B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC KINH T TP.HCM

-----------------
CNG TRNH D THI
GII THNG NGHIN CU KHOA HC SINH VIN
NH KINH T TR NM 2012
TN CNG TRNH:
HON THIN CHUI CUNG NG HOA LT
THUC NHM NGNH: KHOA HC KINH T
1
TM TT NGHIN CU
I. L do chn ti
ng vi tn gi Thnh ph ngn hoa, thnh ph Lt ni ting vi kh hu
trong lnh, mt m, l thin ng t hi ca trm hoa ua sc. Nhng a hoa rc r
khng ch mang n v p lng mn, kiu sa cho thnh ph Lt m cn l mt ngun
thu nhp khng nh cho ngi dn ni y. Thng hiu hoa Lt khng ch ni ting
trong nc m cn c rt nhiu th trng trn th gii bit n nh Hoa k, Nht
Bn v cc nc Chu u.Tuy nhin, trong sut 10 nm qua, t trng hoa xut khu ca
Lt vn rt thp so vi lng hoa sn xut. Nguyn nhn l do cht lng hoa ca
Lt vn cha p ng c cc tiu chun th gii mc d sn lng rt ln.
Phn ln din tch sn xut hoa Lt l ca cc h gia nh. H sn xut nh l
khng th gii quyt c cc kh khn v vn u t, p dng cng ngh mi v th
trng tiu th mi. Mc d ng vai tr quan trng nht trong chui cung ng hoa
Lt, bn thn cc h nng dn li khng thc c tim nng ca mnh m cn ph
thuc vo trung gian tiu th sn phm. Qu trnh bo qun hoa sau thu hoch cng
nh vic ng gi, vn chuyn vn cha c ngi trng hoa quan tm ng mc trong
khi hoa l sn phm d b h hi trong khu vn chuyn. Khu thanh ton gia cc h
nng dn v trung gian thu mua cn tn ti nhiu bt cp, gi thnh sn phm cng bp
bnh khin nhiu h nng dn iu ng khi dn ht vn ling v v ma.
V vy, gp phn hon thin chui cung ng Lt, nhm chng ti quyt nh
thc hin bi nghin cu Hon thin chui cung ng hoa Lt
II. Mc tiu nghin cu
L thuyt c bn v chui cung ng v qun tr chui cung ng.
Tm hiu v chui cung ng hoa Lt, cc yu t hnh thnh nn chui
cung ng.
Tm hiu cc knh phn phi hoa hin c. Trong tp trung vo cc knh
phn phi qua trung gian, khu bo qun v qu trnh thanh ton ca cc h nng
dn cc knh phn phi trn.
2
III. Phng php nghin cu:
Tho lun nhm: Thu thp thng tin t pha nng dn trng hoa. Phng vn v tho
lun vi h nhng vn lin quan n vic trng v tiu th hoa nhm xc nh nhng
thun li cng nh kh khn, ng thi thu thp nguyn vng, kin ca ngi dn
tng hp v phn tch chuyn su.
Phng vn chuyn su: Phng vn trc tip mt s ch doanh nghip thu mua, cc
c nhn c lin quan trong chui cung ng hoa Lt, cc cn b ph trch v vic pht
trin chui cung ng hoa S nng nghip v pht trin nng thn Lm ng, nhng
ngi bn s, bn l v ngi tiu dng. Cc thng tin trn s c tng hp phc v
cho mc ch ca bi nghin cu.
Bng cu hi: Thu thp thng tin t pha nhng ngi mua hoa l trn a bn thnh
ph H Ch Minh nh thong tin gi mua, tn sut mua, loi hoa hay mua nhm xc nh
nhng yu t nh hng n hnh vi tiu dng hoa ti Lt trong phm vi thnh ph.
Cc phng php thng k m t, thng k so snh bng cng c SPSS.
IV. Ni dung nghin cu:
Nghin cu cc yu t lin quan n chui cung ng hoa Lt bao gm cc yu t
u vo, qu trnh sn xut hoa ca h nng dn, qu trnh thu hoch, bo qun, vn
chuyn tiu th v cc hnh thc thanh ton. a ra cc s liu c th ng tin cy lin
quan n chui cung ng, t rt ra nhng nhn xt v nhng vn cn tn ti v a
ra mt s gii php ci thin vn .
Kho st cc yu t nh hng n th hiu ca ngi tiu dng t a ra cc
thng k nhm gip ngi nng dn hoch nh c cc k hoch trng hoa.
V. ng gp ca ti
i vi tc gi:
Cng c v nng cao kin thc hc ging ng v qun tr cht lng, chui gi
tr, chui cung ng cng nh kh nng thng k, m t v phn tch thng tin.
3
p dng tng hp nhng kin thc hc c vo thc tin v thu thp nhng kinh
nghim qu gi t qu trnh tm hiu, tip xc vi cc doanh nghip, h gia nh,y
cng chnh l tin tc gi c th tip tc o su nghin cu vn trng tm cng
nh c ci nhn a chiu i vi ngnh kinh doanh hoa ti Lt.
i vi h nng dn:
H tr h nng dn trong khu thanh ton, t chc k hoch sn xut.Gip ngi
nng dn c ci nhn tng qut v chui cung ng hoa ti.
i vi nh phn phi, khch hng:
Tm ra vn cn tn ti ang lm hn ch kh nng cung cp sn phm hoa ti mt
cch hiu qu, kp thi n tay ngi tiu dng, tng cng s tha mn ca ngi tiu
dng.
VI. Hng pht trin ca ti:
ti cn nhiu thiu st nh khng a ra c m hnh hi quy, s mu kho st
h nng dn cn hn ch. Chui cung ng hoa Lt qu ln v phc tp i hi cn
nhiu thi gian v cng sc c th miu t mt cch k lng.Nhng thiu st t nhiu
tn ti th hin trong bi nghin cu hy vng s c khc phc trong cc nghin cu sau.
4
Mc Lc
1.Khi nim v vai tr chui cung ng ............................................................................... 9
1.1.Khi nim................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.Hot ng ca chui cung ng ................................................................................ 10
1.3.Nhng i tng tham gia chui cung ng ............................................................. 10
1.4.Vai tr ca qun tr chui cung ng ........................................................................ 11
2.Kinh nghim xy dng chui cung ng ......................................................................... 11
2.1.Nhng vn chung: ............................................................................................... 12
2.2.Cu trc th trng cc khu vc ti n :............................................................. 12
2.2.1.Cu trc th trng bn bun Delhi: .............................................................. 12
2.2.2.Ch bun Connaught Place............................................................................ 13
2.2.3.Ch bun Mehrauli ........................................................................................ 13
2.2.4.Ch bun ca hoa truyn thng: ....................................................................... 13
2.3.M hnh cu trc th trng: .................................................................................... 13
2.4.Qun tr chui cung ng: ......................................................................................... 14
2.5.Bi hc kinh nghim: ............................................................................................... 15
1.Gii thiu chung v thnh ph Lt ........................................................................... 16
1.1.iu kin t nhin.................................................................................................... 16
V tr a l ................................................................................................................. 16
a hnh, th nhng ................................................................................................. 17
Kh hu....................................................................................................................... 17
1.2.iu kin kinh t-x hi........................................................................................... 18
1.2.1.Dn s: .............................................................................................................. 18
1.2.2.Cc ch tiu kinh t:........................................................................................... 18
2.Sn xut nng nghip theo hng cng ngh cao Lt........................................... 21
2.1.Tnh hnh chung ....................................................................................................... 21
2.2.Tnh hnh ng dng cng ngh cao trong sn xut Lt................................... 22
2.2.1.Cng ty Dalat Hasfarm...................................................................................... 22
2.2.2.Vng sn xut chuyn canh ng dng cng ngh cao ...................................... 22
3.Tnh hnh sn xut hoa Lt .................................................................................... 23
3.1.Lch s ngnh trng hoa Lt .............................................................................. 23
3.2.Tnh hnh phn b cc loi hoa................................................................................ 25
5
3.3.Din tch canh tc v sn lng hoa Lt nhng nm gn y: .......................... 26
4.Tnh hnh tiu th hoa Lt nhng nm gn y........................................................ 27
4.1.Th trng ni a .................................................................................................... 27
4.2.Th trng xut khu................................................................................................ 30
5.Phn tch chui cung ng hoa Lt............................................................................. 34
5.1.Cc yu t u vo:.................................................................................................. 34
5.1.1.Qu t .............................................................................................................. 35
5.1.2.Ngun nc....................................................................................................... 35
5.1.3.Ngun ging...................................................................................................... 36
5.1.4.Phn bn............................................................................................................ 37
5.1.5.Thuc tr su..................................................................................................... 38
5.2.Quy m..................................................................................................................... 38
5.3.Phng thc v trnh canh tc ............................................................................ 38
5.4.Thu hoch v ng gi............................................................................................. 40
5.5.Tiu th.................................................................................................................... 42
5.6. Khch hng v giao dch......................................................................................... 44
5.7. Hp ng v thanh ton.......................................................................................... 44
5.8.Cht lng sn phm v chng thc ....................................................................... 46
5.9.Thng hiu, nhn hiu ........................................................................................... 46
6. nh hng, mc tiu pht trin ca Thnh ph Lt n nm 2015....................... 48
6.1.Mc tiu pht trin................................................................................................... 48
nh hng pht trin.................................................................................................... 49
7.Phn tch SWOT v chui cung ng hoa Lt ........................................................... 51
1.Tng hp mt s vn cn tn ti trong sn xut hoa Lt:.................................... 54
1.1.Nhng hn ch v cc cc yu t u vo, phng thc v trnh canh tc v kh
nng thu hoch, bo qun: ............................................................................................. 54
Nhng hn ch trong khu vn chuyn: ........................................................................ 54
Nhng hn ch trong khu tiu th, tm kim th trng: ............................................. 55
2. xut gii php hon thin chui cung ng hoa Lt ............................................ 56
2.1.Hon thin cc yu t u vo................................................................................. 56
2.2.Hon thin phng thc, trnh canh tc.............................................................. 57
2.2.1.V pha ngi nng dn: ................................................................................... 57
6
2.2.2.V pha cc c quan chc nng:........................................................................ 57
2.3.Hon thin khu thu hoch, bo qun...................................................................... 58
2.4.Hon thin khu giao dch, thanh ton .................................................................... 58
2.5.Hon thin khu tiu th.......................................................................................... 59
2.5.1.Hon thin cng tc nghin cu th trng:...................................................... 59
2.5.2.Hon thin cng tc phn phi sn phm......................................................... 59
2.6.Hon thin cng tc xy dng thng hiu, qung b sn phm............................ 60
7
DANH MC S V BNG BIU
BIU 1.1: C CU CC NGNH KINH T TI THNH PH LT NM 2010 ... 19
BIU 1.2: DIN TCH CC LOI CY TRNG TP LT NM 2010...................... 20
BIU 3.1: DIN TCH GIEO TRNG V SN LNG HOA LT........................ 26
BIU 4.1: SN LNG TIU TH HOA CA TH TRNG NI A....................... 27
BIU 4.2: NI MUA HOA CA NGI TIU DNG.................................................... 28
BIU 4.3: CC LOI HOA THNG MUA ..................................................................... 28
BIU 4.4: MC CH MUA HOA TI CA NGI TIU DNG ............................. 29
BIU 4.5: YU T NGI TIU DNG QUAN TM KHI MUA HOA ........................ 29
BIU 4.6: SN LNG V KIM NGCH XUT KHU HOA CA LT............. 30
BIU 4.7: CC TH TRNG CA HOA LT XUT KHU................................. 31
BIU 4.8: KIM NGCH XUT KHU HOA LT TI CC TH TRNG........... 31
BIU 4.9: CC CNG TY XUT KHU HOA LT.................................................. 32
BNG 5.1: DIN TCH GIEO TRNG HOA CC A PHNG TNH LM NG.... 35
BNG 5.2: CC YU T KH HU NM 2011 LT....................................................... 36
BIU 5.3: TNH HNH S DNG GING CC NNG H ............................................ 36
BNG 5.4: CC LOI HOA PH BIN C TRNG LT .................................... 39
BNG 5.5: NHIT V THI GIAN BO QUN HOA THCH HP.............................. 41
BNG 5.6:THNH PHN THUC BO QUN HOA THNG DNG............................. 41
BNG 5.7: KT QU KHO ST CC NNG H................................................................ 42
BNG 5.8: BNG PHN B CC KNH TIU TH HOA................................................... 43
BIU 5.9: GI HOA TI VN TRUNG BNH TRONG THNG TI LT........... 44
8
LI NI U
Ngy nay, cnh tranh thnh cng trong bt k mi trng kinh doanh no, cc
doanh nghip khng ch tp trung vo hot ng ca ring mnh m phi tham gia vo
cng vic kinh doanh ca nh cung cp cng nh khch hng ca n. Bi l, khi doanh
nghip mun p ng sn phm hoc dch v cho khch hng h buc phi quan tm su
sc hn n dng dch chuyn nguyn vt liu; cch thc thit k, ng gi sn phm v
dch v ca nh cung cp; cch thc vn chuyn, bo qun sn phm hon thnh v
nhng mong i thc s ca ngi tiu dng hoc khch hng cui cng v thc t l c
nhiu doanh nghip c th khng bit sn phm ca h c s dng nh th no trng
vic to ra sn phm cui cng cho khch hng.
Chnh v vy, qun tr chui cung ng ngy cng l nhu cu tt yu cho tt c cc lnh
vc sn xut hin nay. Tuy nhin, mt trong nhng thch thc lin quan n qun tr
chui cung ng m nhiu doanh nghip ang phi i din l cch thc nh gi y
, ton din hiu sut trong mt chui cung ng ton cu v r rng l cc k phc tp.
V vy, ly v d mt chui cung ng in hnh l chui cung ng hoa Lt, chng
ti c gng phn tch cc yu t hnh thnh cng nh yu t tc ng vo chui cung ng
hoa Lt hiu c chnh xc nhng yu t cn khc phc, ci thin trong chui
cung ng. T , da ra nhng gii php c bn nhm hon thin chui cung ng hoa
Lt, nhng bng hoa ti Lt ca nc ta khng ch tiu th nhanh trong nc m
cn vn rng ra th trng nc ngoi.
Cng trnh nghin cu Hon thin chui cung ng hoa Lt ca nhm chng ti
ch gii hn hoa ti Lt ct cnh bao gm 3 chng:
Chng 1: C S KHOA HC CA VIC HON THIN CHUI
CUNG NG HOA LT
Chng 2: THC TRNG CHUI CUNG NG HOA LT
Chng3: GII PHP HON THIN CHUI CUNG NG HOA
LT
9
CHNG I: C S KHOA HC CA VIC HON THIN
CHUI CUNG NG HOA LT
1.Khi nim v vai tr chui cung ng
1.1.Khi nim
Chui cung ng l s lin kt vi cc cng ty nhm a sn phm hay dch v
vo th trng Fundaments of Logistics Management ca Lambert, Stock v
Elleam (1998, Boston MA: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, c.14)
Chui cung ng bao gm mi cng on c lin quan, trc tip hay gin tip, n
vic p ng nhu cu khch hng. Chui cung ng khng ch gm nh sn xut v
nh cung cp, m cn nh vn chuyn, kho, ngi bn l v bn thn khch hng
Supplychain management: strategy, planing and operation ca Chopra Sunil v Pter
Meindl, (2001, Upper Saddle Riverm NI: Prentice Hall c.1)
Chui cung ng l mt mng li cc la chn sn xut v phn phi nhm thc
hin cc chc nng thu mua nguyn liu, chuyn i nguyn liu thnh bn thnh
phm v thnh phm, v phn phi chng cho khch hng An introduction to
supply chain management Ganesham, Ran and Terry P.Harrison, 1995.
S 1.1: 5 TC NHN THC Y CHUI CUNG NG
10
1.2.Hot ng ca chui cung ng
Mc ch then cht ca bt k chui cung ng no l nhm tha mn nhu cu
khch hng, trong tin trnh to ra li nhun cho chnh doanh nghip. Cc hot ng
chui cung ng bt u vi n t hng ca khch hng v kt thc khi khch hng
thanh ton n t hng ca h.
Thut ng chui cung ng gi nn hnh nh sn phm hoc cung cp dch chuyn
t nh cung cp n nh sn xut ri n nh phn phi v n nh bn l n khch
hng dc theo chui cung ng. iu quan trng l chng ta phi mng tng dng
thng tin, sn phm v ti chnh dc c hai hng ca chui ny. Trong thc t, nh
sn xut c th nhn nguyn liu t vi nh cung cp v sau cung ng n nh
phn phi.
V vy, a s cc chui cung ng thc s l cc mng li. y chnh l l do m
ngi ta thng xem chui cung cp nh l mng li hu cn. C 5 lnh vc m cc
cng ty c th quyt nh nhm xc nh nng lc ca chui cung ng: sn xut, tn
kho, a im, vn ti v thng tin. Cc lnh vc ny l tc nhn thc y hiu qu
chui cung ng ca cng ty.
1.3.Nhng i tng tham gia chui cung ng
Vi hnh thc n gin nht, mt chui cung ng bao gm cng ty, cc nh cung
cp v khch hng ca cng ty . y l tp hp nhng i tng tham gia c bn
to ra mt chui cung ng c bn. Nhng chui cung ng m rng c ba loi i
tng tham gia truyn thng:
Loi th nht l nh cung cp ca cc nh cung cp hay nh cung cp cui
cng v tr bt u ca chui cung ng m rng.
Loi th hai l khch hng ca cc khch hng hay khch hng cui cng
v tr kt thc ca chui cung ng.
Loi th ba l tng th cc cng ty cung cp dch v cho nhng cng ty
khc trong chui cung ng. y l cc cng ty cung cp dch v v hu cn, ti
chnh, tip th v cng ngh thng tin.
11
Trong chui cung ng cng c s kt hp ca mt s cng ty thc hin nhng
chc nng khc nhau. Nhng cng ty l nh sn xut, nh phn phi, nh bn s,
nh bn l v khch hng c nhn hay khch hng l t chc. Nhng cng ty th cp
ny s c nhiu cng ty khc nhau cung cp hng lot nhng dch v cn thit.
1.4.Vai tr ca qun tr chui cung ng
Theo nh gi ca cc chuyn gia kinh t, trong giai on hi nhp, vai tr ca
chui cung ng rt quan trng. Nhc n vic chui cung ng quyt nh s thnh
cng ca thng hiu, khng th khng cp hai thng hiu ni ting l Wal-Mart
v Kmart. Nm 1962, khi Wal-Mart ra i, lc Kmart c 63 ca hng. n nm
2002, Kmart ph sn, Wal-Mart tr thnh nh bn l ln nht th gii. Ni v s tht
bi ca Kmart, Tng Gim c Chuck Conaway phi tha nhn: Ti cho rng chnh
chui cung ng l gt chn Archilles ca Kmart.
Tin s Nguyn Th Hng Minh, Tng Gim c Cng ty CP u t v Pht trin
h thng phn phi VN VDA, cng cho rng: Nu qun tr chui cung ng tt, chi
ph thp s dn n gi sn phm thp, to th mnh cnh tranh. Nu nh chi ph cung
ng ca M nm 2005 l 1.183 t USD (chim 9,5% GDP), ti Nht l 11% GDP,
Trung Quc l 21,6% GDP th theo thng k cha chnh thc ti VN, chi ph cung
ng dao ng t khong 19% - 25% GDP, chnh v vy gi sn phm n tay ngi
tiu dng cn rt cao. Cc cng ty p dng mt chui cung ng hon thin c li
nhun cao hn 12 ln so vi cc cng ty c chui cung ng khng hon thin.
2.Kinh nghim xy dng chui cung ng
Trong qu trnh nghin cu ti ny, chng ti tham kho mt s bi vit v
chui cung ng hoa ct cnh mt s nc trn th gii nh Brazil, Kenya, M, Php,
n ,y l ngun ti liu tham kho cc k c ch nh hng qu trnh hon
thin bi nghin cu cng nh gip chng ti hc c nhng kinh nghim t cc
nc p dng vo vn ny Vit Nam, c th l Lt.
Trong s nhng nc c cp trn y, bi vit v chui cung ng hoa ct
cnh ti n c th ni l ph hp i vi phm vi v iu kin nghin cu ca
12
chng ti hn c. Ngoi ra, n cng l t nc c nhiu im tng ng vi
Vit Nam nh kh hu nng m, h sinh thi a dng, dn s - mt dn s mc
cao.y l c s gip chng ti d dng hn trong vic tip cn vn cn kh mi
m ny Vit Nam, ng thi to nn tng kin thc gii quyt nhng vn
tng t ti Lt v c nhng snh to ring ca mnh.
Vi nhan Bo co d n v qun tr chui cung ng hoa ct cnh th
trng n , bi vit gii thiu mt cch sinh ng, c th v th trng hoa ct
cnh nhiu khu vc ti n v c nhng pht hin mi m v m hnh chui
cung ng, v chi ph tip th, kh nng hon vn u t, v v nhng vn n
ang vp phi trong qu trnh pht trin ngnh trng hoa vi nhng gii php ngn
gn nhng thit thc.
2.1.Nhng vn chung:
Cc loi hoa ct cnh ang thng tr th trng n l: hoa cm chng, hoa
hng, hoa lay-n, hoa lan v hoa lys. Ngoi mc ch trang tr v thng thc, nhng
sn phm t hoa cn l ngun nguyn liu cho ngnh cng nghip nc hoa.
Nhng nm gn y, tc pht trin ca ngh trng hoa ang chm li do t ng
dng khoa hc k thut vo trng trt, cng nh cng tc vn chuyn,bo qun sn
phm n tay ngi tiu dng km hiu qu. Ngoi ra, vic chn v tr th trng
khng thch hp gy cho kh khn cho khu tiu th sn phm.
Bi ny nghin cu ny cng phn tch nhng kha cnh v qun tr chui cung
ng v tip th ca hoa ct cnh th trng n : knh tip th, chi ph pht sinh v
li nhun bin ca hoa ct cnh. T chng minh vn tip th ang gp phi v
xut chin lc vt qua tr ngi
2.2.Cu trc th trng cc khu vc ti n :
2.2.1.Cu trc th trng bn bun Delhi:
Th trng tng i m v cha c ni quy nh, kim sot bn hng, thiu cs
vt cht ct tr, thiu khu vc ng gi v bun bn th gp nhiu kh khn do ma,
13
m v hi nng. Khng c h thng thnh vin hay cam kt vi bt k t chc no.
Hoa c thi ra ngay trn mt t, trong khi hoa ti tip xc vi sc nng gh gm ca
Mt tri lm gim ng k cht lng hoa. Th trng a dng v gi v t s phn bit
nn ngi sn xut khng h bit v gi tr thc ca sn phm, iu ny nh hng n
thu nhp ca h.
2.2.2.Ch bun Connaught Place
C khong 50 nh bn bun v i l hoa hng xc tin vic bun bn nng sn.i l
hoa hng s tnh ph hoa hng 15% trn gi bn.Theo quan st th trung bnh hng ngy,
lng nng sn ca t nht 100 h nng dn c em n y. Ngun hoa ch yu l t
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Sikkim, Utter Pradesh,
2.2.3.Ch bun Mehrauli
Ch ny nm gn Qutab Minar vi chng loi hoa b gii hn ch yu bi hoa hng,
hoa lay-n, hoa hu v cc loi hoa ma ng khc. Ngun hoa ch yu l t Gurgaon,
Chhatarpur. C khong 15 n 20 nh bn bun v i l hoa hng trong ch. y, hu
ht ngi trng hoa t bn sn phm ca h v vo ma cao im th con s ny l 150-
200 ngi.
2.2.4.Ch bun ca hoa truyn thng:
Ch c ti Fatepuri Khari Baoli, khu vc Old Delhi. 11 gi sng th din ra
vic bn hoa thng qua u gi v bn trc tip. Trong h thng u xo, ngi bn phi
tr hoa hng 6.25% trn gi bn cho ngi em u gi.C hn 12 chng loi hoa c
tip th quanh nm y.
2.3.M hnh cu trc th trng:
Do ngi tiu th rt xa ngi sn xut nn t c c hi tip xc, v vai tr ca
nhng trung gian l rt ln, h l nhng ngi to nn c ch v gi ca sn phm. Cc
knh phn phi c la chn nhiu vng l:
Nh sn xuti l bn bunNh bn lNgi tiu dng
14
Nh sn xuti l chuyn tipi l bn bunNh bn
lNgi tiu dng
Nh sn xutC quan pht trin vng Nng thn (District Rural
Development Authority)i l bn bunNh bn lNgi tiu dng
Nh sn xutHp tc x i l bn bunNh bn lNgi
tiu dng
Nh sn xutNh bn lNgi tiu dng
Vic la chn knh phn phi no ph thuc vo kch c kinh doanh, s n nh ca
b phn tip th, v tr kinh t, cu tin t v s lin kt ca ngi sn xut vi bn trong
v bn ngoi nng tri.
2.4.Qun tr chui cung ng:
Ca hng bn l l b phn kt ni quan trng nht ca chui cung ng v n kt ni
ngi tiu dng vi ngi bn thnh phm; chnh ngi bn l l b phn c trch nhim
o lng mong mun v nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng, lm vic vi cc thnh phn khc
ca chui cung ng nh ngi bn bun, ngi sn xut, cng ty vn chuyn, m
bo lun c thnh phm khi khch hng cn. Ngi bn l ang ngy cng nm gi vai
tr quyt nh trong chui cung ng v kin thc h c c v ngi tiu dng, cc giao
dch ng vai tr c bit quan trng v cc thng tin ny c th chia s vi nh cung cp
lp k hoch sn xut, chiu th, phn phi, ng gi v mc d tr:
- Nng cao s sn c ca sn phm: mt chui cung ng hiu qu gip gim
lng hng tn kho, sp xp hng ha cho ph hp vi nhu cu khch hng, ni
h cn
- Nng cao hiu qu u t (ROI): Doanh thu thun nng cao bng cch phn
loi sn phm cho ph hp nhu cu khch hng. Li nhun thun c th tng ln
bng cch tng li nhun bin hoc gim chi ph. ng thi cn tng vng quay
hng tn kho
15
2.5.Bi hc kinh nghim:
Theo kt qu khi nghin cu ti th trng n th knh bn l l ni c t sut
sinh li ln nht (chim 85.35% li nhun), cc h nng dn ch yu tip th hoa ct
cnh ca h cho ngi bn bun (hn 65% ngi c phng vn), v li nhun bin
t vic tip th th thp hn gi bn thnh phm. y cng chnh l thc t ang xy
ra ti Vit Nam, ni m nn kinh t th trng cn kh manh mn dn n nhng gc
nhn kh thin lch khi bn v vn tip th. Tuy ni dung nghin cu ca chng ti
khng tp trung nhiu vo vn ny, nhng y vn l nhng kin thc thc s b
ch trong bc tranh tng th ca mt chui cung ng quan trng ti Lt.
Ngoi ra, bi bo co ny cng c nhng pht hin mi m v nhng trc trc ny
sinh trong khu tip th ti th trng n , m phn ln cng l nhng iu m th
trng Vit Nam ang tm cch gii quyt ci thin cht lng sn phm t khu
sn xut n khu tiu th. ng dng vo ti nghin cu, theo quan im ca
chng ti, th nhng hn ch sau y l ng quan tm v c nh hng ln n chin
lc pht trin ngnh trng hoa ti Lt:
Chi ph vn chuyn ln v c xu hng tng cao trong thi gian ti
Cch thc ng gi hoa thnh phm cn yu km, d h hng khi vn
chuyn
Do cung v cu hoa bin ng tht thng, dn n thu nhp bp bnh cho
h nng dn v gi c ln xung lm nn lng ngi tiu dng
16
CHNG II:
THC TRNG CHUI CUNG NG HOA LT
1.Gii thiu chung v thnh ph Lt
1.1.iu kin t nhin
V tr a l
Thnh ph Lt nm trn cao nguyn Lm vin, v pha ng Bc tnh Lm
ng. Pha Bc gip huyn Lc Dng, pha Nam gip huyn c Trng, pha ng
v ng Nam gip huyn n Dng, pha Ty v Ty Nam gip huyn Lm H.
Thnh ph Lt c din tch t nhin 39.105 ha. iu kin giao thng tng i
thun li m rng giao lu kinh t vi cc vng trng im kinh t pha Nam, cc
tnh Duyn hi min Trung v Ty nguyn.Thnh ph Lt cn l tnh l ca tnh
Lm ng, l trung tm du lch ngh dng, o to v nghin cu khoa hc ca c
nc.
17
a hnh, th nhng
a hnh Lt thuc dng sn nguyn vi cao trung bnh 1520 m so vi mc
nc bin, c bn c th phn lm 3 dng: ni cao, i thp v thung lng.
t ai Lt c phong ho t nhiu ngun khc nhau nh macma, trm
tch, bin cht Cc loi t thng gp Lt l: t feralit vng (Fs), t
feralit vng (Fa), t mn vng xm (Fha), t feralit nu vng (Fda), t feralit
nu pht trin trn bazan (Fk), t feralit nu tm pht trin trn bin cht
(Ft), t vng pht trin trn bin cht (Fj), t ph sa (P), t dc t (Dt). Nhn
chung, ph nhiu t ai Lt tng i kh, din tch t b thoi ho khng
ng k, tng dy t kh su. Mt hn ch l t c dc ln nn rt d b ra tri
v xi mn trong ma ma.Kh nng gi nc v dinh dng khng cao.
Kh hu
Lt nm trong vng nhit i gi ma cn xch o nhng b chi phi bi cao
v a hnh t nhin nn kh hu mang tnh cht c th so vi nhng vng ln
cn.Nhit trung bnh nm l 18,3
0
C, bin nhit trong ngy 11-12
0
C. Kh hu
Lt chia lm 2 ma r rt, ma ma ko di t thng 4 n thng 10 hng nm, ma
kh t thng 10 nm trc n thng 4 nm sau. Lng ma bnh qun hng nm
Lt t 1800 mm.
Do c im v kh hu v th nhng nn s phn b thm thc vt t nhin ti
Lt rt phong ph v a dng vi nhiu kiu rng khc nhau. Chng va mang
tnh cht ca thm thc vt nhit i m, va mang tnh cht ca vng nhit i m.
Trong , chim u th l rng l kim vi c trng l rng thng 3 l.
Tm li, Lt l ni c thin nhin u i cho vic pht trin ngnh
trng hoa. Vi truyn thng v kinh nghim sn xut lu i, kt hp vi ng
dng cc tin b khoa hc k thut Lt c y cc yu t sn xut cc
loi hoa c ngun gc n i, cht lng cao, p ng th hiu ngy cng cao ca
ngi tiu dng.
18
1.2.iu kin kinh t-x hi
1.2.1.Dn s:
T nm 1990 n nay, dn s Lt tng kh nhanh; theo thng k nm 2010,
dn s Lt l 209.173 ngi, mt 469 ngi/km
2
. T l tng dn s t nhin
1,28%
Cc thng k nm 2010 cho thy:
T l ph cp THCS t 93,7%. T l h ngho cn 1,78%.
a phng gii quyt vic lm cho 3500 lao ng/ nm, t l lao
ng qua o to t 32%.
T l h dn s dng in li quc gia t trn 95%, t l dn s
dng nc sch l 99%.
1.2.2.Cc ch tiu kinh t:
Tc tng trng kinh t:
Trong 5 nm ( 2006- 2010) tc tng trng kinh t bnh qun t 16%/nm; thu
ngn sch nh nc t 2.025 t ng; vn u t ton x hi t 8.640 t; kim ngch
xut khu 132 triu USD, tng 17,2%nm; GDP bnh qun u ngi n cui nm 2009
t 21 triu ng/ngi/nm.
Di y l cc ch tiu tng trng kinh t nm 2010:
Tc tng trng GDP nm 2010 t 16,2%.
Tng vn u t ton x hi: 2.500 t ng.
GDP bnh qun u ngi: 21,4 triu ng/ngi/nm. Trong khi
, so snh vi GDP ca c nc (22,8 triu ng/ngi/nm) th Lt vn
thp hn 1,4 triu ng.
Tng kim ngch xut khu 35 triu USD
Tng thu ngn sch a phng qun l 595.500 triu ng, chi ngn
sch a phng 275.325 triu ng.
C cu kinh t:
73.30%
Cc ngnh du lch dch v, c
nghip cng ngh cao vn l
2006 c 1,5 triu lt khch n
khch.
Di y l c cu kinh t cc ng
Cng nghip - Xy d
Nng Lm nghip chim
Du lch - Dch v chim
BIU 1.1

H thng c s h tng
Sau hn 20 nm u t xy d
ng n lc trong vic thit lp h thng
phn b u khp cc vng trong t
tnh, mt khc t Lm ng vo v
H Ch Minh v cc tnh Nam B. H
tuyn vi quc l 1A, Lm ng c th d d
Din tch, nng sut, s
19
15.70%
11%
73.30%
CN - XD
NLN
DL - DV
ch dch v, cng nghip ch bin nng sn thc phm, nng
p cng ngh cao vn l nhng ngnh kinh t mi nhn ca a ph
t khch n Lt th n nm 2009 tng ln 2,1 tri
u kinh t cc ngnh nm 2010
Xy dng chim 15,7%
p chim 11%
ch v chim 73,3%
U 1.1: C CU CC NGNH KINH T TI TH
PH LT NM 2010
Ngun: Tng cc thng k
h tng
xy dng v pht trin trong hon cnh ho bnh,
lc trong vic thit lp h thng ng b c cht lng tng
ng trong tnh, mt mt m bo giao thng thun li trong ni
g vo v tr cu ni gia cc tnh Ty Nguyn v
nh Nam B. Hn na, vi h thng quc l chy qua v
n vi quc l 1A, Lm ng c th d dng giao lu vi cc tnh khc trong c n
n lng mt s cy trng ch yu
p ch bin nng sn thc phm, nng
mi nhn ca a phng. Nm
n 2,1 triu lt
TI THNH
n: Tng cc thng k Lm ng
bnh, Lt-Lm
ng i tt v
nh, mt mt m bo giao thng thun li trong ni
n vi Thnh ph
a, vi h thng quc l chy qua v vic ni
i cc tnh khc trong c nc.
20
Hng nm, Lt cung cp cho th trng khong 230-240 ngn tn rau v trn 650
triu cnh hoa cc loi.Nm 2010, din tch cc loi rau, hoa, cy trngc gieo trng
ti thnh ph Lt c thng k:
+ Din tch cy rau, u cc loi 7.201,1 ha, nng sut 656,2 t/ha, sn
lng c t 206.161 tn.
+ Din tch hoa cc loi 3.141,7 ha.
+ Din tch cy lng thc cc loi 238,4 ha.
BIU 1.2: DIN TCH CC LOI CY TRNG TP LT NM
2010
Ngun: Tng cc thng k Lm ng
Nhn chung, trnh thm canh cng nh ng dng khoa hc k thut trong sn xut
nng nghip ca cc h nng dn thuc TP Lt thuc mc cao hn so vi trung bnh
ca tnh Lm ng. TP Lt c nhiu c quan nghin cu, chuyn giao tin b k
thut cng ngh: Trung tm nghin cu rau thuc Vin khoa hc K thut nng nghip
Min Nam, Trung tm nghin cu ng dng k thut nng nghip Lm ng, cc doanh
nghip sn xut hoa cng ngh cao hng u Chu : Cng ty TNHH Lt Hasfarm,
Bonie Farmv Trng i Hc Lt.
7200
3631
242.3
4874.5
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Din tch rau Din tch hoa Din tch cy
lng thc
Din tch cy
CN lu nm
21
2.Sn xut nng nghip theo hng cng ngh cao Lt
2.1.Tnh hnh chung
Trong bi cnh kinh t th gii ang i vo xu hng ha nhp v ton cu ha, Vit
Nam gia nhp T chc thng mi th gii WTO, s cnh tranh ngy cng khc lit,
trong c lnh vc nng nghip. Hin nay, trn th gii nng nghip tin mt bc
kh di trong vic ng dng cc thnh tu khoa hc-cng ngh, to ra bc t ph trong
nng nghip, gim thiu s l thuc vo t nhin vn d tn ti lu i cc quc gia
nng nghip.
Chnh v th, vic ng dng m hnh pht trin nng nghip theo hng cng ngh
cao vo nc ta l mt xu hng tt yu.
Theo nh gi ca B Nng Nghip v Pht Trin Nng Thn, cc loi hnh nng
nghip pht trin theo hng cng ngh cao Vit Nam c th tm thi chia ra nh sau:
Cc khu Nng nghip cng ngh cao:
Cc m hnh ny ch yu tp trung cc thnh ph ln, thc t hin ch c TP.H
Ch Minh v tnh Lm ng. c im ca m hnh ny l Nh nc quy hoch thnh
khu tp trung vi quy m t 100 ha tr ln. Tin hnh thit k quy hoch phn khc chc
nng theo hng lin hon t nghin cu, sn xut, ch bin, gii thiu sn phm. Cc t
chc, c nhn thuc cc thnh phn kinh t c quyn ng k v u t vo khu
pht trin sn phm.
Cc m hnh sn xut nng nghip cng ngh cao
Cc m hnh thng thng do mt cng ty u t, quy m ty theo kh nng u t
vn v sn phm ca m hnh l sn phm ch yu ca doanh nghip. Cc cng ty p
dng thnh cng m hnh ny c th k n nh l: Lt Hasfarm, Cng ty Lin doanh
ht ging ng Ty, Cng ty ging cy trng H Ni...
Vng sn xut chuyn canh ng dng cng ngh cao
y l lai hnh ph bin v mang tnh i tr, c ngha trong thc tin sn xut
nng nghip ca nc ta trong iu kin hin nay. y l loi hnh cn khuyn khch
pht trin cc tnh nng nghip ty theo iu kin v t nhin, v lao ng v th mnh
ca a phng.
22
2.2.Tnh hnh ng dng cng ngh cao trong sn xut Lt
2.2.1.Cng ty Dalat Hasfarm
Cng ty Dalat Hasfarm sn xut cc lai hoa n i cao cp. Sn phm chnh l hoa
ct cnh, bao gm hoa hng, lily, cc n, cc chm, cm chng n, cm chng
chm, ng tin, baby, sao tm, salem v cc loi l trang tr, hoa trng chu. Ngoi vic
cung cp cho th trng trong nc, thng qua mng li phn phi vng chc v rng
khp, Dalat Hasfarm cn xut khu sang Nht Bn, Singapore, Thi Lan, i Loan,
Kampochea, v.v..
Hin ti, cng ty c 3 trang tri ti Lt, a Qu v n Dng rng hn 250 ha,
trong c hn 41 ha nh knh. Cc loi hoa c trng trong nh knh Lt vi
cng ngh hin i v theo quy trnh ht sc nghim ngt. Trong , t din tch kho
lnh 600m
2
c y trang thit b gi hoa tt nht, n quy trnh ng gi, bo
qun v vn chuyn lin hon.
2.2.2.Vng sn xut chuyn canh ng dng cng ngh cao
Cc cng ngh ti y c ng dng nhiu nh trng rau, hoa trong nh li, nh
mng, s dng mng ph, ti phun sng, ti nh git. Phn ln s h trng hoa s
dng nh mng, nh li canh tc hoa.
Hoa trng trong nh c mi che ch yu l cc loi hoa cc, salem, hng, ng tin,
cm chng, phong lan, a lan. Nhng nm gn y, hng lat cc ging hoa mi
c du nhp v trng Lt, in hnh l cc ging hoa lily v ct tng. Ngi
trng hoa c th t bnh qun thu nhp hng nm n 625 triu ng, dao ng t 208
n 783 triu ng/ha/nm.
Tm li, TP Lt l mt a phng i u c nc trong vic p dng cc m
hnh sn xut nng nghip cng ngh cao.y c th xem l mt th mnh ca TP
Lt trong pht trin nng sut, cht lng v chng loi sn phm, gp phn nng cao
kh nng cnh tranh ca mnh trn th trng.
23
3.Tnh hnh sn xut hoa Lt
Qua nhng phn tch trn, ta c th thy rng Lt l a phng c iu kin
thun li v kh hu, t ai cho ngh trng hoa pht trin, c bit l cc loi hoa cao
cp. Trong nhng nm qua, nng dn Lt tng bc tip thu khoa hc k thut,
hc hi kinh nghim di nhiu hnh thc, t gip cho din tch trng hoa ngy cng
c m rng v hnh thnh nn nhng vng chuyn canh, vng sn xut hoa hng ha
c quy m ln, cht lng cao.
3.1.Lch s ngnh trng hoa Lt
Nm 1938, ngh trng hoa ti Lt bt u hnh thnh v pht trin, cung cp
cho th trng hng trm loi hoa khc nhau. Sau nhiu thng trm, ngh trng hoa ca
Lt c nhng bc pht trin mnh m, to dng c uy tn ln ti th trng trong
nc cng nh quc t vi cht lng hoa tt, s a dng phong ph v chng loi,
thng hiu Hoa Lt t lu nm trong tim thc ca ngi dn Vit Nam v nay
bt u bc chn ra th trng quc t.
Giai on 1975-1985:
Vo thi im 1977, Lt c 6/9 phng sn xut hoa ct cnh vi tng din tch
30 ha; nm 1985 l 30 ha.Sn xut hoa trong giai on ny ch yu s dng cc ging
trng trt c t trc, vi nhng k thut sn xut truyn thng phc v cho nhu cu
l tt trong nc.
Nm 1984, chng trnh nghin cu v cy lan Lt (Cymbidium) c khi ng.
Vi k thut nui cy m thc vt, hng trm ngn cy a lan cy m vi cc ging qu
him c nhn nhanh v phc v kp thi cho nhu cu ging ca a phng.
Giai on 1986-1995:
C th xem y l giai on tr mnh v chun b cho bc pht trin mi ca ngh
trng hoa ti Lt. D n L-05 c trin khai vo nm 1984, vi mc tiu Sn xut
c mt triu cnh lan vo nm 1990 lm hi sinh ngnh trng hoa Lt.
24
Din tch canh tc hoa ct cnh ti Lt trong giai on ny c tng nhng vi tc
rt chm (1,6 ln trong 10 nm); sn lng hoa trong giai on ny c bc pht trin
t ph t 2,4 triu cnh nm 1984 t n mc 26 triu cnh nm 1995.
Giai on 1996-2005:
Chnh sch m ca ca nh nc thu ht nhiu nh u t vo lnh vc nng
nghip ca Lt. Qu trnh u t v pht trin ca Dalat Hasfarm trn t Lt
lm thay i cch nhn v nh hng pht trin ca ngnh hoa Lt. Bn cnh , vi
tinh thn cu tin, ham hc hi v mnh dn u t, nhiu nng h sn xut hoa
nghin cu v tip cn cc thng tin mi trong cng ngh sn xut hoa cht lng cao
thng qua nhiu knh khc nhau v ng dng ngay vo thc t sn xut.
Nm 2004, Lt bt u xut khu cy ging hoa, cy cnh sang mt s nc
khu vc chu u nh B, H Lan.. m bc khi u l cng ty c phn Cng ngh
sinh hc Rng hoa Lt vi vic u t thit b, cng ngh v k thut tin tin trn
lnh vc nui cy m thc vt vo sn xut.
Giai on 2005 n nay:
Sau 20 nm tp trung pht trin sn xut hoa theo hng hng ha, hng lot cc quy
trnh k thut canh tc chun cho tng ging hoa nh: cc, ng tin, lyly, cm chng,
ng tin, bibi, salem, hng, ct tng, hng mn, a lan. c nghin cu v ban
hnh rng ri n ngi dn. K thut canh tc hoa ca nng dn ngy cng hon thin,
gp phn nng cao cht lng sn phm hoa Lt. Hin nay, gi tr sn xut hoa theo
hng nng nghip cng ngh cao ti Lt t 400-500 triu ng/ha/nm; vi
nhng chng loi hoa c bit c th c doanh thu t trn 1 t ng/ha/nm.
Tm ti: C th ni trong thi gian qua (1975-2011) l mt chng ng di cho
ngnh hoa Lt khng nh v tr ca mnh. Qua mt qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin,
ngy nay ni n Lt ngi ta s lin tng ngay n mt Thnh ph ngn hoa vi
nhiu chng loi hoa cht lng cao.Trong giai on hi nhp sp ti, cng vi nhng
chnh sch, gii php ph hp s to nhng bc pht trin mnh m cho ngnh hoa
Lt.
25
3.2.Tnh hnh phn b cc loi hoa
Cc loi hoa chnh c trng Lt l: hoa cc, hoa hng, hoa Lay-n, hoa Lys,
v nhng loi hoa khc. Theo nghin cu, mi loi hoa s c nhng c im gieo trng,
thi v thu hoch khc nhau.
Hoa cc: c trng ph bin trn hu ht cc din tch canh tc ton thnh ph do
c im d trng, thi v ngn, ngun cu n nh.Trong nhiu nht l khu vc
Thi Phin, Nam H, Xun Th. Cc h nng dn trng hoa cc thng xuyn xen canh
cc loi hoa mu, cy trng h u khc trn cng din tch t nhm mc ch ci to
t, v th cng tc thng k din tch, sn lng hng nm thng gp kh khn. Vic
sn xut ging hoa cc cng kh n gin, c rt nhiu c s sn xut ging hoa cc t
nhn trn a bn Lt cung cp ging thng xuyn v a dng, nhiu h c din tch
trng ln cn t trng cy ging.
Hoa Lay-n: thng c trng xen canh gia cc v rau do doanh thu trn cng
mt din tch thp hn cc loi hoa khc v thi gian sinh trng ngn. Ngoi ra Lay-n
li l loi hoa a nng nn cc din tch ct nh knh th khng th s dng trng
Lay-n c na. Chnh v vy nn sn lng lay-n Lt gim kh nhiu so vi
nhng nm trc. Ngoi ra, vic cung cp ging lay-n yu cu nhng phng php x
l phc tp cng khin cho loi hoa ny t c cc h nng dn canh tc.
Hoa Hng: l loi hoa lu nm c canh tc rng ri duy nht ti Lt. Do thi
gian canh tc thng ko di t 10 nm tr ln, vic u t mt din tch t trng hoa
hng thng kh phc tp v tn km. Din tch hoa hng Lt tp trung ch yu
khu vc Vn Thnh, Nam Ban vi nhiu h dn c kinh nghim trng hoa lu nm.
Hoa Lys: l mt trong nhng loi hoa cao cp c trng ph bin ti Lt. Tuy
nhin do ging hoa t v ngun cung thng l do nhp ngoi, vic u t, chm sc
phc tp, gi c li dao ng ty thi im nn ch c mt s t h u t chuyn canh.
Hoa lys c trng phn b ri rc vi nhng din tch nh trn nhng khu t c cht
lng tt nht.
Cc loi hoa khc: ng tin
phn b ri rc vi sn lng bin ng
hoc tn dng din tch t tha
3.3.Din tch canh tc v sn l
Thnh ph Lt chim g
doanh nghip c vn u t n
12% din tch v khong 18 % s
cn li tp trung ch yu vo cc nng h
tri.
BIU 3.1: DIN TCH GIEO TRNG V
Qua s liu thng k t nm 2005
Lt tng 311, 68% t 882 ha nm 2005
cng tng u qua cc nm, t
Thng qua nhng nh gi t
pht trin to ln ca ngnh hoa L
cng mnh m hin nay.
26
ng tin, cm chng, ct tng, sao tm, sale
phn b ri rc vi sn lng bin ng, ch yu l c trng xen canh ci to t
n tch t tha.
n lng hoa Lt nhng nm gn y:
m gn 40% din tch v trn 70% sn lng hoa c
u t nc ngoi chim gn 150 ha din tch canh tc, chi
ng 18 % sn lng, ch yu l hoa cht lng cao; ph
u vo cc nng h, cc cng ty TNHH trong n
U 3.1: DIN TCH GIEO TRNG V SN LNG HOA
Ngun:Phng
nm 2005 n 2011, din tch gieo trng hoa c
882 ha nm 2005 n 3631 ha nm 2011. V sn l
330 triu cnh nm 2005 n 1180 triu cnh nm 2011.
ng nh gi t nhiu nm qua, c th khng
a ngnh hoa Lt trong iu kin hi nhp kinh t
, salem c trng
ch yu l c trng xen canh ci to t
ng hoa c tnh; trong
canh tc, chim
ng cao; phn din tch
, cc cng ty TNHH trong nc v cc trang
NG HOA LT
Phng kinh t Lt
ng hoa ct cnh ti
n lng gieo trng
u cnh nm 2011.
ng nh tim nng
p kinh t quc t ngy
4.Tnh hnh tiu th hoa L
4.1.Th trng ni a
n nay, hoa Lt vn ch
trng ni a chim khong 85% t
thnh trong c nc, ni bt l
Nam b, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, H N
ln nht l TP H Ch Minh.
BIU 4.1: SN LNG TI
Thnh Ph H Ch Minh l m
Lt, mi ngy 3 ch u mi hoa H
t 2.000-4.000 thng hoa ti (1
cc tnh min Ty, qua Campuchia, g
ln t 4 n 10 ln.
Theo kt qu kho st nm 2012, chng ti c
dng ca ngi dn TP H Ch Minh khi ch
397.000
0.000
200.000
400.000
600.000
800.000
1000.000
1200.000
Nm 2006 Nm 2007
27
Lt nhng nm gn y
n ch yu tiu th trong nc. Theo s liu nm 2011, th
ng 85% tng sn lng.Hoa Lt c mt
t l cc a phng Nha Trang, Nng, cc t
Ch Minh, H Ni.; trong , th trng tiu th
NG TIU TH HOA CA TH TRNG NI A
Ngun: Tng cc thng k Lm
Ch Minh l mt th trng ln nht trong nc cho hoa c
i hoa H Th K, m Sen v Hu Giang ti TP.HCM nh
4.000 thng hoa ti (1-2 triu cnh) t Lt cung cp cho c
n Ty, qua Campuchia, gi i Trung, ra H Ni. Ngy l tt con s
o st nm 2012, chng ti cng rt ra vi nhn xt v
Ch Minh khi chn mua hoa ti nh sau:
416.500
451.863
435.219
721.880
Nm 2007 Nm 2008 Nm 2009 Nm 2010
Sn lng tiu th (triu cnh)
u nm 2011, th
t khp cc tnh
ng, cc tnh Min ng
ng tiu th s lng hoa
NG NI A
ng k Lm ng
c cho hoa ct cnh
i TP.HCM nhn
p cho c thnh ph,
t con s ny nhn
hnh vi tiu
721.880
999.800
Nm 2010 Nm 2011
BIU 4.2: N
Nhng ni ngi tiu dng mua hoa th
ti (30%), ngi tiu dng t khi mua
mua hoa ti cc im ch u m
tiu dng vn thch chn mua
BIU 4.3: CC LOI HOA TH
Theo kho st, c 28% p vin tr
hng.
28
4.2: NI MUA HOA CA NGI TIU DNG
Ngun: Kh
mua hoa thng l cc ch gn nh (45%) v cc shop hoa
i tiu dng t khi mua cc ch u mi hay l ng.
u mi s c gi mm hn, nhng i li s ti
mua ti cc ch gn nh v shop hoa ti hn.
U 4.3: CC LOI HOA THNG MUA
Ngun: Kh
o st, c 28% p vin tr li mnh thng mua hoa cc, v 24% ch
U DNG
o st nm 2012
v cc shop hoa
ng. Thc t, vic
tin li th ngi
n: Kho st nm 2012
, v 24% chn p n l hoa
BIU 4.4: MC CH MUA HOA T
Mc ch tiu dng cng r
ngi tiu dng chn mua hoa.
dng chn nhiu nht l phc v
cng kh hp l khi loi hoa m ng
bin c phc v cho vic th
BIU 4.5: YU T NG
29
U 4.4: MC CH MUA HOA TI CA NGI TIU DNG
Ngun: Kh
ng rt khc nhau, trn y l nhng l do ph
n mua hoa. Trong qu trnh kho st, nhng l do
c v cho vic th cng, cc dp l, v sinh nh
i hoa m ngi tiu dng mua nhiu nht l hoa cc
th cng.
U 4.5: YU T NGI TIU DNG QUAN TM KHI MUA HOA
Ngun: Kh
I TIU DNG
o st nm 2012
ng l do ph bin nht khi
c ngi tiu
, v sinh nht. Kt qu ny
t l hoa cc-loi hoa ph
U DNG QUAN TM KHI MUA HOA
o st nm 2012
Trong tt c cc yu t, khch hng
thun tin. D thy rng cht l
th ngi sn xut, cng nh cc
ngun cung ca mnh.
Tuy nhin, trong gn y, th
cung vt cu, dn n tnh tr
sn xut. So vi ngh trng hoa trn th
thp hn rt nhiu. Chnh v th
vn cp thit ca ngnh hi
4.2.Th trng xut khu
BIU 4.6: SN LNG V
Mc tng trng kim ng
qun t 147%, cao hn mc tng tr
c th ni kim ngch xut kh
khu nm 2011cng tng 2,77
30
, khch hng c bit quan tm n yu t ch
t lng l s quan tm hng u ca n 48%
cc i l bn s, l cn phi ci tin hn n
n y, th trng ni a c hin tng bo ho, th
n tnh trng gi c rt thp lm nh hng n thu nh
ng hoa trn th gii th thu nhp ca ngi tr
u. Chnh v th, vic m rng hng i sang th trng xu
n nay.
NG V KIM NGCH XUT KHU HOA CA
LT
Ngun: S Cng Thng Lm
ch xut khu giai on 2006 - 2011 ca hoa L
c tng trng kim ngch xut khu ca nm 2010
u hoa t mc k lc t trc n nay. Sn l
7 ln so vi nm 2006.
cht lng v s
n 48% khch hng, v
n hn na cht lng
ng bo ho, thm ch c lc
n thu nhp ca ngi
ng hoa Lt
ng xut khu l mt
CH XUT KHU HOA CA
Cng Thng Lm ng
a hoa Lt bnh
a nm 2010 n 101%,
n lng hoa xut
T ch ch tiu th trong n
nhng th trng rng ln y tim nng, k c vic chinh phc nhng th tr
tnh nh: Nht Bn, Singapore,
BIU 4.7: CC TH
Theo cc chuyn gia ngnh hoa Nh
din tch trng hoa hng v 30% t
nh Vit Nam c c cu hoa ph
ny. Ngoi ra, cc sn phm hoa t cc n
phi chu thu nhp khu
BIU 4.8: KIM NG
31
trong nc, ngnh sn xut hoa Lt khng ngng v
ng rng ln y tim nng, k c vic chinh phc nhng th tr
t Bn, Singapore, i Loan, Trung Quc, Thi Lan, EU, Australia
: CC TH TRNG CA HOA LT XUT KHU
Ngun: S cng thng Lm
Theo cc chuyn gia ngnh hoa Nht Bn v Ty u, vi c cu trn 35
30% tng din tch trng hoa cc, Lt Lm
u hoa ph hp vi th hiu nhp khu hoa
n phm hoa t cc nc ang pht trin nhp khu v
: KIM NGCH XUT KHU HOA LT TI CC TH
TRNG
Ngun: Phng kinh t
t khng ngng vn ti
ng rng ln y tim nng, k c vic chinh phc nhng th trng kh
c, Thi Lan, EU, Australia
T XUT KHU
ng Lm ng
n 35-40% tng
Lm ng cng
p vi th hiu nhp khu hoa ca cc nc
c ang pht trin nhp khu vo EU khng
T TI CC TH
Phng kinh t Lt
Nhng nm qua, vic xut khu hoa
l lng hoa xut khu c ch yu l
nh Cng ty Hasfarm, Cng ty Boniefarm chi
Cc cng ty xut khu hoa tr
Hasfarm) t trn 9,1 triu USD nm 2008, chi
ton tnh; cng ty TNHH Apollo
Cng ngh Sinh hc Rng Hoa L
TNHH Hoa lan Lm Thng, cng ty TNHH Vi
n di 3% tng kim ngch xu
BIU 4.9: CC CNG TY XU
T nhng thng tin v s li
c nhng kt qu vt tri, tuy nhin ng
phi i mt vi nhng vn
Sn phm hoa
xut khu trc tip hng nm c
vn u t nc ngoi thc hin.
32
ng nm qua, vic xut khu hoa Lt tuy c nhng thay i, nhng m
c ch yu l ca cc cng ty ln c vn u t
nh Cng ty Hasfarm, Cng ty Boniefarm chim t l 98%.
u hoa trc tip c th k n l cng ty TNHH Agrivina (Dalat
u USD nm 2008, chim trn 90% kim ngch xu
nh; cng ty TNHH Apollo t trn 238 ngn USD, chim 2,3%; cc cng ty CP
ng Hoa Lt, cng ty TNHH Hoa Trng Xun, cng ty
TNHH Hoa lan Lm Thng, cng ty TNHH Vit Nam Thnh Cng chi
ch xut khu hoa.
CC CNG TY XUT KHU HOA L
Ngu
liu nu trn, ta thy rng ngnh sn xut hoa L
i, tuy nhin ngi dn v doanh nghip sn xu
nan gii:
n phm hoa Lt hin nay vn tiu th ni a l chnh, s
ng nm cn rt khim tn v phn ln do cc doanh nghip c
c hin.
ng mt thc t
a cc cng ty ln c vn u t nc ngoi
n l cng ty TNHH Agrivina (Dalat
ch xut khu hoa
m 2,3%; cc cng ty CP
ng Xun, cng ty
t Nam Thnh Cng chim t 0,09%
LT
Ngun: Kho st
t hoa Lt t
n xut hoa cng
chnh, sn phm hoa
n ln do cc doanh nghip c
33
Vn lin kt, hp tc cng pht trin gia cc nh sn xut, gia sn
xut vi th trng, gia khoa hc v thc tin sn xut, gia c ch nh nc vi i
sng vn cn ang cn gp nhiu hn ch.
Tnh cht nh l, manh mn th hin rt r li sn xut t pht ca cc
nng h, dn n tnh trng hoa Lt khng kh nng p ng c nhng hp
ng xut khu vi nhng yu cu nghim ngt v s lng v cht lng.
Sn xut hoa tng nhanh v sn lng, chng loi nhng gi tr gia tng ca
hoa Lt vn cn thp, cha to ra c chui gi tr lm c s ca mt li th cnh
tranh vng chc trong xut khu hoa ra th trng th gii.
34
5.Phn tch chui cung ng hoa Lt
5.1.Cc yu t u vo:
Thc t, hiu qu sn xut hoa ct cnh ph thuc vo cc yu t:
Nhng iu kin t nhin: nh sng, nc ti, t sch, thi tit thun li;
Ging ph hp v ngun gc tt;
Vn u t;
Lao ng c tay ngh;
Hiu bit tt v k thut;
T chc, qun l tt;
Nng dc v cc ha cht cn thit khc;
C s h tng;
35
Nhn thc tt v bo qun cht lng trong qu trnh sn xut cng nh sau thu
hoch.
Trong , ta nhn thy rng cc yu t u vo nh: t ai, ngun nc, ngun ging,
phn bn, thuc tr su ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong vic quyt nh cht lng
hoa ct cnh. Di y l nhng c im chnh ca cc yu t u vo ti Lt-Lm
ng.
5.1.1.Qu t
Theo bo co ca Phng nng nghip thnh ph Lt, din tch gieo trng hoa ca
Lt nm 2011 l 3631 ha tng 8% so vi nm 2010, chim 66,67% din tch hoa ca
tnh Lm ng. Trong , din tch hoa c trng trong nh li nh knh l 1.242,1 ha.
BNG 5.1: DIN TCH GIEO TRNG HOA CC A PHNG TNH
LM NG
Din tch
(ha)
Nm
2007
Nm
2008
Nm
2009
Nm
2010
Nm
2011
Tnh
Lm ng
2970 3359 4263 5127 5495
Thnh
ph Lt
1584 1908 2557 3364 3631
Huyn
Lc Dng
168 208 332 397 484
Huyn
c Trng
1105 1083 1227 1254 1209
Ngun: S thng k Lm ng
5.1.2.Ngun nc
Ngun nc trng hoa Lt ch yu da vo cc sui, h t nhin hoc ao, ging
nhn to. Sn lng hoa cng nh chu k trng hoa nh hng nhiu bi yu t lng
ma, c bit vi cc loi hoa ngn ngy nh Cc, Lay-n.
36
BNG 5.2: CC YU T KH HU NM 2011 LT
Thng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lng
ma
3,1 70,5 135,1 248,7 166,7 162,9 219,5 199,7 298,7 265,7 77,6 0,9

m(%)
81 80 80 84 88 87 90 91 92 89 84 84
Nhit

14,8 17,2 18,3 19,4 19,3 19,5 18,9 19,1 18,5 18,3 17,8 16,7
Ngun: S nng nghip Lm ng
T bng s liu, ta nhn thy kh hu Lt phn ha thnh 2 ma r rt l ma ma
v ma kh. m trung bnh tng i cao, kt hp vi kh hu mt m, rt thch hp
cho vic trng nhng ging hoa n i. Tuy nhin ma kh ko di nhiu ngy d dn
n tnh trng thiu nc ti cho khu vc.
5.1.3.Ngun ging
BIU 5.3: TNH HNH S DNG GING CC NNG H
Ngun: kho st 2012
Theo kt qu kho st, ngun gc s dng ging trong cc h nng dn ch yu t cc
c s sn xut t nhn, hoc do h t t chc m v cung ng cho cc h khc. a s
nng dn thng da vo uy tn ca cc c s cung cp quyt nh mua ging.
Theo xu hng mi, hin nay cng tc nhn ging ng dng mt s k thut mi
nh: vi thy canh (micro phonics), nhn ging invitroTheo ti liu iu tra ca Trung
70%
10%
6.66%
13.33%
Mua cc c s t
nhn
Mua ca trung tm
ging
Nhp khu
T nhn ging
37
tm nghin cu Khoai ty-rau-hoa Lt, 75% nng h Lt cho bit h thch dng
ging nhp ni, 25% c khuynh hng d dt a ging mi v sn xut do cha chn
chc am hiu k thut trng trt; 63,5% nng h cho bit h sn sng mua ging khi nhn
thy rng s bn c gi cao khi thu hoch.
Hoa cc, cm chng: c nhn ging bng k thut cy m bng phng php ta
chi:
Cy do ta chi thng mc kho nn m bo tnh cht ca cy m cho hoa tt.
Mun c nhiu chi non tt cn vun gc v chm sc cy m y .
Hoa hng: hin nay cc ging hoa hng c trng ph bin ti Lt l: ,
H lan, Php, Xanh du (hng xanh), T mui(hoa chm), Vng titi, Trng xanh,
Song h...Cc ging ny hu ht c nhp ni trong nhng nm gn y, cho nng sut
cao v cht lng bng tt, p ng c nhng yu cu khc nhau ca th trng tiu
th. V c im sinh thi th thch hp vi iu kin kh hu, th nhng Lt.
Hoa lys: ging nhp ni t H Lan, Nht Bn vi gi rt cao. Phn ln lng vn ca
ngi trng lys nm c ging,thng c hai loi l lys trng v lys mu.
Hoa lay-n: ngun ging t c hoa sau khi thu hoch.
Hoa ng tin: ging nhp ni t H Lan, mu sc a dng, phong ph.
5.1.4.Phn bn
Phn bn c cung cp t cc ca hng thuc bo v thc vt phn b ri rc v
rng khp trn a bn Lt. Cc loi phn thng gp l: NPK, phn vi lng b sung,
Vi, Phn hu c vi sinh, phn hu c v cc loi phn bn l. Ty tng loi phn, tng
thi im m c cch bn phn khc nhau. Nhn chung cc h nng dn tng i nm
vng quy trnh, phng thc bn tng loi phn v s dng kh hiu qu, tuy nhin do
nm a th cao v ngnh chn nui hn ch nn thng xuyn xy ra hin tng khan
him phn hu c. iu ny dn n vic bn nhiu phn v c dn n hin tng t b
thoi ha, ra tri.
38
5.1.5.Thuc tr su
Su bnh hi cy trng lun l vn mun thu ca nh nng, v ngnh trng hoa
cng khng trnh khi vn nn ny. Vic s dng thuc bo v thc vt tiu dit su
hi hoa l rt ph bin, tuy nhin cc tiu chun dng hoa thng khng phc tp nh
rau, qu hoc cc loi nng sn thc phm trc tip khc. Hn na, vic p dng trng
hoa trong nh knh cng hn ch phn no tc ng ca su hi.Tuy nhin, cc h nng
dn thng s dng thuc tr su mt cch ty tin. Theo kho st, c 30% s h nng
dn s dng thuc tr su theo hng dn ca cn b nng nghip, phn cn li l do t
tm hiu, hc hi ln nhau hoc c s hng dn ca ngi bn hoc trn bao b sn
phm.
5.2.Quy m
Hot ng sn xut hoa hin nay Lt ch yu l quy m h gia nh. Din tch
trng hoa ca cc h dao ng t 1000m
2
n 5000m
2
, mt s t h c quy m trn
5000m
2
. i a s nng dn cn thiu vn u t ng dng khoa hc k v cc cng
ngh mi, mc u t pht trin sn xut thp, cha cn i Din tch p dng cng
ngh mi cn chim t l thp, thiu tp trung, khng ng b gy rt nhiu kh khn
cho cng tc qun l v gim sc thu ht i vi doanh nghip, cha to c ng lc
pht trin cng ngh ch bin.
5.3.Phng thc v trnh canh tc
Nng h tng cng kin thc sn xut hoa ch yu qua knh tham gia cu lc b
khuyn nng v knh truyn hnh- i pht thanh. Cc hot ng mang tnh cht h trc
tip cho nng dn nh tham gia tp hun, tip xc thng xuyn vi khuyn nng, tham
gia hi tho khuyn nng v hi tho u b trc tip nm bt k thut sn xut, cc
kinh nghim, cc khoa hc k thut mi t l c tham gia cn thp; t l ny l
48,33% /46,67% /20%.
Cc loi hoa Lt ch yu c trng trong nh knh c trang b h thng ti t
ng. Nh vy, cng ti tiu gim c nhiu nh h thng phun nc t ng, lng
nc cn thit cng gim nhiu gip cc h nng dn c th gieo trng trong ma kh.
39
Nh knh gip cch ly vn hoa khi nhiu loi su bnh v hn ch s pht tn ca
c di, nh vy lng thuc bo v thc vt s dng cng gim bt. Ngoi ra, phn bn
s dng cng hiu qu hn do khng b ra tri. Theo kho st, gi hoa trng trong nh
knh vi cc loi nh Cc, Hng t hn gi khng c trng trong nh knh khong
30%. Nguyn nhn l do hoa c trng trong nh knh thng to hn, mu sc m v
lu tn hn.
BNG 5.4: CC LOI HOA PH BIN C TRNG LT
Loi hoa T l nh
knh
T l ti
nc t ng
T l ti
nc thm nh
git
H thng
chiu sng
Hoa cc 93% 53,33% 0% 100%
Hoa hng 100% 88% 12% 0%
Hoa ng
tin
100% 45% 12% 0%
Hoa Lys 100% 13,33% 86,66% 0
Hoa lay-n 0 23% 0 0
(Ngun:S nng nghip Lt)
Tiu chun nh knh:
Theo s nng nghip v pht trin nng thn tnh Lm ng, hin nh knh trng hoa
vn cha c tiu chun c th.Cc h nng nghip mun lm nh knh thng trc tip
khon cho cc c s cung cp dch v v thng tham gia vo qu trnh qun l.V gi
thnh nh knh th vi khung tre, gi dao ng t 30.000/m2 n 40.000/m2 cn i
vi khung st th t 80.000/m2 n 100.000/m2.
H thng nc ti
Ngun nc ch yu sui hoc ao nhn to do my bm nc ht ln theo ng
ng n trc tip vn hoa, ph thuc rt ln vo lng ma v mc nc ngm. C 2
phng thc ti: ti th cng, ti t ng phun sng v thm nh git.
40
Ti th cng:
Thng c p dng bi cc h trng hoa xen canh vi trng rau. Cn t vn u t
nhng i hi phi b nhiu cng sc ti, ng thi lng nc tiu th nhiu nhng li
khng ng u.
Ti t ng phun sng v thm nh git:
H thng ti phun sng trn v ng dn nh git c chn di t. H thng
phun sng gip nc c phn b u trn b mt duy tr m trong nh knh, ng
dn nh git gip hnh thnh vng r tch cc tp trung xung quanh ng dn. R tp trung
trong vng t xc nh v qua tit kim c nng lng ca cy trng, nng cao
hiu qu ca vic hp thu nc v cht dinh dng v pht trin m v thng
thong ti u cho t. C di b hn ch pht trin vng kh qua hn ch cng nh
c, chi ph tiu dit c di.
Thi gian chiu sng b sung
Theo tiu chun ca trung tm nng nghip thnh ph Lt, vic chiu sng b
sung ch p dng vi hoa Cc do cy pht trin thun li trong iu kin nh sng ngy
di. Do , khi trng hoa cc ti Lt cn ngun chiu sng b sung vi trung bnh
1ha cn khong 250 bng n. Ch chiu sng b sung mi m t 4-5gi ty theo
ma v, ging. Thi gian chiu sng b sung t thng 3-8 l 4h/m, v thng 9-2 l
2h/m. Thi gian chiu sng yu cu thng t 25-35 ngy n khi cy t cao va
.Cc h nng dn u s dng loi n hunh quang tit kim in v 100% s h
chuyn canh hoa Cc c h thng chiu sng.
5.4.Thu hoch v ng gi
Gi ca hoa ct cnh c xc nh bi cht lng ca chng ti thi im bn ch
khng phi thi im thu hoch. Khi n tay ngi tiu dng, cht lng hoa b gim i,
iu cng c ngha l li nhun ca ngi nng dn cng gim st. V th, nhm gim
thiu ri ro, vic quan tm n nhit trong qu trnh bo qun l yu t rt cn thit.
Hoa ct cnh rt d h sau thu hoch. Hoa sau khi thu hoch vn l nhng c th sng,
chng tip tc tng trng v h hp. Mun bo m hoa ti ta phi ct khng qu sm
41
cng khng qu mun. Bo qun lnh l bin php hiu qu ang c p dng. Nhit
gi kho lnh thng 1-2
o
C. m cng l nhn t kh quan trng, m khong 90-
95% c th bo m cht lng hoa sau khi ct. Mun gi c m cao cn phi gim
s ln m, mt khc phi t bit ch trong khu bao gi.
BNG 5.5: NHIT V THI GIAN BO QUN HOA THCH HP
Loi hoa Nhit Thi gian(ngy)
Ct kh Ct m Ct kh Ct m
Cc 0 2-3 20-30 13-15
Hng 0.5-1 1-2 14-15 4-5
Lay-n 4-6 7-10
Cm chng 0-1 1-4 60-90 3-5
BNG 5.6:THNH PHN THUC BO QUN HOA THNG DNG
Loi hoa Thnh phn thuc
Cc ng 3%+ acetat thy ngn 25mg/l + axit citric 73mg/l
Hng ng 3%+ nitrat thy ngn 2,5mg/l+ mui sunphat 130mg/l + axit
citric 200mg/l
Lay-n ng 3%-6%+mui sunphat 200mg+600mg/l
Cm
chng
ng 5% +mui sunphat 200mg/l + acetat thy ngn 50mg/l
Ngun: Gio s Trn Vn Mo-2001
Gia hoa ngn ngy v di ngy cng c s khc bit v cch thu hoch v bo qun :
Cc loi hoa ngn ngy: thng do ngi thu mua trc tip thu hoch v ng gi.
Phng thc bo qun thng n gin i vi s lng nh bao gm ct ta s v ng
gi vo thng carton. Khi hoa c vn chuyn ti cc c s ch bin ln, cc va hoa
th c th c bo qun trong phng lnh nhit di 10 C.
42
Cc loi hoa di ngy: thng c h nng dn thu hoch cch ngy v bo qun
n gin bng cch ct ta v ng vo thng carton. Thng th i vi 1000 mt vung
hoa hng s cung cp khong 300 cnh hoa mi ngy. H nng dn s trc tip gi hoa
xung cc u mi ti cc thnh ph ln nh H Th K (Tp. H Ch Minh), Nha Trang,
Nng.
Ngoi ra, mt iu cng cn c quan tm l phng tin dng vn chuyn
hoa.Hoa sau khi thu hoch, nng h u b thnh tng b ln hay nh t 5-10 cnh ty
loi hoa, c loi b vo nilon, c loi b vo thng, sau c cht ln xe, xe ch hoa
l cc xe ti, xe khch, khng c xe chuyn dng (xe lnh). cng l nguyn nhn gii
thch v sao hoa ca nng hsn xut n tay ngi tiu dng thng b nh gi cht
lng km hn nhiu so vi hoa ca Lt-Hasfarm.
5.5.Tiu th
Th trng ni a c hin tng bo ho, thm ch c lc cung vt cu i vi
cc loi hoa dp l, tt nh hoa hng v hoa lys, dn n tnh trng gi c rt thp lm nh
hng n thu nhp ca ngi sn xut. So vi ngh trng hoa trn th gii th thu nhp
ca ngi trng hoa Lt thp hn rt nhiu.
BNG 5.7: KT QU KHO ST CC NNG H
Tiu ch T l
La chn a im tiu th hoa 23,33%
T nh gi cho hoa 13,33%
Ln k hoch trng hoa theo ma v 66,67%
Ln k hoch trng hoa theo i tng 16,67%
Tm kim th trng qua TV, i bo 16,67%
Tm kim th trng qua Internet 6,67%
Tham gia cc l hi, ch hoa 56,67%
Ngun: Kho st nm 2012
Theo kho st, cc h nng dn rt b ng trong vic tm kim th trng tiu th hoa.
Vic ln k hoch trng hoa kh ph bin nhng ch dng li mc trng theo ma
43
v. Cc h ln k hoch trng hoa chi tit, c thng qua vic tm hiu th trng v a
im phn phi thng trng cc loi hoa cht lng tt, gi thnh cao hn so vi hoa
cng loi nhm m bo u ra, y cng l nhng h c ngun vn mnh v knh phn
phi rng.
BNG 5.8: BNG PHN B CC KNH TIU TH HOA
Knh
Thi
gian
Chi ph T l
Loi hoa ph
bin
Nng h=> Ngi tiu dng
Rt
Ngn
Rt t 6,67% Lys
Nng h=>Ngi bn l=> Ngi
tiu dng
Ngn t 13,33%
Hng, ng
tin, Lys
Nng h=> Ch u mi =>Ngi
bn l=>Ngi tiu dng
Trung
bnh
Trung
bnh
20%
Cc, Hng,
ng tin
Nng h=> Ngi thu mua => Ch
u mi =>Ngi bn l => Ngi tiu
dng
Di Ln 60% Cc, Lay-n
Ngun: kho st 2012
Knh phn phi ti u cho ngi sn xut hoa Lt l knh 1, knh 2. Tuy nhin,
knh 1 ch ph hp vi cc hoa cht lng cao nh hoa lys, do y l hoa cao cp, gi
thnh cao nn ngi tiu dng thng t mua hoa s lng nh. Knh 2 ny ch ph hp
vi cc loi hoa di ngy nh hoa hng, ng tin, do lng hoa thu hoch lin tc trong
nm nn cc nng h thng bt mi vi cc shop hoa v phn phi khong 100 n 200
cnh 1 ngy. Knh 3 v 4 qua nhiu trung gian v thi gian phn phi lu ph hp vi
cc loi hoa di ngy, tiu th lin tc quanh nm nh hoa cc, hoa lay-n. y l knh
thng gp nht do t l trng cc loi hoa ny nhiu, hn na cc nng dn thng
khng n lc tm kim th trng tiu th nn phi thng qua nhiu trung gian phn phi.
Vi nh gi trn, knh phn phi ti u cho ngi sn xut hoa Lt l knh 1, knh 2.
44
Tuy nhin phn phi qua knh th 1 v th 2 th phi c mt lc mnh c v ti chnh,
hiu bit v th trng.
5.6. Khch hng v giao dch
Nh kt qu kho st thy c t bng phn phi knh tiu th hoa trn, khch
hng trc tip ca ngi nng dn bao gm ngi tiu dng, ngi bn l, ch u mi,
ngi thu mua. Tuy nhin, khch hng mua hoa trc tip t nng dn chim a s vn l
nhng ngi thu mua (chim t l 60%). Nhng ngi thu mua ny mi chnh l ngi
quyt nh gi trn th trng ch khng phi l ngi nng dn.
Mi nh vn u c c s giao dch quen bit gi hng theo phng thc nhn
hng trc, tr tin sau tu theo gi th trng vo thi im thanh ton. y chnh l
tnh trng khng sng phng trong mua bn, v ni cho cng gi c do ch va quyt nh
nhng nh vn buc lng phi chp nhn. iu ng quan tm l tt c cc nh vn
trng hoa Lt u coi y l mt quy lut, khng cn phi thay i g c.
5.7. Hp ng v thanh ton
BIU 5.9: GI HOA TI VN TRUNG BNH TRONG THNG TI
LT
Ngun: Kho st
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Cc
Hng
Lay-n
Cm Chng
ng Tin
45
Din bin gi mua ti vn i vi hoa ngn ngy: Vi cc loi hoa ngn ngy nh
cc, lay-n, ng tin, cm chng, cc h nng dn thng c li bun t tm n
vn v mua c vn. Ga bn thng do li bun t t ra theo phng thc gi u.
Phng thc ny m bo tiu th c ht hoa nhng ri ro v pha nng h cao, i
khi li bun bo gi thp hn c gi vn khin nh vn phi thng lng nng gi. Gi
hoa trung bnh t 700-800/cnh ti vn i vi hoa cc,1200-1500/cnh i vi hoa
lay-n,800-1000/cnh vi hoa ng tin v 1200-1300/cnh vi hoa cm chng.
Chnh lch gi ca cc loi hoa ny trong nm khng ln bi ngun cu u n t th
trng v lng cung n nh. Ring i vi hoa lys l hoa ngn ngy cao cp gi bin
ng rt mnh v thng c gi trn150.000/cnh.
Din bin gi mua ti vn i vi hoa di ngy (hng): Vi hoa hng, do l hoa
canh tc lu nm nn cc h nng dn u c trung gian cc ch u mi ln ti Tp.H
Ch Minh, Nha Trang, Nng v.v. Hoa hng c thu hoch cch ngy v lin tc
trong c nm, do lng hoa cung cp thng khng thay i trong khi nhu cu th
trng li din bin phc tp, c bit l trong cc dp l tt. Gi hoa thp nht l
500/bng vo ngy thng v ln n 6000/-7000/bng trong cc dp l (14-2, 8-3,
20-11).
Do kin thc v php lut hp ng cn hn ch, thm vo l do tnh th ng ca
ngi nng dn, nn cc giao dch mua bn gia nng dn v khch hng thng khng
qua mt hp ng no ht, v nu c chng th ch nhng loi hoa t tin, c gi tr
ln nh hoa lys, nhng tt c cng ch l hp ng vit tay, vi nhng iu khon tha
thun s si gia 2 bn mua v bn. Chnh v vy, ngi nng dn thng ch dm la
chn v mua bn vi nhng mi hng quen thuc. Thm ch tha thun ming cng ch
mang tnh hnh thc, v gi c thc t vn do nhng ngi thu gom t nh ra theo bin
ng ca th trng v nng dn thng chp nhn gi do ngi thu gom a ra mt cch
b ng do li theo di th trng v xem nh cch nh gi ny nh l mt cch truyn
thng.
Ngoi ra, cc nng h vn thanh ton theo phng thc chuyn tin qua bu in, ch
mt s t h c thanh ton qua chuyn khon ngn hng hoc cc phng thc thanh
46
ton hin i khc. Hoa hng c thanh ton theo chu k 15 ngy hoc 1 thng. V
chnh v do cch thc tha thun gi c nh trn, cc nng h ch c bit gi sau khi
nhn c tin chuyn.
5.8.Cht lng sn phm v chng thc
Thnh tu gn vi nhng bc pht trin nhanh trong nhng nm qua chng t
ngnh hoa l mt trong nhng lnh vc kinh t quan trng ca Lt - Lm ng, rt
xng ng c ch trng u t pht trin. Tuy nhin, do cha p ng c vi nhng
i hi v k thut cng nh s cnh tranh trn thng trng cng vi nhng kh
khn, thch thc trong giai on hi nhp kinh t quc t khin cho ngnh hoa Lt
cha th pht trin xng tm vi s u i ln t thin nhin.
So snh vi s pht trin ngnh hoa ca th gii trong nhng nm va qua, Vit Nam
hon ton khng thua km v tc pht trin tuy cha th snh v quy m hay cht lng
sn phm. Nhiu cng ty nc ngoi n Lm ng u t sn xut, p dng cng
ngh tin tin v ging, k thut canh tc v ch ng tiu th sn phm nhm mc ch khai
thc tim nng v y mnh s pht trin ngnh hoa ni y. Cng t , ngi trng hoa
Lt Lm ng tng bc tip xc vi khoa hc k thut v lm quen dn vi m hnh
hp tc sn xut hoa cng cc doanh nghip.
Ngnh hoa Lt ni ring v Vit Nam ni chung ang i mt vi rt nhiu kh
khn v th thch. Cht lng hoa thng phm thp l hu qu ca vic thoi ho ging
do chnh nng dn s dng ngun ging t sn xut qu lu v khng c phc trng.
Ngoi ra vn bo qun sau thu hoch, ng gi sn phm, thit k bao b vn cha
thc hin tt, phn no lm gim cht lng hoa cch nghim trng.
5.9.Thng hiu, nhn hiu
Hin nay, hoa Lt c th trng trong nc v khu vc bit n l mt
thng hiu hoa ni ting.Nhng cc doanh nghip, h sn xut kinh doanh vn cha
47
nh gi ht tm quan trng ca thng hiu, mt yu t c vai tr quyt nh n s
sng cn ca sn phm khi lu thng trn th trng.
C n 86,66% s nng h Lt cho bit hoa bn ra khng s dng thng
hiu. iu ny l do sn xut hoa vn cn nh l, khng c s lin kt r rng gia cc h
trng hoa. Vic tiu th ph thuc qua trung gian nhiu, c bit l vi cc loi hoa bnh
dn nh hoa Cc, hoa Hng thng ph thuc vo thng li nhiu.Vi hoa Lys, mt s
h trng quy m ln thng xuyn cung cp hoa Lys trc tip theo ng hng khng
hoc thnh lp cng ty nh nhng thng khng ch n vic xy dng thng hiu.
Mt s h thng hiu bt gp l: Tng Vy, Vit T.
Vic tm hiu v th trng, ln k hoch qung co cho vic cung cp hoa hoc
gii thiu sn phm trn cc phng tin i bo, website cn rt hn ch. C 56,67% s
h cho bit c tham gia chng trnh festival hoa bng cch lp hp tc x hoc quyn
gp hoa trc tip, tuy nhin khi c hi v c hi tm kim bn hng trc tip ti
Festival hoa th tt c u cho rng khng tm c. Cc hp tc x hoa ch mc s
khai hoc khng c, hot ng ch bao gm vic gii thiu ging mi hoc hp nh k
hng thng.
Khi c hi v ni tiu th hoa, cc h nng dn u ch ra cc th trng ln
nh Tp. H Ch Minh, Nha Trang, Nng.Tuy nhin, cc nng h khng nm c
nhng thng tin v xut khu hoa, v qu trnh xut thng xy ra Tp.H Ch Minh qua
cc bn trung gian.
Thng 6/2011, UBND tnh ra quyt nh v vic ban hnh Quy ch qun l v s
dng nhn hiu chng nhn nhn hiu Hoa Lt v giao UBND TP Lt xc tin
thc hin vic ng k. V ngy 26/12/2011, hoa Lt c Cc S hu tr tu cp
ng k chng nhn nhn hiu vi ch s hu l UBND thnh ph Lt. iu ny c
ngha l t nay tr i, nhng sn phm hoa c trng ti Lt v vng ph cn, t
tiu chun theo yu cu s c dn nhn chng nhn nhn hiu Hoa Lt bn cnh
thng hiu ca c nhn ngi trng. Nhn hiu Hoa Lt c cp cho nhng doanh
48
nghip, c nhn trng hoa p ng c cc yu cu v quy trnh sn xut v cht lng
sn phm, bo m danh ting cho vng hoa v quyn li cho ngi tiu dng. V ngi
yu hoa s yn tm vi sn phm mnh mua hn khi nhn thy nhn hiu chng nhn xut
x ca hoa, yn tm v c thng thc ng nhng bng hoa cht lng cao c
trng trn cao nguyn hoa.
Tin mng va ti, trong nhng ngy cui cng ca nm, c 2 c s c
UBND TP Lt cp nhn hiu Hoa Lt cho sn phm ca mnh. Trong 3 nm ti,
cnh logo ca c s, nhn hiu trn s c s dng, tng tnh cnh tranh v khng nh
thng hiu cho sn phm. V nhng doanh nghip, ngi trng hoa no t chun cng
s c c s dng nhn hiu trn khng nh v th ca mnh trn th trng.
Thng hiu Hoa Lt c xc nh, quan trng l s c duy tr v pht trin
nh th no trong thi gian ti.
Nh vy, y cng l mt gii php kh thi cho mt s h trng hoa Lt. H
khng cn phi loay hoay trong vic t to ra cho mnh mt thng hiu hoa ring,
nhng nu vic trng hoa c m bo theo ng tiu chun v cht lng hoa t
chun th nhn hiu Hoa Lt s c s dng thay cho thng hiu ring. Bn cnh
, cc h trng hoa nu mun, h cng c th xy dng mt thng hiu c nhn i km
vi nhn hiu Hoa Lt. Hay ni chnh xc hn, nhn hiu Hoa Lt chnh l
mt s chng nhn v cht lng hoa gip ngi tiu dng an tm hn khi mua hoa v
ngi sn xut c ch ng vng chc hn trn th trng.
6. nh hng, mc tiu pht trin ca Thnh ph Lt n nm 2015
6.1.Mc tiu pht trin
ngnh hoa ngy cng pht trin, gn lin vi thng hiu hoa Lt Lm ng,
to ra nhiu sn phm c sc cnh tranh trn th trng trong nc, trong khu vc v th
gii, chng ta cn pht huy tim nng, th mnh kh hu, t ai v kinh nghim ca
nng dn to ra cc sn phm hoa c cht lng cao. Mc tiu trong thi gian ti cn
tp trung:
49
u t c trng im, quy hoch pht trin vng sn xut hoa cht lng cao ti
thnh ph Lt, huyn Lc Dng gm lyli, ct tng, hoa hng, cc, cm chng,
glyan, a lan, vng sn xut hoa c Trng, n Dng vi cc loi hoa cc ct
cnh, lyli, thch tho, hng mn, lan v n, h ip; Di Linh v th x Bo Lc vi cc
sn phm hoa bn n i nh v n, h ip, vanda, dendrobium v cc loi l ph
liu. Kt hp cht ch ngun lc v con ngi, c s vt cht gn kt hiu qu qu
trnh nghin cu khoa hc vi vic sn xut hoa trn a bn tnh Lm ng.
C chnh sch ph hp khuyn khch mi thnh phn kinh t, c bit l cc t
chc sn xut ngoi quc doanh tham gia pht trin ngnh hoa theo quy hoch pht trin
chung ca tnh. Ch trng pht trin ca loi hnh doanh nghip va v nh, cc t hp
tc, hp tc x trong sn xut v to ra cc sn phm hoa sy kh, hoa nhum mu c
gi tr cao
Khuyn khch cc t chc, c nhn trong v ngoi nc tham gia u t sn xut,
tm kim th trng tiu th hoa vi mc tiu sn xut cc loi hoa th trng cn
trnh d tha sn phm, gi khng n nh.
Quy hoch vng sn xut cc loi hoa c th ti tng a phng trn c s xy
dng cc n chuyn nhm s dng c hiu qu ti nguyn t, bo m pht trin
bn vng. Tp trung u t pht trin sn xut cc loi hoa c cht lng cao, ph hp
vi nhu cu th trng trong nc v xut khu.
6.2.nh hng pht trin
Duy tr din tch hoa t 3.200 - 4.000 ha gieo trng, tng cng sn xut cc loi hoa
cao cp, cc loi hoa c th ca Lt nh hoa a lan cymbidium, lyli, ct tng, hoa
hng vi sn lng hoa t t 1,2 1,5 t cnh/nm, sn lng xut khu 25-30%.
c th xy dng c cc vng hoa chuyn canh c bit l nhng loi hoa cao
cp c sn xut theo hng cng nghip p ng c s lng, cht lng ca th
trng trong nc v quc t tnh Lm ng ni chung v cc a phng sn xut hoa
ni ring cn xc tin mt s cng vic ch yu di y:
50
Trn c s quy hoch tng th v t ai v s dng t ai c chnh ph ph
duyt, thc hin quy hoch ngay nhng vng hoa chuyn canh mang li th ca tng
vng v quy hoch vng chuyn canh cho tng loi hoa kt hp vi cc h thng h tng
k thut i km c th sn xut c mt lng hng ha ln theo tiu chun ca th
trng khu vc v quc t.
Xy dng v hon thin quy trnh k thut da trn c s khoa hc, m bo cho vic
ng dng cng ngh cao trong sn xut hoa cao cp theo hng quy m cng nghip.
C chnh sch thu ht u t mnh hn na t cc doanh nghip trong nc v quc
t nht l cc doanh nghip u t vo nng nghip nng thn, to iu kin thun li
nht cho cc doanh nghip u t vo sn xut cc loi hoa cao cp theo hng cng
nghip ph hp vi th trng.
Thnh lp cc ch u mi, kho bi, s ch, ng gi, bo qun cc sn phm hoa
phc v ni tiu v xut khu. y mnh hn na hot ng ca Hip hi Hoa Lt v
ch u mi cc doanh nghip sn xut rau hoa qu cng nh cc h sn xut c iu
kin nm bt thng tin th trng v tin hnh tiu th sn phm c tt hn nng
cao hiu sn xut.
Cn phi u t mnh vo c s h tng, xc tin th trng thng qua cc doanh
nghip u t trong nc v ngoi nc. Cn c cc chnh sch u i v t ai, thu
doanh nghip, o to ngun lc gip cc doanh nghip, cc trang tri, h nng dn c
iu kin u t vo sn xut.
u t mnh m vo cng tc nghin cu chn to ging hoa mang bn quyn Vit
Nam trn c s kt hp cng ngh truyn thng v cng ngh sinh hc hin i. Gii
php trc mt c th nhp ging hoc mua bn quyn ca cc nc tin tin p ng
nhu cu sn xut hin nay nhm gy to th trng v thng hiu hoa Lt, gp phn
chuyn dch c cu kinh t theo hng tng t trng sn xut cc loi hoa cht lng cao,
y mnh xut khu cc lai hoa cao cp.
51
y mnh ng dng khoa hc k thut cng ngh vo sn xut nhm nng cao gi tr
sn xut trn mt n v din tch, nng cao thu nhp cho nng dn v sc cnh tranh ca
nng sn hng ho trn th trng.
7.Phn tch SWOT v chui cung ng hoa Lt
SWOT
S1: Ngi dn c
kinh nghim trng hoa
lu i, l c s quan
trng ngi dn c
th tip tc gn b vi
ngh, ng thi tip
thm ng lc h tm
kim cc phng php
trng hoa hon thin
hn.
S2: Thng hiu
Hoa Lt t lu to
c n tng tt i
vi ngi tiu dng
S3: iu kin t
nhin Lt cc k
thch hp cho vic trng
hoa, c th tng nhanh
sn lng p ng
khi nhu cu tng.
S4: Ngi dn
bit ng dng khoa hc
k thut vo quy trnh
sn xut, sng to
nhng gi tr ring cho
hoa Lt
S5: Ngun ging
hoa ti Lt kh n
nh, m bo cung cp
cho ngi dn a
phng cc ging hoa
cht lng cao, phng
nga su bnh, gi
thnh thp v ng thi
sng to nhng ging
W1: Mt s chng
loi ging b thoi
ho, mu sc v bn
km, trong khi cc ging
mi nhp ni cha thun
ho, nhim su bnh
nhiu, mu sc cha
chun.
W2: Cht lng sn
phm hoa cha ng u
lm nh hng n uy tn
v thng hiu hoa
Lt.
W3: Nng dn thiu
vn u t canh tc theo
m hnh nng nghip
cng ngh cao. Trnh
hiu bit ca nng dn v
khoa hc k thut i vi
ngnh trng hoa cha
ng u.
W4: Din tch trng
hoa ca cc nng h
khng lin vng, lin
khonh; a hnh t ai
khng bng phng nn
kh khn cho vic t
chc sn xut theo quy
m ln, chuyn mn ha.
W5: Cng ngh thu
hoch v bo qun hoa
ch mi p dng trong
cc doanh nghip c vn
u t nc ngoi, cn
nng dn vn theo dng
52
hoa mi m ch
Lt mi c.
S6: Ngi dn trng
hoa ang c tip thu
nhng kin thc mi m
t cc phng tin
truyn thng nh bo,
i, Internet, d dng
nm bt xu hng ca
th trng hn.
truyn thng l ch yu.
W6: Nng h cn
thiu tnh ch ng khi
thng lng, thanh ton
vi khch hng; phng
thc thanh ton cn hm
cha nhiu ri ro
O1: Mc sng ca ngi Vit
Nam ngy cng tng th nhu cu
lm p, nhu cu trao tng nhng
mn qu ngha cng tng theo..
O2: Thu nhp ca ngi dn
trong nc c xu hng tng cng
to c hi h c th chi nhiu
hn cho vic mua hoa.
O3: Vit Nam ang ngy cng
hi nhp su v rng vi cc nc
trong khu vc v trn th gii
O4: Nhiu cng ty xut khu
hoa ng dng cng ngh cao trong
sn xut nn y c th l cc hnh
mu cho cc h nng dn v hnh
thnh nn cc lin kt tiu th hoa.
Kt hp S-O
-M rng sn xut
theo hng lin kt
tng sn lng sn xut,
cht lng sn phm
gia tng gi tr sn phm
t chc cc HTX, cc
t hp tc kiu mi
- Xy dng nhn
hiu hng ha trnh
gy nhm ln
Gii php chin
lc:
-Hnh thnh HTX
kiu mi.
-Quy hoch chi tit
vng chuyn canh tng
loi hoa cht lng cao.
-i mi phng
thc sn xut, nht l
khu bo qun sn phm
sau thu hoch, to mu
m sn phm ring bit.
-Tng sn lng hoa
cao cp thng qua p
dng nng nghip cng
ngh cao.
Kt hp O-W:
-y mnh hot ng
cc HTX, doanh nghip
c iu kin.
-a dng ha sn
phm, ch m rng th
phn sn phm trong
nc.
-y mnh chuyn
giao khoa hc k thut,
cng ngh bo qun,
ng gi sn phm v
xc tin th trng cho
sn phm hoa theo hng
cng nghip.
-T chc xc tin
thng mi thm nhp
th trng cao cp, trc
mt l th trng cao cp
trong nc
Hp tc quc t, xc
tin thnh lp cc trung
tm cung ng hoa ti
Lm ng
T1: Gi c th trng hoa cn
rt bp bnh, chnh lch ln khin
cho thu nhp ca h nng dn
cng khng n nh c. Phng
thc thanh ton nhiu ri ro.
T2: Phn bn v cc loi thuc
Kt hp S-T:
-Tp trung sn xut
nhng loi hoa Lt
c th mnh.
-Chun b ng ph
kp thi vi nhng cnh
Kt hp W-T:
-T chc sn xut
ngnh hoa theo hng
cng nghip ph hp.
-Marketing sn phm
hoa
53
tr su nhng nm qua u tng
gi trong khi cht lng li khng
m bo, cng ngy cng c nhiu
loi thuc gi, phn bn gi. iu
ny lm cho chi ph u vo v ri
ro ngy cng cao cho ngi sn
xut hoa.
T3: Hoa Lt s b cnh
tranh mnh m bi cc nc xut
khu hoa trn th gii ngay ti th
trng ni a. Nim tin ca ngi
tiu dng hon ton c th b lung
lay nu sn phm ca chng ta c
cht lng thp hn hay khng
p ng c nhu cu ang thay
i ca khch hng.
T4: H thng thng tin ca
Vit Nam nhn chung cn kh lc
hu so vi cc nc trong khu vc
tranh v gi c, sn
phm, thng hiu.
-Sn xut hoa theo
chun mc quc t.
Gii php chin
lc:.
-Nng cao thng
hiu hoa Lt
-Xy dng vng sn
xut hoa cng ngh cao
theo yu cu th trng.
Gii php chin
lc:
-Tng cng cng tc
khuyn nng.
-Xy dng quy trnh
sn xut ng b cho
tng chng loi hoa.
-Thnh lp trung tm
thng tin th trng.
-Cc nng h lin kt
sn xut
54
CHNG III: GII PHP HON THIN CHUI CUNG NG
HOA LT
C th ni rng sn phm hoa ct cnh ca Lt Lm ng khng nh c
v th ca mnh ti th trng ni a. Vn t ra l mc d hoa Lt kh ni ting
trn th trng trong nc v ngoi nc, sn lng, chng loi hoa kh phong ph, a
dng. nhng ti sao trong hot ng xut khu cn rt hn ch v cng ch bc u
thc hin c mc thm d th trng; vic xut khu hoa Lt ra th trng nc
ngoi hu nh u do cc cng ty c vn u t nc ngoi ti Lt thc hin nh
Hasfarm, Boniefarm.
Vic thc hin tiu th sn phm ti th trng quc t do cc cng ty c vn u t
nc ngoi thc hin c nhiu thun li v h c mt phng thc sn xut v chin lc
kinh doanh c th, c sn i tc cng nh thc hin nghim ngt cc quy trnh sn xut
cng nh cng ngh bo qun sn phm sau thu hoch. Trong khi , i vi cc nh sn
xut v ngi dn trng hoa ti Lt th cn nhiu vn cn phi gii quyt nh:
1.Tng hp mt s vn cn tn ti trong sn xut hoa Lt:
1.1.Nhng hn ch v cc cc yu t u vo, phng thc v trnh canh tc v
kh nng thu hoch, bo qun:
Cc yu t u vo cha c ch trng. Din tch t ai c xu hng phn tn,
khng to ra c vng chuyn canh ln c th p dng ng b khoa hc k thut
vo sn xut.
Khu ging, k thut chm sc, thu hoch, bo qun cha c thc hin ng b.
Cc tiu chun v nguyn tc trong sn xut hoa ca th gii cha c trin khai.
Sn xut hoa vn cha thot khi tnh trng manh mn, nh l, kh nng ti chnh
thp, dn ti kh nng sn xut v tiu th b phn tn.
Phn ln hoa khng c thng hiu, bao b ng gi, giy chng nhn cc tiu
chun v xe lnh vn chuyn.
Nhng hn ch trong khu vn chuyn:
Cc khu trung gian ca chui vn chuyn cha c s kt hp cht ch.
55
Ch mt s cng ty nc ngoi c xe chuyn dng chuyn ch hoa t Lt n
sn bay, phn ln hoa c chuyn ch trn xe ti khng c h thng gi lnh.
Hoa khng c cha trong cc khoang ring, khng m bo c nhit theo
yu cu. Do cht lng thng gim st.
Nhng hn ch trong khu tiu th, tm kim th trng:
Cng tc nghin cu th trng, tm kim khch hng, tm hiu h thng phn phi
hoa nc ngoi, tham gia vo cc ch u gi v trung tm phn phi hoa, cha c
thc hin.
Cha c s lin kt cht ch gia nh cung ng u vo ngi sn xut n v
phn phi sn phm v vy sn phm to ra cht lng cha tht n nh, cha uy tn
trn th trng, sn lng khng cung ng theo n t hng, gi thnh cha c tnh
cnh tranh.
Thng tin hai chiu gia nh sn xut v ngi mua cn hn ch. iu ny dn
n nhng thiu st trong cng tc d bo nhu cu v lp k hoch sn xut, cung ng
sn phm.
Cng tc xy dng v qung b thng hiu nhm gii thiu sn phm n vi
khch hng cha c u t ng mc. Qu trnh dch v h tr khch hng nhm bn
hng cha c quan tm.
Vic qun l chui cung ng hoa cn hn ch dn n sc cnh tranh km, cha
c c nhn hiu cnh tranh nh nhng nc xut khu hoa ra th trng quc t trong
bi cnh hi nhp t chc thng mi quc t.
Ngoi nhng vn c bn trn, cc yu t h tr nh c cu t chc, qun l
ngun nhn lc, k thut - cng ngh, v t chc hu cn mua sm vt t nng nghip,
ging cy trng, v.v. cn hn ch nht nh, dn n cha to ra c mt chui gi tr
ca sn phm v li th cnh tranh i vi sn phm hoa ca a phng.
56
2. xut gii php hon thin chui cung ng hoa Lt
2.1.Hon thin cc yu t u vo
Cung cp cc yu t u vo tt lun c nhng nh hng tch cc n ton b chui
cung ng. Xt tnh hnh hin ti ngnh hoa Lt, cc yu t nh c s h tng vn
hoa, thy li, ging u c th c ci thin bng mt s gii php sau:
- p dng cng ngh k thut cao vo sn xut, ph bin m hnh nh knh vi tiu
chun c th c s nghin cu ca cc trung tm khuyn nng. Vic xy dng mt
tiu chun nh knh ph hp l iu cp bch cn phi c, v din tch canh tc trong
nh knh ngy mt gia tng, trong khi thi gian s dng li ln n hng chc nm.
Cc h thng ti nc phun sng, ti thm gp phn tit kim nc, gim thiu
c di v su bnh, tng cng s pht trin ca b r cn phi c ph bin rng ri
cho nng dn, c bit l cc h trng hoa cht lng cao.
- Xy dng h thng thy li hp l v rng khp trn a bn thnh ph Lt.
Theo nh gi ca tc gi, h thng thy li Lt ch dng li mc phc v
cho du lch. Cc cng trnh phc v cho mc ch nng nghip cn rt t. Mc d c
h thng sui, h t nhin phn b rng khp a bn thnh ph, vic qun l nhng
sui, h ny gp phi nhiu kh khn do ngi dn xy dng v khai thc nc ba
bi khin cho nhiu ngun nc tr nn cn kit hoc nhim trm trng. Mc nc
ngm vo ma kh cng chu nh hng t vic khai thc ba bi khin nhiu vng
canh tc rng ln tr nn hoang ph trong nhiu thng lin tip do thiu nc.
- Nng cao nng lc sn xut ging ca cc Vin, Trung tm nghin cu ng dng
k thut, cc c s sn xut c quy m ln. Nh nc cn h tr u t ngun vn
trong cng tc nghin cu khoa hc, nhp khu, kho nghim, chn to, sn xut th
cc ging hoa mi. M rng quan h hp tc, u t nghin cu ng dng cng ngh
sinh hc trong c lnh vc ging v k thut canh tc hoa. Ch ng nghin cu chn
to ging hoa mang c th ring ca Lt - Lm ng, to sn phm c quyn
ca a phng, c nh vy th mi c sc cnh tranh cao, gi tr hp dn. Thay i
cc ging hoa b thoi ha bng cc ging mi nhp ni c cht lng cao nhm
u t pht trin hoa theo chiu su.
57
2.2.Hon thin phng thc, trnh canh tc
2.2.1.V pha ngi nng dn:
y mnh vic ng dng tin b khoa hc, k thut cng ngh tin tin vo tt c
cc khu trong qu trnh sn xut, tip th v bn hng nng cao nng sut, cht lng
sn phm, trong vic bo qun sn phm sau thu hoach cn ch trng hn.
Hnh thnh cc lin minh sn xut hoa. Trong , nn c bit ch tng cng
quan h quc t v KHCN, hp tc u t nhanh chng m rng th trng xut
khu.
Xy dng cc Hip hi Hoa, ni l cu ni gia ngi sn xut v ngi kinh
doanh, ng thi cng l cu ni gia nhng ngi sn xut vi nhau v gia nhng nh
doanh nghip vi nhau.
2.2.2.V pha cc c quan chc nng:
To ra hnh lang php l ph hp vi chun mc v quy nh quc t v vn
bo h quyn tc gi, vic s dng cc ging hoa nhp ni ng thi tch cc lai tao
thm cc ging hoa mi p ng nhu cu ca th trng.
C k hoch o to, bi dng cho lc lng lao ng ngnh trng hoa tr thnh
nhng k thut vin c kh nng t chc sn xut, tip thu tt thng tin v k thut v
th trng. Nh nc tip tc h tr cac cy ging hoa mi pht trin cc loi hoa
cht lng cao phc v cho th trng ni a v xut khu.
Xy dng m hnh sn xut lin kt gia cc doanh nghip, cc hip hi, nh sn
xut, nh khoa hc c nng lc t chc sn xut, p ng c nhu cu xut
khu v thun li hn trong vic xy dng thng hiu sn phm cng nh ng dng
tin b khoa hc k thut hin i.
Tin hnh quy hoch vng sn xut hoa trn c s iu kin sinh thi tng vng
ph hp vi nhu cu ca th trng tiu th.
Nng cao nng lc sn xut ging ca cc trung tm nghin cu ng dng k
thut, cc c s sn xut c quy m ln. Nh nc phi c s h tr u t ngun vn
58
trong cng tc nghin cu khoa hc, nhp khu, kho nghim, chn to, sn xut th
cc ging hoa mi.
M rng quan h hp tc, u t nghin cu ng dng cng ngh sinh hc trong
c lnh vc ging v k thut canh tc hoa. Ch ng nghin cu chn to ging hoa
mang c th ring ca lt-Lm ng, to sn phm c quyn ca a phng, c
nh vy th mi c sc cnh tranh cao, gi tr hp dn.
2.3.Hon thin khu thu hoch, bo qun
Thc t, trong nhng nm gn y vic sn xut, ng gi cng nh bo qun hoa
c quan tm song vic thc hin cn nhiu hn ch, c bit vi th trng xut khu,
nht l cc th trng kh tnh nh Bc M, Nht Bn, EU th cc yu cu v bao b
ng gi, bo qun l rt cao. Gi thnh ca mt cnh hoa c bo qun chu o
thng cao hn hoa khng c bo qun ti 30%. Chnh v vy, cn phi a cc kin
thc v cng ngh bo qun hoa ti ngi trng hoa, ng thi nng cao nhn thc ca
h v tm quan trng ca vic bo qun hoa.
2.4.Hon thin khu giao dch, thanh ton
Vic mua bn hoa da trn hp ng s to mt c s php l vng chc v m bo
quyn li hn cho ngi nng dn. Ngi nng dn s khng cn b ri vo tnh trng tr
gi mt ng v tr tin mt no. Tuy nhin, vn t ra l ngi nng dn khng c
nhiu kin thc v php lut hp ng v h cho rng vic lp hp ng th mt thi gian
v rm r.
gip ph bin kin thc php lut hp ng cho ngi nng dn, ngoi vic tp
hp cc h nng dn v tuyn truyn, thit ngh UBND thnh ph Lt nn lm mt
m hnh mu ngi nng dn c th thy c thc t nhng li ch ca vic mua bn
qua hp ng so vi vic tha thun ming, trong m hnh mu s bao gm mt vi h
nng dn cng mua bn tha thun vi li bun v thnh lp hp ng mu vi nhng
iu khon tha thun c ghi r trong hp ng. Ngi nng dn sau ny mun s
dng hp ng, khng phi tn thi gian lp li mt hp ng mi m c th cn c vo
hp ng mu, ii chnh nhng iu khon theo ngtha thun ca 2 bn.
59
2.5.Hon thin khu tiu th
2.5.1.Hon thin cng tc nghin cu th trng:
Cng tc nghin cu th trng l ht sc quan trng trong thm nhp th trng, nht
l th trng quc t. Tuy nhin, ngnh sn xut hoa Lt cha tht s nh gi ng
mc tm quan trng ca cng tc nghin cu th trng hoc cng c th c nhn thc
c nhng do hn ch v ngn sch, nhn lc nn khng u t ng mc vo cng
tc nghin cu th trng. Hu qu l vic xm nhp th trng mi gp phi nhng tr
ngi, kh khn rt ln, c th khng thm nhp thnh cng vo th trng. V vy, cn
hon thin cng tc nghin cu th trng, cc Trung tm Khuyn nng cn:
Thng xuyn tip thu cc thng tin khoa hc k thut mi i vi mt s hoa
chnh chuyn giao n ngi sn xut;
T chc hi tho chuyn gip ngi trng hoa trao i kinh nghim v bin
php canh tc, tm hiu thng tin th trng tiu th, gip cho nng dn c iu kin v
c hi tham gia cc chng trnh d n sn xut hoa do cc t chc Quc t ti tr.
Tranh th ti a cc thng tin v th trng trong nc v nc ngoi t pha cc
hip hi ngnh, cc n v thc hin cng tc xc tin thng mi, thng tin t internet,
bo ch, bo i T , tng hp v xc nh th trng tim nng cng nh phng
thc thm nhp cho ph hp.
V lu di, cn t chc h thng nghin cu th trng mt cch chuyn nghip,
xy dng c mt chin lc kinh doanh bi bn, to dng c mt ch ng vng
chc trn th trng quc t.
2.5.2.Hon thin cng tc phn phi sn phm
Hnh thnh knh lu thng hng ha, mng li tiu th, gn ngi sn xut vi
h thng hp tc x, cc i l, ch u mi bng cc hp ng tiu th sn phm hoa
cho ngi trng hoa.
Sm nh hnh cho c cc t chc chuyn thc hin vic tiu th sn phm hoa
Lt nh trung tm giao dch hoa. Hnh thnh c trung tm ny, ngoi vic xc tin
tiu th sn phm hoa cn l ni trao i thng tin c lc gia th trng tiu th v nh
60
sn xut, t c cc iu chnh tong vic xc nh ngnh hng ch lc, din tch canh
tc, tiu chun sn phm
2.6.Hon thin cng tc xy dng thng hiu, qung b sn phm
Trong thi k hi nhp WTO, thng hiu l v kh cnh tranh v cng hiu qu bn
cnh cc yu t khc nh cht lng sn phm, gi c, mu m, knh phn phiB qua
vic u t xy dng thng hiu tc t mnh t b mt tim lc ln trong kinh t hi
nhp. Do , ngoi yu t cht lng, gi c, mu m, knh phn phi. cn xy dng
cho c thng hiu hoa Lt.
Trong thi gian qua, xc nh c tm quan trng ca vic qung b, xy dng
thng hiu, Tnh v Thnh ph hng nm u t chc cc l hi tn vinh, qung b
v vn ho, du lch Lt, bn cnh l gii thiu cc sn phm c trng ca
Lt.Thit ngh, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh cho sn phm hoa Lt khng phi l
iu qu kh, song vic thc hin n i hi cn c s quyt tm v thc hin ng b t
pha nh nc, cc nh khoa hc, cc t chc hip hi ngh, nh sn xut, cc doanh
nghip v ngi dn trng hoa a phng. Di y l mt s bin php xut nhm
y mnh cng tc xy dng thng hiu, qung b sn phm ra th trng:
Xy dng thng hiu loi hoa Lt, tng cng cng tc tm u ra cho sn
phm thng qua hp ng kinh doanh.
UBND Tnh nn tip tc u t kinh ph c cc on cng tc mang tnh chuyn
nghip cao i nghin cu, tham quan, hc tp trong vic sn xut v tiu th hoa cc
nc trng v thng mi hoa ni ting trn th gii v khu vc tng cng hp tc,
y mnh xut khu sn phm hoa.
Nh nc cn khuyn khch v c ch i ng tho ng cho cc t chc v c
nhn to ging hoa v cy cnh mi c gi tr cao, c o, mang tnh c quyn ca
Lt-Lm ng, ging hoa c bn quyn ging ca tc gi a phng mang gi tr
c trng ca a phng Lm ng chc chn s gp phn to uy tn thng hiu
ring cho ngh trng hoa Lt- Lm ng hin ti v tng lai.
61
Khuyn khch vic hnh thnh cc lng ngh sn xut hoa, cc hp tc x chuyn
hoa ti Thnh ph Lt v cc vng ph cn nhm trao i cc thng tin v k thut,
th trng v c th t chc sn xut hoa xut khu theo n t hng ca pha i
tc nhm c s lng, cht lng, v ng u cao.
X hi ha Festival hoa ti Thnh ph Lt. C th ni vic t chc l hi c
gi tr hu hnh v v hnh rt ln nhm pht trin mnh ngnh du lch v khai thc
tim nng ngh trng hoa Lm ng
pht trin hoa theo hng cng ngh cao, to ra cc sn phm hng lot, s
lng, ng nht v mang tnh n nh bn vng, phc v nhu cu th trng ngy cng
cao, i hi phi u t cc c s vt cht k thut ph hp nhm va m bo yu
cu k thut cao va c hiu qu kinh t cao.
62
LI KT
Trong sut thi gian hn 4 thng thc hin ti, nhm nghin cu tp
trung tm hiu, quan st v thu thp thng tin chui cung ng hoa Lt t khu
trng trt n vic thu hoch ti cc h nng dn ti Lt; c bit cch thc
giao dch, mua bn gia cc h nng dn v nhng ngi thu gom, cng ty, ngi
bn l, ch u mi; c tm hiu v cch thc bo qun v cui cng l vn
chuyn n ni tiu th. Qua , tp trung d liu v phn tch, tm kim nhng
im cn hn ch trong ton b qu trnh ca chui. Cng vi nhng kin thc m
nhm nghin cu c c thng qua qu trnh hc tp ti trng i hc Kinh t
thnh ph H Ch Minh, nhm tm hiu nhng nguyn nhn dn n nhng hn
ch cn tn ti trong chui. T , cng suy ngh v tm ra nhng gii php vi hy
vng c th khc phc nhng mt cn thiu st trong chui, gip cho chui cung
ng hoa Lt tr nn hon thin hn, t gi tr cao hn.
Hn na, nhng thng thc hin bi nghin cu gip nhm c mt tri
nghim thc t v hiu hn v nhng kin thc c hc. Nhm nghin cu
hiu rng, vic nghin cu khoa hc l mt cng vic kh khn i hi s kin tr,
chu kh hc hi, quan st v phn tch, nhng bn cnh , cng to cho nhm
nhng thng ngy l th v cho nhm c c hi tha nim am m nghin cu
v hc hi. Tuy c nhiu c gng, nhng ti ca nhm vn cn rt nhiu hn
ch, rt mong nhn c nhng ng gp t qu thy c, cc anh ch v cc bn.
Xin chn thnh cm n!
TI LI
1. Sch Logistics
Vn, NXB Lao ng X
2. Sch Chi
Lin Dip, NXB Lao ng X
3. Fundaments of Logistics
Elleam (1998, Boston MA: Irwin/McGraw
4. Supplychain management: strategy, planing and operation c
Chopra Sunil v Pter Meindl, (2001, Upper Saddle Riverm NI: Prentice Hall c.1)
5. Chui cung
(TS.Trn Th Ba, i h
6. Supply Chain Management of cut
Punj, University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences)
7. The Business cost of Ethical Supply Chain Management: Kenya
flower industry Case study (Chris Collinson,
Trade Programme)
8. The New Zeland consumer market for cut flowers in the 90, Charles
G Lamb, Dennis J Farr, Patrick J McCartin
9. Lun vn thc s: Phn tch t
nng h ti thnh ph
10. Trang web T
11. Cc bi vi
Cc yu t thnh cng cho vi
Vit Nam
Chnh sch h tr pht trin ng
TI LIU THAM KHO
Sch Logistics nhng vn c bn (GS.TS o
ng X Hi, nm 2010)
Sch Chin lc v chnh sch kinh doanh (PGS.TS Nguy
p, NXB Lao ng X Hi, nm 2006)
Fundaments of Logistics Management ca Lambert, Stock v
Elleam (1998, Boston MA: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, c.14)
Supplychain management: strategy, planing and operation c
Chopra Sunil v Pter Meindl, (2001, Upper Saddle Riverm NI: Prentice Hall c.1)
i cung ng rau ng bng song Cu Long theo h
i hc Cn Th)
Supply Chain Management of cut-flowers in Indian market (Chetan
Punj, University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences)
The Business cost of Ethical Supply Chain Management: Kenya
stry Case study (Chris Collinson, Natural Resources and Ethical
The New Zeland consumer market for cut flowers in the 90, Charles
G Lamb, Dennis J Farr, Patrick J McCartin - Lincoln University)
n vn thc s: Phn tch tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th
Lt (Cao Th Thanh i hc Kinh t TP.HCM)
Trang web Tng cc thng k:www.gso.gov.vn/
Cc bi vit t trang web:www.dalat.gov.vn:
nh cng cho vic pht trin bn vng ngnh hoa c
tr pht trin ngnh sn xut hoa Lm ng bn vng
n (GS.TS on Th Hng
chnh sch kinh doanh (PGS.TS Nguyn Th
a Lambert, Stock v
Supplychain management: strategy, planing and operation ca
Chopra Sunil v Pter Meindl, (2001, Upper Saddle Riverm NI: Prentice Hall c.1)
u Long theo hng GAP
flowers in Indian market (Chetan
The Business cost of Ethical Supply Chain Management: Kenya
Natural Resources and Ethical
The New Zeland consumer market for cut flowers in the 90, Charles
tiu th hoa cp
i hc Kinh t TP.HCM)
nh hoa ct cnh ti
n xut hoa Lm ng bn vng
Tnh hnh th trng hoa Chu
Pht trin chui gi tr sn phm nhm gia tng xut khu hoa
Quy hach pht tri
Xu th pht trin ca th tr
Xut khu hoa ct c
Hoa Lt - i i
Du lch hoa - nh h
Hoa v Du lch
Gi gn v pht huy lng hoa
H tr - Nng cao nng l
ct cnh
Sn xut kinh doanh sn phm hoa ti Lm ng
Xy dng lin minh s
nghip ti Lm ng
Ngnh hoa Lt
ng dng khoa hc cng ngh trong vic pht trin ng
Gi th nylon v h
cht lng cy hoa cc nui cy Invitro
Ch dn a l - Gi
Thu hach v x l sau thu hach
ng dng h thng t
u t h thng ti nh git Netafim
ii
ng hoa Chu
n chui gi tr sn phm nhm gia tng xut khu hoa
pht trin ngnh hoa tnh Lm ng
pht trin ca th trng hoa ct cnh trong nc v th gii
t khu hoa ct cnh Lt - Lm ng, thc trng v gii php
i iu trn tr
nh hng pht trin ca du lch Lt
n v pht huy lng hoa Lt
Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh trong sn xut, tiu th
n xut kinh doanh sn phm hoa ti Lm ng
n minh sn xut mi, nng cao sc cnh trnh sn phm
t - Lin kt gia sn xut v tiu th
ng dng khoa hc cng ngh trong vic pht trin ngnh hoa L
h thng vi thy canh trong vic nng cao kh
ng cy hoa cc nui cy Invitro
Gii php xy dng thng hiu hoa Lt
l sau thu hach
ng dng h thng ti nh git cho rau hoa - Gii php tit kim chi
i nh git Netafim
n chui gi tr sn phm nhm gia tng xut khu hoa Lt
gii
i php
sn phm hoa
n xut mi, nng cao sc cnh trnh sn phm nng
nh hoa Lt
kh nng ra r v
i php tit kim chi ph
iii
Ph lc I
Bng kho st h trng hoa
Cho cc anh/ch, chng ti l nhm sinh vin ngnh Ngoi Thng, trng i Hc Kinh
T TP.HCM. Nhm chng ti ang lm mt cuc kho st v Mi lin h gia hnh vi chn
mua hoa ca ngi mua l v quyt nh trng hoa ca h trng hoa, anh/ch vui lng in vo
phiu kho st theo hng dn bn di. Nhng cu tr li ca cc anh/ch s ng gp rt ln
vo s thnh cng ca bi kho st. Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n s hp tc ca cc anh/ch.
