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Blood vessel
Blood vessel
In a general sense, a vessel is defined as a
stretch
capillaries
constriction or vasoconstriction - slows or limits
1-way valves
Determinants
Normal values
Definition
mm Hg.
Systolic Pressure
Integrated pressure
Mean Arterial
Pressure
Diastolic Pressure
stroke volume
heart rate
Peripheral resistance
SV is a measure of CO
SV ↑→ SP ↑ ↑, DP ↑, PP ↑
SV↓→SP ↓ ↓, DP ↓, PP ↓
c. Compliance of aorta and large ateries.
PP↑.
d. Peripheral resistance:
TRP↑→DP↑↑, PP↓
Viscocity↑, R ↑, DP ↑.
e. The ratio of circulating volume to
capacitance of circulation
stage 1
Hypertension, 160 or higher or 100 or higher
stage 2
∗ Unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance.
Why is the high blood pressure harmful?
therosclerosis.
Arterial damage is bad because hardened or
narrowed arteries may not be able to supply
enough blood to the body’s organs. And if the
organs don’t get enough oxygen and nutrients,
they can’t work properly. Another risk is that a
blood clot may lodge in an artery narrowed by
fatty buildups, shutting off normal blood
supply to part of the body.
People with mitral or aortic valves that
venous return
Venous pressure
blood pressure.
When blood demand is low, the veins can
cardiac output)
Center venous pressure: 4-12cm H2O
veins.
By the time blood enters the veins, the pressure
is quite low, but still greater than atrial pressure
so blood will flow into the atria. If atrial pressure
is abnormally high, as when the AV valves are
leaky, there is a decrease in venous return and
blood will dam up in the venous system
(congestive heart failure).
There are five factors which can
increase venous return to the heart: