blade
- cut bandages with gouging the skin
- cut medical gauze
- size bandage and dressings

CLAMPING & OCCLUDING
INSTRUMENTS
- instruments used to compress blood vessels
and hollow organs for hemostasis and prevent
spillage of contents
- Hemostat used clamp blood vessels and tag
sutures; may be straight or curved; aka
Crile/Snap/Stat
- Hemostatic Forceps hinged or locked forceps;
clamp and hold blood vessels

Straight/Curved Mosquito Forceps
- clamp small blood vessels and tissues
- with transverse and full serrations
- small

Straight/Curved Kelly Forceps
- clamp large blood vessels and tissues
- with transverse and full serrations
- medium size

Straight / Curved Pean Forceps
- used as intestinal clamp
- with horizontal serrations
- larger than Kelly Forces

Straight/Curved Kocher Forceps
- with interlocking teeth
- used to grasp bone or fascia

Mixter Forcep/ Right Angle Forceps
- for clamping cystic artery in cholecystectomy

Tissue Forceps
- with interdigitating teeth
- used to hold skin and dense tissue with minimal
trauma

Thumb Forceps
- without teeth
- used to hold tissue in place when suturing
- used to insert packing into or remove objects in
deep cavities

Russian Forcep
- malaking thumb focep na bilog na parang very
small teeth yung dulo; multipurpose

Debakey Forcep
- malaking thumb forcep pero straight yung dulo
- used to hold/grasp bowel tissue, soft tissue, and
skin

Smooth/Toothed Adson/Dura Forceps
- Smooth: used for delicate tissue
- Toothed: used to grasp the skin

Allis Forceps
- intestinal tissue forcep
- slightly traumatic, with interdigitating short teeth
- grasp bowel, breast tissue, and skin

Babcock Forceps
- intestinal tissue forcep
- with broad flared ends with smooth tips
- used to grasp delicate tissue Ex. Appendix,
ovary, bladder, fallopian tube

Straight/Curved Ovum /Sponge Forceps
- may have smooth/serrated jaws
- used to hold sponge
- used to atraumatically hold viscera (bowel,
bladder, and gallbladder)

Towel Clips
- with curved pointed edge
- to secure drapes on patient;s s hold abdominal
ikin

Hemorrhoidal/Lung Forceps
- triangle tip
- grasp stomach or lung

Thyroid Tenaculum / Lahey tenaculum
- fork like tip/raker like tip
- grasp tissue being romeved such as thyroid or
uterus
- gynecological operations

RETRACTING INSTRUMENTS

Manual Retractors

Senn Retractor
- double ends: with three pronged claw and L-
shape blade
- orthopedic surgery such as operating on hands
and feet

Skin Hook Retractor
- skin retraction
- for hand or plastic surgery ex. Blepharoplasty

Army Navy Retractor
- aka USA, US Army, Sponge Retractor
- retract shallow and superficial incisions

Goulet Retractor
- retract shallow or shallow/superficial incisions
- parang Richardson na dalawa

Richardson Retractor
- retract abdominal and chest incisions; retract
soft tissue, muscle or internal organs
Deaver Retractor
- hold organs inside the abdominal cavity away
from the surgical site

Malleable/Ribbon Retractor
- retract deep wounds
- bent various shape or sizes


Self-Retaining Retractors

Weitlaner Retractor
- may have blunt/sharp ends
- with rachet to hold tissue apart
- open tight spaces

Mastoid Retractor
- uses screw mechanism
- retracting overlying tissues in mastoid surgery

Gelpi Perineal Retractor
- single pointed retractor w/c may be sharp/blunt
- retract shallow incisions

Finochietto Retractor/Rib Spreader
- abdominal and thoracic retractor
- caution: delicate tissue such as bowel and lung
can be damaged if trapped by the blades

Balfour Retractor with Bladder Retractor
-hold abdominal incisons during laparotom

SUTURING AND STAPLING

Needle Holder/Needle Drive
- used in suturing needle for closing wounds
- parts: jaw, joint, shank, ring, handles
- with clamp mechanism that locks needle in
place
- tungsten carbide eliminate twisting and turning
of needle.

Sutures
- hold body tissues together after injury;
approximate a severed tissue

Skin Stapler
- specialized stapes used in surgery in place of
sutures to close skin.
- Need another instrument to remove

Intestinal Stapler
- mas malaki lang sa skin stapler

[SURGERY REVIEWER PRACTICALS - VJG] 3

VIEWING INSTRUMENTS

Nasal Speculum
- spread nostril to examine nasal cavity

Vaginal Speculum
- dilates the vaginal opening to inspect vagina and
cervix

Rectal Speculum
- visualize the rectum

Anoscope (10cm)
Protoscope (13cm)
Rectoscope ( 25cm)
- visualize the rectum and lumen of the sigmoid
colon
- with stylus or removable plug (obturator)

Endoscope
- use to examine interior of a hollow organ or
cavity; with light source
- parts: rigid/flexible tube. Light source, lens
system, eyepiece, additional channel to allow
entry of instruments/manipulators,
- need video output/tv

Suctioning and Probing Instruments

Suction Apparatus
- drain fluids during surgery

Groove Director
- to probe

Accessory Instruments

Cautery Machine burn a tissue;```` for hemostasis
Calipers for measurement













































































SUTURES

Black (Silk) NNaMAS

White/Green (Polyester/Ethibond) SNaMAS
- vascular prodthesis and heart valves


Blue (Propylene/Prolene) SNaMoAS
- tendon
- nerves, dura matter
- eye, ocular muscles
- vessels and anastmosis

Violet (Vicryl/Polyglycan) SAMAS
- superficial closing of mucosa and skin
- Oral(facial), vaginal mucosa, perineal skin
- Peritoneum
- Subcutaneous (fat) / superficial fascia
- Dermis
- Abdominal fascia
- Urinary bladder
- Colon
- Ureter
- Small Intestine
- Uterus
- Vagina
- Stomach
- eye, ocular muscles (coated vicryl)

Brown/Tan (Chromic Catgut) NAMAS

Yellow (Plain Cutgut)

Orange (Monocryl) - SAMoAS
- subcuticular closure
- soft tissue approximation
- peritoneum
- dermis/subcuticular
- urinary bladder
- colon
- ureter
- Subcutaneous (fat) / superficial fascia
- Small Intestine
- Vagina
- Stomach

Gray (Polydiaxonone Suture/PDS) - SAMoAS
- Orthpodeic surgery
- Anatomose blood vessels
- Ligament
- C
- Dermis
- Abdominal fascia
- Colon
- Small Intestine
- uterus


Light Green (Nylon) SNaMAS/SNaMoAS
- ophthalmic and microsurgery
- nerves, dura matter (Nurulon)

Yellow/Brown (Stainless Steel) - SNaMoAS
- highest tensile strength
- compatible with stainless steel implants

Best Practice
Surface: Dermabond Topical Skin Adhesive
Dermis: Monocryl
Subq-Fat Coated Vicryl
Fascia/Muscle Ethiguard Blunt Point/ Coated Vicrly/
PDS