1.H v tn ch h:.S T:
2.a ch:.
3.DTt nng nghip:ha,DT t trng hoa:ha;
Din tch nh knh:.
4.S lao ng tham gia trng hoa:Ngi.
Anh ch vui lng nh du X vo p n.
1. Gia nh anh(ch) trng hoa :
o Gn nh o Xa nh
2. Nh knh trng hoa ca gia nh anh(ch) c lm bng cch:
o T lm thng qua hc tp, sch hng dn.
o Chuyn gia ti tn ni hng dn.
o Thu ngi lm c tham gia qun l qu trnh lm
o Thu ngi lm khng tham gia qun l qu trnh lm
3. Nhng cht liu ch yu ca nh knh trng hoa gia nh anh(ch):
o Khung tre
o Khung st
oNylon
oLi mt co
o Li B40
4. Gia nh anh(ch) ti nc ch yu bng:
oMy ti t ng phun sng oMy ti t ng thm
oTi th cng
5. Gia nh anh(ch) bm thuc bo v thc vt bng:
iv
oBnh ng c oBnh bm tay
6. Gia nh anh(ch) s dng thuc tr su vi s hng dn ca:
oSch khuyn nng
oCn b khuyn nng ti cc lp khuyn nng
oCn b khuyn nng ti tn ni hng dn
oTheo s hng dn ca cc h trng hoa khc.
7. Gia nh anh(ch) c phi i vay vn trng hoa khng?
oC oKhng
8. Nu phi i vay vn, gia nh anh(ch) thng vay :
oNgi thn (gia nh, bn b)
oNgn hng
oCc h cho vay ly li
9. Tin bn hoa sau khi tr i vn thng c dng
ou t thm vo trng hoa
ou t cho ngnh, ngh khc
oKhc
10. Trong khong 5 nm tr li y gia nh anh(ch) canh tc cc loi hoa no trong
cc loi sau (anh ch c th chn nhiu p n)
oHoa hng
oHoa cc
oHoa Ly
oHoa Lay-n
Trong canh tc nhiu nht l?..........................................
11. Anh(ch) vui lng in thng tin v loi hoa gia nh trng vo bng sau
L
oi
hoa
Thng trng
trong nm
Mu, ging,
chng loi
Din
tch
Gi 1
cnh
12. Quyt nh trng loi hoa g ca gia nh anh(ch) ph thuc vo:
v
o Yu t ma v
o kin ca cc h
nng dn khc
o Hng dn ca TT
khuyn nng
o Khc
..
13. Thng thng, khi hoa n k thu hoch:
oGia nh s lin h vi ngi
thu mua hoa.
oNgi thu mua hoa s lin h
vi gia nh.
oGia nh t bn hoa.
14. Gi bn ca hoa khi xut vn thng ph thuc vo:
o H trng hoa
o Ngi thu mua
o Tha thun ca h trng hoa v ngi thu mua
o Theo gi th trng
15. Sau khi thu hoch, hoa c bo qun bng phng php:
oPhng lnh
oHa cht
oCh bo qun n gin hoc khng bo qun.
oKhc
.
D.Tiu th sn phm v k nng tham gia th trng:
1. Sn phm hoa bn cho ai: .
2. Sn phm hoa c thng hiu l: ..
3. Kin thc v th trng tiu th
3.1-Kin thc v qung co, tip th:
Anh(ch) tng: nu c th nh du(x) (c th chn nhiu p n)
oLa chn a im tiu th hoa
oT nh gi cho hoa
vi
oLn k hoch trng hoa theo ma v
oLn k hoch trng hoa theo i tng
oTm kim th trng qua TV, i bo
oTm kim th trng qua Internet
oTham gia cc l hi, ch hoa
4.Theo Anh(ch) th cc yu t sau y c tm quan trng nh th no n vic tiu th hoa:
(vi thang im nh sau 1- khng quan trng; 2-trung bnh; 3-quan trng:
Cc yu t nh gi
Thang im nh
gi
a) Ging hoa c cht lng, c thng hiu
b) Hoa to, cnh hoa mt m
c) Mu sc ca hoa
d) Hng thm ca hoa
e) Cnh l ca hoa xanh tt, cn i
f) Hoa bn, lu tn
g) a hoa n ng th trng c nhu cu cao
h) Loi hoa ph hp vi cc dp l, cc s kin quan
trng
i) Bo qun hoa k cng khi vn chuyn
j) Tch cc thc hin cc hnh thc khuyn mi
k) Gi ch tn i vi khch hng ca mnh
Ngoi cc yu t trn, Anh(ch) cn cm thy c yu t no quan trng trong vic tiu th hoa
ca gia nh mnh m chng ti cha lit k, xin vui lng ng gp kin ti y:
..
vii
Ph lc II
Kt qu kho st h trng hoa:
STT Yu t
S
mu
T l
1 V tr trng hoa gn nh 14 46,66%
2 Nh knh trng hoa c lm bng cch:
T lm thng qua hc tp, sch hng dn.
Chuyn gia ti tn ni hng dn.
Thu ngi lm qun l qu trnh lm
Thu ngi lm khng qun l qu trnh
lm
0
0%
21
4
0%
0%
70%
13,33%
3 Cht liu ch yu ca nh knh trng hoa
Khung tre
Khung st
Nylon
Li mt co
Li B40
17
13
30
0
6
56,66%
43,33%
100%
0%
20%
5 Mua ging :
C s t nhn
Trung tm ging
Nhp khu
T nhn ging
21
3
2
4
70%
10%
6,66%
13,33%
5 H thng ti nc
My ti t ng phun sng
My ti t ng thm
Ti th cng
20
8
2
66,67%
26,67&
6,67%
6 Cch bm thuc bo v thc vt:
viii
Bnh ng c
Bnh bm tay
27
3
90%
10%
6 S dng thuc tr su vi s hng dn ca:
Sch khuyn nng
Cn b khuyn nng
Ca cc h trng hoa khc.
2
9
19
6,66%
30%
63,33%
7 C vay vn trng hoa
8 Ni thng vay vn
Ngn hng
Ngi thn, bn b
H cho vay ly li
19
6
2
63,33%
20%
6,66%
9 Tin bn hoa sau khi tr i vn thng
c dng :
u t thm vo trng hoa
u t cho ngnh, ngh khc
Khc
7
0
12
23,33%
0
40%
10 Quyt nh trng loi hoa g ca gia nh
anh(ch) ph thuc vo
Yu t ma v
kin ca cc h nng dn khc
Hng dn ca TT khuyn nng
Khc
26
2
2
86%
6,66%
6,66%
11 Cch tiu th hoa:
Gia nh bn hoa qua trung gian.
Gia nh bn hoa qua ca hng bn l
Gia nh t a hoa n ch u mi
Gia nh t bn hoa cho ngi tiu dng
18
4
6
2
60%
13,33%
20%
6,67%
ix
12 Gi bn ca hoa khi xut vn ph thuc vo:
H trng hoa
Ngi thu mua
Tha thun vi ngi thu mua
Theo gi th trng
5
18
4
3
16,66%
60%
13,33%
10%
13 Hoa c bo qun bng phng php:
Phng lnh
Ha cht
Ch bo qun n gin
Khc
6
3
21
0
20%
10%
70%
0%
Sn phm hoa c thng hiu 26 86,66%
14 La chn a im tiu th hoa
T nh gi cho hoa
Ln k hoch trng hoa theo ma v
Ln k hoch trng hoa theo i tng
Tm kim th trng qua TV, i bo
Tm kim th trng qua Internet
Tham gia cc l hi, ch hoa
7
4
20
5
5
2
17
23,33%
13,33%
66,67%
16,67%
16,67%
6,67%
56,67%
x
BNG CU HI KHO ST HNH VI MUA
HOA TI
Cho cc anh/ch, chng ti l nhm sinh vin ngnh Ngoi Thng, trng i Hc Kinh T TP.HCM.
Nhm chng ti ang lm mt cuc kho st v Hnh vi ca khch hng khi chn mua hoa ti,
anh/ch vui lng in vo phiu kho st theo hng dn bn di. Nhng cu tr li ca cc anh/ch s
ng gp rt ln vo s thnh cng ca bi kho st. Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n s hp tc ca
cc anh/ch.
Cu 1. a) Anh/ch c bao gi t mua hoa khng?
C - Tip tc tr li
Khng - i dn cu 3
Cu 1. b) Nu c, anh/ch hy cho bit mc thng xuyn mua hoa ca mnh?
Nhiu hn 1 ln/ 1 tun
1 ln / tun
1 ln/ thng
3 - 4 ln/ nm
1 ln/nm hoc t hn 1 ln/nm
Cu 2. a) Thng thng, anh/ch mua hoa v mc ch g? C th chn nhiu p n
Sinh nht bn b, ngi thn
Cc dp l Tnh nhn, 8/3, 20/1
Dp l Tt
Mua cng king, th phng
Mua trng by, trang tr nh ca
Mc khc:
Cu 2 b) Anh/ch thng mua loi hoa g? C th chn nhiu p n
Hoa hng
Hoa cc
Hoa lan
Hoa lyly
Hoa cm chng
Hoa ng tin
Mc khc:
Cu 2 c) Anh/ch thng chn hnh thc trnh by ca hoa nh th no? C th chn nhiu p n
xi
Hoa b
Hoa bnh
Hoa kt trong gi
Vng hoa
Hp hoa
Mc khc:
Cu 2 d) Anh/ch hy cho bit (mt cch tng i) v gi trung bnh m anh/ch chi tr cho mi ln
mua hoa?
Cu 2 e) Anh/ch hy cho bit anh/ch thng mua hoa u? C th chn nhiu p n
Cc ch gn nh, xung quanh khu vc
Cc ch u mi chuyn bn hoa s nh ch H Th K,
Cc shop bn hoa ti
L ng t tp bun bn
Cc ngi bn do
Mc khc:
Cu 2 f) Khi mua hoa, anh/ch thng quan tm n nhng yu t no? C th chn nhiu p n
Cht lng, hnh thc trnh by ca hoa
Thi phc v ca ngi bn
Ni mua thun tin
Mc khc:
Cu 2 g) V yu t cht lng, theo anh/ch yu t no l qun trng nht?
Mu sc
Hng thm
Kch thc ca bng, l, di ca
cnh
bn ca hoa
Tr li ni dung khc mc 'Other' --> i tip cu 4
Mc khc:
Cu 3 Anh/ch hy cho bit l do anh/ch khng mua hoa? C th tr li nhiu p n
Ti khng thch hoa
Nh t trng hoa
Gi ca hoa ti qu t
Thy khng cn thit
B d ng vi hoa ti
Khng r nguyn nhn - i n phn cui "THNG TIN C NHN"
Cu 4 Khi t mua hoa (hay khi c tng t ngi khc), anh/ch s lm g bo qun hoa? C th tr
li nhiu p n
Gi ni thong mt
Cm vo bnh v chng
Ct ta cnh ri cm
Thay nc mi ngy
Ct ta mi ngy
Thm vo cht bo qun
Treo ln phi kh
Cu 5 Theo anh/ch, hoa ti c ngha g trong cuc sng? C th chn nhiu p n
Rt c ngha i vi ti
Hoa l vt phm xa x
Lm cho khng gian tr nn p v
sng hn
Hoa lm tn ln v n tnh
Khng c g c bit
PHN THNG TIN P VIN
1. Gii tnh ngi c phng vn:
Nam N
2. Anh/ch thuc nhm tui no sau y?
Di 20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
Trn 60
Khng mun tr li
3. Ngh nghip ca anh/ch l g?
4. Trnh hc vn ca anh/ch?
5. Thu nhp hng thng ca anh/ch nm trong khong no di y?
Di 1 triu
T 1 triu n 3 triu
Trn 3 triu 5 triu
5 triu 7 triu
7 triu 10 triu
hn 10 triu
xiii
KT QU KHO ST NGI TIU DNG
N Gioi tinh Nhom tuoi Tu mua hoa Nghe nghiep Thu nhap
Valid 32 29 33 30 29
Missing 1 4 0 3 4
Gioi tinh
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Nam 10 30.3030303 31.25 31.25
Nu 22 66.66666667 68.75 100
Total 32 96.96969697 100
Missing 99 1 3.03030303
Total 33 100
Nhom tuoi
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Duoi 20 6 18.18181818

20.69 20.68965517
20 den 30 23 69.6969697 100
Mc thng xuyn mua hoa
N Valid 27
Missing 6
Mean 3.96
Median 4
Mode 4
Mc thng xuyn mua hoa
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid nhieu hon 1lan/tuan 1 3.03 3.70 3.70
1lan/tuan 1 3.03 3.70 7.41
1lan/thang 3 9.09 11.11 18.52
3-4lan/nam 15 45.45 55.56 74.07
1lan/nam, it hon 7 21.21 25.93 100.00
Total 27 81.82 100.00
Missing System 6 18.18
Total 33 100
So tien MH lai
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Mua tu 0 den 50 10 30.30 30.30 30.30
Mua tu 50 den 100 13 39.39 39.39 69.70
Mua tu 100 den 150 3 9.09 9.09 78.79
Mua tu 150 den 200 1 3.03 3.03 81.82
Khong tra loi 6 18.18181818 18.18 100
Total 33 100 100
xiv
79.31
Total 29 87.87878788 100
Missing 99 4 12.12121212
Total 33 100
Nghe nghiep
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Sinh vien 18 54.54545455 60.00 60
Kinh doanh 4 12.12121212 13.33 73.33333333
Giao vien 2 6.060606061 6.67 80
Cong nhan 1 3.03030303 3.33 83.33333333
Bac si 1 3.03030303 3.33 86.66666667
Nhan vien van phong 3 9.090909091 10.00 96.66666667
Khac 1 3.03030303 3.33 100
Total 30 90.90909091 100
Missing 99 3 9.090909091
Total 33 100
Thu nhap
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Duoi 1 trieu 9 27.27272727

31.03 31.03448276
Tu 1 den 3 trieu 13 39.39393939

44.83 75.86206897
Tu 3 den 5 trieu 3 9.090909091

10.34 86.20689655
Tu 7 den 10 trieu 3 9.090909091

10.34 96.55172414
Hon 10 trieu 1 3.03030303

3.45 100
Total 29 87.87878788 100
Missing 99 4 12.12121212
Total 33 100
Gii tnh v ni mua hoa
Gioi tinh
Nam Nu
Responses
Col Response
% Responses Col Response %
Gop Noi mua hoa Cho gan nha 3 37.5 15 83.33333333
Shop hoa tuoi 3 37.5 9 50
Cho dau moi 1 12.5 4 22.22222222
xv
Le duong 4 50 1 5.555555556
Total 11 137.5 29 161.1111111
Gii tnh v Loi
hoa
Gioi tinh
Nam Nu
Responses
Col Response
% Responses Col Response %
Gop Loai hoa Hoa hong 7 77.77777778 15 83.33333333
Hoa cuc 5 55.55555556 8 44.44444444
Hoa lily 2 22.22222222 8 44.44444444
Hoa cam chuong 1 11.11111111 7 38.88888889
Hoa lan 6 33.33333333
Hoa dong tien 2 22.22222222 1 5.555555556
Khac 1 11.11111111 1 5.555555556
Total 18 200 46 255.5555556
Gii tnh v mc thng xuyn mua hoa
Mean Median Mode Std Deviation
Gioi tinh Nu
Muc do thuong
xuyen 4.117647059 4 4
Nam
Muc do thuong
xuyen 3.777777778 4 4
Nhm tui v mc ch mua hoa
Nhom tuoi
Duoi 20 20 den 30
Responses
Col Response
% Responses Col Response %
Gop Muc dich Dip le 2 40 9 47.36842105
Tho cung 2 40 8 42.10526316
Sinh nhat 2 40 7 36.84210526
Tet 2 40 4 21.05263158
Trang tri 1 20 4 21.05263158
Total 9 180 32 168.4210526
Gioi tinh v cch bo qun hoa
Gioi tinh
Nam Nu
Responses
Col Response
% Responses Col Response %
Gop Bao quan Cat tia roi cam 2 22.22222222 10 52.63157895
Thay nuoc moi
ngay 12 63.15789474
Cam vao binh 3 33.33333333 8 42.10526316
xvi
Giu noi thoang mat 3 33.33333333 7 36.84210526
Them chat bao
quan 1 11.11111111 4 21.05263158
Treo phoi kho 3 33.33333333 2 10.52631579
Cat tia moi ngay 1 5.263157895
Total 12 133.3333333 44 231.5789474
Gii tnh v yu t cht lng
Gioi tinh
Nam Nu
Responses
Col Response
% Responses Col Response %
Gop Yeu to chat
luong
Chat luong, hinh
thuc 11 122.2222222 25 138.8888889
Thuan tien 6 66.66666667 12 66.66666667
Khac 4 44.44444444 7 38.88888889
Phuc vu 2 22.22222222 8 44.44444444
Total 23 255.5555556 52 288.8888889