PHP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh
web hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3
Nothing(Matrix), gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n
c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u00e0i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 - Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi:
Huuthiencp1982

PHP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3u script, ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean Server v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1
m\u00e3 HTML cho tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t. PHP g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp
tr\u00ecnh Web r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n nay. PHP l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m
t\u1eeb "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor", t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00e1c
si\u00eau v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c m\u00e3 l\u1ec7nh PHP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c trang web, c\u00e1c
trang n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 .php, .php3, .php4. Khi client g\u1edfi
y\u00eau c\u1ea7u "c\u1ea7n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c trang n\u00e0y v\u1ec1" \u0111\u1ebfn web server, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean web server
s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00e3 l\u1ec7nh PHP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00fang trong, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3
v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trang web k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00ed cho client.

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi, t\u1ea1i sau c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 ASP, Cold Fusion, Perl, Java, Python nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn PHP? V\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: b\u1edfi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng, d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i khai b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e9p ki\u1ec3u(typecast), ch\u1ea1y nhanh, t\u1eadp h\u00e0m built-in r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, c\u00f3 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf\u2026

C\u00e1ch i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng tag ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda short_open_tag trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a php ho\u1eb7c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch file
.php v\u1edbi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tag ng\u1eafn.
T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 iv ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu asp_tag \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t
trong file c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a PHP.

PHP h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1m ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7. B\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:
boolean, integer, floating-point number(float), string. Hai ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p
l\u00e0: m\u1ea3ng( array) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ( object). V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 hai ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c
bi\u1ec7t : resource v\u00e0 NULL. Lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
g\u00e1n b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a PHP,
ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng.

1.Boolean: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u boolean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1
tr\u1ecb th\u1eadt. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 TRUE hay FALSE.
C\u00fa ph\u00e1p: \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb boolean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb kho\u00e1 TRUE
hay l\u00e0 FALSE. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eef hoa hay ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng.
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: $foo=True; // g\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb TRUE cho bi\u1ebfn $foo.
\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sang ki\u1ec3u boolean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng
(bool) hay (boolean). Tuy nhi\u00ean trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n
kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e9p ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng
chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e1n t\u1eed, h\u00e0m hay l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi
m\u1ed9t tham s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u boolean.
Ch\u00fa \u00fd: -1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 TRUE, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c 0 kh\u00e1c ( b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3
l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u00e2m).

C\u00fa ph\u00e1p: Integer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 10, c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c
ph\u00e2n hay c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 b\u00e1t ph\u00e2n, tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi d\u1ea5u - hay +. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed
d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1ed1 b\u00e1t ph\u00e2n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi 0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i
v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n th\u00ec 0x.

$a = 1234; # s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n
$a = -123; # s\u1ed1 \u00e2m
$a = 0123; # s\u1ed1 b\u00e1t ph\u00e2n
$a = 0x1A; # s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp l\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 32bit, v\u00e0 PHP kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3u
unsigned integer. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef
li\u1ec7u integer, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u float. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi b\u1ea1n
th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n m\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a
ki\u1ec3u integer, th\u00ec ki\u1ec3u float s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i trong
PHP m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bao gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang, n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c
s\u1ed1 \u00e2m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n -50000* $million, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0
429496728. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u1ea3 hai to\u00e1n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3

v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra.
\u0110\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sang ki\u1ec3u integer, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed \u00e9p ki\u1ec3u
(int) hay (integer). Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng
c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed \u00e9p ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n
sang n\u1ebfu to\u00e1n t\u1eed, h\u00e0m hay c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ed1
integer.

C\u00fa ph\u00e1p: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ba c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 sau:
\u2022D\u1ea5u nh\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n: c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0
\u0111\u00f3ng n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u nh\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n.V\u00ed d\u1ee5:echo 'le bao vy';
\u2022D\u1ea5u nh\u00e1y k\u00e9p: n\u1ebfu chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng trong d\u1ea5u nh\u00e1y k\u00e9p("),PHP hi\u1ec3u
s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cho c\u00e1c k\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ..... V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \n;\t;\\;\$;\u2026
\u2022Heredoc: c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ed7i l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ("<<<").
Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh sau <<<, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0
c\u00f9ng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh danh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u nh\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ecbnh danh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i
b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ecbnh danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean
gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn trong PHP.

\u2022M\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c: l\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng
ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u integer \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.C\u00fa ph\u00e1p:
$name[index1];
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 sau: