Phn mm: Matlab R2007a

Bi u tin mnh s gii thiu cc bn giao din GUI.

1. M phn mm Matlab, g lnh sau vo ca s Command
>> guide
Trong ca s GUIDE Quick Start c nhiu la chn theo mt trong cc khun mu sau:
Create New GUI: To mt hp thoi GUI mi theo mt trong cc loi sau
Blank GUI (Default): Hp thoi GUI trng khng c mt iu khin uicontrol no
c.
GUI with Uicontrols: Hp thoi GUI vi mt vi uicontrol nh button, ... Chng
trnh c th chy ngay.
GUI with Axes and Menu: Hp thoi GUI vi mt uicontrol axes v button, cc
menu hin th th.
Modal Question Dialog: Hp thoi t cu hi Yes, No.
Open Existing GUI: m mt project c sn.
Trong hng dn ny, cc bn to mt project mi nn s chn Blank GUI
2. Ca s GUI hin ra
Giao din rt ging vi cc chng trnh lp trnh giao din nh Visual Basic, Visual
C++, ... Cc bn di chut qua cc biu tng bn tri s thy tn ca cc iu khin.
Xin ni qua mt vi iu khin hay dng:
Push Button: ging nh nt Command Button trong VB. L cc nt bm nh nt
OK, Cancel m ta vn bm.
Slider : Thanh trt c mt con trt chy trn .
Radio Button : Nt nh hnh trn chn la
Check Box
Edit Text
Static Text
Pop-up Menu
List Box
Axes
Panel
Button Group
ActiveX Control
Toggle Button
Cc bn hy th gp th vi iu khin vo trong giao din bn phi xem hnh dng th
no ?? Hnh dng ra sao nh ??
Cn menu th quan trng nht l menu Tools c:
Run (Ctr + T) : nhn vo chy chng trnh m ta vit. C li l hin ra
ngy
Align Object: dng lm cho cc iu khin sp xp gn p theo mnh nh
cng cn l bn tri, ...
Grid and Rulers : dng cu hnh v li trong giao din v n s coi giao din
nh mt ma trn cc vung nh, ta s thay i gi tr ny cho cc iu khin
c th th u ty cho p.
Menu Editor : trnh ny to menu cho iu khin
Tab Order Editor : sp xp Tab order l th t khi ta nhn phm Tab
Gui Options : la chn cho giao din GUI.
Cc bn nn vo menu Help xem hng dn thm trong Help.
Cc bn save di tn: TUT01, khi ng thi xut hin ca s Editor v ang m file
TUT01.m ca bn. Trong th mc bn save s c 2 file l:
TUT01.fig : file ny cha giao din ca chng trnh
TUT01.m : file cha cc m thc thi cho chng trnh nh cc hm khi to, cc
hm callback,... (s ni chi tit vo bi khc).
3. Ko th cc iu khin
Ni hi nhiu nn cc bn ght ri, nn hy lm mt v d n gin cho vui cn hc tip
no.
Hy ko vo trong giao din 2 edit box, 1 static box v 1 Push Button.
Chng trnh c chc nng khi nhn vo nt bm th kt qu ca php tnh cng gia 2
s c g vo 2 s hin ln trong Static Text.
4. Thay i cc thuc tnh ca cc iu khin
Click p vo Edit Text bn tri xut hin ca s cc thuc tnh ca iu khin. C th
sp xp theo chc nng hoc theo th t A-Z ca tn thuc tnh bng nt hin g bn
tri.
Cc thuc tnh ny cc bn hy th thay i xem n th no nh ??
Thuc tnh quan trng ca Edit Box bao gm:
Tag: y l thuc tnh ging nh Caption trong Visual Basic t tn iu
khin. Dng tn ny c th thao tc n cc thuc tnh ca i tng. Mnh t
tn l: editStr1.
String : l xu k t hin ln Edit Box. Cc bn xa ci ny i.
Tng t, thay i thuc tnh tag ca Edit Box th 2 thnh editStr2. Static Box cng
tng t thnh staticStr3.
Push Button: thuc tnh tag = buttonCalculate, string = calculate
5. Vit lnh cho chng trnh
Chng trnh c tc dng khi nhn vo nt Push Button s hin ln kt qu Static Box.
V th nn s phi vit vo hm no m khi nhn vo Push Button s gi. Chnh l hm
Callback. iu khin no cng c hm callback, nh hm ngt trong vi iu khin vy
.
Click chut phi vo nt Calculate chn Callback. Trong ny cn mt s hm na s tnh
sau.
Nhn vo nh ngha ca hm trong Editor bn s thy l: hm ny c thc hin khi
nhn vo nt buttonCalculate.
Hm c mt s tham s:
hObject : handle ca iu khin buttonCalculate
eventdata
handles : l mt cu trc cha tt c cc iu khin v d liu ngi dng. Dng
ci ny truy sut cc iu khin khc.
Qua thuc tnh tag ca cc iu khin ta s truy sut n thuc tnh string ca cc iu
khin editStr1, editStr2,editStr3 bng lnh get v set.
get(handles.tag_dieu_khien, 'ten thuoc tinh');
set(handles.tag_dieu_khien, 'ten_thuoc_tinh', gia_tri);
v hm quan trng na bin t string sang s l hm: str2num v num2str bin tr li.
Vy chng ta s vit hm nh sau:
Nhn nt Run kim tra kt qu xem no: