tcsyfydkaemufausmzkH;rS

1993 ckek pfuae 2004 ckek pfavmuftxd 'DatbDeYJ Adv

k cf sKyfcifneG Yf
wdv
Yk QKd U0Suaf qG;aEG;Muw,f/ autif,u
l acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfwhJ Adv
k cf sKyfjr?
z'dk apmoef;atmif? AdkvfcsKyfarmifarmifeJY uRefawmfwdkYyg0ifygw,f/
olzufuvGwv
f u
kd w
f hJ olawGxrJ mS OD;cGejf rwf? ygarmu OD;xGe;f atmifcsdef
wdkYyg yg0ifygw,f/
Adv
k cf sKyfcifneG &Yf UJ urf;vSr;f csufuawmh
1/ udk,fvufeufudk,fudkifxm;?
2/ udk,fe,fajrudk xdrf;xm;?
3/ wyfrawmfeJYa'ozGHUNzdK;a&;wGJvkyfqdkwJhtcsufjzpfw,f/
'Durf;vSrf;csufrSm ucsif ? rGefeJY wjcm;vufeufudkiftzGJUpnf;rsm;
ygoGm;ygw,f/
jynfyrSm wcsKUd vJygoGm;ygw,f/ aphpyfomG ;olrsm;udk Adv
k cf sKyfcifneG u
Yf
tcGit
hf a&;awG awmfawmfay;vdu
k yf gw,f/ vufawGUrSmawmh a'ozGUH NzdK;
a&;awGrjzpfcJhyg/ ucsifqdk&if 17 ESpftypfcwf&yfpJcJNyD;rSm jyefvnfwdkuf
cdu
k Mf u&wJt
h xdjzpfvmjyefygw,f/
'DatbDeYJ u&ifusefcw
hJ ,f/ aemufyikd ;f txd u&ifeYJ uRefawmfwu
Yk d k d
qufvufurf;vSr;f aeygw,f/ olaqG;aEG;csufawGrmS olu tajymif;vJ
vkkyfcsifw,f/ wyfcsKyfBuD;(OD;oef;a&Tudk&nfGef;)?OD;armifat;eJY AdkvfcsKyf
wifOD;wdkYu rvkkyfcsifbl;/ 'gaMumihfolrSm tcuftcJ&dSw,fvdkYqdkw,f/
olu
Y ekd m;vnfraI y;zdv
Yk akd Mumif;ajymw,f/
uRefawmftar&duefjynfaxmifpkudk 2001 ckESpfrSm ajymif;a&GUvmcJh
wJt
h wGuf pum;ajymwmjywfomG ;w,f/ 'gayrJh olv
Y u
l qufvuf quf
oG,yf gw,f/ uReaf wmf csu
D m*dw
k uov
k d rf mS oifwef;wdw
k pfcw
k ufaecsed rf mS
xdkolvma&mufaqG;aEG;ygw,f/ olu tar&duefpD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdkYrI kkyf
odrf;ay;zdkYvdkaMumif; t"duajymw,f/ ydwfqdkYrIaMumifh wdkif;jynfepfem
aMumif; axmufjyygw,f/ uRefawmfu a':atmifqef;pkMk unfeYJ ediif aH &;
tusOf;om;awG vTwfay;zdkYaqG;aEG;ygw,f/
xdpk Ofu jynfwiG ;f ediif aH &;vIy&f mS ;rIr&do
S avmufjird o
f mG ;w,f/ tMurf;
zufESdrfeif;cHae&csdefjzpfygw,f/ a':pkkudkrvGwfay;Ekdifao;&if rif;udkEkdif
eJYwjcm;ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGudkvTwfjyygvm;vkkdY uRefawmfu
tBuHay;w,f/ 'gqkkd&if cifAsm;wdkYAdkvfcsKyf( OD;cifGefYudk&nfGef;)udk Red if w
H umu todrw
S jf yKvmediw
f ,fvt
Ykd BuHay;awmh rif;udk
formist vdYk Eki
Ekdifudk vGTwfay;zdkYuawmh OD;cifGefY wpfa,mufxJ oabmxm;eJYvkyfvdkY
r&edifbl;vdkY qdkw,f/
'DMum;xJrmS olu OD;ae0if;eJrY o
d m;pk(k OD;ae0if;ajr;rsm;)udt
k a&;,lawmh
r,f/ 'gqd&k if uRefawmfwb
Ykd ,fvo
kd abmxm;ovJ ar;ygw,f/ OD;ae0if;
uawmhordkif;w&m;cHjzpfaMumif;? jynfolvlxkeJYEkdifiHwumu olYudk
vufrcHawmhaMumif;/ OD;ae0if;ajr;awG ta&;,lw,fr,lb;l qdw
k mawmh
uRefawmfwdkY Nidrf;csrf;a&;udpeJYrywfoufaMumif; udk,fudpudk,f&Sif;zdkY
vdkaMumif; uRefawmfoabmxm;ay;cJhygw,f/
xdo
k jl yefomG ;jy;D wpfvcef t
h MumrSmawmh OD;ae0if;udk tus,cf sKyfxm;
vdu
k w
f m olajr;rsm;udt
k a&;,lrrI sm;jzpfvmygw,f/ OD;pdev
f iG u
f kd OD;ae0if;
tdrfeJhtquftoG,fjzwfvdkufwm?OD;pdefvGiftdrfudkyg xdef;odrf;vdk uf
w,fqw
kd o
hJ wif;rsm;&vmw,f/ olwu
Ykd kd Adv
k cf sKyfoef;a&TeYJ Adv
k cf sKyfarmif
at;wdkYu ta&;,lvdkufwm[kk owif;rsm;&&dSvmygw,f/
rif;udEk idk ef YJ wjcm;xif&mS ;wJah cgif;aqmifawG rvTwaf y;ediaf o;bl;qdk
&if usef;rma&;qd;k 0g;aewJah 'gufwmaZmfrif;? udak X;ode;f eJY ud&k ifaxG;wdu
Yk k d
vTwfay;zdkY uRefawmfaqG;aEG;ygw,f/ (e,fpyfrS uRefawmf&Jabmfrsm;u
a'gufwmaZmfrif;? udkaX;odfef;eJY udk&ifaxG;wdkY usef;rma&;tjctaersm;
vGefpGmqdk;&Gm;aeaMumif; uRefawmfudkowif;ydkYxm;ygw,f/ ) olu
wpfvtwGif; vTwfay;cJhygw,f/ uRefawmfawmif;qdkwm 3 a,mufjzpf
ayr,fh ud&k ifaxG;u axmifxrJ mS ESpaf ,mufjzpfaewJt
h wGuf ESpaf ,muf
pvH;k udk vGwaf y;vmygw,f/ olwv
hk d w
G v
f mwJt
h wGuf uRefawmf0rf;omyg
w,f/ odaYk omf udak Zmfrif;rSm use;f rma&;awmfawmfxcd u
kd o
f mG ;wmudak wGU&
wJt
h wGuf pdwrf aumif;jzpfrw
d ,f/ udak Zmfrif;zke;f ajymwJt
h cgrSm uReaf wmfuk d
rSwfrdaomfvnf; olYtoHawGu pdk;&drfrIrsm;pGm jzpfaeygw,f/
Adv
k cf sKyfcifeG Yf jyKjyifajymif;vJvykd gonfqw
kd t
hJ csufudk uRefawmfvJ
em;vnfraI y;vdu
k yf gw,f/ ESpEf pS af vmufav;ig;Budraf vmuf aqG;aEG;NyD;
wJt
h cgrSmvJ 'Dtcsufuykd J oluajymaeygw,f/ 'gvJ jzpfEidk yf gw,f/ olu

tajymif;tvJvkyfcsifayr,fh oltxufu vlESpfOD;u rvkkyfcsifawmh

oltcuf&dSEkdifygw,f/ 2003 ckkepfavmufrSm olYqDu apvTwfvdkufoleJY
uReaf wmfe,l;a,mufNrKd UrSm aemufq;kH awGUMuygw,f/ 'Dtcsed u
f uReaf wmf
udkvHbD,mwuodkvfwufaecsdefjzpfw,f/ olYudk ausmif;uifwD;rSmyJ
csde;f awGUvdu
k yf gw,f/
olu AdkvfcsKyfcifGefYajymif;vJzdkYBudK;pm;ayr,fh r&aMumif; tcufcJ
&dSaMumif; uRefawmfhudkajymygw,f/ tar&dueftpdk;&udkem;vnfatmif
ajymjyay;apvdak Mumif; rufaqhay;vmygw,f/ uRefawmftMuHay;wmu
awmh cifAsm; tajymif;vJudk vdkcsifw,fqdkwm uRefawmfwpfa,mufxJ
,HMk unfvrYdk &bl;/ vuf&Sd vlUtcGiafh &;csdK;azgufr?I wdik ;f jynftzufzufu
,dk,Gif;oGm;rIawGrSm cifAsm;vJ ywfoufaew,fvdkYvltrsm;u ,HkMunf
aew,f/ cifAsm;wdkY BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufrIawGudk vltrsm;uvufcHzdkY
vdkw,fvdkY uRefawmftBuHay;cJhygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY 2 em&Davmuf
aqG;aEG;NyD;awmh vlcsif;cGJMuzdkYvkyfw,f/ aemufwpfMudrfawGUzdkYpDpOfw,f/
olu ndK;i,fwJhrsufESmeJY at;Asm .. cifAsm; uRefawmfajymwm
Ykd v
kd m&ifawmh cifAsm;
r,Hb
k ;l / wpfcsdeMf u&if Free U Khin Nyunt vkyk zf v
uRefawmfwu
Ykd kd rarhygeJv
Y kd ajymoGm;w,f/ aemufrMumcifrmS yJ OD;cifeG eYf YJ
ol&UJ axmufvrS ;f wpfzUJG vH;k ( Intelligence Community) tzrf;cH&? tjzKwfcH
vdkufMu&w,f/ xdkvlvJ ygoGm;w,f/
olajymoGm;wJh Free U Khin Nyunt tpDtpOfudk uRefawmf
rvkyk af y;edicf yhJ gbl;/ bmjzpfvv
Ydk q
J akd wmh oltzrf;cH&wJu
h pd r mS vlawGu
IyfaxG;ukkefygw,f/ tmPmvkkyGJ Power Struggle yHkpHydkYaqmifaevdkYjzpf
ygw,f/ olu tajymif;vJvkdcsifw,f/ wpfzufu rvdkcsifbl;qdkwmudk
ray:bl; jzpfoGm;w,f/ olzufu tm;enf;csufawmh olwdkYMudK;yrf;
aqmif&u
G cf sufukd Ekid if w
H umeJY vlxo
k ad tmifrajymjycJMh uwmyJjzpfw,f/
tckkvnf; tajymif;vJudk vdk csifygw,f? vkkyfaeygw,fqdk wJh
tpd;k &xJu vlawGuk d uReaf wmfawGUcJyh gw,f/ olwu
Ykd vJ OD;cifneG Yf ajymcJw
h hJ
pum;rsm;? OD;cifneG AYf sL[mtwdik ;f jyefjzpfaewmudk awGU&ygw,f/ 'guawmh
olwdk Yuajymif;jcifw,f/ OD;oef;a&TeJ trmvdkif;awGu qufvuf
&daS eao;w,f/ rajymif;csifb;l / olwkd u
h akd y;xm;wJh usOf;ajrmif;wJah e&m
( Narrow Space) xJu olwkd v
h yI &f mS ;ae&ygw,fqw
kd hJ tcsufjzpfygw,f/
'DtwGuf usaemf pdk;&drfygw,f/
tBuHay;csifwmawmh
1/ olwt
Ykd aeeJt
Y ajymif;tvJvcdk sifw,f?ajymif;zdBYk udK;yef;aew,fqkd
&if vlxk,HkMunfrI&atmif vkkyfaqmifjyyg/
2/ vmbfpm;rIrsm;? w&m;Oya'uif;rJhpGmvkkyfaqmifaerIrsm; xdxd
a&mufta&;,lyg/ rw&m;rIrsm;udk &yfqdkif;yg/
3/ b,folawGu tajymif;vJudk [efYwm;aew,fqdkwmudkvJ
rD',
D meJv
Y x
l u
k akd jymjyoihyf gw,f/
4/ 'Dvdkajymjcif;tm;jzihf rajymif;vJcsifwJh tiftm;pkkawGtwGuf
tm;vHk;u ajymif;vJcsifaeNyDqdkwmudk ydkodapEkdifw,f/ olwdkYtwGuf
ajymif;vJzdkY vkkyfudkvkyf&r,fqdkwJhtodw&m; &&dSapEkdifw,f/ yl;aygif;vm
apEkid yf gw,f/ 'gudk yGiyfh iG v
fh if;vif; vlwik d ;f odatmifcsjya0zefMuzdYk vdw
k ,f/
5/ 'DvdkrS todw&m;r&Mubl;qdk&if rajymif;csifolawGudk xm;cJh
zdkYvdkw,f/
ed * H k ;
AdkvfcsKyfcifnGefYrSm atmifjrifrIESpfck&dScJhw,f/ ol[m uRefawmfwdkYudk
'ku
k t
ay;qH;k jzpfw,f/ 'guawmh 1988 ta&;awmfyu
kH kd NzdKcGi;f Ekid cf w
hJ ,f/
u&ifudk ESpfzGJUcGJypfEkdifcJhw,f/ wkyfppfyg&*l qGefpk0lajymwJh taumif;qHk;
ppfAv
kd cf sKyfwOD;vdq
Yk ekd id yf gw,f/ &efou
l akd oewfrazgufyJ olutEkid ,
f El idk f
cJhvdkY jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfppfaumfr&SiftwGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf
'DatbDrmS wm0ef,pl OfumvwpfavQmufv;Hk olvyI &f mS ;rIawGukd rsufajc
rjywfMunfh NI yD; wefjyefvyI &f mS ;rIawGvyk cf yhJ gw,f/ aemufq;kH oljyKwfomG ;
wJt
h xd wefjyefvyI &f mS ;rIawGuv
k d J vkyk cf ahJ Mumif;0efcv
H yk d gw,f/ oltaMumif;
olUrde;f r? olom;orD;rsm; xufyo
kd ad tmifoak woejyKcJ&h ygw,f/ tcsdef
&&if oluykd pfrw
S x
f m;vIy&f mS ;cJw
h hJ Operation tcsKUd ukd uReaf wmf qufvuf
a&;om;ygr,f/ ol&UJ jzpf&yfuawmh vuf&Sd wm0ef,al ewJ0h efMuD;rsm;twGuf
oifcef;pm,lzG,fjzpfygw,f/ taumif;qHk; oifcef;pm wpfckjzpfygw,f/
OD;cifneG v
Yf yk cf w
hJ t
hJ ajymif;tvJvykd jJ zpfomG ;&if rdrv
d t
J usKd;r&d?S wdik ;f jynf
vJtusdK;r&dS? tjcnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;Ekdifygw,f/ OD;cifGeYf&JUtajymif;tvJ
vkyaf qmifrI bmaMumifrh atmifjrifovJvYdk uReaf wmfuw
kd pfceG ;f wnf;ajym
yg vdkYar;vm&ifawmh ]]vlxk&J h,HkMunfrIr&cJhjcif;}} vdkY uRefawmf&if;ESD;
pGm rSwfcsufay;ygr,f/
2012 ckek pfrmS yxrtMudrf jrefrmjynfukd uReaf wmfjyefa&mufygw,f/
0efBuD;OD;atmifrif; zdwfac:rIaMumifhjzpfygw,f/ ol&JUkH;wnf&dS&m MPC
rSmoleJYaqG;aEG;cJhygw,f/ jyefcgeD;qif0ifatmufrSm oludkuRefawmfpum;
wpfcGef;ajymcJhygw,f/ 'guawmh OD;atmifrif; tefu,fwdkYajymif;vJ
aewmudk uRefawmf,zkH x
Ykd uf vlx,
k akH tmifyv
kd yk yf gvdYk tBuHay;cJyh gw,f/
odaYk omfoo
l nf tav;teufxm;yHrk &yg/ tzGUJ aygif;pHEk iS hf pum;ajymzdu
Yk k d
ydNk yD;pdwt
f m;xufoefaeygonf/
rdk ;oD;ZGef
]]Adv
k cf sKyfjr? ygarmuO;D xGe;f atmifcsde(f &efuek w
f uov
kd o
f rdik ;f Xme)
? uRefawmf-1996 ckESpfcefY/ autif,lwyfr[m 6 e,fajr/ q&mBuD;
OD;xGef;atmifcsdefudk e0wuvTwfNyD; uRefawmfwdkYeJYaphpyfa&;vmaqG;
aEG;pOfwHk;uyg/ tJh'DvmawGUwHk;u &moDOwku awmfawmfaumif;ao;
w,f/ reufqdk&if awmfawmfat;w,f/ uRefawmfwdkYtaEG;xnfawG
0wfxm;MuwmudkMunhf/ reufwdkif;rD;awmifvHI&ygw,f/ ckawmh&moDu
awmfawmfazgufjyefukefNyD/ ylwmt&rf;yJ/}}

armifz;kd csp&f o
YJ bifb;dk bGm;&dyo
f m&efyaHk iGyJG
rkd;vkHavvkHtvlrDeD,HZmwfkHeJYqifETJ

"mwfykH-armifjynfh0(yef;a0oD)
obifb;dk bGm;&dyo
f mwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf zk;d cspfurk P
v
D rD w
d uf
\ jrefrmhkd;&mtEkynm0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rS &efykHaiGazsmfajzyGJudk 7-82014 ESifh 8-8-2014 &uf nykdif;wGif &efukefNrdKU&Sd jynfolU&ifjyif
jrufcif;jyif rk;d vkaH vvkt
H vlreD ,
D ZH mwfjHk zifh crf;em;x,f0gpGmwifquf
ujycJhonf/ tqkdygobifbkd;bGm;&dyfom&efykHaiGyGJwGif rif;om;zkd;cspf\
ZmwfkHtjyiftqif? qufwiftcrf;tem;? tEkynmazsmfajzrIrsm;ukd
txl;wvnfBudK;yrf;wifqufxm;onfukd awGUjrif&onf/
&efykHaiGyGJrS &&Sdaom tusKd;tjrwfrsm;ESifh qkaMu;aiGrsm;ESifh tm;
vkH;ukd obifbkdf;bGm;&dyfomwnfaqmuf&eftwGuf xnfh0ifvSL'gef;rnf
jzpfNyD; tvSL&Sirf sm;rSvnf; Sky Net kyo
f v
H ikd ;f rS wpfqifx
h nf0h ifvLS 'gef;
Muonf/ obifbkd;bGm;&dyfomukd &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD; r*Fvm'kHNrdKUe,f?
ykvJNrdKUopf? a&TeHYompHjyaus;&GmwGif wnfaqmufrnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd
&onf/
if;azsmfajzyGJ Ekid if w
H umtqifrh ZD mwfq
Hk o
kd nfudk rif;om;zk;d cspf u
,ckvt
dk "dyg ,fziG q
hf cdk o
hJ nf/ ]]tqifoif&h w
dS hJ ZmwfaHk wG&&dS UJ om;eJY bmvdYk
udkf,fhbmomukd,fqifNyD;awmh u&wmvJvkdY ar;p&m&Sdygw,f cifAsm/
tqifoifh&SdaewJh ZmwfkHBuD;awGu ae&mwuma&TUoGm;vdkY r&ygbl;/
ae&mwuma&TUoGm;vdkY&wJh ZmwfkHi,ftrsm;BuD;vkyfMu&rSmjzpf ygw,f/
bmaMumifv
h q
J adk wmh uRefawmfwYdk jrefrmhZmwfobif[m vlom;&So
d a&GU
jrefrm&Srd ,f? jrefrm&So
d a&GU bk&m;yG?J ausmif;yG?J tvSLyGaJ wG &Srd ,f/ bk&m;yG?J
ausmif ; yG J ? tvS L yG J a wG & S d a eorQumvywf v k H ; jref r mh obif ?
jref r mh k d ; &m,Of a us;rI [ m rjzpf r ae&S d a erS m jzpf y gw,f / 'gaMumif h
b00rf;pm&SmazG&if;? udk,fh0rf;pmukd,f&SmazGae&if;uaeNyD; obifynm
awG[m wpfwkdif;jynfvkH;rSm&SdwJh aus;Zl;&Sifrsm;ukd aysmf&Tifvmatmif
pGrf;aqmif&mrSm tjcm;jcm;aom t&rf;emrnfBuD;wJh tEkynm&SifBuD;
awGra&muf&SdwJh ae&mrSmtrsm;qkH;a&muf&Sdolrsm;uawmh uRefawmfwkdY
bbiform;rsm;yJjzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh uRefawmfwkdYobif[m rjzpfrae&Sd
&rSmjzpfw,f/ EkdifiHwpfEkdifiH&JUjy,k*f[mvnf; obifyJjzpfygw,f/ tJ'D
twGuf obifukd b,fvkdoufawmifhoufomeJY wkdif;jynftwGufvSnfh
vnfNyD; uvkdY&rvJ azsmfajzzkdYawG;wJhtcg trsm;BuD;awG;p&mjzpfvmyg
w,f/ uRefawmfhukdar;ygw,f/ ZmwfkHeJY ywfoufNyD;awmif;qkdawmh
EkdifiHwumtqifhrDZmwfkHqkdwm b,fvdkvJvdkYar;ygw,f/ uRefawmf'D
ae&muae av;av;pm;pm;ajzyg&ap/ EkdifiHwumtqifhrDZmwfkHqkdwm
wkdif;jynfrSm&SdwJh tEkynm&Sifrsm;? tEkynmvdyfjymEkd;oavmuf zefwD;
csifoavmuf? tEkynmawG wDxGifqef;opfcsifoavmuf ZmwfkHawG
uvkdufNyD; yHhykd;rIay;Ekdifwm[m EkdifiHwumtqifhrDjzpfvdrfhr,fvkdY uRef
awmf,MHk unfygw,f/ tJvrkd [kwb
f eJ YJ 'DZmwfrHk mS ]u}&if 'Dvydk pHk aH v;yJ?
abmiftem;owfxm;NyD; tEkynmawG zefwD;csifwmu tBuD;tus,f
wjcm;u@av;awGygr,f/ 'gayr,fh ZmwfkHu 'Dem;r0if&bl;/ 'gu
jzKwfvkdYr&bl;/ 'Dem;roGm;ygeJY/ 'gav; rjyif&bl;/ 'Dwkdif;xm;rS &r,f
qkd&if uRefawmfwdkY tEkynm&SifawG zefwD;csifwJh tEkynmawG[m
tenf;i,frQxdckdufvmrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'DtwGuf uRefawmfav;av;pm;
pm;wifjycsifygw,f/ tEkynm&Siaf wGtwGuzf ef;wDcsifoavmuf zefw;D
vd&Yk atmif yHyh ;kd rIay;Ekid af om Zmwfo
Hk nf Ekid if w
H umtqifrh ZD mwfyHk gvkYd
ajymyg&ap/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f cifAsm/}}
MT

wyfvSefYoH

]uavmif}oGm;xuf
]axmif}oGm;xufNyD
rD'D,mawG owdxm;/
www.snapshot-news .com

twGJ? 4 ? trSwf ? 94 ? 11 .8 .2014 (wevFm)

eEmrkd;Mu,f

0if;pdefawm&q&mawmfBuD;tm; 0Pausmfxifa'gufwmcifa&TrS aiGusyf 50 odef;vSL'gef;

Photo - ZMN

rGefjynfe,f?rk'kHNrdKUe,f?NrKdifukef;aus;&Gm 0if;pdefawm&ausmif;OD;pD;y"me em,urGefoufawmf&Snf 0if;pdef

q&mawmfBuD; tbd"Zt*r[m o'raZmwdu b'Eauo&tm; jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&max&0g'Ak' bmom
tzGJUcsKyfESifh e,fpyfawmifwef;omoemEk*[toif;(A[kd)Ou| 0P
a usmfxifa'gufwmcifa&Tonf 2014
Mo*kwf 2 &ufaeYu usyfaiGodef; 50 vSL'gef;cJhNyD; 0if;pdefawm&q&mawmfBuD;tm; xkdif;EkdfifiH?befaumufNrdKUwGif
aq;ukorIcH,l&ef yifhaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
YOH

13

yef;csDaZmfvlrif;&JY aZmfvlrif;2014yef;csDjyyGJ

New Idea Gallery

Member Show

yef;csOD ;D jynfph &kH UJ opfyifpu

kd yf eJG YJ yef;cso
D ef;0if;xGe;f &JU
Mobile Art Exhibition

trSwf(307)? AkdvfqGefyuf
vrf;? yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f? &efuek Nf rdKU
rSm zGifhvSpfxm;wJh New Idea
Gallery eJY Member yef;csDq&m
rsm;jzpf M uwJ h yef ; csD w if a tmif ?
wifatmufxkduf? vSxGPf;atmif?
0if;Munf? oef;pk;d ? pdeBf uD;? ukOd ;D Zif
wk d Y p k p nf ; jyowJ h New Idea
Gallery Show ukd (8 ?8 ?2014)
&ufuae (12 ?8 ?2014)&uftxd
cif;usif;jyoxm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
jycef;zGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmhaeYpOf
eHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(5)em&D
txdjzpfygw,f/
HTA

yef;csDaZmfvlrif;
&JU aZmfvlrif; 2014
vkdY trnfay;xm;wJh
wpfukd,fawmfyef;csD
jyyG J u k d trS w f ( 23)?
e0a';vrf;? '*HkNrdKU
e,f? &efukefNrdKUrSmzGifh
vS p f x m;wJ h Think
Art Gallery r S m
(10?8?2014)&uf r S
(24?8?2014)&uf
txd cif;usif;jyo
xm;rSmjzpfygw,f/
jyyGJzGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmh aeYpOf eHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(6)em&D
txdjzpfygw,f/
HTA

,ciftywfrStquf
'DMum;xJ jyyGJawGpDpOfjzpf?atmuf'dk;awGavQmufa&;jzpfaecJhw,f/
rSwfrSwf&& yef;csDoef;jrifhatmifeJY uRefawmf ESpfa,mufwnf; a&Tpuf
awmfbk&m; atmuf'dk;oGm;a&;jzpfMuw,f/ toGm;rSma&eHacsmif;u
olYtdrfrSm wpfn0iftdyf? aemuf a&TpufawmfoGm;?yef;csDa&;Mu? ESpfn
tdyfa&;NyD;wJhtcsdefrSm olaum?uRefawmfyg yef;csDum;av; ig;q,fum;pD
&MuNyD;jyefcJhMuw,f/ tJ'g oleJYuRefawmf aemufqHk;c&D;qdkwm BudKwif
rodcJhMubl;/aemuf olYtdrfudkuRefawmfa&mufbl;atmif ac:oGm;ovdk
jzpfcJhw,fqkdwm ola&muRefawmfygrodcJhbl;/
tJ'Dc&D;ujyefvmNyD; ol&,f?uRefawmf&,f?rarT;&,f Three River
qdkwJYemrnfeJY a&aq;yef;csDjyyGJ pmayvmu(5)rSm jycJhMuw,f/ tJ'Dvdk
jyyGJvkyfae&if;rSmyJ olu q&mOD;ausmfGefYwdkYeJY atmuf'dk;c&D;xGufoGm;
jyefw,f/ tJ'u
D jyefvmawmh ol&,f?uRefawmf&,f?rarT;&,f (3)a,muf
OD;pD;Nyd; pme,fZif;okyfazmfyef;csDjyyGJudk jyjzpfcJhMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm
olYusef;rma&;tajctaeu odyfraumif;awmhbl;/ rsufESmav; ndK;ndK;
i,fi,feyYJ gyJ/ 'gayr,fjh yyG&J uftawmfrsm;rsm;rSm olvmcJw
h ,f/ tJ'jD yyGrJ mS
yef;csDq&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;&JU yef;csDum;awGa&mif;cJh&w,f/ aemufqHk;
&uf yef;csDum;zdk;awG&Sif;zdkYtwGufeJY yef;csDum;awG jzKwfay;zdkYtcsdeftxd
ol tJ'jD yyGu
J v
kd mcJw
h ,f/ 'gayr,fh olrY sufEmS rvef;awmhb;l / oltygt0if
uRefawmfwt
Ykd m;vH;k u olu
Y kd omrefzsm;wm?emwmvdyYk J atmufarhrw
d ,f/
'g olYudk toufeJYcEm wGJvsufaemufqHk;jrif&wmygyJ/ ESpf&ufoHk;&uf
avmufaeawmh a&cJqdkif?yef;csDausmif;rSmjywJh jyyGJwpfyGJrSm oleJYcsdef;
xm;ayr,fh ol rvmEkdifawmhbl;/ uRefawmfeJYzkef;ajymjzpfcJhw,f/
olzsm;aevdkY rvmEkdifawmhbl;vdkY ajymw,f/ 'gvnf; uRefawmfwdkYu
omreftzsm;yJvYkd xifcrhJ w
d ,f/ tJ't
D csde[
f m olq
Y u
D pum;oH aemufq;kH
Mum;cJh&wmyJ/aemufwpfaeYrSmuRefawmhqDrarT;zkef;qufw,f/oef;jrifh
atmif?atmif&wemaq;HkrSm wifvdkuf&owJh/ ododcsif; aq;Hkudkvdkuf
oGm;awmh atmif&wemrSm r&Sdawmhbl;/ aq;HkBuD;udk a&TUoGm;NyDwJh/
'geJY uRefawmfeJY udkaexGef; &efukefaq;HkBuD;udk qufvdkufoGm;Muw,f/
uRefawmfwdkYa&mufawmh olwdkY a&mufrvmMuao;bl;/ cPaeawmh
ukwifwpfvHk; wGef;vmwmawGUw,f/ Munfhvdkufawmh oef;jrifhatmif

ukwifay:rSm yufvuf/ olYudkxm;r,fhukwifae&mudka&mufawmh

wGef;vSnf;ukwifay:uae olY ukwifay:udk r a&TUMuw,f/ tJ'D
tcsdefrSm olYrSmowdr&Sdawmhbl;vdkY xif&ayr,fh r a&TUvdkufwJhtcsdef
ykqdk;p vGwfoGm;wmudk olodaeovdkygyJ/ vufu vSrf;qGJaew,f/
'gayr,fh rsufvHk;uawmh vHk;0yGifhrvmygbl;/ uRefawmfwdkY cPw
jzKwfaeNyD; aemufaeYrSmvmawmhr,fvdkY pdwful;NyD;jyefcJhMuw,f/ tdrf
a&muft0wftpm;vJNyD; uRefawmf tvkyfvkyfaewJh vQyfwpfjyuf
*sme,fwdkufudk xGufvmcJhw,f/ vrf;ckvyfrSm rarT;qDu zkef;0ifvm
w,f/ oef;jrifhatmif qHk;NyDwJh/ tJ'g oHk;em&DcGJavmufyJ&Sdtkef;r,f/
b,fvrkd S xifrxm;bl;/ *sme,fwu
kd f a&mufNyD; aq;HBk uD;udk vdu
k o
f mG ;zdYk
pDpOfawmh r&Sdawmhbl;/ a&a0;udk o,foGm;MuNyDwJh/
olYtokbudpNyD; wpfywfavmufaeawmh yef;csD?yef;yk tpnf;
tHk;(A[dk)rSm uRefawmfhemrnfeJY &xm;wJhjyyGJ&ufudk olYtrSwfw&
yef;csDjyyGJvkyfzdkY pDpOfvdkufw,f/ a&mif;&wJhtxJu tvSLcHNyD;olYrdb
awGudk oGm;uefawmhzdkY &nf&G,fNyD;jyyGJvkyfvdkufygw,f/ jyyGJ&ufrSm
vGefcJhwJh (14-5)&ufavmufu ouf&Sdxif&Sm;?olxdkifoGm;cJhwJhxdkifcHk
uav;udkMunfhNyD; pdwfraumif;jzpfaerdw,f/
bmrSrMumvdkufygbl; uRefawmfwdkY c&D;oGm;cJhMuwm uRefawmfwdkY
jyyGJvkyfcJhMuwm uRefawmfwdkY atmuf'dk;&;cJhMuwm bmrS rMumvdkuf
ygbl;/ &ufydkif;av;yJ 'D&ufydkif;av;rSm aysmfaysmfyg;yg; c&D;oGm;cJhMu?
oDcsif;wat;at;eJY yef;csDqGJcJhMu? olaemufqHk;ygcJhwJh pme,fZif;
okyfazmfyef;csDjyyGJrSm tcsKd;rajywJhyef;csDq&mwpfa,mufudk xkd;r,f
Budwfr,fvkyfvdkY azsmifhzscJh&wmawGudk jrifaerdao;w,f/ wu,f
awmhvnf; xkd;wJhBudwfwJhtvkyfudk ol 0goemrygrSef; uRefawmfodyg
w,f/ 'gayr,fh a'gotavQmuf jzpfoGm;rSmudk uRefawmf pdk;&drfrd
cJhw,f/ wu,f bmrSrMumvdkufygbl;/
(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)

yef;csDOD;jynfhpHk&JUopfyifpkdufyGJeJY yef;csDoef;0if;xGef;&JU Mobile Art

Exhibition ukd (30?7?2014)&ufu 0rf;wGif;NrdKUe,f? av;rsufESmpHjy
aus;&Gm rlvwef;ausmif;rSm usif;yjyKvkycf yhJ gw,f/ 'ghtjyif av;rsufEmS
pHjyaus;&Gmrlvwef;ausmif;rSm ynmoifMum;aeMuwJh uav;i,frsm;
ukd pma&;ud&d,mrsm; ay;tyfvSL'gef;cJhw,fvkdYqkdygw,f/ yef;csDoef;0if;
xGef;[m olU&JU(5)Budrfajrmuf wpfukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJjzpfwJh Mobile
Art Exhibtion uk d (1?11?2013)&uf u ae (6?11?2013)&uf t xd
avmuewfyef;csDjycef;rSmjyoNyD;wJhaemufykdif;upNyD; aus;vufawm&Gm
rsm;tygt0if NrdKUe,fawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u uav;i,frsm;twGuf&nf
HTA
&G,fNyD; Mobile yef;csDjyyGJukd cif;usif;jyocJhwmjzpfygw,f/

Honey Drop yef;csDjycef;opfzGifh

Honey Drop Art Gallery

ukd trSwf56^57OD;0dpm&vrf; a&Twd*kH

bk&m;taemufrkcf?'*kHNrdKUe,frSm&SdwJh Myanmar Culture Valley rSm 108-2014 &ufu pwifzGifhvSpfcJhygw,f/ tJ'Dyef;csDjycef;rSm6-8-2014
&ufeJY 7-8-2014 &ufwkdYu armf',fvufawGUa&;qGJyGJrsm;a&;qGJcJhMuNyD;
10-8-2014 &ufrSmrS jycef;ukd pwifzGifhvSpfcJhwmyg/ Honey Drop
Art Gallery rSmyef;csDq&m 30 ausmf&JU vuf&mpkHukd csdwfqGJjyoxm;
wmjzpfygw,f/
tJ'Djycef;udk reuf 9 em&Duae n 10 em&Dtxd zGifhvSpf
HTA
jyoa&mif;csay;oGm;r,fvkdY od&ygw,f/

yef;csD ZeD;armifEw
HS &Ydk YJ
Together Forever yef;csjD yyGJ
rEav;yef;csDq&m
rsm;jzpf M uwJ h yef ; csD
cif a rmif p ef ; eJ Y y ef ; csD
cifeef;pH ZeD;armifESHwkdY&JU
Together Forever vkYd
trnfay;xm;wJh yef;csD
jyyG J u k d rE a v;awmif
yef ; csD j ycef ; rS m (9?8?
2014)&uf u ae(13?8?
2014)&uf t xd cif ;
usif; jyorSmjzpfygw,f/
'D j yyG J r S m yef ; csD
cifarmifpef;&JU a&aq;
yef;csDvuf&m(50)eJY yef;csD
cifeef;pH&JU tcdkif;vpf
vuf&m(50)wkdYukd pkpnf;
jyoMurSmjzpfygw,f/ yef;csDcifeef;pH[m (3)vtwGif; aeYrtdyf?nrtdyf
Bud K ;pm;a&;qG J x m;wJ h y ef ; csD u m;awG x J u taumif ; qH k ; um;awG u k d
wpfukd,fawmfjyozkdY &nf&G,fcJhayr,fh olU&JUwpfukd,fawmfyef;csDjyyGJukd
rvkyfjzpfao;cif? cifyGef;onf yef;csDcifarmifpef;eJYwGJzufNyD; Together
Forever vkdYtrnfay;xm;wJh yef;csDjyyGJukd pwifcif;usif;jzpfwmjzpfyg
w,f/ jyyGJjyocsdefuawmh aeYpOfeHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(5)em&Dtxd
HTA
jzpfygw,f/

uRefawmfhukdpum;ajymcGifhay;wmu tvGefBuD;jrwfwJhqkvmbfyg/
'gayr,fh uRefawmfrajymjzpfcJhygbl;/ ajymcsifwmu
]]ukdjrwfckdifa& . . ./
uRefawmfwkdYtm;vHk;[m ukd,fhorkdif;ukd ukd,fwkdifa&;aeMuwmyg/
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vJ olUorkdif;ukd olukd,fwkdifyJa&;cJhNyD/ *VKefOD;apm
vJ olUorkdif;ukdolyJa&;cJhygNyD/
ukdjrwfckdifa& . . ./
uRefawmftvGefcspfcif&? av;pm;&wJh q&mjrwfckdifvJ ukd,fhorkdif;
ukd ukd,fwkdifa&;aewmyJaygh? uRefawmfvJtwlwlyg/
'gayr,fh wpfckawmh&Sdygw,f/
orkdif;&JU ol&Jaumif;rjzpfcsifvJ aeygap/ ]]orkdif;w&m;cH}}rjzpf
zkdYawmh ykdNyD;ta&;BuD;wmayghAsm/
cspfcifav;pm;pGm
*kPfxl;OD;odef;Ekdif
rSwfcsuf/ / 'gjzifh bmvkdYrajymcJhvJvkdYar;p&m&Sdw,f/ tJ'DyGJrSm
u ]]vkdif;aygif;vJpHk *kdPf;aygif;vJpHk}}avawmh wcsKdUvlawG&JU&ifbwf
ukd wnfhwnfhBuD;rSefukefrSmpkd;vkdYaygh/ /

]jrwfckdifr,kdifeJY}
jrwfckdifarG;aeY xkdpmwrf;uav;ukd trSwfw&a&;ay;cJhonf/
olUtwGuf uRefawmf\arG;aeYvufaqmif jzpf onf/ jrwfckdifonf
udkukdBuD;us,fvnf;jzpfvsuf *sme,frD'D,mavm
uvnf; taumifBuD;BuD;jzpf ygvsuf ]jrwfcidk }f ukd
jrwfckdif[kac:jcif; cGifhvTwfapcsifygonf/ ,aeY
jrefrmpmayavmu jrwfckdifonf tawmfBuD;
aom taumifwpfaumifjzpfaeygonf/
jrwfcidk \
f arG;aeYudk em&DrmS ; (11)em&D usif;y
rnfhyGJukd uRefawmfu (10)em&DxJua&mufaeonfh
rS w f w rf ; a&;&m {nf h o nf r S w f w rf ; yxrqH k ;
a&;oljzpfcJhonf/ touf(58)ESpfjynfharG;aeYqkd
awmh (66)ESp&f adS om uRefawmfu olUxuf touf
(8)ESpBf uD;onf/ nDi,frsm;vkcd ifrifMuonfrh Eav;
odef;aZmfwkdY? yef;csDvSxGPf;atmifwkdYESifhrS olUt
oufurwdr;f r,dr;f / okaYd omf olUjzwfoef;rIawGu
tcsKd;tauGU? twdrf;tapmif;? t,kdifteJYawGrsm;
vGef;onf/
(1984-85-86)0ef;usifwGif OD;wifa&TwkdY\
*Dwowif;pOf*sme,fwGif wm0efcHt,f'Dwm t
jzpf ]jrwfckdif}[laom uavmiftrnfukdMum;zl;
onf/ aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fa&;vQifolUemrnf ]jrwf
ckdif}u pmvHk;a&(100)cefYygvGef; odyfMunfhr&/
ykdqkd;onfu olUuavmifav;t&Sdef &vmaom
tcg[kd&rf;onf&rf;? [kdcsonfcsESifh uavmifpGrf;
jycJh\/ uRefawmfonfyif jrwfckdif\twdkuftcdkuf
ukdtvl;tvJcHcJh&zl;onf/ pmaypifjrifhay:rS u
avmifvufa0SUa&;jyumuRefawmfu
h t
dk yDoyd zf Ydk zdwf
ac:cJhaomfvnf; ,SOf&rnf]aMumuf} ]a&Smif}
cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
jrwfckdifonf ]aMumuf}&rnfhyk*dKvfwpfOD; ]a&Smif}&rnfhyk*dKvfwpfOD;
]owdxm;}&rnfhyk*dKvfwpfOD;tjzpf uRefawmfowfrSwf&onf/ &efrrsm;
csifyJjzpfonf/ &efrrsm;&Jvnf;jzpfonf/ &efrrsm;0Hhvnf;jzpfonf/
uRefawmfhwGif ausmaxmufaemufcH ulrnfholr&Sd/
jrwfckdifaemufrSmu pD;yGm;a&;t&? tmPmt& taxmuftulay;
rnfholawGu t&efoifh/ pmayvkyfom;r*Zif;ukdifpOfu jrwfckdifaemuf
wGif pma&;q&molaX;BuD; armifarmifausmfESifhrkdYrkdYjrifhatmifwkdY rm;rm;
rwfrwf&yfcJhonf/ ]r[m}xkwfpOfu ]r[m}tzGJUu ausmaxmufaemuf
cH/ aemuf rD;&xm;0efBuD;? ,Ofaus;rI0efBuD; OD;0if;pdef/ ,ck vTwfawmf
ukd,fpm;vS,f aZurm olaX;BuD; OD;cifa&T? ukdatmifausmfOD;ESifhr*D
(oD&dpH)? yef;csDvSjrifhaqG? oHtrwfBuD; tNidrf;pm;0efBuD; tNidrf;pm;
pma&;q&m armifaqGoufESifh pma&;q&mrBuD; roufaqG/ [kd wpf
acwfu pma&;q&mrBuD; a'gufwmrwif0if;vnf; ]tar}tjzpf &yf
ay;cJhzl;onf/
jrwfckdifukd0ef;&HMuolrsm;xJwGif rEav;u a&SUaeodef;oef;OD;wkdY
vkd EkdifiHa&;tusOf;orm;a[mif;rsm;ygovkd rEav;odef;aZmfvkd? yef;csD
vSxGPf;atmifvkd tEkynmorm;rsm;vnf;ygonf/ axmufvSrf;a&;rSL;
csKyf AkdvfcsKyfBuD;a[mif; OD;cifGefYvkdyk*dKvfrsKd;vnf;ygonf/ orwBuD;
OD;odef;pdef? a':atmifqef;pkMunfESifh wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;ukdyg

olU"mwfyHkrSwfwrf;rsm;wGif txift&Sm;&Sdonf/ *sme,ftifwmAsL;orm;

yDyD tvTmpHk? e,fy,fpHk/
onfawmhvnf; jrwfckdifarG;aeYukd u&0dufcef;r usif;y&m

nmbuf jcrf;wGif Akv

d f
csKyfBuD;a[mif;cifGefYESifh oH
trwf0efBuD;a[mif; armifoufaqGwkdYZeD;armifESHESifh b,f
bufjcrf;wGif trsKd;om;'Dru
dk a&pD tzGUJ \ trmcHuAsmq&meDvOkH ;D ?
rHk&Gmatmif&SifESifh kyf&Siftpnf;tHk; em,u tu,f'rDOD;atmifvGif
wkdYukdawGU&onf/ Ou| OD;vlrif;vmovkd? Zmwfobifu armifcsrf;
omwkdY? aZmf0if;armifwkdY? cspfcspfaZmfwkdY? OD;a&Teef;wifwkdYygvmMuonf/
q&marmif,OfausmfESifh owif;pmq&mrsm;? q&mukdjrifhxGef;ESifh xkwf
a0olrsm;? onftxJwGif acwfay:axmifxGuf bPfvkyfief;&SifBuD;
vnf;jzpf tmPm&SifOD;ae0if;\ajr;vnf;jzpfonfh ]OD;at;ae0if;}vnf;
wufa&mufcsD;jrifh\/ jrwfckdif\ i,faygif;? BuD;aygif;? tvTmpHk? t
a&mifpHk/
jrwfckdif\arG;aeYyGJonf a&mifpHkjc,fIyf,Sufcwfaeaom aq;
a&mifpHkyef;csDum;wpfcsyfvkdjzpfaeonf/ pdwZyef;csD? armf'efyef;csDum;
wpfcsyfvkdjzpfaeonf/ pdwZyef;csD? armf'efyef;csD[k uifyGef;wyfcH&onfh
yef;csDum;csyf\pkwfcsufrsm;ES,f pkwfcsufxlxlMurf;Murf;? pkwfcsuf
a&arsmurf;wif? pkwfcsuf uAsm&eHYoif;oif;? tcif;tusif;u em;
vnf &cufvSonf/
jrwfckdifukd ,ck(2010)0ef;usifwGif uRefawmf eD;eD;uyfuyf qHkawGU

jzpfonf/ olUOD;aESmuf? olUESvHk;om;? olUpdwf"mwfukd ol&ifbwfxJ0if

rMunfhbJ uRefawmftvkdvkdodaeonfhtcsuf&Sdonf/
jrwfckdifonf &JvGef;onf/
olvkyfcsifaomtvkyfukd rnfoluJh&JUuJh
&JU tqH;k xdvyk o
f nf/ tvkycf ef;onf olUtdr?f
vrf;rrsm;? jrpfacsmif;rsm;? awmifwef;rsm;?
yifv,frsm;onf olUtvkyfpcef;/ aeYrtm;?
nrtm;c&D;vnf;oGm;onf/ tvkyfvnf;rsm;
onf/ &efvnf;rsm;onf/ cspfolcifolvnf;
rsm;onf/ Munfhr&olvnf;rsm;onf/
jrwfckdifonf BudK;IyfvGef;onf/
oHa,mZOfawGrsm;vGef;vnf; tjiifAef;
tjrift&oHa,mZOfr&Sdol? oHa,mZOfjywfol
[kxif&aomfvnf; olU&ifbwfwGif oHa,m
ZOfBudK;awGIyfaeonf/ txl;ojzifh xl;jcm;
vGef;aom olUtcsufrSm ]&Jabmf&Jbuf} pdwf
jzpfonf/ wkdY&Gmom;eJYwjcm;&Gmom;&efjzpf&if
wkdY&Gmom;bufuqkdaom vlrsKd;jzpfonf/ 'g
aMumifhvnf; jrwfckdifukd olBuD;[kac:Mujcif;
jzpfonf/ jrwfckdiftvJxkd; BudK;0kdif;twGif;rS
vJus vGifhpifoGm;&olawG&Sdovkd jrwfckdifu,f
a&pkefrepfolrsm;? csrf;omausmfMum;oGm;ol
rsm;vnf;trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ jrwfckdifukduRef
awmf rkef;Munfhonfrkef;r&/ a&SmifMunfh
onf/ a&Smifr&/ ta&;BuD;vQifacgifxkd;cH
rnfholUukdtaygif;toif;tjzpfuRefawmf tvkd
vkd vufcHrdNyD;jzpfonf/
jrwfckdifonf olUvrf;ukdolxGif avQmuf
aeonf/
vuf0Jvm;? vuf,mvm;/
vuf0J? vuf,mpHkvSonf/
jrwfckdiftaMumif; ,ckaqmif;yg;a&;aepOf
uRefawmfx
h o
H Ydk q&mBuD;*kPx
f ;l OD;ode;f Ekid af &muf
&S d v mygonf / ]jref r mpmaycspf j rwf E k d ; ol r sm;
toif;} Ou|taejzifh tpnf;ta0;vmwufjcif;
jzpfygonf/ tpnf;ta0;rprD ]jrwfckdifr,kdifeJY}aqmif;yg;ESifh jrwfckdif
taMumif;pum;pyfrd&mjrwfckdifarG;aeYuAsm&Gwf? pum;ajymcJhayr,fh&if
xJupum;wpfcGef;ukdajymcsifvsufeJY rajymxGufcJh[kqkdygonf/jrwfckdif
twGuq
f &m*kPx
f ;l OD;ode;f Ekid af jymrxGucf ?hJ ajymrxGuv
f u
kd af ompum;rSm
]vlqkdwm ukd,hforkdif; ukd,fwkdifa&;aeMuwmyg/
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vJ olUorkdif;ukd olukd,fwkdifa&;cJhNyD;
*VKefOD;apmvJ olUorkdif;ukd olyJa&;cJhwmyJ}
]ukd,fhorkdif;ukd ukd,fwkdifa&;wmaygh}
'gayrJh wpfckawmh&Sdygw,f/
orkdif;&JUol&Jaumif;rjzpf&if&Sdygap
orkdif;w&m;cHrjzpfzkdY ykdNyD;ta&;BuD;wmayghAsm}
rSwfom;xdkufwJhpum;yg ukdjrwfckdif/
jrwfckdifukd w&m;cHtjzpf rjrifcsifyg/
jrwfckdifr,kdifeJY . . .

a':atmifqef;pkMunftm; orwwifajrmufaMumif; owif;a&;cJUonfU Bi rGef;wnfUae*sme,f

owif;orm;rsm;tm; yk'fr 505(c) jzifU pwifHk;xkwfppfaq;

&ef u k e f Mo*k w f 4
Bi rGef;wnfhae tywfpOfxkwf owif;*sme,f ydkif&SifESifh owif;
t,f'Dwmrsm;? owif;axmufrsm;udk Mo*kwfv (4)&ufaeYu yk'fr
505(c)^34 jzifh yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f w&m;Hk;wGif pwifHk;xkwfppfaq;
cJhonf/
vmrnfh a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf vlxkacgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pk
Munftm; Mum;jzwftpdk;& wifajrmufaMumif; 'Drkdua&pDpOfqufrjywf
vIyf&Sm;a&;tzGJU (MDCF)\ xkwfjyefcsuftm; owif;a&;om;azmfjy
cJhaomaMumifh yk'fr 5(C)^n? yk'fr 505(c)^34 wdkYjzifh pGJcsufwifxm;
jcif;tm; yef;nKwef;NrdKUe,f w&m;olBuD;u yk'rf 505(c)^34 wpfrw
I nf;
udkom vufcHppfaq;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/
pGJcsufwifxm;onfh yk'frrsm; avQmhayghvdkufjcif;onf EkdifiHawmf

w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SaU eOD;udek \

D a[majymyGJ
oHCmawmfrsm; uefYuGufcH&

orwOD;odef;pdefESifh jrefrmEdkifiHpme,fZif;aumifpD(,m,D)wdkY awGUqHkcJh

jcif;aMumifhjzpfEkdifaMumif; Bi rGef;wnfhae owif;orm;rsm;\ trItm;
vdkufvHaqmif&Gufay;aeonfh a&SUae OD;a&mbwfpef;atmifu oHk;oyf
onf/ ]]owif;rD'D,mawGuvnf; tckrS ay:cgpqdkawmh trSm;t,Gif;
awmh tenf;tusOf;&SdMuwmaygh? 'gayr,fh pme,fZif;aumifpDawG
ay:vmawmhvnf; aemifudkawmh ndndEdIif;EdIif; vkyfMurSmyg/ tck trI
avQmhwJhudpuawmh pme,fZif;aumifpDeJYawGUtNyD; orwBuD;&JU apwem
udk uRefawmfwdkY toD;tyGifh yxrqHk;cHpm;vdkuf&wmyJ}}[k OD;a&mbwf
pef;atmifu ajymonf/ Ekid if aH wmforwOD;ode;f pdeEf iS hf jrefrmEkid if H pme,f
Zif;aumifpD(,m,D)'kwd,Ou| OD;aqmifaomtzGJUonf Mo*kwfv (1)
&ufaeYu aejynfawmf awGUqHkcJhMuonf/
Bi rGef;wnfhaeowif;*sme,fwGif vlxkacgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;

pkMunftm; Mum;jzwftpdk;& wifajrmufaMumif; 'Drkdua&pDpOfqufrjywf

vIyf&Sm;a&;tzGJU (MDCF)\ xkwfjyefcsufudk udk,fwdkifowif;a&;om;
cJhonfhtwGuf ta&;,lcHae&onfh udkausmfaZm[def;(c)rif;0efu
orwu jypfrIyk'frtcsKdUudk avQmhcsay;jcif;tm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif;
ajymonf/ Bi rGef;wnfhaeowif;*sme,fydkif&Siftygt0if w&m;&ifqdkif
ae&onfh owif;orm;(5)OD;teuf wpfOD;jzpfonfh udk&Jrif;atmiftm;
jyefvnfvTwfay;cJhonf/ ]]w&m;pGJzdkYtwGuf tajccHtcsuftvuf rvHk
avmufbl;vdkY ,lqwJhtwGuf vGwfoGm;wmyg/ w&m;pGJwifEkdif&atmif
oufaocHcsufrpHv
k ifvYkd vGwo
f mG ;wm}}[k a&SUae OD;a&mbwfpef;atmif
u ajymonf/
owif;orm;rsm;tm; w&m;pGJqdkaxmifcsjcif;onf EkdifiHawmforw
OD;odef;pdefvufxufwGif ydkqdk;&Gm;vmNyD; jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;tajymif;
tvJonfvnf; owif;orm;rsm; ydk owdjyK&rnfhtcsufjzpfvm
aMumif; Bi rGef;wnfhae owif;*sme,f owif;orm;rsm; Hk;xkwfoHk;
oyfajymqdkaqG;aEG;rIrsm; &Sdvmonf/
jynfwGif;owif;*sme,fwpfapmifu owif;axmufudkxufEkdif
aZmfu ]]tck jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;opf OD;&JxG#fu 2005 ckESpfuwnf;u
pvdkY olu wm0ef,lvmwm? jyefMum;a&;rSm awmfawmf ta&xlaeNyD
aygh/ rD'D,mawGudk b,fvdkqufqH&rvJ? tpdk;&eJY rD'D,mMum;rSm b,f
vdk y#dyuawG&Sdvnf; aumif;aumif;em;vnfw,f/ 'gayr,fh olY&JU
em;vnfrIeJY tpdk;&bufudka&m rD'D,mawGudka&m xdef;ndNyD; vkyfoGm;
r,fqdkaumif;w,f/ aemufwpfck&Sdwmu olu t&rf;wwfawmh rD'D
,mawGudk zdESdyfrSmaMumufw,f? tJ'Dvdkjzpf&ifawmh raumif;bl;? vkyf
EkdifwJholwpfa,mufwufvmwmawmh BudKqdkw,f/ 'gayr,fh tJ'gu
taumif;bufudk oGm;&ifawmh ydkNyD; tqifajyr,f}}[k ajymonf/
EkdifiHawmforwOD;odef;pdefu NyD;cJhonfh&ufydkif;wGif jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;
OD;atmifMunfudk oabmqEtwdkif; wm0efrS em;cGifhjyKcJhNyD; owif;
rD'D,mrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifonfh jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;OD;&JxG#fudk jyefMum;
a&;0efBuD;tjzpf ajymif;vJcefYtyfcJhonf/
trI&ifqdkifae&onfh BirGef;wnfhae tywfpOfxkwfowif;*sme,f
owif;orm;rsm;\ rdom;pkrsm; tqifajya&;twGuf owif;rD'D,m
tzGJUrsm;? owif;axmufrsm;u wwfEkdifonfhbufrS ulnDrIrsm;ay;ae
onf/ Bi rGef;wnfhaeowif;orm;rsm;udk vmrnfh Mo*kwfv (14)&uf
apmzdk;cGm;
aeYwiG f 'kw,
d tBudrf H;k xkwpf pfaq;rnfjzpfonf/

rEav;y#dyuupdk wifapcJo
h nfh rk'rd ;f rIjzpfpOftm; vdrn
f mwkid Mf um;ol ruwH;k rESichf idk ;f apolrsm;ukd
vHNk cKH a&;wif;usypf mG jzifh ysO;f rem;w&m;H;k wGif &ufqufppfaq;ae

&ef u k e f Mo*k w f 3
w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUae OD;udkeD OD;aqmifa[majymonfh yDtm&fpepf
uefYuGufaMumif;a[majymyGJudk rsKd;cspfoHCmhtzGJU[kqdkaom oHCmhtzGJU
wpfzGJUu vma&mufuefYuGufNyD; yGJzsuf&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuonf/
Mo*kwfv (3)&ufaeYu &efukef? A[ef;NrdKUe,f&Sd AdkvfpdefrSefuGif;
jyKvkyfaom a[majymyGJwGif bmomjcm;wpfOD;jzpfonfh OD;udkeD a[majym
aomaMumifh vufrcHojzifh vma&mufuefYuGufcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; a[majym
yGJudk BuD;Muyfaeonfh AdkvfBuD;a[mif;aersKd;Zifu ,if;rsKd;cspfoHCmawmf
tzGJUtm; ndEdIif;ajyvnfatmif ajymqdkaqG;aEG;cJhjcif;aMumifh yGJzsufodrf;
onftxd rjzpfcJhbJ oHCmawmfrsm; jyefvnfxGufcGmoGm;onf/

,if;a[majymyGJodkY <ua&mufvmonfh &cdkifq&mawmf OL;&u0Ho

u ]]tckvmwmu jyemrjzpfapcsifvdkYvmwm? avmavmq,f ajz
&Sif;csufawmh bmrSrajymvdkbl;}}[k rdefYonf/
,if;a[majymyGJudk wufa&mufowif;,lcJhonfh trsKd;orD;owif;
axmufwpfOD;u ]]vmNyD;uefYuGufwJhoHCmawGudk "mwfyHkvdkufdkufawmh
tJ'DoHCmawGu "mwfyHktdkufrcHMubl;? NyD;awmh um;iSm;NyD;xGufoGm;
Muw,f}}[k ajymonf/
,if;a[majymyGJwGif w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaeOD;udkeDESifhtwl pma&;
q&mOD;xifvif;OD;? jynfolYtusKd;aqmifuGef&ufu OD;0if;csKdwdkY a[m
ajymcJhMuonf/ w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaeOD;udkeDu jynfolvlxktaejzifh
yDtm&fpepfudk rBudKufygu uefYuGufaMumif; &J0HhpGm awmif;qdkMu&ef
vdktyfaMumif; a[majymcJhonf/ w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUae OD;udkeD\ a[m
ajymyGJrsm;tm; rMumcP wm;jrpfjcif;rsm; BuHKae&onf/
apmzd k ; cG m ;

aejynf a wmf ? Mo*k w f ( 6)

rEav;y#dyuukd t"dupwifapcJhonfh rk'drf;rIjzpfpOftm; vdrfnm
wkdifMum;trIzGifhcJhol rjzLjzLrif;(c)uwHk;rESifh vdrfnmtrIzGifh&efckdif;apcJh
ol uk d & J x G # f E S i f h rEk E k j rwf w k d Y t m; ysOf ; rem;Nrd K Ue,f w&m;H k ; wG i f
vHkNcHKa&;wif;usyfpGmjzifh &ufqufppfaq;aeaMumif; od&onf/
rjzLjzLrif;(c)ruwHk;ronf rpkd;pkd; trnfvTJjzifh rEav;NrdKU?
(28)vrf;ESi(hf 82)vrf;axmif&h dS qef;uzD; vufzuf&nfqidk \
f qkid 0f efxrf;
vkyfaepOf qkdif&SifnDtpfukdESpfOD;rSm aejynfawmf&Sd vufzuf&nfqkdif
wGif ajymif;a&TUtvkyfvkyf&rnf[kqkdum ac:aqmifoGm;NyD; om;r,m;
jyKusifhcJhaMumif; ysOf;rem;NrdKUe,fw&m;Hk;wGif vdrfnmtrIzGifhwkdifwef;cJh
onf/
,if;uJhokdY vdrfnmtrIzGifhwkdifwef;jcif;rSm ukd&JxG#fESifh rEkEkjrwf
qkdolwkdYrS aiGusyfq,fodef;ay; apckdif;rIaMumifhjzpfaMumif; rIcif;
ppfaq;csufrsm;ukd tpkd;&u xkwfjyefxm;onf/ rjzLjzLrif;(c)ruwHk;r
\a,mufsm;jzpfol ukdrif;ol&aZmf(c)ukdEkdrkd[mrufrSm (2013)ckESpf

rl;,pfaq;0g;rIESifhtrI&ifqkdifae&csdefwGif ukd&JxG#fESifh rEkEkjrwfwkdYu

trIrv
S w
G af jrmufa&;twGuf tultnDay;cJ&h mrS &if;ES;D cJNh yD; (2014)ckEpS ?f
{NyDvwGif uwHk;r\ a,mufsm;jzpfol ukdrif;ol&aZmfonf rEav;cdkif
w&m;Hk;u axmif'Pf(16)ESpfcsrSwfcHcJh&NyD; a,mufsm;jzpfol axmifus
um aiGvkdaecsdefwGif ukd&JxG#fESifhrEkEkjrwfwkdYu aiGusyf(10)odef;ay;
rnf[kaoG;aqmifcJhaomaMumifh trIvdrfvnfzGifhcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;vnf;
tpkd;&xkwfjyefcsuft&od&onf/
rjzLjzLrif ; (c)ruwH k ; rES i f h vd r f n mck d i f ; apol r sm;tm; yk ' f r
5(C)^(i)^(n) wkdYjzifh Hk;wifppfaq;aeonfhtjyif apckdif;ol rEkEkjrwf
ESiu
hf &dk x
J #G w
f t
Ydk m; Ekid if o
H m;uwfEpS cf u
k idk af qmifxm;onft
h wGuf v0u
Oya'yk ' f r 61? 62wk d Y j zif h Mo*k w f v (6)&uf a eY u H k ; xk w f & mwG i f
xyfrHHk;wifcH&aMumif;od&onf/ ruwHk;rtrIjzpfpOftm; vHkNcHKa&;
wif;usyfpGmjzifh &ufqufppfaq;ae&onfhtwGuf ysOf;rem;NrdKUe,fw&m;
Hk;&Sd useftrIrsm;ukd qkdif;iHhxm;&aMumif;od&onf/
apmzk d ; cG m ;

Ooredoo

qif;(ef)uwfESifh Handset vufaqmifay;&jcif;&nf&G,fcsuf Ooredoo

rSxw
k af zmfajymMum;

Ooredoo qif;rfu'frsm;udk 1500 usyfwnf;ESifY rdbNynfolrsm;xH pwifa&mif;csay;onf

txdrf;trSwftjzpf yGJOD;xGufaMumfjimtNzpf tcrJhay;oHk;onfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk Mo*kwfv 2
&ufaeYu usif;ycJYaom txl;pme,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJtcrf;tem;wGif Ooredoo jrefrm\
tvkyftrIaqmif t&m&SdcsKyf Ross Cormack u &Sif;vif;ajymMum;pOf/

Ooredoo qif;(ef)uwfEi
S hf Handset vufaqmifay;onft
h ay:
*,ufrsm; kdufcwfvsuf&Sd&m Ooredoo rS roD&dMumndKu prf;
oyf u mvwG i f Ooredoo jref r m\ 3G uG e f & uf M unf v if j ywf
om;onfhtoH? jrefEIef;jrifhtifwmeufrsm;ukd prf;oyftokH;jyK
vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd tBuHjyKay;ap&ef&nf&G,faMumif;? Handset rSm
UMT 2500 enf;ynmukd taxmuftuljyKonfhzkef;rsm; aocsm
apcsifonft
h wGujf zpfaMumif; jrefrmjynforkid ;f wGi&f aprnfah eYwiG f
cspfcifav;pm;&aom pme,fZif;rdwfaqGrsm;ukd twlwlaysmf&Tifap
vdkojzifh txdrf;trSwftjzpf? trSwfw&tjzpfay;&jcif;jzpfaMumif;?
jrefrmhxkH;wrf;tpOftvmt& aeYxl;aeYjrwftxdrf;trSwftjzpf vl
trsm;\ pdwf\csrf;omjcif;? ukd,f\csrf;omjcif;jynfh apzkdY&nf&G,f
ygaMumif;xkwaf zmfajymMum;cJo
h nf/
YOH

AP owif;XmerS

owif;axmuf
OD;cifarmif0if; owif;Xmepnf;urf;t&
vufaqmifypnf;wefzdk; 25 a':vmausmfae
ooredoo vufaqmif jyefvnfay;tyfcJh

ooredoo vufaqmifonf ypnf;wefzdk; 25 a':vmausmfvGef

aeojzifh AP owif;XmerS owif;axmufOD;cifarmif0if;onf
if;\ owif;Xmepnf;urf;t& ooredoo vufaqmifypnf;tm;
jyefvnfay;tyfcJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ ooredoo vufaqmifESifh
jrefrmjynfwGif Ooredoo ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;NyD/ jrefrmjynfwGif Ooredoo \ 0efaqmifrIrsm;pwif
onfhtaeESifY Mo*kwfv 2 &ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKUESifhaejynfawmfNrdKUrsm;wGif vlxkudkazsmfajzyGJrsm;
wifqufjyojcif;jzifY tyef;ajzMuyHk/

ywfouf pme,fZif;rsm;tMum; tjiif;yGm;zG,frsm;vnf;&SdcJhonf/

&efukefNrdKU wkwfwef;&Sd Ooredoo oD;oefYta&mif;qdkifMuD;/ jrefrmjynfwGif qif;rfu'frsm;udk
1500 usyfwnf;ESifY 0,f,lEkdifNyD jzpfaMumif; Mo*kwfv 2 &ufaeYu Ooredoo aMujimcJh/

YOH

qif;rfu'frsm;udk 1500 usyfESifY a&mif;csay;aeNyD[laom w&m;0ifowif;

xkwfjyefcsuftNyD;wGif trsm;Nynfolrsm; Ooredoo
Ooredoo vufvDta&mif;qdkifrsm;a&SUwGif pDwef;
um 0,f,laeyHk/
Ooredoo
Ooredoo

qif;rfu'frsm;udk 1,500 usyfESifh a&mif;csay;aeNyD[laom w&m;0ifowif; xkwfjyef

csuf tNyD;wGif trsm;jynforl sm; Ooredoo vufvt
D a&mif;qdik rf sm; a&SUwGipf w
D ef;um0,f,al eyH/k
Ooredoo

OD;qef;qifhtrI omoema&;'k0efBuD; w&m;vkdjyoufaoxGufqkdOD;qef;qifUtm; wpfywfvQif ESpf&uf

wk;d jri Uf ;kH xkwpf pfrnf
wpfywfvQif ESpf&uftxd wkd;jrifhppfaq;oGm;
rnfjzpfaMumif; if;uqufvufajymonf/
]]trIudpeJYywfoufNyD; tcktcsdefrSmrSwf csuf
ay;zkt
Yd &rf;apmvGe;f ao;w,f? apmvGe;f ao;wJh
twGuf oHk;oyf&ifrSm; oGm;Ekdifw,f}}[ka&SUae
OD;wifxGef;uajymonf/
NyD;cJhonfh Zlvkdifv(30)&ufu ig;Budrf
ajrmufHk;csdef;wGif usef;rma&; raumif;aom
aMumifh OD;qef;qifhuw&m;Hk;okdY aq;tmrcH
avQmufxm;cJah omfvnf;w&m;H;k rSyvyfco
hJ nf/
OD;qef;qifh\Hk;csdefrsm;wGif rdom;pk0ifrsm;ESifh
tjcm;aqGrsKd;wynfhrsm;ukd OD;qef;qifhESifhawGU
qHkcGifhay;xm;onf/ OD;qef;qifh\rdom;pk0if
rsm;u trIupd E iS yhf wfouf owif;rD',
D mrsm;
aejynf a wmf ? Mo*k w f ( 6)
zrf;qD;cH&xm;NyD; w&m;&ifqidk af e&onfh omoema&;0efBuD;a[mif;
OD ; qef ; qif h \ trI u d p E S i f h y wf o uf omoema&;'k 0 ef B uD ;
OD;armifarmifaX;u w&m;vkdjyoufaotjzpf vma&mufxGufqkdaMumif;
od&onf/
Mo*kwfv(6)&ufu OD;qef;qifh\(6)BudrfajrmufHk;csdef;wGif 'udP
cd k i f w &m;H k ; ok d Y v ma&muf OD ; qef ; qif h t m; w&m;pG J q k d x m;onf h
EkdifiHawmftMunfndKysufaprI yk'fr124(u)tm; w&m;vkdjyoufao
xGufqkdcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif; OD;qef;qifh\a&SUae OD;wifxGef;uajymonf/
OD;qef;qifhtm; wpfywfvQifwpf&ufHk;xkwfppf aq;aerItm;vnf;

okdYwpfpHkw&majymqkdjcif;r&Sdyg/ (6)BudrfajrmufHk;csdef;okdY vma&muf

avhvmcJhonfhvl&TifawmfOD;aA'gu ]]tb(OD;qef;qifh)u uRefawmfh&JU
q&morm;aus;Zl;&SifyHkpHrsKd;jzpfaewJhtwGufaMumifh um;dkuf &if;eJYvm
wmyg/ tbeJYawmhawGUcJh&w,f/ usefwmbmrSawmhrodcJh&bl;/ tbeJY
pum;ajymjzpfawmhtbuusef;rmygw,f? om;wkdYvnf; at;at;aq;
aq;ae MuvkdYrSmw,f}}[kajymonf/
omoema&;0efBuD;a[mif; OD;qef;qifhukd tywfpOfHk;xkwfppfaq;
&mwGiv
f NkH cHKa&;wif;usyfpmG csxm;rIaMumifo
h wif;rD',
D morm;rsm; owif;
&,l&efcufcJaeqJjzpfonf/ OD;qef;qifhukdMo*kwf(12)&uf ESifh(15)&uf
apmzk d ; cG m ;
wGif xyfrHHk;xkwfppfaq;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/

Super Moon (10? Mo*kwf 2014)wGif qlemrDjzpfp&mr&Sd[k OD;xGef;vGif&Sif;vif;ajymMum;

Super Moon

usa&mufrnfh 2014 Mo*kwf 10 &ufaeYwGif

qlemrDjzpfay:vmrnf[laom aumvm[mvrsm;xGufay:vsuf&SdNyD;
owday;EI;d aqmfcsufrsm; ysHUvGihf u
dk cf wfvsuf&jdS cif;aMumifh q&mOD;xGe;f
vGif(rdk;av0o)rS ]]qlemrDqkdwmvG,fvG,feJY rjzpfbl;}}[kxkwfazmf
ajymMum;cJhonf/ oufqkdif&mrSvnf; xl;uJ'Da& 7' aytxdom
wufEkdif zG,f&SdaMumif; oufqkdif&mrS owif;xkwfjyefxm;onf/
YOH

rufvHk;ay;NyD; cGJjcm;rIrsm;aMumifh 88 ta&;tcif;aemufydkif; 'Drkdua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;pkpnf;rI

tm;enf;vmaMumif; OD;rif;udkEkdif (88) zGifh[

Photo- zd k ; cG m ;

&ef u k e f Mo*k w f 8
trsKd;rsKd;aom rufv;kH rsm;ay;NyD; cGjJ cm;rIrsm;aMumifh (88)ta&;tcif;
umvaemufydkif;wGif 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkrsm; pkpnf;rI tm;enf;vmonf
udkawGU&aMumif; OD;rif;udkEkdif (88)u zGifh[ajymqdkonf/
Mo*kwfv (8)&ufaeYu (88)rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;
OD;pD; &efukef? oCFef;uRef;NrdKUe,fwGif usif;yaom &Spfav;vHk;ta&;
awmfyHk (26)ESpfjynfh txdrf;trSwftcrf;tem;wGif ajymjcif;jzpfonf/
]]oHCmxkxJrSmqdkvnf; oHCmxkudk cGJxm;wmyJ? jynfoljynfom;
awGxJrSmvnf; tpdwfpdwft>rm>rm cGJxm;wmyJ? EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkxJ
rSmvnf; 'Dtwdkif;yJ? zGJUpnf;yHk[m EdkifxufpD;eif;vkyfxm;w,f? tcGifh
xl;cHxm;w,f? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fcHxm;w,f? ododBuD;eJY tJ'Dtajymif;tvJ
udk ajymif;r,fvdkY tm;wif;wmeJY aemufxyf aemufxyf rufvHk;awG

taMumif;t&mawG ay:vmNyD;awmh
tmHkajymif;oGm;atmif BudK;pm;wJh
xJrmS Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pkvYkd ud,
k u
hf ,
kd f
ud,
k af c:wJo
h al wG 'Dru
dk a&pDvYkd ajym
wJ h o l a wG cRif ; csuf q d k N yD ; ygoG m ;yg
w,f}}[k OD;rif;udkEkdifu ajymonf/
'Dru
dk a&pDc&D;qufvrS ;f Mu&mwGif
rsKd;quftqufquf\ pdwfqErsm;
udkvnf; tav;teufem;axmif&ef
vdktyfaMumif; OD;rif;udkEkdifu rSwf
csufjyKonf/ ,aeYtcsdeftcgonf
'Dru
dk &ufwpf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
jzpf&ef BudK;pm;aeMuonfhtwGuf
2008 zGJUpnf;yHktajccH Oya'udk jyif
qif&ef wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh 'Drdku
a&pDtiftm;pkrsm; nDw
G pf mG BudK;pm;
Mu&ef vdktyfaeaMumif; OD;rif;udkEkdif

u oHk;oyfonf/
]]tpGJudk,fpDvnf;&SdMuovdk yef;wdkifwlayr,fh vkyfenf; vkyf[ef
wdkif;rSm uRefawmfwdkY t,ltqtrsKd;rsKd; uGJjym;wwfygw,f/ tJh'Dvdk
rsKd;rSm t&ifvdk vufcsif;csdwfNyD; wdkuf&wmeJY yHkoPmefuGmoGm;wJhtcg
rSm uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf topfwpfckjzpfvmw,f/ tJ'Dtopfudk t&if
vdk vufcsif;csdwfNyD;wdkufzdkY wcsKdUae&mawGrSm tcuftcJ&SdcJhwmtrSefyJ/
tJ'Dawmhudk,f,HkMunfwJhyHkpHeJY vkyfMuw,f? tJh'Dtay:udk uRefawmfwdkY
tjypfvnf; wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,mufrjrifapcsifbl;? yHkpHtopfudk pepf
uswJAh sL[meJaY wmh oGm;zdo
Yk ifw
h ,fvYkd ,HMk unfygw,f}}[k OD;rif; udEk idk u
f
ajymcJhonf/
apmzd k ; cG m ;

]vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fokdY qufoG,far;jref;vmMuonf
rsm;uk d xk w f E I w f w if j ytyf y gonf / }
vQyfwpfjyuf
[k w f u J h vQyf w pf j yuf o wif ; *sme,f u yg cif A sm .../
bmrsm;trde&Yf v
dS w
dk mygvdrAhf sm/ aMomf jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;OD;&Jx#G f
vufxufrSm owif;rD'D,mavmutwGuf bmawGxl;jcm;vmrvJ
qkdwmawmh wynhfawmfwkdYvnf; ravQmufwwfygbl;Asm/ ckavm
avmq,fawmh tmqD,HeJYywfoufNyD; tvkyfrsm;aeYwmrdkY apmifh
MunfhMu&rSmayghAsm [kwfuJh? a&eHacsmif;u q&marmifarmif0rf;udp
uawmh ADZmoufwrf;jynfhaeNyDvkdY rSwfcsufay;xm;ygw,fAs/
[kwfuJh ADZmoufwrf;ukefoGm;vkdY 'PfaMu;aqmifNyD; qufae
MuwJholawG&Sdw,fqkdvm;/ tJonfvdkawmh Mum;vdkufrdovm;
ayghAsm/ [kwfuJharmifarmif0rf;ukdawmh jynfESif'Pfay;vkdufwJh
twGuf xl;jcm;rIwpfckvkdYvnf; a0zefajymqkdrIawGMum;ae& ygw,f
Asm/ [kwfuJhvwfwavmrSmawmh q&marmifarmif0rf;onf xkdif;
EkdifiHrJaqmuf? csif;rkdifwkdYrSm ynm'gevkyfoGm;r,fvdkY Mum;ae&yg
w,fAsm/ tJ xkid ;f Ekid if rH mS awmhjzifh ADZmoufwrf;ukev
f q
Ydk Ndk yD; jynfEiS f
'Pfray;avmufbl;vdkY ,lq&ygw,fAsm [kwfuJh ../
[k w f u J h vQyf w pf j yuf o wif ; *sme,f u ygAsm .../
[kwfuJh bmrsm;ulnD&rSmvJAsm .. aMomf vQyfwpfjyufowif;
*sme,fukd a0zefMuwmawGukdbmrSrajymvdkygbl;Asm/ [kwfuJh vQyf
wpfjyufowif;*sme,f bmvJqkdwmvQyfwpfjyufy&dowf rsm;(u)
od&dS NyD;jzpfygw,fAsm/ [kwu
f hJ vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fu pme,f
Zif;usifh 0wfeJYtnD &yfwnfvsuf&Sdygw,fAsm [kwfuJh .../
[kwfuJh vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fu pum;ajymaeygw,f
Asm/
[kwu
f hJ trde&Yf ydS gAsm/ aMomf pme,fZif;&Si;f vif;yG?J owif;pm&Si;f
vif; yGJrsm;ukd zdwfpmay;ykdYr,fqkd&if w&m;0ifowif;vm,lavh&Sd
ygw,fAsm [kwfuJhwav;wpm;rzdwfMum;bl;qkd&ifjzifh a&;om;
azmfjyay;avh r&Sdygbl;Asm .../

(8)av;vH;k ta&;awmfykH (26)ESpjf ynfh

ta&;awmfyHkwGif usqHk;cJUolrsm;twGuf
&efuek Nf rKd aY wmfcef;ra&Sw
Y iG f qkawmif;arwmydo
Yk

Photo- zd k ; cG m ;

&ef u k e f Mo*k w f 8
&Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfyHkBuD;wGif usqHk;cJhaom &[ef;&Sifvlausmif;
om;jynfolrsm;twGuf Mo*kwfv (8)&ufaeYu &efukefNrdKUawmfcef;ra&SU
wGif bmomaygif;pHkrS q&mawmfBuD;rsm;ESifh jynfolvlxk (300)cefYu
qkawmif;arwmydkYocJhMuonf/
(1988)ckESpf Mo*kwfv (8)&ufwGif OD;ae0if;\ jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpf
vrf;pOfygwDukd vlwef;pm;tvTmaygif;pHk vrf;ray: wpfnw
D pfw
G w
f nf;
xGuf qEjycJhMuonfh vlxktHk<urIta&;tcif;BuD;onf (2014)ckESpf
Mo*kwfv (8)&ufaeYwGif (26)ESpfjynfhcJhNyD jzpfonf/
(1988)ta&;awmfyHkBuD;tm; jzwfoef;cJhzl;onfh a':pEmu ]]'D
NrdKUawmfcef;rBuD;a&SUrSm tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u ypfMucwfMu ausmif;om;
awGuvnf; xdik o
f ydwaf wGvyk Mf u? ausmif;om;vli,fawG? &[ef;&Siv
f l
awG aoaMuMuwm tcktcsdefxdrsufvHk;xJurxGufbl;? b,fawmhrS
arhvdkYr&wJh ta&;tcif;BuD;yJ}}[k ajymonf/
&efukefNrdKUawmfcef;ra&SUwGif qkawmif;arwmydkYoaom tcrf;tem;
odkY jynfya&muf (88)rsKd;quf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonfh
OD;rk;d oD;ZGeEf iS hf OD;armifarmifausmfwu
Ykd o0PfvmT rsm;udk ay;ydcYk MhJ uonf/
apmzd k ; cG m ;

vli,faw;oH&iS Ef pS Of ;D \uk,
d yf idk o
f pH Ofzefw;D rItjzpfxu
G &f v
dS maom rif;rSrif;ygyJ aw;pD;&D;ukd
&wemNrKd iaf w;oHoiG ;f rS jzefch srd nf
tem;rSL;tjzpfaqmif&GufNyD; &wemNrdKifaw;oHoGif;rS ukdcsef
[def;u trSmpum;ajymcJhonf/
]]wpfacGvHk;eD;yg; vufa&G;pifaw;oDcsif;rsm;omyg
0ifvkdY? BudKufESpfoufvkdY jzefYcsdcJhwmyg/ EkysKdvwfqwfwJh
tjrifeaYJ &;zGUJ xm;wJo
h cD sif;awGuvnf; qGaJ qmifr&I ydS gw,f/
txl;ojzifh ]]rif;rSrif;ygyJ}}oDcsif;ukd BudKufvkdY aw;pD;&D;
trnftxd ay;cJhwmyg}}[kajymcJhonf/
aw;oH&Sif James u ]]uRefawmf (5)yk'fa&;xm;
ygw,f/ vli,fawGjzpfwt
hJ wGuf vkt
d yfcsufawGtrsm;BuD;&Sd
ayr,ft
h zufzufu0kid ;f 0ef;yHyh ;dk cJw
h o
hJ il ,fcsif;rsm;udk aus;Zl;
wifygw,f/ *Dwavmuukd topfwpfa,muftaeESifh 0if
a&mufvmcJhwJhtwGuf apmifha&SmufMuzkdY arQmfvifh ygw,f}}
[kajymcJhonf/
vli,faw;oH&Sif James ESifh Eden Cho Gyi wkdYESpfOD; yl;aygif;
zefw;D xm;aom uk,
d yf idk o
f pH OftrsKd;tpm;jzpfonfh rif;rSrif;ygyJ aw;pD;&D;
pme,fZif;rsm;tm;rdwq
f uftyfEyHS u
JG dk &efuek Nf rdKU? r[mAEKvyef;NcH vrf;&Sd
Orchid Hotel jyKvkyfcJh&m q&matmifoQH0kdif;(usKdufra&m)u tcrf;

xkdaw;pD;&D;ukd JC upDpOfcJhNyD; aw;a&; Than Doe, James,

ESifh Nay Thit wkdYa&;zGJUxm;aomoDcsif;rsm;yg0ifNyD;
&wemNrdKifaw;oHoGif;rS (2014)ckESpf? Zlvkdif(31)&ufwGif jzefYcsdrnf
pk d ; pH x d k u f
jzpfaMumif;od&onf/
Eden Cho Gyi

cifopm[ef\ uRefrrSm;onf aw;pD;&D; bkdbkdaw;xkwfvkyfa&;rS Mo*kwf(8)&ufwGifjzefcY sdrnf

&ef u k e f ? Mo*k w f ( 6)
aw;oH&Sifcifopm[ef\ ]]uRefrrSm;onf}}aw;pD;&D;ukd pme,fZif;

rsm;xH rdwfquftyfESHonfhtcrf;tem;ukd (2014)ckESpf?

Mo*kwf(6)&uf wGif &efukefNrdKU? r[mAEKvyef;NcHvrf;&Sd
Orchid Hotel usif;yjyKvkyc
f &hJ mwGif tcrf;tem;rSL;tjzpf
q&matmif oQH0kdif; (usKdufra&m)u jyKvkyfcJhonf/
aw;oH&Sifcifopm[efu ]]'DtacGjzpfvmzkdYtwGuf
tcsde(f 3)ESpf 0ef;usifavmufMumjrifch &hJ ygw,f/ uk,
d yf idk o
f pH Of
oDcsif;(11)yk'fygNyD; aumfyD(1)yk'fyg0ifygw,f/ tjyifrSm tqkd
oifwef;awGrwufbl;ayr,fh aw;a&;q&mawGuao csm
BuD;MuyfNyD; oifjyrIawGeJYoDqkdcJhwmyg/ y&dowfBuD;xHrS a0
zefrIawG? tBuHay;rIawG arQmfvifhaeygw,f}}[k vQyfwpf
jyufowif;*sme,fokdYajymcJhonf/
aw;a&;q&mrsm;jzpfMuaom aemifaemif(SF), ukd,f
i,f(ku) ? vlaetdr?f &efrsKd;? om;i,fwyYdk g0if a&;om;cJah om
cifopm[ef\]]uRerf rSm;onf}}aw;pD;&D;ukb
d b
dk adk w;xkwv
f yk af &;rS(2014)
pk d ; pH x d k u f
ckESpf? Mo*kwf(8)&ufwGif jzefYcsdrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/

Nielsen Senior Advisor ESifh MMRD \ Managing

Director jzpfol OD;rd;k ausmfu ]]Herman Miller}}eJY vufwNJG yD;

onfh MMRD (Myanmar Marketing Research & Development Ltd)

onf Herman Miller ta&mif;Xmeudk zGifhvSpfawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; od&
onf/

Q.

&efukefrSm a&BuD;wm owif;r[kwfawmhbl;qkd [kwfvm;As

.../

jrefrmEdik if H w&m;0ifta&mif;Xmeudzk iG v
Uf pS rf nfU Herman Miller

&ef u k e f Mo*k w f 8
jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf w&m;0if a&mif;ydkifcGifh&xm;aom ukrPDjzpf

vQyf w pf j yuf o wif ; *sme,f o k d Y ay;yk d Y v monf r sm;rS ..../

vQyfwpfjyuf

jrefrmEdkifiHudk 'DZdkif;eJY t&nftaoG;&SdwJh ae&mxdkifcif; cif;

usif;rIeJY y&dabm*awGwifoGif; &wm *kPf,lp&myg/ uRef
awmfwYkd arQmfreS ;f xm;wmu wdik ;f jynfu zGichf svdu
k Nf yDqakd wmh
Herman Miller &JU xkwfukefawGeJY 'DZdkif;udk awmif;qdkrIawG
odoo
d mom ydrk sm;vmvdrrhf ,f}}[k 2014 Mo*kwf (7)&ufaeY
wGif &efuek Nf rdKU? ql;avbk&m;vrf;&Sd Sule Shangri-La Hotel
jyKvkyfcJhaom rdwfqufyGJwGifajymcJhonf/
Harman Miller Asia Pacific \ Vice President jzpfol
Jeremey Hocking u jrefrmEkdifiHwGif w&m;0ifta&mif;Xme
udzk iG v
hf pS rf t
I wGuf 0rf;ajrmufaysmf&iT rf yd gaMumif;ajymcJo
h nf/
MMRD udk 1992 ckESpf jrefrmEdkifiH\ yxrqHk;aps;
uGufokawoe at*sifpDtjzpf pwifxlaxmifcJhNyD; a'oqdkif&mHk;Xme
(13)ckwiG f okawoD (250)&Sad Mumif;od&onf/ xdt
k zGUJ tpnf;onf 2014
ckESpf rwfvwGif Nielsen Holdings N.V (NYSE:NLSN)ESifh yl;aygif;
vkyfudkifcJhonf/
SSH

q&mvG r f ;
a&jrKyfoGm;rS owif;jzpfrSmavAsm? aEG&moDrSm
a&BuD;zl;vkdYvJ ukd,fhvl&,f/
A. &efukefwNrdKUvkH;

Q. &efue
k Nf rdKUay:rSm pnf;urf;rJ,
h mOf&yfxm;&if u&de;f eJq
Y NJG yD; ta&;
,lw,f? zrf;w,f 'PfaiGaqmifcdkif;w,f? xm;vdkufawmh um;&yfem;
&r,fh ae&mrSm0ifNyD; tcdkiftrmckHcif;? aps;a&mif;aeMuwmawGusawmh
vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifh&aewm bmoabmvJ [if!
ukdukd&def;
A. 'goabmawGayghAsm 'goabmawGaygh .../
(rS w f c suf / / 'gqk d & if oabmayguf a emf )

Q. 0efBuD;rsm; kH;a[mif;BuD;wpfckvkH;ukd b,fawmh 0ifavhvmcGifh

jyKrSmvm; odyg&ap&Sifh/
tefwDpHy,f
A. AkdvfcsKyfwkdYvkyfBuHcH&wJh tcef;ukdawmif jyKjyifaewkef;vdkY od&
ygw,f/ 0efBuD;rsm; kH;a[mif;BuD; wpfckvkH;ukd avhvmcGifhjyKr,f rjyK
bl;qkdwmvnf; twdtusrod&ao;ygbl;Asm/

aw;oH&SifpGrf;ol\ woufpm aw;pD;&D;tm;BudKwifrdwfquf

aw;pD;&D; tm;BudKwifrdwfqufyGJudkBo*kwf (5)&ufaeUu
&efukef? Orchid Hotel(City Star)wGufNyKvkyfcJhonf/
wouf p m aw;pD ; &D ; ud k bk e f ; aea&mif ( Kiss
Entertainment)pDpOf Kiss aw;*Dw0dik ;f uwD;cwfay;xm;
um The Sun Music Production rSNzefUcsDrnfNzpfNyD;aw;a&;
udkxuf? pGrf;ol? ZH wdkUa&;om;xm;onfh Slow Rock &
Pop trsdK;tpm;oDcsif;(11)yk'fyg0ifrnfNzpfonf/
tqdkygaw;pD;&D;udk The Sun Music Production rS
atmufwdkbmvwGif NzefUcsdoGm;rnfNzpfumtacGydkrdk; &Sif;yGJ
rsm;udk atmufwdkbm(8) &ufaeUwGif &efukef? uefawmfBuD;
arQmfpifuRef;ESi(hf 10)&ufaeYwiG f rEav;NrdKU&Sd Diamond Plaza
wdkUwGifNyKvkyfoGm;rnfNzpfaBumif;um vmrnfhESpf {NyDv
twGif; VCD xGufSdEdkif atmifpDpOfoGm;rnfNzpfaBumif;
&efukef?Bo*kwf(5)
atmuf w d k b mvwG i f N zef U csd r nf h a w;oH S i f p G r f ; ol \ wouf p m

pDpOfol bkef;aea&mif(Kiss Entertainment) uqdkonf/

PK

Q. q&mBuD;ocifu,
dk af wmfridI ;f eJY ywfoufvYdk tpk;d &ykid ;f u bmwpf
ckrS rajymwm bmaMumifhvJ/
xufa0
A. q&mBuD;raocifjrifawGUoGm;csifwJh Nidrf;csrf;a&;r&ao;vdkY jzpf
rSmyg/ qErapm&bl;av .../

,ciftywfrStquf
oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf cGJpdwfukoay;aeaom b,fvf
*sD,Horm;awmfBuD;rsm;udkvnf; udk,fwdkif vdkufvHtm;ay;um aus;Zl;
wifpum;qdkonf/ olwdkYonfvnf; onfae&m onfa'oudk onfvdk
ukodkvfa&;ESifhomr[kwfvQif a&mufzl;zdkY&m vG,fulvSonfawmhr[kwf/
vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;u cufcJvGef;vSonf/ vHkNcHKa&;qdkif&m jyem
rsm;vnf; &SdEdkifaumif;onf/ em*yGJawmfudk oGm;a&mufrnfh Tour rsm;
onf cufcufcJcJoGm;ae&jcif;jzpfonf/ wcsKdUu jrpfBuD;em;? wEkdif;
bufrS eef;,Gef;udk oGm;vQif vrf;omonf[k Mum;&onf/ eef;,Gef;
u onfESpf tvSnfhusjcif;jzpfonf/ em*dk;&mESpfopful;yGJawmfrSm urm
vSnfhc&D;oGm;rsm; c&D;oGm;"mwfyHkq&mrsm; tBudKufawGUovdk EkdifiHawmf
rSvnf; yHhydk;ulnDonfhyGJawmfjzpfonf/ b,fvf*sD,Horm;awmfBuD;rsm;
onfvnf; oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;rS eef;,Gef; em*yGJawmfodkY ydkYaqmif
ay;rnf[k rdefYxm;jcif;aMumifh pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeMu[ef&Sdonf/ oDw*l
q&mawmfbk&m;u &efukef Myanmar Life Hotel wGif awGUqHk&m
b,fvf*sD,Htxl;ukorm;awmfBuD;rsm;udk dancing & drinking [k rdefY
xm;onf/ oli,fcsif;udkrif;armfuvnf; oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
em*c&D;pOfESifhywfouf rdefYawmfrl&mwGif em*dk;&myGJawmf"mwfyHkrsm;
&Sm&SmazGazG pkaqmif;ay;onf/ odkYaomf oli,fcsif; udkrif;armfonf
em*yGJawmf eef;,Gef;odkYrvdkuf cED;rS vSnfhjyefrnfhc&D;pOfudk pm&if;ay;
xm;onf/ odkYaomf q&mudkrif;armfonf oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\

ukodkvfa&;c&D;pOfwGif vdkufygvmjcif;rSm tawGUtBuHK,ljcif;jzpf[ef

wlonf/ oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;rS rif;pD;yGm;a&;csnf;yJ vSdrfhvkyfrae
eJY/ ighvnf; ulOD;[k rdefYxm;ojzifh ol0,fxm;aom uRef;ay:wGif
oDw*lpuK'geaq;HkwpfHk aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;zdkY7m tpDtpOfvkyfxm;
yHk&onf/ v[,fc&D;pOfwGifvnf; NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;ESifh vdkufvHMunfhIum
wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwfESifh oljrifwmawGudkvnf; ajymjyavh&Sdonf/
xdkaeYu oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf cGJpdwfNyD;aom vlemrsm;
udk oD;oefYxm;&Sd&mae&modkY vdkufvHMunfhINyD; udk,fwdkiftm;ay;pum;
qdkonf/ uRefawmfhudkvnf; ]]a[h qH&Snf oDw*lu bmrSr&Sdbl;?
avyJ&Sdw,f 'gayr,fh at;jrygw,fuGm}}[k rdefYonf/ oDw*ltaxmuf
tuljyKtzGJUonf oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m; wpfrdefYyJjzpfonf/ oDw*l
q&mawmfbk&m;Mo0g'udk woa0rwdrf; vdkufemukodkvfjyKolrsm;jzpf
onf/ v[,faq;Hk0efxrf;rsm;crsmawmh oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;ESifh
twl jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;jzpfMuaom ppfudkif;wdkif;a'oBuD; 0efBuD;
csKyf OD;omat;? OD;vSxGef;? a'gufwmazoufcifwdkY vdkufygvmonfh
twGuf ydk tvkyfIyfMuonf/ jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; a'gufwmazouf
cifvdkufygvmojzifh v[,faq;Hkvdktyfcsufrsm;udk rsuf0g;xifxif
awGUjrifoGm;[ef&Sdonf/ oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;u jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;
rsm;udkvnf; rsufpdwpfcgwnf; ppfaq;aponf/ tjrifMunfvifoGm;
atmifvdkYyg[k rdefYum txl;ukorm;awmfBuD;rsm;ESifh ppfaq;ay;jcif;
a&S U wpf y wf q uf z wf y g&ef
jzpfonf/

onfwpfywf&SmazGay;&r,fh I SPY uav;awGu vG,fvifhwul aysmf&TifpGm&SmazGEdkifrSmyg/

1/ uifr&m 2/ tyfcsKyfpuf 3/ csdef;BudK; 4/ ,kef 5/ 0ufacgif; 6/ jcaoFh 7/ omvdum 8/ rdausmif; 9/ t*FgN*dK[fom;
10/ ayBudK;
&wemOD ; vd I i f

6 August 1962 rm&DvifrGefdk;aowJUaeh

,cktywfbDbDpDr*Zif;rS ya[Vdrsm;ukdoHk;oyf&vQif t
aMumif; t&mpHkvifNyD; wu,fhb0rS txl;wvnfjzpfysufcJhonf
rsm;ukd wpfxkdifxJwGif jzpfysufovkdcHpm;&Ekdifygonf[kom/
1/ uifnmEkid if rH S ,cktywfwiG f rnfonfo
h w0g wpfaumif
\ rl;,pfNyD; rlrrSefonfhtjyKtrltm;owdxm;yg&ef w&m;0ifxkwf
jyef vkduf oenf;/
(1) bmbGef;arsmuf
(2) qif
(3) opfukvm;tkwf
(4) tmz&du qdwrf sKd;0iforifuo
hJ aYdk omtaumif
(Wildebeest)

2/ trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufonf olremrnftm; Star Wars

xJrS Zmwfaumifwpfa,muf\emrnfukdajymif;vJvdkufNyD;aemuf
vufrSwfxkd;&m olr\vufrSwfonf ukefypnf;trSwfwHqdyf
(trademark) wpfck ESifhqifwlorQ pnf;urf;ESifhrnDGwf[k UK
ywfpfykdYt&m&Sdrsm;uqkdonf/ rnfonfhZmwfaumif\emrnf okdY
ajymif;cJhoenf;/
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

c-3PO
Leia
Skywalker
Yoda

3/ *syefEkdifiH&Sd rufa'ge,fokdY wkwfEkdifiHrS arG;jrLa&;Muuf

rsm; 0,f,lrI&yfqkdif;xm;NyD;aemuf Chicken McNuggets tm;
Muufom;rygbJ a&mif;avawmhonf/ Muufom;tpm; rnfonfh
t&mtm; tpm;xkd;jyKvkyfoenf;/

rm&DvifrGefdk;ukd (1962)ckESpf? ZGefv(1)

&ufaeYrmS arG;zGm;cJw
h ,f/ emrnf&if;uNorma
Jeane Mortenson vkdYac:w,f/ olUukdawmh
vlwkdif;odMuwJhtwkdif;ygyJ/ tar&duefrif;
orD;? tqkdawmftjyif sex symbol tjzpf
vnf;ausmfMum;cJhygw,f/ (1950)ckESpfupvkdY
qH;k yg;oGm;wJt
h xd olr[m atmifjrifwhJ yk &f iS f
awGdkuful;cJhygw,f/ olrukdtav;teuf
xm;NyD; csD;rGrf;MurIenf;yg;vSayr,fh olr&JU
b0eJ Y t Ek y nm[m 'D a eY t csd e f r S m wu,f h
classic tjzpfvt
l rsm;todtrSwjf yKxm;Muyg
w,f/ tcktcsdefxdvnf; kyf&SifavmurSm
pGJaqmifrIt&SdqHk;rdef;uav; okyfaqmif t
jzpfowfrSwfoluvnf; owfrSwfygw,f/
yk*dKvfa&;rSmawmh emrnfBuD;wkdY&JUxHk;pHtwkdif;
ygyJ aoqHk;csdefrSm touf(36)ESpfom &Sdao;
ayr,fh tdrfaxmif(3)quf&SdcJhw,f/ tar&d
ueforw JFK vkdYac:wJh John.F.Kennedy
eJY orD;&nf;pm;tBuD;tus,fjzpfcJhw,f/ ao
qHk;wJhtcsdefrSm rl;,pfaq;vGefNyD;aoovkd?
rdrdukd,frdrdowfaoovkd? towfyJcH&ovkd
trsKd;rsKd;aumufcsufcscJhayr,fh b,f[mrS
twnf j yKvk d Y r &ygbl ; / JFK &J U nD Jack
Kennedy u rm&Dvifukd eif[m First Lady
material r[kwfbl;vkdY jywfjywfom;om;
apmfum;armfum;ajymcJhwmvnf; vlodrsm;cJh
w,f/ bmaMumifh b,fvkdyJjzpfjzpf rm&Dvif
rGefdk;&JUausmfMum;rIuawmh tcktcsdefxd uRefrwkdYukd,fwkdif arhr&jzpf
aewmMunfhyg/ olU&JUausmfMum;wJhkyf&Sifum;awGu Some Like it Hot,

5/ MopaMw;vsm;avaMumif;vkid ;f onf if;\av,mOfwm0ef

&Sdolu c&D;onftm; o,faqmifcGifhr&Sdaomypnf;ukd av,mOf
rqif;cif 0Sufxm;&ef tBuHay;rItm;awmif;yefcJhavonf/ rnf
onfhypnf;jzpfoenf;/
(1) aoewf
(2) rl;,pfaq;
(3) tjympmtkyf (pornography)
6/ iSufwpfaumifonf rnfonfhprf;oyfrIwpfckwGif pufukd
tEkdif &cJhoenf;/
(1) t&Sdef (speed)
(2) tjrif(vision)
(3) 0Jjcif;(hover)
7/ wd&pmeftrwpfaumifonf ol\OukdaygufzGm;&eftwGuf
av;ESpfESifhig;vtcsdef,lcJhonf/ wd&pmefurmwGif tMumanmif;
qH k ; aomtcsd e f u mvtjzpf rS w f w rf ; wif c J h & onf / rnf o nf h
wd&pmefonf urmU&Daumh'fukdzsuf pHcsdefcsKd;tcsdeftMumqHk;aom
wd&pmefrdcifjzpf oenf;/
(1) iSufukvm;tkyf
(2) a&b0J
(3) bJEIwfoD;yHk&SdonfhbJyHkwl wd&pmef

wk d Y
tp&Sdojzifhaygh/ olU&JU qGJaqmifrIaumif; wJh
Happy Birthday oD c sif ; uk d v nf ; em;
axmifzl;ol tawmfrsm;om;/ olU&JUtacsm
tvS? tnKtcRJ? tpGrf;tp yHk&dyfawGukd 'DaeY
rSm tm;vHk;trSwfw&jyefjzpfapvkdY wifjyvdkuf
&ygw,f/
vd a r m f a &mif q H y if e J Y Cameroom &J U
First Lady &J U ur m ausmf y H k
,cktywfrSm 0rf;enf;p&m? aMuuGJp&m
tpa&;&JU*gZmurf;ajrmif a'oukd rw&m;AHk;cGJ
taotaMu? tysuf t pD ; awG & J U yH k & d y f a wG ?
toHawG urmUrD'D,mrSm ysHUESHYae&mu vlawG
twGuf twif;aysmhaysmhajym&if; NyHK;p&m
owif;uawmh Cameroom uRef;EkdifiH&JU First
Lady &JU vdarmfa&mifqHyif[m rD'D,m&JUtm
HkpdkufrI ukd&vdkufwJhowif;ygyJ/ tar&duef
orwtkdbm;rm;u 0g&SifwefrSmusif;yr,fh
yxrqH k ; aom African Summit twG u f
tmz&duwdkufEkdifiHawGukdzdwfMum;awmh EkdifiHh
acgif;aqmifawGeJY First Ladies rsm;vnf; yg
vm&awmhwmaygh/ wjcm; b,f First Lady
urS vltrsm;&JUtmHkukdzrf;pm;jcif;rjyKEkdifay
r,f h Cameroom &J U First Lady uawmh
olrsm;xufxl;jcm;wJholr&JU vdarmfa&mifqHyif
aMumifh ,cktywf&JUowif;jzpfcJh&w,f/ tkd
bm;rm;&JU First Lady &JU rcsKdrcsOfrsufESmeJY EIwfqufaeyHk[mvnf;
pk d ; jrwf E G , f
a[mhjzpfcJhygaMumif;/

World Hot News Weekly

4/ ,ltufpfrS a&S;dk;pGJorm; Grover Norquist qkdonfh tcGef

ray;aqmifa&;avmfbDorm;onf ausmfMum;aom countercultural yGJawmftm;wufa&mufrnfjzpfonf/ rnfonfhyGJawmfjzpf
oenf;/
Burning Man
Coachella
Gathering of the juggalos
Lollapalooza

a Millionaire, The Seven Year Itch

,cktywftjynfjynfqidk &f m a[mhyo

f wif;

(1) xrif;
(2) ql&SD
(3) wkdYzl;

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, How to Marry

1/ um;awG 'k d i f b mrygbJ a rmif ; wJ h acwf a &muf N yD w J h /

enf;ynmawGuvnf; wkd;owufwkd; wufoxufwufvmvdkuf
Muwmaemf/ pkd;jrwfEG,fwdkYawmh tm;wufygbd? 'DacwfBuD;xJ vlvmjzpf
&wmav/ tckvnf; wpfcg GPS pepfukdokH;NyD; vrf;awGukd TefEkdfifNyD;
uGefjyLwmeJY xdef;csKyfxm;Ekdifr,fh armif;olrJhum;awG 2015 ckESpf Zefe
0g&Dvqkd&if NAdwdoQEkdifiHu vrf;rawGay:a&mufNyDqkdyJ/ tif;av qif;&J
wJhwdkY jrefrmEkdifiHu ola|;BuD;rsm;twGuf owif;aumif;aygh/ uRefrwkdY
vdk qif;&Jol? qif;&Jom; omrmefjynfoljynfom;awGtwGuf rpm;&
0cref;owif;wpfyk'ftjzpf wifqufvkduf&ygaMumif;/
2/ ISIS
rlqvifawG&JU Oyk'fvtukef tpfyGJawmfusif;ywJh tcsdefumvrSm
yJ tD&wfEkdifiH&JU aMuuGJ0rf;enf;zG,fjzpf&yfawGuawmh &yfwefYroGm;bl;/
wkdufyGJawG qufjzpfaeqJyJ/ tck t,fum;'g;acwfr[kwfawmhbl;/
ISIS acwfjzpfomG ;NyD/ tMurf;zuftzGUJ tpnf;awG&UJ acwfet
YJ nDay:xGuf
vmwJh tzGJUtpnf;emrnfawGav/ ISIS &JU t&Snfuawmh Islanic
State of Irag and Syria / xl;jcm;wmu 'DvkdtMurf;zuftzGJUtpnf;awG
taMumif;a&;wJh rD'D,mawG[m taemufEkdifiHtawmfawmfrsm;rsm;ujzpf
aeNyD; olwkdYa&;wJh narratives tzGJUtpnf;awG&JU zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykH?
&nf&G,fcsufawG? vkyfaqmifcsufawG[m tm;vkH;vkdtwlwlyJjzpfae
w,f/ b,folawGu rD'D,mwckd;eJY qwkd;NyD; tMurf;zufaeMuovJ

awmh rodbl;aemf/ rD'D,mawGuawmh jynfwGif;ppfrD;awGukd IdUolawG

ukd rD;armif;rxkd;bl;? jzpfaewJh jynfwGif;ppfukd jynfwGif;ppfvkdYawmif
rac:bJ olwdkYvkd&macgif;pOfqJGa&;aew,f/ tD&wfEkdifiH[m urmrSm
a&eHxGufwJh eHygwf 4 EkdfifiHtjzpfeJY &yfwnfaew,f/ tkdbm;rm;uvnf;
uRefawmfwdkY tD&wf&JU a&eHawGukd vdktyfaMumif; 0efcHNyD;om;/ tJ'Dvdk
taemuftkyfpk&JU vkdtyfcsufeJYvmawGUvkdYuawmh ppfrD;b,fawmhNidrf;
rvJqkdwm ar;cGef;rar;eJY/ tajzr&Sdbl;/ tckavmavmq,fawmh
D mrSm tGev
f idk ;f rSm
jzpfaewmuawmh ISIS &JU tMurf;zufwhJ yk&H yd af wG rD',
yvlysHaewmyJ/ tcktywfrSmvnf; AD'D,kd clip wpfckxkwfvkdufjyefNyD/
x&yfum;ay:rSm tD&wfvkHNcKHa&;tzGJUuvdkY ,lq&wJh trsKd;om;awGukd
wifNyD; 'Davmufidk,kdawmif;yefaewJh txJu &uf&ufpufpufowfjzwf
wmawGawGukd tao;pdwfrSwfwrf;wifxm;wJh AD'D,dkukdMunfhvkduf&jyef
NyD/ 'DxufykdNyD; jrifawGU&zdkY &SdaewmrdkY owdeJYMunfh? ynmeJYomokH;oyf
zdkY wkdufwGef;vdkufygonf/
3/ tar&d u ef E k d i f i H o m;awG tp a &;tay:tjrif a jymif ; NyD v m;/
Zlvkdifv 29 &ufaeY 12;30 tcsdefrSm e,l;a,mufrSm tpa&;

Consulate tdrfem;0ef;usifw0kduf 43 vrf;eJY Second Avenue vrf;wpf

avQmufawGrSm vl'gZifaygif;rsm;pGm[m vrf;ay:vSJcsNyD; tpa&;\ *g
Zmvrf;ajrmifa'otm; tMurf;zuf? rdef;r? uav;rusef owfjzwfaerI
BuD;tm; qEjyaeMuygw,f/ tpa&;[m *gZmukd AkH;BuJaewm 'DaeYygqkd
&if 21 &ufajrmufaeNyDjzpfygw,f/ *gZmukd qufwkdufqkdovkd wpkduf
rwfrwfwkdufcdkufvmwm? 2008 ckESpfwnf;u jzpfygw,f/ tckqEjyyGJ
[m tar&duefEkdifiHom;awG&JU tjrifawG? tpGJawG&Sdaer,f/ tpa&;
ukd *kPmoufaew,fqkd&if qGJcRwf? tjrifajymif;zkdYvnf; &nf&G,fay
vd r f h r nf / xk d q E j yyG J t m; OD ; aqmif c J h o l r S m pma&;q&m Norman
Finkelstein [k ,lq&onf/ tar&duefEkdfifiH\ EkdifiHjcm;a&;ay:vpDrSm
tpa&;ukd tjyif;txefaxmufyHhumuG,f? vkyfcsif&mvkyfcGifhay;aejcif;
onfum; xkdqEjyyGJu ajymif;vJEkdifrnfvm;? apmifhMunfhMuygOD;pkdY .../

pm-(36) rStquf
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdk&if EdkifiHjcm;om;uaum? jynfwGif;uvluaum
t&ifwkef;uawmh bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm zsmav;wpfcsyfay;NyD;awmh
ukd,fh[mukd,fvufuav;?txkyfuav;acgif;tHk;NyD; tdyfwJhvlu 'DaeY
usawmh[dkw,frSm aumif;aumif;tdyfcsifvmMuw,f/ [kwfw,fr[kwf
vm;/ pGyu
f s,fwpfxnf&dS if r0wfbeJ YJ ycH;k ay:wifNyD;oGm;aewJah wmom;
uvnf; 'DaeYtusq,fxnfSdvnf; enf;aeao;wmyJ/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ
qdkawmh living standard u olU[mawmh jrifhvmwmyJ/ jrifhvmawmh
h al wGv
dS mwmyJ/ t&ifwek ;f u wnf;
uGsefawmfwYkd local rSmvnf;wnf;wJv
csif&if wnf;vdkYawmifr&bl;/ tif;vsm;vdwfrSm Armr0if&bl;/ ukd,fh
vlrsdK;r0if&bl;/ 0if&ifvnf; wdkufyHkeJYrS/ EdkifiHjcm;om;usawmh abmif;
wdkeJYvmvnf;&w,f/ 'DvdkrsdK;xm;xm;wJh pepfuvnf;ajymif;oGm;
w,fav/ tJonfawmh uGsefawmfwdkYEdkifiHtaetxm;u tckxdkif;rSm
ESpfq,fhig;oef;eJYoef;oHk;q,fMum;rSm wpfESpfwkd;0ifw,f/ uGsefawmf
wdEYk ikd if H olww
Ykd pf0uf0if&if uGsefawmfwq
Ydk rD mS xm;p&mae&mrSad wmhb;l /
rjzpfvmEdkifbl;vm;/ jzpfvmEdkifwmyJ/ tJonfawmh uGsefawmfwdkYqDu
wu,fhtqifhrDwJh[dkw,fawG U U U wdk;NyD;awmh aqmufw,fqdk&if
enf;awmifenf;ao;w,fvdkY uGsefawmfwdkYu wGufvdkY&w,f/ Oyrm
uGsefawmfh[dkw,fu jrefrmjynfrSm tBuD;qHk;yJ/ tcef;ig;&mausmfSdw,f/
wpfEpS rf mS tcef;ta&twGuf uGsefawmfwu
Ykd wpfoed ;f eJY pS af omif;xm;yg
awmh U U U 'gayr,fh vlwpfa,mufu ESpfntdyfoGm;r,fqdk&if uGsefawmf
wdkYu vlwpfa,mufukd ESpfnyJtdyf&if ysrf;rQwGufvdkuf&if vlwpfodef;?
vlukd;aomif;yJ uGsefawmfvufcHEdkifr,f/uGsefawmfh[dkw,frsdK; q,fvHk;
Sd&if ukd;odef;yJSdao;w,f/ wpfoef;rjynfhbl;/ uGsefawmfh[dkw,frsdK;
tvHk;ESpfq,fSdrS ESpfoef;yJSdw,f/ q,foef;vm&if tukefvHk;pkEdkif
atmifb,fvdkvkyfxm;rvJ/ &efukefwpfNrdKUwnf;vmr[kwfbl; qdk&if

(20-80)uae (40-60) qdkNyD; ESpfqwdk;awmif;w,f/wdk;awmif;awmh

vlawGtukefvHk;u &yfukefw,f/bmjzpfvdkYvJ/rukdufbl;av/ rukdufwJh
twGuf rvkyb
f ;l qdNk yD;&yfMuw,f/ tck(25)xyfawG tkypf x
k rJ mS uGsefawmfh
tvHk;yJ NyD;ao;w,f/usefwJhol b,folrSrNyD;ao;bl;/ uGsefawmfwkdY
wpfvHk;uvnf; (35)xyfrvkyfawmhbl;/ (8)xyf? (9)xyfyJvkyfawmh
r,fqdkNyD; jzwfvdkufw,f/ jzwfypfvkdufNyD;awmh aSmhyif;pifwmuvnf;
SdorQ (9)xyfpvHk;vkyfvdkufvnf; b,fqdkifrSvmawmhrSmr[kwfbl;/
tJonfawmh wpf0ufu atmufu/jzpfvmvdkY ajymif;vJoGm;vdkuf&wm/
uJatmufuawmhaSmyh if;pifwmvkyv
f u
dk /f tay:bufuawmh H;k cef;av;
iSm;pm;r,f/ 'gayr,fh uGsefawmfhtaqmuftODBuD;u BuD;awmh Hk;cef;
av;iSm;pm;awmh acsmufwD;acsmufcsufeJYqdkawmh operation vkyf&wm
ruku
d b
f ;l qdNk yD;awmh uGsefawmfu'Dtwdik ;f oH;k ESpv
f ;kH vH;k ypfxm;vdu
k w
f ,f/
tJonfawmh taqmuftODBuD;u SdNyD;om;BuD;As/ bmrSrvkyfbJ
0ifaiGr&bJ ypfxm;&wJhtwlwlawmh ckeuajymwJh wdkif;jynftwGuf
vnf; rsufESmyef;vSr,f U U U [dkw,fvnf;jzpfvmr,f/ bmyJajymajym
xdkufoifhtm;avsmfpGmawmh 0ifaiGav;awmhSdrSmyJ/ [dkw,faumif;wmukd
vlwdkif;aqmufcsifwm/ tck EdkAdkw,fuvnf; 'guGsefawmfwkdY groupu
&xm;wJh [dkOpmav/ aemufrS ukdcifaTwdkY a&mif;wkyfvdkufwm/ olu
vnf; apartment a&mif;pm;rSmuae [dkw,faumif;vmw,fqdkNyD; ol
vnf; [dkw,fukdaqmufvkdufwm/ olurS uGsefawmfhxufykdawmif&if;NyD;
aqmuf&ao;w,f/ olrmS ;vm;qdak wmh olvnf;rrSm;bl;/tck aemufxyf
xyfaqmufaewJhaumifvnf; rrSm;bl;/Sef*&DvmwdkY bmwdkYvnf; xyf
k ,fjzpfomG ;
csJUaewmyJ/ [db
k ufu service apartment uvnf; tck [dw
w,f/ kdUpf*g;'if;wdkYbmwdkYvnf; [dkw,fawGwufvmwmyJ/ wu,fom
uGsefawmfwdkYqDuwdk;wufvm&if 'gupD;yGm;a&;orm;tjrifeJY ajymwm
ayghav/ wdkif;jynfu tajymif;tvJjzpfr,fwdkY?qlqlylyljzpfr,fwdkY/

vnf; &efukefwpfNrdKUwnf;rSm ESpfntdyfcsiftdyfr,f/ a&mufvm wJhn

U U U nusrSa&mufvmw,f U U U / a&mufvmNyD; ntdyfr,f/
aemufaeYusawmh &efukefNrdKUxJvnfr,f/ aemufaeYwpfn tdyfr,f/
aemufaeYwpfnjyeful;r,f/ ESpfntdrfrSmukd;/ qdkawmh oabmukd
ajymjywm/ business vmwJhvluvnf; ESpfnwdkY?oHk;nwdkY?av;nwdkY
tdyfrSmaygh/ tJonfvdkrsm;rsm;tdyfav U U U uGsefawmfwdkY qDu capacity
rsm;rsm;usefrS &rSmav/ long stay aecsifwJhvlawG uvnf; trsm;BuD;/
tck tpdk;&oufwrf;uvnf; q,fhcGefESpfv? q,fhSpfvyJSdw,f
ayghaemf/ odkYaomf wdkif;jynfu wnfNidrfrI bmrSrSdao;bl;vdkY ajymMu
w,fayghaemf/ tJonfhtwGuf invest vkyfr,fhvlawGonf wdkif;jynf
wnfNidrfat;csrf;rIukd apmifhaeMuw,f/ odkYaomf (2020) rSm EdkifiHa&;
changed jzpf r ,f v d k Y arQmf v if h M uw,f / tJ o nf h t cgusrS o m vmNyD ;
&if;ESD;jrSyfESHr,fvdkY ajymaeMuwJhtay:rSm tcef;(500)avmufu tBuD;
BuD ; aqmuf w J h tpf u k d Y r S m pd k ; &d r f p d w f r S d b l ; vm;/
'DvdkAs/ 'gu uGsefawmfwdkY business orm;awG&JU risk yJav/
uGsefawmfu e*dkwkef;u&nfG,fwkef;uwpfrsdK; aqmufxm;w,fayghaemf/
uGsefawmfwdkYaqmufwkef;u 'Drdkua&pD&r,f?r&r,frodao;bl;/ e,u
tpd;k &vufxufrmS yJ uGsefawmfwaYdk qmufMuw,f/ paqmufwek ;f uawmh
(25)xyfawG jynfvrf;rwavQmufrSm uGsefawmfwdkY(2006)ckESpfrSm tmqD
,H Ou|vufcH,l&r,fvdkY ajymcJhw,f/ajymcJhawmh(2001)ckESpfrSm ig;ESpf
twGif; (25)xyfawG NyD;atmifaqmufMuqdkNyD;awmh av;ESpfavmuf
tcsdef&w,f qdkNyD;awmh uGsefawmfwdkYukd aqmufcdkif;w,f/ aqmufcdkif;
awmh 'g wm0efusvmwJo
h abmvnf; Sw
d mayghav/ wm0efusvmawmh
wm0efuswdkif;vkyf&rSmvm;qdkawmhvnf; jyefwGufMunfhawmhvnf; 'g
pD;yGm;a&;tajcwnfxm;awmhvyk o
f ifv
h yk x
f u
kd w
f mav;awG&,f? atmuf
rSm aSmhyif;pifwmvkyfr,f? tay:bufrSm(25)xyfaqmufNyD;awmh [dk
w,fvkyfzdkY r[kwfbl; U U U apartment awGa&mif;pm;vdkufr,f/ 'geJYyJ
uGsefawmfwdkYu &yfwnfr,fqdkawmh 'DvdkwGufudef;eJY vkyfvdkufwm/
NyD;awmh AdkvfcsKyfcifGefYjyemvnf;jzpfoGm;a&m uGsefawmfwdkYu

uGsefawmfwdkYuawmh wjznf;jznf;eJYawmh ykdNyD;awmhaumif;vmr,f/ yGifh

vif;jrifomvmr,f/ wpfa,mufeJY wpfa,muf wdkif;jynfaumif;atmif
SdwJhvlawGuawmh tenf;eJYtrsm;awmh vkyfMurSmyJvdkY pdwfxJarQmfrSef;
wmaygh/ wu,f jyefawG;Munfah wmh 'Dru
kd a&pD&rS olwpfvil gwpfrif;jzpf
aewmuawmh rwwfEdkifbl;As/
tpf u k d u awmh tpd k ; &tquf q uf pD ; yG m ;a&;vk y f i ef ; S i f w pf
a,muftaeeJY &yfwnfvmcJhw,f/ wpfcg 'Dbufacwfusawmhvnf;
a':atmifqef;pkMunfwdkY? (88)ausmif;om;wdkYukd yHhydk;wmvnf;Sdw,f/
ESpfbufukd tqifajyatmifaewJhoabmvnf; uGsefawmfwdkYawGU&w,f
ayghaemf/ tJonfawmh (2015) rSm tpfukdYukd wpfpHkwpfa,mufuae
EdkifiHa&;0ifvkyfyg? b,fygwDukd,fpm;jyKNyD;awmh 0iftaG;cHay;ygqdkNyD;
urf ; vS r f ; vmr,f q d k & if U U U /
uGsefawmfu eHygwfwpf ulnDwmukd ajymr,f/ uGsefawmfonf
wdkif;jynfaumif;atmifvkyfwJhvkyfief;vdkY uGsefawmfhpdwfxJrSm cH,l&if
b,folYjzpfjzpfulnDrSmyJ/ a':atmifqef;pkMunfrSvnf; r[kwfbl;/
vufeufukdiftzGJUtpnf;uvnf; uGsefawmfwdkYa'ouvlawG usef;rm
a&;twGuf 'gvkyfcsifwm? cifAsm;ulay;yg U U U ulrSmyJ/ em*pfwkef;u
vdkaygh/ uGsefawmf rodwJhae&mawGyJ U U U tdrfawGaqmufay;ygqdk&if
oGm;aqmufay;vdu
k w
f myJ/ tJonfawmh ckeuvdk (88) tzGUJ uvmw,f/
uGsefawmfwdkY bmav;vkyfcsifw,f/ 'gu wkdif;jynfaumif;zdkYvkyfMuwmyJ
/ 'gayr,fh wpfckawmhSdw,f/ qlqlylyljzpfr,fhvlawGawmh uGsefawmf
tm;ray;bl;As/ *Dworm;uvnf; vmw,f/ jrefrmhkd;&m,Ofaus;rIawG
ukd xdef;odrf;csifvdkY/ vli,fawGtwGuf fund vdkcsifvdkY/ vkyfay;wmyJ/
uGsefawmfwdkYvmNyD;awmh bar camp awGrSm a[majymyGJawGvkyfyg?
ausmif;om;awGukd vkyfay;yg U U U oGm;wmyJ/ tJonfawmh uGsefawmfu
'gu ulnDwmonf yk*dKvfaMumifh? EdkifiHa&;ygwDaMumifhawmh r[kwfbl;/
NLD tzGUJ uae olwu
Ykd v
dk mNyD; a[majymay;ygqd&k if uGsefawmf oGm;ajym
w,f/ bmvdkYajymovJ/ wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf EdkifiHa&;vkyf w,fqdk

10

wm prf;acsmif;rSmvkyw
f EhJ ikd if aH &;orm;u prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f aumif;pm;a&;
twGufukd t&ifvkyfvdkuf/ tJ'gqdk&if vlxkaxmufcHvdrfhr,f/ vlxk
axmufcHawmhrS rif;wdkYvnf; aG;cs,fyGJawGbmawG wufvdkY aumif;
r,f/ b,folUyJjzpfjzpf wdkif;jynfaumif;atmifvkyfwmyJ/ [kwfw,f
r[kwv
f m;/ vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f u uk,
d &hf yfmG aumif;atmifvyk &f if wdik ;f jynf
aumif;wmyJ/ [dkbufygwDeJY'DbufygwDeJY ajcxdk;NyD;awmh wpfa,mufeJY
wpfa,muf kdufMuESufMuvkyfae&if 'gwdkif;jynfrSm qlqlylyljzpfvm
wmyJ/ tJonfawmh rif;u&yfuGufxJu qif;&Jom;wpfaxmifukd apmifh
aSmuf&if ig ESpfaxmifapmifhaSmufr,f qdk&ifaumif;wmyJ/ [kwfw,f
r[kwfvm;/ uGsefawmfwdkYu wu,fulnDw,fqdkwm rajy vnfwJhvl
awG? tajccHvw
l ef;pm;awGudk uln&D r,fqw
kd phJ w
d af wG/ olaX; awGun
l D
wmxuf qif;&Jom;ulnDrS wdkif;jynfNidrfNidrfoufoufjzpf wmyJ/ ukd,fh
ywf0ef;usifuvlawG pm;EdkifaomufEdkifSd&if ukd,fhtwGufvnf; Nidrf;csrf;
wmayghav/ 'DvdkrsdK;qEeJYyJ uGsefawmfu ulnDwJhtvkyfukdvkyfw,f/
aemufNyD;awmh aG;zdkYcs,fzdkYqdkNyD;awmh pnf;Hk;wJhvlSdygw,f/ uGsef
awmf (2015)twGuf 0iftaG;cHygwJ/h uGsefawmfuawmh yGiyhf iG v
hf if;vif;
ajym&&if trwfvnf; vkyfcsifpdwfrSdbl;/ 0efBuD;vnf; vkyfcsifpdwf
rSdbl;/ orwvnf;vkyfcsifpdwfrSdbl;/bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh uGsefawmf
u pD;yGm;a&;orm;/ pD;yGm;a&;vkycf sifw,f/ 'gayr,fh Edik if aH &;vkyNf yD;awmh
rif;pD;yGm;a&;awG rpGefYvTwfEdkifbl;vm;qdk&if uGsefawmfcsrf;omaewm
Sif;Sif;ajym&&if uGsefawmfhrdom;pktwGuf uGsefawmfauseyfaewm/
yku
d q
f aH wG&atmifqNkd yD; b,fwek ;f urSvnf; uGsefawmf tJonfvkd rvkyf
bl;/ uGsefawmfu 0goemygwmupD;yGm;a&;orm;qdkwm ykdufqH& zdkYcsnf;
pD;yGm;SmwJh pD;yGm;a&;orm;r[kwfbl;/ uGsefawmfutvkyfvkyf&wm odyf
aysmfw,f/ tJ'gaMumifhrdkYtck uGsefawmfu tpHkvkyfw,f/ Oya'vnf;
0ifa&;wmyJ/ tckaqmif;yg;awGvnf; wpfcgwav uGsefawmfa&;w,f/
a[majymyGJvnf; oGm;w,f/aemufNyD; tvSLtwef;awGvnf; tckqdk&if
ajrmufOuvmyaq;Hkaqmufr,f/ ausmif;vnf; ESpfausmif;aqmufNyD;
NyD/ y&dabm*awGvnf; [do
k if;jzpfw,f/ 'DEpS q
f &kd ifvnf; pmtkyEf pS o
f ed ;f
ku
d u
f mG U U U uku
d adk v;/ tJ'gvSL&atmif/ Si;f Si;f ajym&ifawmh uGsefawmf
wdkY&wmeJY uGsefawmfwdkYvSLwmawGeJYu tckaemufykdif;u balance awmif
jzpfaeovm;awmifrodb;l / tJonfawmh 'g[mbmtwGuv
f /J uGsefawmf
aemufxyfp;D yGm;SmNyD;awmh wd;k wufatmifvyk Nf yD;awmh uGsefawmf bmvkyf
&ovJqdk&if rdef;ruvnf; bmoma&;eJYywfoufvdkY? vlrIa&;eJYywf
oufvdkY b,fvdkvkyfcsifw,f/ uGsefawmfuawmh ynma&;awG? usef;rm
a&;awG?vlrIa&;awG? pD;yGm;a&;awG wdk;wufatmifvkyfcsifw,f/ukd,fh
twGuf r[kwfbl;aemf/'g trsm;twGuf tJonfvdkav; vkyfcsifw,f/
tck Talk Show awGqdk&ifvnf; 'g uGsefawmfwkdY program ig;q,f
avmufqGJxm;w,f/ tJ'gav;ajymaew,f/ tckqdk&if ESpfq,fausmf?
oHk;q,favmufNyD;awmhr,f/
tpf u k d u t"d u awmh or w vnf ; rjzpf c sif b l ; ? trwf v nf ;
rjzpf c sif b l ; ? 0ef B uD ; vnf ; rjzpf c sif b l ; qd k & if tpf u k d bmjzpf c sif v J /
bmjzpfcsifvJqdkawmh uGsefawmfu uGsefawmfhpD;yGm;a&;twGuf uGsef
awmf vkyfr,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfw,fqdkwm yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajym&&if
eHygwfwpf uGsefawmfhukd tE&m,frSdwJhpD;yGm;a&;yJ uGsefawmfvkyfw,f/
rawmfavmbeJYvnf; rvkyfbl;/ olrsm;'kua&mufwJhtvkyfvnf; rvkyf
bl;/ olrsm;'kua&mufatmifvkyfNyD; pD;yGm;Sm&ifvnf; tE&m,fSd w,f/
rawmfavmbeJYqdkvdkYSd&if wpfcsdefta&;,lcH&&if axmifusEdkif w,f/
rawmfavmbeJYvnf; rvkyfbl;/ uGsefawmf tckrk'dwmtdrf&mwdkY bmwdkY
aqmufw,f/ bmyJajymajymaewJhvluawmh aus;Zl;awmhwifw,fAs/
a&mif;pm;wJholuvnf; jrwfawmh aus;Zl;wifw,f/ uGsefawmfh ukd
&efrSmbl;aygh/ tJonfvdkvkyfNyD;awmh tckausmif;aqmufr,f? bm
vkyfr,f?aq;HkawGaqmufvSLr,f/ tckuGsefawmf GmawG? GmawGpkNyD;
awmh pkaewJhpepfuav;awGvkyfzdkYu pOf;pm;aew,f/tck &efukefNrdKU
rSmvnf;vufvkyfvufpm; tvkyfvkyf&if;wdkufcef;eJYaeEdkifatmifvdkY vkyf
ay;csifwm/'g uGsefawmfhqEyJ/
tJonfawmh wdkif;jynftusdK;vkyfwJhtvkyfawmh tifrwef0goem
ygygw,f/ vkyfcsifw,f/ bmvkyfovJ/ uGsefawmfwwfEdkifbufuae
ulay;w,fav/ tJ'gyJ vkyfcsifw,f/ ckeuajymwJh orwvkyfygqdk&if
orwawmh rvkyfbl;Asm/ aemufqHk; rjzpfraevkyf&r,fqdk&if orw
tBuHay;ygqdk&if aemufuaetBuHvdkufay;aer,f/
tck uGsefawmfwdkYMunfhwJhtcgrSm txl;ojzifh prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,fxJ
rS m ausmif ; awG v S L aewmawG U &w,f / awG U awmh t pf u k d u awmh
ausmif;awGukd develop jzpfatmifvkyfay;wmayghav/'gayr,fh tJ'g
awG u k d b,f o l a wG u xd e f ; od r f ; vJ / uG s ef a wmf w d k Y j ref r mEd k i f i H & J U
ynma&;u b,favmuftajctaeqdk;aeovJ/tpfukdwdkY vkyfief;Sif
awG ? apwemS i f a wG u 0if u sm;uef a y;ae&wJ h t ajctaeu bm
aMumif h a &muf o G m ;wmvJ /
tJonfawmh wnfaqmufzYkd Edik if aH wmfuae qif;&Jom;awGtwGuf
vnf; vkyfay;r,f?vrf;awGvnf;vkyfay;r,f?bmawGvkyfay;r,fvdkY
ajymrS/ ynma&;twGufvnf; wpfcgwnf;wm0ef,lrIawG vkyfay;EdkifrS
tpdk;&twGufvnf;aumif;r,f/tJ'gu ykdufqHSdrSaumif;rSmaygh/tck
uGsefawmfwdkYukdvmNyD;awmh tvSLcHw,f/ odef;ESpfq,fvSLyg/rSdvdkYygAsm
U U U ESpfaomif;avmuf,loGm;ygqdk&if rauseyfbl;aygh/r[kwfbl;vm;/
tvS L cH a wmif r S rauseyf b l ; /wd k i f ; jynf r S m vnf ; tJ o nf v d k y J a ygh h /
wdkif;jynfvdkwJh[mawGukd tpdk;&ray;Edkifawmhbl;/0ifwJhbwf*sufukdu
enf;aew,f/bwf*sufenf;wm bmjzpfvdkYvJ/pD;yGm;jzpfwJhvlawG enf;
w,f/ uGsefawmfwdkYEdkifiHrSm bmawGvdkvJqdkawmh t&ifwkef;u armfawmf
um;ta&mif ; t0,f v k y f w ,f / a':vmta&mif ; t0,f v k y f w ,f / aT
ta&mif;t0,fvkyfw,f/ ajrta&mif;t0,fvkyfw,f/jrwfMuw,f/
'gyJvkyfpm;aew,f/
a&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef

oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;OD;aqmifaom oDw*lomoemjyKtzGJY ysOf;rem;oHCabmoZ|me0d,m&

(oHCaq;kH)odkh tar&duefa':vm 850000d^- zkd; rsufpdaq;kHokH; ypnf;rsm;vSL'gef;
ysOf ; rem; Mo*k w f 5
oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;OD;aqmifaom oDw*lomoem
jyKtzGJUonf 2014 Mo*kwf 5 &ufaeYu ysOf;rem;aps;vrf;&Sd
oHoab oZ|me0d[m&(oHCaq;k)H wGif tar&duefa':vm
580000d^-zk;d rsufpad q;ko
H ;Hk ypn;f rsm;ukd vSL'gef;cJah Mumif;
od&Sd&onf/
tqdkygaq;kHwGif rsufpdtvif;vkyftm;'geukd rsufpd
txl;uk q&m0efBuD;rsm;jzpfMuaom ya&mfzufqma'guf
wmjratmif? rsufpdtxl;uk q&m0efBuD; a'gufwmvSarmif
'if? rsufpdtxl;ukq&m0efBuD; a'gufwmpa*svGif? rsufpd
txl;ukq&m0efBuD; a'gufwma':cufcufrsKd;? rsufpdtxl;
ukq&m0efBuD;a'gufwmGefYatmif? rsufpdtxl;ukq&m
0efBuD; a'gufwmOD;wifarmifoefY? rsufpdtxl;uk q&m0ef
BuD; a'gufwmodef;oef;xkduf? oDw*ltm,k'geaq;kHawmfrS
a'gufwma':rdrdcufOD;aqmifaom oDw*lolemjyK 12 OD;
wkdYu rsufpdtvif;&&Sd&ef cGJpdyfukoay;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd
&onf/
YOH

twukd xd&ify
rmeukd tvHxl/
ighpdwfeJY t,lrwl&ifawmh
'g urmU&efol/ /
jrifhOD;OD;jrifh

jrefrmhyk &f iS u
f sqif;&;jcif;taMumif; DVB
DEBATE aqG;aEG;kduful;

"mwf y k H - ZMN

2014 Mo*kwf 9 &ufaeY eHeufyifdk ;f u &efuek f ykZeG af wmif ORCHID

wGif jrefrmhkyf&Sifusqif;&jcif;taMumif;ESifhywfouf DVB
DEBATE aqG;aEG;kduful;&m 'gkdufwmOD;0if;az? 'gkdufwm yef;csDpkd;rdk;?
'gkdufwm atmifpkd;OD;? a':aqGZifxdkufESifh kyf&Siform;rsm; wufa&muf
aqG;aEG;cJhMuaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
YOH

"mwf y k H - oD w *l x d e f v if ;

HOTEL

Dr.S acgif(ef)eef; MAY & MARK arG;aehtcrf;tem; uefawmfBuD;yJavUpf[dkw,fwGif usif;y

jrefrmEdik if H IT e,fy,fwiG f pwif0ifa&mufonfh

Aptech Institute

&ef u k e f Mo*k w f 9
tdEd,EkdifiH rGefbdkif;NrdKUe,ftajcpdkuf Aptech Computer Academy
\ (42)EdkifiHajrmuftjzpf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif pwifzGifhvSpfcJhonf/
xdkzGifhyGJwGif Aptech International \ MD u Aptech onf ISO
9000 Certified Education Services Provider taejzifh IT e,fy,fwGif
yxrqHk;taejzifh &yfwnfvsuf&SdygaMumif;? tdEd,EkdifiHrS IT ynm&Sif
rsm;onf EkdifiHwumwGif xif&Sm;ouJhodkY jrefrmEkdifiH\ IT 0goem&Sif
rsm;udkvnf; xdkodkY jzpfvmEkdifzdkY arQmfvifhygaMumif;? oifwef;ausmif;
oD;oefYr[kwfbJ ya&m*sufrsm;udkyg vkyfaqmifapjcif;jzifh jrefrmEkdifiH
\ IT enf;ynme,fy,fudk xl;jcm;wdk;wufajymif;vJapzdkY &nf&G,fyg
aMumif;? xdkaemuf EkdifiHwumwuodkvfrsm;wGifvnf; qufvuf
avhvmap&ef ulnDrIrsm;ay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; vQyfwpfjyufowif;
*sme,fodkY 2014 ckESpf Mo*kwfv (8)&ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKU? ql;av
bk&m;vrf;&Sd Sule Shangri-La Hotel ajymcJhonf/
Aptech International EVP International Sales rS Mr Pravir Arora
uvnf; trSmpum;ajymcJNh yD; I MA Group rS Managing Partner OD;at;
csrf;u jrefrmEdkifiH IT e,fy,f\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk ajymMum;cJhonf/
pifumylEkdifiH\ I Berg Group rS Managing Director jzpfol Mr
Anshunon A Ghai u EdkifiHwpfEkdifiH\ wdk;wufrIonf IT Professional
rsm; arG;xkwfay;EkdifrIESifh xdkynm&Sifrsm;udk t&nftcsif;jynfh0wdk;wuf
vmatmif avhusifhay;EkdifrIu ta&;BuD;aMumif;? xdkodkY wdk;wufrIrsm;
udk jrefrmEkdifiHrS vli,frsm;udk &&SdapvdkaMumif; ajymcJhonf/
Aptech Computer Academy udk &efukefNrdKU? ajreDukef;yvmZm?
yxrwGif zGifhvSpfcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; (Software and Hardware)Course rsm;ESifh
t*Fvdyfpmoifwef;rsm;udk EkdifiHwumwGif vuf&SdoifMum;aeaomyHkpH
ESifh EkdifiHwumynm&Sifrsm;u vma&mufoifMum;ay;vsuf&SdaMumif;
pd k ; pH x d k u f
od&onf/

"mwfyHk - atmifrsdK; (Rays)

May & Mark

\ MD jzpfol Dr.Sacgif(ef)eef;\ arG;aeYtcrf; tem;udk

2014 Mo*kwf (4)&uf nydik ;f u &efuek f uefawmfBuD;yJavhpf [dw
k ,fwiG u
f sif;y&m
Rev OD ; wd k ; wd k ; (OD ; aem)rS 0wf j yKqk
awmif;ay;cJhNyD; Lazy Club aw;*D
wtzGJUrS emrnfausmf tqdkawmfrsm;
jzifh oDqdkwD;cwf azsmfajzcJhaMumif;
od&Sd&onf/
tqdkygtcrf;tem;odkY pD;yGm;a&;
vk y f i ef ; &S i f r sm;? tEk y nm&S i f r sm;
txl;zdwMf um;xm;aom {nfo
h nfrsm;
wufa&mufcsD;jrifhcJhMuaMumif; od&Sd&
onf/
YOH

11

rZdrpmayrS jzefYcsdonf/ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif; ol&OD;wifOD;

\ Oa,smZOfwGif ]jynfolcspfaom AdkvfcsKyfBuD;? umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
a[mif;? Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;ol&OD;wifO;D \ ud,
k af &;orkid ;f aMumif;tusOf; pmtkyf
i,fxkwf&ef? vGwfvyfaom tm&Sa&'D,dk(tm&ftufat)rS wm0efcHwdkY
u uRefawmfESifhqufoG,f ajymMum;csufrsm;udk ESpfayguftywfpOf
toHvTifhjcif;jyKcJhygonf/ xkdowif;Xme\ toHvTifhcsufrsm;udk tywf
wukwf raerem;pkaqmif;xm; ,cktcg*sme,fvpfpmapmifrS ]]zd;k pdik ;f }}
qdo
k u
l pkaqmif;&jcif;rsm;tay: oifah wmfaumif;Ek;d &mrsm;udk pmtkyif ,f
wpftkyfjzpfatmif txl;tm;xkwf BudK;yrf;xkwfvkyfonfudk trSmpma&;
om;ay;&jcif;twGuf 0rf;ajrmufvsuf&Sdygonf/ ol\ onf;cH? pdwf&Snf
pGmjzift
h csderf sm;pGm,ljzpfajrmufatmif aqmif&u
G o
f nfuv
kd nf; aus;Zl;
wifrdygonf/
,ckxkwfa0onfh tydkif;onf uRefawmf aemufqHk; 2003ckESpf?
arvukef? 'DyJ,if;teD; acgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pkMunfESifhtwl
rormtpGef;a&muf&rf;um;ol vlrdkufwpftkyfBuD;\ orkdif;0ifwdkufcdkuf
cH&NyD; uHaumif;axmufr toufab;rS vGwf
ajrmufaomfvnf; tdkufcH&olwdkYu w&m;cHjzpf
umapol? TefMum;ol? trdefYay;ol? udk,fxd
vufa&muf wdkufcdkufyg0ifolwdkYu w&m;vdkjyK
um uav;axmifwGif (8)v? xdkYaemuf aetdrf
tcsKyfuscH (5)ESpf pkpkaygif;(6)ESpf cefY tusOf;
uscHNyD;vGwfajrmufcJhonf/ 2010 ESpfpydkif;
avmufrSp (tm&ftufzfat)jrefrmowif;Xme
rSL;\tpDtpOft& qufoG,fwm0ef ,lolrsm;
tm; b0aumufaMumif; udk,fa&;orkdif; ajym
Mum;csufrsm;udk tywfpOfwpfBudrf? wpfcgw&H
orkdif;t& av;eufonfh ajymMum;csufrsm;udk
xyfcgxyfcg tBudrfaygif; (200)ausmfcefY toH
vTiahf y;jcif;rsm;jyKcJyh gonf/ xdak qmif&u
G af y;jcif;
rsm;udkvnf; tm&ftufzfatXmerSL;wGif ulnD
tm;ay;aqmif&u
G o
f l wm0efcH jrefrm0efxrf;Xme
rS L ;ES i f h w uG t jcm;0ef x rf ; rsm;tm;vH k ; ud k v nf ;
aus;Zl;wifpGm txl;trSwfow&vsuf&Sdygonf/
tcsKdUtoHvTifhcsufrsm;wGif av;eufap&ef
orkdif;twGuf jzpfvdkjzpfjim;oifcef;pm? aMumif;
usKd;&m? aemifvlrsm;od&SdEkdif&efom jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfonf wyfr
awmfrS xrf;aqmifonfhwm0efrsm; EIwfxGufNyD;aemuf? uRefawmfESifh
ywfoufonfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;? trSwftom;rsm; tm;vHk; zsufqD;
ypfvdkufMu&onfjzpfvnf;aumif;? uRefawmfwdkY rnfonfhppfonf
0efxrf; ponfwdkYrS qufoG,frIrsm; r&SdEdkifawmhojzifh ywfoufEkdifonfh
pm&Gufrsm; r&Sdoavmufjzpfvnf;aumif;? &SmazG&ef cufcJonfjzpf
ESpfaygif; (15)ESpfausmfcefY tusOf;axmif? tusOf;pcef;? tdrfcsKyf ponf
wdkYaMumifh rqufoG,fEkdifcJhyg/ ,ckajymMum;csufESifh jyefvnfa&;om;
csufwdkY tm;vHk;? aumif;pGmrSefuefrSwfrdonfwkdYudkom teD;pyfqHk; ajym
Mum;wifjyEkdifjcif;om jzpfygonf/
]]jynfolbufu AdkvfcsKyfBuD;}}[k uifyGef;acgif;pOftrnf wyfay;
vdkufaom tm&ftufzfatjrefrmtoHvTifhXmeBuD;tm; tvGef0rf;ajrmuf
ESpfaxmif;tm;&MunfEl;0rf;omrqHk;yg/
uRefawmf rSwfrdygao;onf/ 1974 ckESpf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'
t& a&G;aumufyGJjzifh yxrqHk;tBudrf yxrqHk;vTwfawmfwGif ]]jynf
olY&J}}tac:ta0:ESifh ]]jynfolYwyfrawmf}}tac:ta0: tpGJjyK&ef tqdk
wif&efjzpfygonf/ uRefawmfonf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh umuG,f
a&;0efBuD;b0 wm0ef,lpOf ]]jynfolYwyfrawmf}}[k uifyGef;wyftac:
ta0:udk tqdkwif&ef oabmrwlcJhyg/ taMumif;jycsufrSm vTwfawmf
wGifwif *kPfjyKtrSwftom;jyK jyefwrf;xkwfac:apjcif;? trdefY
owfrSwfvnf;aumif;? TefMum;vnf;aumif; ac:a0:apjcif;onf
*kPfodum r&SdEdkifyg/ wyfrawmfonf wdkif;&if;om;jynfolwdkY\ cspfcif
av;pm;MunfndK ]]jynfolomtrd? jynfolomtz}}[laom AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef; ppfaoemywd? ppf0efBuD;\ qdkqHk;ronfhtwdkif; ppfonf
awmfrsm;onf jynfolwdkY\ &ifwGif;rS jzpfvmonfh jynfolYom;aumif;?
orD;aumif;? jynfolwdkY\ cspfp&m &ifESpfarwmjzifh tvdktavsmuf
ac:a0:oHk;pGJ? uifyGef;wyfay;jcif;onf *kPf,lodum&Sdrnfjzpfaom
aMumifh jzpfonf/
,ckvnf; ]]*sme,fvpfzdk;pdkif;}}u pkaqmif;&orQtaMumif;udk
wwftm;oa&GU BudK;pm;tm;xkwf pmtkyfi,fjzpfatmif aqmifusOf;um
trnfjzifh xkwfa0jzefYcsdEkdifjcif;onf xdkufoifhavsmufywfaom
wefzdk;wpf&yfudk jzpfaprnf[k rSwf,l&ygaMumif; av;pm;pGm trSm
pmjzifh a&;om;*kPfjyKtyfygaMumif; ...
OD ; wif O D ;
em,u? obmywd t zG J U
trsKd ; om;'D r k d u a&pD t zG J U csKyf
[l a&;om;csD;jrifhxm;onf/ zdk;pdkif;(*sme,fvpf)uvnf; ol\
0efcHpum;wGif
(1)
jynfolcspfaom umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif;? AdkvfcsKyfBuD;ol&
OD;wifO;D \ b0jzwfoef;rIy&kH yd rf sm;udk pmtkyw
f pftyk t
f jzpf jyefpk ay;zd&Yk ef
(OD;av;)OD;ommPf(&efuif;)wifjycJo
h vdk uRefawmft
h aeESihf tcGiBhf uHKvm
cJhonf/ (bb)ol&OD;wifOD; aetdrftus,fcsKyfjzifh vGwfajrmufvm

12

onfhaeYu uRefawmfonf vQyfwpfjyufowif;*sme,fwGif owif;

axmufaygufptjzpf 0ifa&mufaecsdef jzpfygonf/ xdktcsdef uwnf;u
(bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ b0ESifhywfouf pdwf0ifpm;rI taMumif;t&m
aygif;rsm;pGm&SdcJhygonf/ odkYESifh pmtkyfwpftkyftjzpf jyKpkay;zdkY&ef
tcGifhBuHKvmonfhtcg (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;xH oGm;a&mufcGifh awmif;cJh
onf/ tcsdefrvHkavmufrIaMumifhwpfaMumif;? tvkyfrtm;vyfrIaMumifh
wpfaMumif;? (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;utifwmAsL;ajz&ef tcsdef ray;Ekdif
awmhaMumif;ajymonf/
zd k ; pd k i f ; (*sme,f v pf ) --bb&JU b0jzwfoef;rI yHk&dyforkdif;aMumif;
udk pmtkyfxkwfcsifvdkY cGifhvmawmif;wmyg bb/
ol&OD;wifOD;--tm;? uRefawmfh vmawGUNyD; AsL;wJholawGu AsL;oGm;
MuNyD/ pmtkyfxkwfr,fqdkNyD;/ pmtkyfu rxGufvmEkdifao;bl;/
zd k ; pd k i f ; (*sme,f v pf ) --uRefawmfwdkYu tjrefvkyfrSmyg/
ol&OD;wifOD;--tjrefvyk w
f mawmh vkyaf eMuwmyJ/ uRefawmf ud,
k f
wdkifu rtm;wm/ tjywfav;awG

ar;wmuawmh uRefawmfajymvdYk &w,f/ pDumywfu;kH BuD; jyefajym&r,f

qdk&ifaoawmhr,fvlu/ enf;wmr[kwfbl;/ t&SnfBuD;/ roufom
bl;aemf/ roufombl;/;
zd k ; pd k i f ; (*sme,f v pf ) --'gqdk bb&JU twKywdudk uRefawmfa&;xm;
NyD; jyefvmjyr,f/ bb edit jyefvkyfay;vdkY&rvm;/
ol & OD ; wif O D ; --at;aygh at;aygh/ ta&;rBuD;wmav;awG a&Smif
vdkufNyD;awmh orkdif;0ifwmrsKd;av;awG yk*dKvfa&;rxdcdkufatmifaygh/
tJ'gqdkvnf; a&;,lvmcJhav/ uRefawmfeJYywfoufwmvnf; rSwfxm;
OD;/ 'DaeYxd wyfrawmfxJu xGufoGm;NyD;wJhaemufydkif;rSm "mwfyHkawG
a&m? pm&Gufpmwrf;awGa&m? olwdkYu tukefvHk; rD;dIUvdkufNyD/ "mwfyHk
awmif rusefbl;/ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfyHkawmif rusefbl;/ tck xnfh
aewJhyHku wdkif;rSL;yHkudk xnfhaewm/ umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfyHk ususee
eJYudk r&Sdwm/
xdktcg uRefawmfhtaeESifh (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ jyefYusJaeaom
tifwmAsL;rsm;ESifh "mwfyHkrsm;udk vdkufvH&SmazGum (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;
\ jzwfoef;cJhaom b0yHk&dyfrsm;udk twKywdqefqef a&;om;jyKpk
jzpfcJhygonf/ (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;taeESifh rdrd\orkdif;aMumif;udk pdwf
&Snfvuf&Snfjzifh RFA owif;XmerS q&mOD;cifarmifpdk; pDpOfwifquf
aom jynfolYbufu AdkvfcsKyfBuD;u@? VOA owif;XmerS q&mOD;
a&mf e D n d r f ; pD p Of w if q uf a om wyf r S L ;wyf o m;ajympum;rsm;wG i f
tus,fw0ifh ajymjyxm;onf/ jynfolcspfaom umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
a[mif; AdkvfcsKyfBuD; ol&OD;wifOD; pmtkyfjzpfzdkY&ef q&mOD;cifarmifpdk;ESifh
q&mOD;a&mfeDndrf;udk uRefawmfhtaeESifh cGifhawmif;onfhtcg owif;
XmeESifh rdrdwdkY\ emrnfrsm; azmfjy&efom vdktyfaMumif;ajymum tif
wmAsL;rsm;udk toHk;jyKcGifhay;xm;aMumif; ajymonf/
(bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ b0jzwfoef;rIorkdif;aMumif; yHk&dyfrsm;onf
pmtkyfwpftkyftjzpf vdktyfaeonf[k uRefawmfxifygonf/ uRefawmf
xifonfh txifuo
hJ Ykd (bb)ol&OD;wifO;D taeESiv
hf nf; rdr\
d twKywd
udk xkwfEkdif&ef tcsdefrtm;vyfaomaMumifh udk,fwdkifra&;om;Ekdifao;
aMumif;? a&;xm;NyD;om;rsm; [dkwpfp? 'Dwpfp&SdaeNyD; pmtkyftjzpf
rxGufay:Ekdifao;aMumif; ajymjyonf/ (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;ESifhywfouf
onfh "mwfyHkrsm;? orkdif;taxmuftxm;rsm;onf tmPm&Sif OD;ae0if;
tpdk;&u rD;dIUzsufqD;cJhNyD; jzpfygonf/ wyfrawmfESifh ywfouf xGuf

&Sdvmonfh pmtkyftcsKdU&Sdygonf/ AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;ausmfaZm\ qdkif;pk

rSonf ref[dkif;qDodkY udk,fwdkifa&; twKywdaygif;csKyf? AdkvfcsKyfBuD;
a[mif;cspfaqG(aemifppfonf)\ aowpfaeYarG;wpfaeY twGJ(1?2?3)?
AdkvfrSL;BuD;a[mif;wifarmifa&;onfh rkefwdkif;jzwfausmf ppfonfawmf
wpfOD;(oHk;wGJaygif;csKyf)? armifaqGouf\ u'l;rrSarmfzodkY? AdkvfrSL;csKyf
wifhaqG(zsmyHk)\ ausmydk;tdwfav;udk csDumvG,f? q&moef;0if;vdIif\
OD;oef;a&T(odkYr[kwf)aejynfawmfrif;om;BuD;? AdkvfcsKyfpdk;0if;(uG,fvGef)
\ pmrsufESm (600)ausmfyg0ifonfh pmtkyf ponfjzifh wyfrawmfESifh
ywfoufonfh pmtkyfrsm; xGuf&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfygonf/
,aeYouf&Sdxif&Sm;&Sdaeao;onfh jrefrmhwyfrawmf\ av;a,muf
ajrmuf umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif; Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;ol&OD;wifO;D \ twKywd
pmtkyfonf pmayavmu? EdkifiHa&;avmuwGif xGuf&Sd&ef usefae
ao;onfh pmtkyfwpftkyfjzpfygonf/ wyfrawmfom;b0udk jzwfoef;
cJhMuolrsm;xJrS jynfolYbufu &yfwnfcJhaom? jynfolvufcHaom?
jynfolcspfaom? jynfolvdkvm;aom umuG,fa&;
OD;pD;csKyfa[mif;wpfa,muf\ twKywdpmtkyf
onfvnf; xGuf&Sd&efvdktyfaeonfh pmtkyf jzpf
ygonf/ odkYaMumifhyif jynfolcspfaom umuG,f
a&;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif; (bb)ol&OD;wifO;D \ b0jzwf
oef;rIorkdif;aMumif; yHk&dyfrsm;udk tcsuftvuf
rSm;,Gif;rIr&Sdatmif? jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;wGif(bb)
ol&OD;wifO;D ud,
k w
f ikd yf g0ifywfoufco
hJ nfh orkid ;f
0ifta&;tcif;rsm;? tjzpftysufrsm; usefvyfrI
r&S&d atmif? tmPm&Si(f rqv) ygwDOu|OD;ae0if;
ESihf (bb)ol&OD;wifO;D wd\
Yk qufE,
G f qufqcH &hJ yHk
rsm;udk (*sme,fvpf)wpfa,muftaeESifh pkpnf;
azmfjyxm;jcif;omjzpfygonf/
(2)
uRefawmfwdkY vli,fb0 jrifawGUjzwfoef;cJh&
onfh wyfrawmfESifh(bb)ol&OD;wifOD;wdkY acwf
uzufqpfqefYusifa&;? e,fcsJUqefYusifa&; wyfr
awmfom;b0ESifh EdIif;,SOfvQif rsm;pGmuGmjcm;aeyg
onf/ rnfodkYuGmjcm;Muonfudk(bb)ol& OD;wif
OD;\jynfolcspfaom umuG,fa&; OD;pD;csKyfa[mif;
pmtkyfxJrSm uRefawmfvufvSrf;rDorQ jyKpkwifjy
ay;xm;ygonf/ (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ jynfolcspf
aom umuG,af &;OD;pD; csKyfa[mif;pmtkyx
f rJ mS uRefawmfvufvrS ;f rDorQ
jyKpkwifjyay;xm;ygonf/ (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ b0jzwfoef;rIykH&dyf
rsm;ukd &oqefqefcsOf;uyfMunfhIrnfqkdygu kyf&SifjyuGufrsm;xJuvkd
wpfcef;NyD; wpfpcef;a&GU aeonfukd awGU&ygrnf/ (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\
i,fpOfb0rS umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfjzpfco
hJ nfh tcef;u@tygt0if ,aeY
NLD ygwD\ em,u jzpfonfhtcsdefxd (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ avmu"H
vIdif;vkH;onf edrfhcsnf? jrifhcsnf? wufcsnf? uscsnfjzifh kyf&Sifwpfum;
Munfh&ovkd twk,lzG,f? oifcef;pm,lzG,f? emusnf;zG,f? a'gojzpf
zG,f? emusifcHcufzG,f? pGefYpm;cef;rsm;pGmjzifh jynfhESufaeonf/
wpfzef (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ b0xJrS wyfrawmfom;wpfa,muf
\ zufqpfqefYusifa&;ESifh wkwfjzLe,fcsJUrsm;ukd wkdufxkwfcJhonfh
ppfom;wpfa,muf\ cyfMurf;Murf;b0ukdvnf; tm;ustwk,lzG,f
awGU&Sd&rnfjzpfygonf/ wyfrawmfom;b0rSm a,musfm;yDyD AkdvfcsKyf
rSmMum;cJo
h nft
h wkid ;f wm0efausyGeaf tmif xrf;aqmifwwfonfh (bb)
OD;wifOD;twGuf Akdvfavmif;b0rS wyfrawmf\ tjrifhqkH;&mxl;umuG,f
a&;OD;pD;csKyf &mxl;&onftxd wpfqifhNyD; wpfqifh &mxl;&&SdcJhovkd
wm0ef\ apTef&mtwkdif; us&mt&yfrSmae? ay;wJhwm0efukd ausyGef
atmif xrf;aqmif&if;txuf? atmufwyfrawmfwGif;qufqHa&;wGif
(bb)ol&OD;wifO;D onf &Jabmfwidk ;f ? wyfom;wkid ;f \ cspfcifru
I dk cH,&l &Sd
cJo
h nf/ xkt
Yd jyif tmPm&Sipf pfAv
dk \
f vufatmuf wpfaoGrwdr;f trdeYf
emcHwwfonfh (bb)ol&OD;wifO;D twGuf vkyaf zmfuidk zf ufrsm;\ remvdk
acsmufwGef;rIawGMum; umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf&mxl;uae z,f&Sm;cHcJh&jyef
onf/ xkdYaemuf vufatmufi,fom;rsm;u (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;twGuf
emusnf;a'gorsm;jzifh Ekid if aH wmfvyk Bf uH&ef BuHpnfco
hJ nft
h ydik ;f wGiv
f nf;
owif;xdrfcsefrIjzifh jypf'PfuscHcJh&onf/ (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ b0
onf vSHxrf;vmonfukdjrif&NyD; uHxrf;vmonfukdrjrif&bl;[k ajym
vQif rSefrnfjzpfygonf/
wyfrawmf\ trsKd;om;acgif;aqmifBuD; Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u ppfO;D
pD;csKyf? ppfaoemywdcsKyfjzpfonfhtcsdefwGif (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;onf
r*Fvm'kHwwd,tywf ArmhumuG,fa&;wyfrawmfppfwuokdvf? Akdvf
oifwef;ausmif;wGif Akv
d af vmif;tjzpf pwifwufciG &hf onf/ xkt
d csdeu
f
(bb)ol&OD;wifO;D bmaMumifw
h yfrawmfx0J ifc&hJ vJ? wyfrawmfom; wpf
a,muf? ppfAkdvfwpfa,muf[m vlwef;pm;wpf&yfvm;/ a&SUwef;rSm
ppfwkduf&wJhtcg txrf;orm;udk b,fvkdac:&vJ/ 1953 ckESpfwGif
jy|mef;cJhonfh ppfonfawmfusifh0wfqkdwm bmawGvJ? wyfrawmfacwf
tqufquf bmawGumG jcm;cJNh yDv/J 'DaeY wyfrawmfx0J ifvo
dk nfh vli,f
rsm;taeESihf (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;udk erlem,l? vkdufemtwk,lp&mrsm;ukd
vufvSrf;rD&m &SmazGazmfjyxm;ygonf/
xkdYtjyif 1952? 1956? 1960? 1990? 2010? 2012 ckESpfwkdYwGif
usif;ycJhonfh a&G;aumufyGJwGif wyfrawmfonfrnfokdYaom tcef;u@
uyg0ifcJhonf/ 1974 ckESpf? (bb)ol&OD;wifOD; umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf
jzpfonfhtcsdefrS vTwfawmftawGUtBuKHrsm;ukd ,aeYvTwfawmfxJrS 25

cifBu;D us,f 2NE1

urmausmfudk&D;,m;tqdkawmf 2NE1 tzGJU jrefrmjynf vma&muf

azsmfajzoGm;wm yGJpDpOfcJh&wJholawG tawmf tcufBuHKcJh&ygw,f/ urm
ausmf tqdkawmftzGJUjzpfwmeJYtnD awmif;qdkrIawGuvnf; yGJpDpOfol
rvdu
k af vsmEkid af vmufatmifygyJ/ yGu
J akd wmh Living Song Entertainment
u udak pmr&efu pDpOfcw
hJ myg/ (2)&ufwm vma&mufcw
hJ hJ 2NE1 wnf;cdk
zdkYtwGufudkawmh awmf0ifO,smOf[dkw,fu pyGefqmay;cJhygw,f/
awmf0ifO,smOf[dkw,fu pzGifhwm ESpfvcefYyJ&Sdao;NyD; 2NE1 tzGJU&JU
awmif;qdw
k hJ ud&k ;D ,m;tpm;taomufawGeYJ vHNk cHKa&;awGtwGuf tqif
ajyatmif tawmftcuftcJ&SdcJhaMumif; [dkw,fydkif&Sif r0wf&nfaxG;
u qdkygw,f/
2NE1 tzGJU pdwfBudKuf ckefayguf azsmfajzEkdifzdkYtwGuf pwdwfpifudk

awmh LED rD;awGeJYvkyfay;cJh&ygw,f/

tJh'D LED rD;awGu rkd;&GmwJh tcsdefrSm
0g,ma&S m h c f j zpf w maMumif h v nf ; yG J
Munfhy&dowfawGudk yGJcsdef aemufusrS
yGu
J iG ;f xJ0ifciG jhf yKcJyh gw,f/ 0g,ma&Smch f
jzpfaewJhtcsdefrSm tcsdeftuefYtowf
eJY tqifrajy&ifcsufcsif; udk&D;,m;
EkdifiHudk jyefr,f qdkwmaMumifhvnf;
yGJpDpOfwJh udkapmr&efyGJrysufatmifvdkY
tawmf BudK;pm;cJ&h w,fvYkd qdyk gw,f/
2NE1 tzGJUu jrefrmEdkifiHu a&
udkawmifraomufMubl;vdkYpme,fZif;
awGeaYJ wGUqH&k mrSmyJ&&J 0J 0hH ahH jymcJyh gw,f/
tJh'DtwGufvnf; a0zefwmawG cH
vdkuf&ygao;w,f/ 2NE1 azsmfajzwJh
aeYrSmawmhtdrfomudk pDpOfay;wmrSm
vnf ; jyemwuf c J h y gao;w,f
aemufqHk;r&wJhtqHk;awmh pDpOfay;wJha&GUvsm;tdrfomudkyJ 2NE1 tzGJU
pdwfavQmhNyD; toHk;jyKcJh&ygw,f/
2NE1 tzGJU azsmfajzr,fhyGJtwGuf vufrSwfwpfapmifudk (9)odef;
txday;&wmaMumifv
h nf; jrefrmy&dowfawGtMum;aomaomnH atmif
ajymqdkoHawGxGufvmygw,f/ dI;yGJvufrSwfcudk;odef;usyfqdkayr,fh
vnf;oGm;MunfhwJholtrsm;tjym;yg/ vufrSwfcusyfudk;odef;[m EdkifiH
wumpHEIef;twdkif;ygyJvdkY yGJpDpOfoluawmhqdkygw,f/ 2NE1 tzGJU[m
Mo*kwfv (2)&ufaeYu &efukefrSm azsmfajzcJhNyD; awmh azsmfajztNyD;rSmyJ
ud&k ;D ,m;Ekid if H jyefxu
G o
f mG ;Muygw,f/ yGNJ yD; wmeJcY sufcsif;jyefomG ;wm[m
jrefrmjynfuvHkNcHKa&;ray;EkdifwJhtwGufaMumifh 2NE1 tzGJU ajymqdkoGm;
apmzd k ; cG m ;
w,fvdkY rD'D,mwcsKdUrSmazmfjycJhygw,f/

atmifcsdrfhuAsm 12 yk'f pkpnf;rI 4? armifomEkd; t*Fvdyfbmomjyefqkdonf

ESpfumvrsm;? pmtkyftpDtpOf12 ckjzpfonf/
]]uAsmeJY uAsmqkid &f m pmtkyrf sm;om xkww
f w
hJ u
dk v
f Ykd trSwt
f om;
&SdwJh ESpfumvrsm;rSvnf; qkdawmh uAsm 12
yk'f 4 tkyfajrmufvnf; qkdawmh uRefawmf
aysmfygw,f? tJovkd aysmfygap/}}
av;pm;pG m jzif h
atmifcsdrfh
pmtkyfaemufausmzkH;rS pmom;jzpfonf/
nDav ]]jrwfcdkif}}okdY
atmifcsdrfh
8-8-2014 [k q&muk d a tmif c sd r f h
vuf r S w f a &;xk d ; ay;xm;aom pmtk y f v uf
aqmifudk zwfI&aomtcg .../
tJ o vk d a ysmf y gap
1/
12 yk'f? 12 yk'feJY 48 yk'fwkdif cJhygNyD/
tBudrfwkdif; tBudrfwkdif;twGuf aus;Zl;/
2/
]armifopfrif;} u uRefawmfhu Asmwpf
yk'fukd zwfae&if; ]ukdatmifcsdrfh uAsm awG
10 yk'af vmuf t*Fvyd b
f m omjyefav;eJY xkwf
&ifaumif;r,f}ajymawmh aemufwpf&ufrSm
uRefawmfu ]opfopf? 10 yk'f rvkyfeJY? 12
yk'fvkyf? uAsm wpf'gZifaygh}
3/
tJ'geJY armifopfrif;xkwfa0wJh uAsm 12 yk'f trSwfpOf 1
xGufcJhwmayghav/ uAsmpmtkyfawGtcuftcJawGaMumifh rxGufEkdifwJh?
arSmifaewJhESpfrsm;rdkY ]uAsm 12 yk'f}[m a&mif;ukefoGm;ygw,f/
4/
aemufwpfcg oli,fcsif; armifprf;at;(oJukef;) uAsmpmtkyfxkwf

cGifhomvmwmeJY uAsm 12 yk'f (1) eJY (2)ukd wpfNydKifeufwnf;

xkwfa0ygw,f/ olU ]tvGrf;oHpkH}vnf;ygwmayghav/ uAsm 12 yk'f[m
aemifawmf armifomEkd;&JU t*Fvdyfbmom jyef
rsm;eJYayghav/
5/
aemufwpfcg ]rkwfokwfwkdY rdom;pk}ukd
uRefawmfh awmif;qdkrIaMumifh uAsm 12 yk'f
(3) xG u f j zpf c J h y gw,f / cif a t;at;armf & J U
&Sd&if;pGJ ]apma[0f} xkwfa0a&;rS ...
6/
uAsm 12 yk'f (1) (2) (3)/
7/
tck (4)/ rkd;a0wkdY&JU ]ESpfumvrsm;}rS ...
8/
tpuae ,cktxd uRefawmfhuAsmrsm;rS
ES Y H p yf a xmif h a ph a tmif a&G ; cs,f x m;ygw,f /
pmzwfolrsm;taeeJYvnf; a&G;rdwmav;rsm;
&SdcJhvQifvkyfyg/ aus;Zl;yg/ uRefawmfwkdY a&G;
Muwmaygh/
9/
uAsmeJY uAsmqkdif&mpmtkyfrsm;om xkwf
wJhwkdufvkdYtrSwftom;&SdwJh ]ESpfumvrsm;}
rSvnf; qkdawmh uAsm 12 yk'f 4 tkyfajrmuf
vnf; qkdawmh uRefawmfaysmfygw,f? tJovdk
aysmfygap/

&mcdkifEIef;yg0ifaeonfh wyfrawmf\ tcef;u@ESifh EIdif;,SOfavhvm

&ef (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ vTwfawmftawGUtBuKHrsm;ukd jyefvnfazmfjy
xm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ xkdtcsdefu (jynfolU&J)[k owfrSwf&ef vTwfawmf
wGif tqkdwpfck wifoGif;ovkd (jynfolUwyfrawmf)jzpfzdkY&efvnf; tqkd
wpfckwifoGif;rnfhtaMumif;ukd (bb)ol&OD;wifOD;u umuG,fa&;OD;pD;
csKyfwpfa,muftaeESifh jynfolu wu,fvkdvkdvm;vm; &ifxJu
ac:rSom jynfolUwyfrawmf[k owfrSwfrnfjzpfaomaMumifh ,if;tqkd
ukd vTwfawmfwGif wifoGif;aqG;aEG;jcif; r&SdcJhay/
(3)
(bb)ol&OD;wifOD;\ jzwfoef;cJhaom ykH&dyfrsm;onf rsm;pGmusef&Sd
aeygao;onf/ uRefawmfa&;om;jyKpkonfh jynfolcspfaom umuG,f
a&;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif; AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ol&OD;wifOD;pmtkyfonf (bb)ol&
OD;wifO;D \b0jzwfoef;rIxrJ t
S csKdUom&Syd gao;onf/ trsKd;om;'Dru
dk a&pD

tzGJUcsKyf(em,u)? umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif; AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ol&OD;wifOD;

\ b0jzwfoef;rIrsm;ukd xyfrHa&;om;Murnf(okdYr[kwf) wyfrawmfom;
wk\
Yd orkid ;f aMumif;ukd a&;om;usrf;jyKMurnfqydk gu uRefawmfa&;om;jyK
pkonfh jynfolcspfaom umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif; pmtkyfi,fav;
onf wpfaxmifhwpfae&mrS yg0ifulnDEkdifvdrfhrnf[k ,kHMunfrdygonf/
uRefawmfh,kHMunfrIukd 0kdif;0ef;ulnDay;cJhMuovdk jynfolcspfaom
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif; AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ol&OD;wifOD;pmtkyfjzpfay:zkdY&ef
yxrqkH;tBuHay;wkdufwGef;cJhonf (OD;av;)q&mommPf(&efuif;)?
tcsdefrtm;vyfonfhMum;rS tifwmAsL;rsm;ajzay;cJhonfh (bb)ol&
OD;wifOD;? OD;wifOD;ESifhawGUqkH&ef txl;ulnDcJhonf q&mrkH&GmOD;atmif&Sif?
jynfolcspfaom umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif;pmtkyfESifhywfouf (bb)
ol&OD;wifOD;taMumif;waphwpfapmif; jyefvnfajymjycJhMuonfh q&m
BuD;rif;,ka0? AkdvfrSL;BuD;(Nidrf;)oD[ol&OD;pkd;odrf;? AkdvfrSL;BuD;(Nidrf;)pdk;

av;pm;pG m jzif h
atmifcsdrfh
[l azmfjyxm;jyefonf/ uAsm 12 yk'fjzpfonf/ tcsKdUrSm r*Zif;
rsm;wGif ykHESdyfazmfjyxm;aom uAsmrsm;jzpfonf/

wpf a eY o uREk f y f w k d Y \ rd w f a qG B uD ; ES p f O D ; jzpf a om OD ; ygy

ESifhOD;tm*wdkYonf olwkdY\ xkH;pHtwkdif; tifwmeufuzD;wpfckwGif
ausmuf c sxk d i f N yD ; oumv ...? pum;azmif z G J U aeMu acsawmh
ownf ; ../
OD ; ygy
AsKdUq&mBuD; bmowif;awGxl;aeNyDvJAs? vkyfprf;ygtkef;/
OD ; tm*
xl;wmuawmh a&awGBuD;wmyJ? AsKdUa&ab;'kuonfawG t
wGuf tultnDawmif;aewJh toHawGuvnf; aomaomnHae
wmyJAsKdU/
OD ; ygy
aMomf 'gvm; ul w J h o l a wG u ul v S L wJ h o l u vS L aeMuwmyJ
r[kwfvm; ukd,fhvl&/
OD ; tm*
at;av 'gawmh 'gaygh/ okdYaomfvnf;ayghAsm/ a&BuD;aewJh
owif ; awG ? ab;'k u a &muf a ewJ h owif ; awG u k d v l r I u G e f & uf
pmrsufESmawGrSmyJ yvlysHatmifBudK;yrf;aeMuwmawGU&NyD; EkdifiHykdif
owif;pmwkdY TV wdkY a&'D,kdwkdYu bmaMumifhus,fus,fjyefYjyefY
xJxJ0if0ifrazmfjy wmvJqkdwm odcsifvkdYygAsm/
OD ; ygy
aMomf 'gvm; q&morm;u od&UJ om;eJY Ekid if yH idk rf 'D ,
D mawGqw
dk m
u EkdifiHydkifudpawGyJ OD;pm;ay;ae&wmav;Asm/
OD ; tm*
[if!
'gjzifh Ekid if yH idk o
f wif;pmawGu pme,fZif;usif0h wfet
YJ nD azmfjy
aeMuw,fqkd/
OD ; tm*
[kwfw,fav/
OD ; ygy
'gjzifh 8888
26 ESpfjynfhtcrf;tem;awG bmjzpfvkdYvJ razmfjywmvJAs/
OD ; tm*
tJ ..tJ'guawmh ..[kdav
[kd tJ tD; ...
cifAsm; ..uvJ od&JUom;eJYAsm ...
[J [J
(okdYESifh olwkdYESpfOD;om;onf xkHpHtwkdif; anmifndKyifpcef;rS
vrf ; cG J o G m ;Muacsawmh o nf [l o wwf .../)

tajzrS e f r sm;
1/ (1) bmbGef;arsmuf
2/ (3) Skywalker
3/ (3) wkdYzl;
4/ (1) Burning Man
5/ (2) rl;,pfaq;
6/ (3) 0Jjcif;(hover)
7/ (2) a&b0J
pkd;jrwfEG,f
vGif? tywfpOf 39 wyfMuyfBuD;pma&; tNidrf;pm;OD;a&Todef;? (bb)ol&
OD;wifOD;ESifh tifwmAsL;&mwGif uRefawmfESifhtwl vkdufygulnDay;cJhonfh
ukdat;atmif? toHzkdiftcsKdUtm; ulnDay;onfh nDi,fapmzkd;cGm;wdkYukd
aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf/ xkdYtjyif pmayavmu? EkdifiHa&;avmutwGuf
vkdtyfaeonfh jynfolcspfaom umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif;pmtkyfukd
pmzwfy&dowfvufxJta&mufykdYaqmifay;onfh rZdrpmayukd txl;yif
aus;Zl;wif&SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifazmfjyygonf/ jynfolcspfaom um
uG,af &;OD;pD;csKyfa[mif;pmtkyEf iS yhf wfouf wpfpw
Hk pf&mvGaJ csmfrmS ;,Gi;f
cJhonf&Sdaomf uRefawmfh\ nHhzsif;rIomjzpfygaMumif; 0efcHpum;qkdtyfyg
onf/
zkd;pdkif;(*sme,fvpf)
2014? Zl v d k i f (7)
[lazmfjyxm;onf/

13

2014 Mo*kwf 2 &ufaeYu uRefawmfh 58 ESpfjynfh arG;aeYyGJudk

&efukef? uefawmfBuD; u&0dufeef;awmfwGif usif;yEkdifcJhonf/ tm;vHk;
0dkif;0ef;csD;jrifhMu yGJvScJh&onf/ uRefawmfhudk cspfcifolrsm;? oHa,mZOf
&Sdolrsm;\ aus;Zl;w&m;yifjzpfonf/ uRefawmhfarG;aeYyGJwGif trSwfw&
a&;om;csD;jrifhcJhMuonfrsm;rSmvnf; trSwf&p&mjzpfonf/ tvm;wl
q&marmifrsKd;(aMumifESpfaumifpmay)\ tpDtpOfjzifh pifjrifhtxufrS
rk'dwmpum;csD;jrifhay;cJhMuolrsm;udkvnf; aus;Zl;wif&SdcJh&ovdk yGJrodrf;
Ekdifatmif tm;ay;cJhMuonfh nDi,ftaygif;udkvnf; trSwf&aerdyg
awmhonf/
zcifBuD;OD;tkef;cdkif
uGsefawmfuawmh OD;jrwfcdkifvdkYac:wJh qefeDtkef;cdkif&JU zcifwpf
a,mufjzpfygw,f/ olUukd bmaMumifjh rwfcikd v
f Ykd uGseaf wmfu bmaMumifh
emrnfay;cJo
h vJqakd wmh jrifjh rwfcikd rf mwJph w
d "f mwfzdS t
Ykd wGuf 'Demrnfudk
uGseaf wmfay;cJw
h mjzpfygw,f/ uGseaf wmf olUukd jyKpkysKd ;axmifcw
hJ muawmh
odyrf Sv
d yS gbl;/ olUrSm pGr;f aqmifEikd w
f t
hJ &nftcsi;f awG i,fi,fuwnf;u
Sw
d ,fqw
kd m odygw,f/ uGseaf wmf olwu
Ykd dk i,fi,fav;uwnf;u pmayrSm
pdw0f ifpm;vmatmif uGseaf wmfenf;trsKd ;rsKd ;eJY BuKd ;pm;cJyh gw,f/ pmtkypf mwrf;
i,fi,fuwnf;u 0,fay;cJw
h ,f/ zwfapcJw
h ,f/ tJonf avmufygyJ/
tJonfawmh olU&JUvHv
Yk 0D&,
D eJBY udK;pm;tm;xkwrf aI wGaMumifh 'DaeY'v
D t
kd ajc
taersKd ;ukd a&mufvmw,fvyYkd J uGseaf wmfjrifygw,f/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
OD;cifGefY
uGsefawmfcspfav;pm;wJh rD'D,mavmurSmxifay:ausmfMum;wJh
ukdjrwfcdkifBuD;ukd *kPfjyKwJhtaeeJY 'DuaeY uGsefawmfvmjcif;jzpfygw,f/
ukdjrwfcdkifBuD;taeeJYu uGsefawmfhukd wav;wpm;vma&mufNyD;awmh
zdwfMum;wJhtwGuf tJonfhzdwfMum;csufukd wav;wpm;yJ uGsefawmf
jyef v nf N yD ; wH k Y j yef w J h t aeeJ Y 'D u aeY MuG a &muf v mjcif ; jzpf y gw,f /
tJonfawmh cifrif&if;ESD;rI[m t"duygyJ/ cifrif&if;ESD;rIaMumifhvnf;
'DyGJukd uRefawmfwufjzpfwmyg/ wjcm;bmrS &nfG,fcsufawGrSdygbl;/
aemuf ukdjrwfcdkifBuD;eJYu uGsefawmfeJYu &if;&if;ESD;ESD;qufqHaexdkifMu
wJhyk*dKvfcsif;jzpfwJhtwGuf wpfa,muftaMumif;vnf; wpfa,muf
odNyD;om;jzpfygw,f/ tJonfawmh rD'D,mavmurSmawmh ukdjrwfcdkifukd
rodol U U U jrefrmEdkifiHrSmvnf; rodol rSdygbl;/ olU&JUta&;tom;awG?
olU&JUazmfjycsufawG[m pdwf0ifpm;zdkY tifrwefaumif;ygw,f/ olu
ajzMum;wJv
h al wG tykt
d vdrk Sad tmif azmfjywwfwyhJ *k Kd vfyg/ wcsdKUrD',
D m
awGusawmhvnf; vdkwdk;ykdavQmhawG vkyfwwfwmayghav/ oluawmh
vdkwdk;ykdavQmhrvkyfygbl;/ trSefukdtrSefwdkif;/ ajym&if ajymwJhtwdkif;yJ/
avQmhvnf; ravQmhbl;/ ykdvnf; rykdbl;/ tJ'gu tifrwef av;
pm;zdaYk umif;ygw,f/ aemufwpfcu
k tifrwef yg;eyfvrd m wJh rD',
D morm;
jzpfygw,f/ olar;orQ [mukd ajz&ifawmh wpfcg w&Hus&if 'kua&muf

ukjd rwfcikd u
f vnf;yJ uGsefawmfh
ajr;eJw
Y jznf;jznf; olu G,w
f l
jzpfjzpf vmawmh tbd;k tbGm;
vdkYac:ygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvkdY
uGsefawmfvnf; tbd;k vdt
Yk ac:
cH&ygw,f/ uGsefawmf touf
rBuD; ao;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh
uGsefawmft
h oufudk ajymif;jyef
ajymzdcYk ufw,f/ ajymif;jyefajym
vku
d &f if (97) ESpjf zpfomG ;yg vdrhf
r,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY ajymif;
jyefrajym&Jygbl;/
tJonfawmh ukjd rwfcikd ef YJ
ywfoufwJharG;aeYrSmawmhjzifh
rk'w
d mpum; ajymygw,f/ ukd jrwfcikd [
f m olUtaMumif;eJyY wfoufNyD;awmh
uGsefawmfwYkd pmayavmurSm uGsefawmfwu
Ydk dk wu,fajrawmif ajrSmuf
ay;wm q&mOD;0if;Nidr;f eJY q&mOD;jrwfcidk f jzpfygw,f/ olwt
Ykd m;ay;vdyYk J
uGseaf wmf 'Dpmaye,frmS a&mufadS ewJt
h wGuaf Mumifrh v
Ykd Ykd tbd;k tbGm;ac:
vnf; auseyfygw,f/ bd;k bd;k BuD;ac:vnf; auseyfygw,f/ b,fvykd aJ c:
ac:yg/ 'gayr,fh uGsefawmf b0rSma&;cJyh gw,f/ oufwrf;jynfq
h &kd ifawmh
wkdYu tESpfESpfq,fapmNyD;awmh oGm;&rSmyg/ tJ'gav;yJ uGsefawmf
a&;cJyh gw,f/ wu,fwrf; oufwrf;jynfq
h &kd if uGsefawmft
h rsdK;orD;xuf
q&mOD;0if;Nidr;f u q,fEpS if ,fygw,f/ q&mOD;jrwfcikd u
f uGsefawmft
h rsdK;
orD;xuf tESpfESpfq,fi,fygw,f/ uGsefawmfhtrsdK;orD;eJYuGsefawmfeJY
ESpEf pS u
f mG ygw,f/ uGseaf wmfu (22) xufyNdk y;D toufBuD;wJt
h wGuaf Mumifh
yHrk eS q
f &kd if uGsefawmfu (22) ESpaf pmNyD; oGm;&rSmjzpfwt
hJ wGuaf Mumifrh v
Ykd Ykd
olUukrd mS p&mrSyd gbl;/ olrmS wm? qH;k rwmawGudk em;axmifrrI Sad omfvnf;
olUajcvSr;f av;ukMd unfNh yD; uk,
d v
f nf; b,fvv
kd rS ;f &r,fqw
kd m vku
d af e
&ygw,f/ tJonfvdkav;yJ ajymcsifygw,f/ ukdjrwfcdkifqufNyD; awmh
BudK;pm;yg/ atmifjrifrmS yg/
a':0g0g0if ; aT
armifjrwfcikd f rSmwmu tpfrrSm tpfudk w
dS ,f/ tJonft
h pfuq
dk &kd if
rSdawmhbl;ayghaemf/ 'gayr,fh tJonfhtpfukdSdpOfuwnf;u armifav;
armifjrwfcikd u
f tpfru tpfr&JUarmift&if;wpfa,mufvydk J tJonfw
h ek ;f
u cspfcJhwm ,aeYtxdygyJ/ cspfcJhw,fqdkwJhae&mrSmvnf; wu,fharmif
ESrt&if;vdk tpfrwdkY bmajymrvJ U U U qdk;twlaumif;tzuf U U U
qd;k twlaumif;tzufqw
kd m udpt
00ukd tpfru armifwpfa,mufvykd J
olUtay:rSm &ifzGifhEdkifw,f/ &ifzGifhEdkifwJholuvnf; armifav;ygyJtpfr

wwfygw,f/ uGsefawmfuawmh tJ'gukd tifrwef *kpdkufygw,f/

ukdjrwfcdkifBuD; ar;&ifawmh olutifrwefyg;eyfw,f/ wpfckNyD;&if
qifhuJqifhuJ oluar;wwfw,f/ subject wpfckudk ajzMum; vdkuf&if
tJ o nf h subject &J U quf N yD ; jzpf x G e f ; vmwJ h ? ay:xG e f ; vmwJ h
tcsuftvufawGukd oluaumufwwfw,f/ tJonfhtcsuf tvufa
y:rlwnfNyD;awmh qifhuJqifhuJ ar;cGef;awGxkwfvm&if ajzwJhvlu
wpfcgw&Hus&if ryg;eyf&if'kua&mufwwfygw,f/ 'g[m olU&JUynm
cef;yg/ 'gu av;pm;vdkY uGsefawmfajymwmyg/ tJonfawmh ajzwJhvlawG
tay:rSm rlwnfygw,f/ wcsdKUusawmhvnf; ajzaumif;wkef;ajzvdkuf
wmayghav/ oluvnf; ar;vdaYk umif;wke;f ar;vdu
k w
f t
hJ cgrSm wpfcgw&H
us&if a wmh 'gav;awG u jyemay:wwf y gw,f / tJ ' guawmh
tifrwef uGsefawmf*kpdkufygw,f/ av;vnf;av;pm;ygw,f/ rD'D,m
avmurSm oleJYywfoufNyD; uGsefawmfrSwfcsufa&;xm;ygw,f/ rD'D,m
avmu&JU rD;SL;wefaqmifqdkNyD; uGsefawmfa&;xm;ygw,f/ tJonfawmh
rD',
D mavmurSm olUukd arhvrYkd &ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh wav;wpm;eJY 'DuaeY
uGsefawmfMuGa&mufjcif;jzpfygw,f/ wjcm;ajymp&mrSdygbl;/ uGsefawmfhukd
ed*Hk;csKyfcGifhjyKygcifAsm;/
OD;GefYaqG(armifaqGouf)
uGsefawmfwu
Ykd oufBuD;G,t
f q
kd akd wmh ukrd sdK;(Two Cat)uvnf;?

&JUaumif;usdK;qdk;usdK;tm;vHk;ukd armifjrwfcdkifu ,aeYtxd tpfrwpf

a,mufvdkvkyfay;wJhtwGuf igharmif 'DaeYarG;aeYuaeraoygeJYOD;vdkY/
toufawGtrsm;BuD;SnfNyD;awmh tm;vHk;&JUtusdK;twGuf o,fydk; xrf;
aqmifEdkifygapvdkY qkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkufygw,f/ aus;Zl;trsm;BuD;
wifygw,f/
*kPfxl;OD;odef;Edkif
ukdjrwfcdkif&JUarG;aeYr*Fvmukd <ua&mufcsD;jrifhMuwJh tEkynm
avmu? pmayavmu? tkyfcsKyfa&;avmu? EdkifiHa&;avmurS rdwfaqG
rsm; cifAsm;/ q&mjrwfcdkifuawmh rD'D,mr@dKifrSm vdktyfwJhyk*dKvfjzpfyg
w,f/ uGsefawmfu q&mjrwfcdkif&JUq&mjzpfwJh q&mtaxmufawmf
vSatmif&JU i,foli,fcsif;jzpfygw,f/ taxmufawmfvSatmifqdkawmh
q&mjrwfcdkifvnf; wlBuD;vdk cspfMucifMuygw,f/ taxGtxl;ajymp&m
rSdygbl;/ wpfcGef;ygyJ/ uGsefawmf a'G;csKd;uAsmav;wpfyk'f vufwef;
pyfcsifygw,f/
q&mjrwfcdkif
rD ' D , mr@d K if r S m
cd k i f r mapom;/
pwkwr@dKif
r,drf;r,dkifEdkifzdkY

14

ukdjrwfcdkif vlpGrf;aumif;u
rd w f a zmf a qG t aygif ; eJ Y
aumif ; atmif j yKom;
aus;Zl;wifygw,fcifAsm/
OD ; 0if ; Nid r f ;
'DaeY uGsefawmfhnDi,fjzpfwJh ukdjrwfcdkif&JU (58) ESpfajrmufarG;aeYrSm
tckvdk trSwfw&pum;ajymMum;cGifh&wJhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
ukdjrwfcdkifukd cspfMuvdkY pifay:rSm wkefwkef&D&D wufMu&wJholawG trsm;
BuD;ygyJ/ tm;vHk;[m olcspfwJhpdwfeJY wufMuwmyg/ uGsefawmf tayguf0
rSm olUyHkrSm b,fae&mrSma&;&rvJvdkY SmvdkufwJhtcgrSm yg;jyifxufukd
awGUygw,f/ uGsefawmfa&;cJhygw,f/ b,fESa,muferf;NyD;NyDvJvdkY/
uGsefawmfhnDukd uGsefawmfajymygw,f/ jrwfcdkif U U U rif; ajcmufq,fem;
eD;vmNyD/ raumif;wm rvkyfeJYqdkawmh tpfukd uGsefawmf raumif;wm
rvkyfygbl;wJh/ uGsefawmf aumif;wmyJvkyfygw,fwJh/ uGsefawmf olUukd
tm;ay;xm;ygw,f/ [kwNf yD rif;aumif;vmNyDq&kd ifawmh aumif;wmawGyJ
qufvkyfoGm;yg/ raumif;wm rvkyfygeJY/ ukdjrwfcdkifeJYuGsefawmfeJY pme,f
Zif;orm;b0rSm &if;ESD;ywfoufcJhwm ESpfaygif; (40)avmufSdygNyD/ ESpf
aygif; (40)avmuftwGi;f rSm uGsefawmfwYdk nDtpfut
dk &if;vdk cspfcspfcifcif
oGm;twlvmtwlpm;twl/ pdwaf umufwt
hJ cgvnf; Syd gw,f/ tcktcsdef

txdvnf; uGsefawmfwkdYESpfa,mufvufwGJNyD;awmh jrefrmEdkifiHowif;pm

q&mtoif; aumif;&maumif;aMumif;? aumif;usdK;twGufukd vufwGJ
nDnDaqmifGufaeMujcif;jzpfygw,f/ uGsefawmfuawmh usef;rma&;
tajc taet& em;aumif;em;oGm;Edkifwm jzpfayr,fh ukdjrwfcdkifuawmh
trsm;tusdK;Sdr,fhtvkyfawGukd qufvkyfrSmyg/ t"du uGsefawmfwkdY
toif;awGtwGuf vkdtyfwmu &HyHkaiGygyJ/ ukdjrwfcdkif rsufESmjyvdkuf
vdkYSd&if &HyHkaiGxnfhr,fhvlawGu rNidKrjiif MunfMunfjzLjzLeJY odef;wpf
&mqdkvnf;ay;ygw,f/ ESpf&mqdkvnf; ay;ygw,f/ tJonfawmh uGsef
awmfwkdYtoif;tzGJUawGu ukdjrwfcdkifukd &HyHkaiGtSmaumif;wJholtjzpfeJY
tm;uk;d &ygw,f/ tckvnf;uGsefawmfwYkd MJA u ukjd rwfcikd u
f dk tm;uk;d NyD;
awmh toif;rSmqd&k if vdak vao;rS/d olu yku
d q
f H mS w,f/ uGsefawmfu
jzKef;w,fayghaemf/ uGsefawmfu0,fw,f/ olu uav;wpfa,mufvdk
ylqmwwfw,f/ tpfukd [dk[mvdkcsifao;w,f/ 'D[mvdkcsifao;w,f/
wireless rdkufvdkcsifw,f/ Tripod vdkcsifw,f pojzifh olylqmorQukd
uGsefawmf 'dkifcH0,fygw,f/ tJonfawmh usefwJhtD;pDrsm;u NidKjiifyg
w,f/ bmjzpfvdkY OD;0if;Nidrf;u olylqmorQ 0,fay;aevJwJh/ uGsefawmf
ajymw,f/ 'g olmS xm;wJyh u
dk q
f aH v/ olUtdrt
f wGuf 0,fcikd ;f wmr[kwf
bl;/ toif;twGuf 0,fcdkif;wm/ toif;jynfhpHkatmif 0,fcdkif;wmjzpfwJh
twGuf uGsefawmf0,fygw,f/ olajymorQ uGsefawmftukefvdkuf0,f

wmyJ/ olqufNyD;awmh trsm; t

usdK; aqmifGufaeOD;rSmyg/ ckeu
q&m OD;GefYaqGajymoGm;ovdk
uGseaf wmfwt
Ykd pfra':oufoufaqG
xufuRefawmfu q,fESpfi,fyg
w,f/ xdkenf;wl uGsefawmfhxuf
q,fESpfi,fwmu ukdjrwfcdkifyg/
tJonfawmh oufwrf;jynfhae
oGm;Mur,fqdk&ifawmh tESpfESpf
q,f? q,fESpfapmNyD; oGm;MurSm
yg/ oluawmh qufNyD;awmh vkyf
OD ; aerS m yg/ ae&vS w pf E S p f v d k Y y J
pdwfxJrSm atmufarhrdygw,f/
uGsefawmfrSo
d nfw
h ikd af tmifvnf;
jrwfcdkifuawmh trsm;tusdK; twGufqufvkyfaeOD;rSmyg/ uGsefawmfwkdY
nDtpfukdESpfa,muf trsm;BuD;trsm;tusdK;twGuf aqmifGufcJhMuNyD;
ygNyD/ uGsefawmfuawmh aqmifGufcJhNyD;NyDayghaemf/ oluawmh qufNyD;
awmh aqmifGufOD;rSmyg/ aqmifGufOD;r,fvdkYvnf;,HkMunfygw,f/
aumif;wmav;awG qufNyD;vkyfygvdkY ajymMum;&if; ed*Hk;csKyfyg&ap/
v,f w G i f ; om;apmcspf
arG;aeYSifukdjrwfcdkifESifhwuG tm;vHk;usef;rmTifvef;ygapvdkY qk
awmif;arwmykdYygw,f/ uGsefawmfu aemufusNyD;awmh a&mufvm
ygw,f/ uGsefawmfrh o
d m;pkeYJ bke;f BuD; ausmif;rSm 0gqko
d uFe;f uyfaevdyYk g/
a&mufatmifvdkY aemufusvnf; rDoavmufoGm;r,fvdkY a&mufvm
wmyg/ xdkifvdkYcPSdao;w,f/ armwmrajyao;bl;/ arG;aeYSif&JUqE
cspfcifpGmeJYarG;aeYEIwfqufpum;av; ajymyghr,f/ ukdjrwfcdkifukd nDu
av;wpfa,mufvdk cifygw,f/ olvnf; uGsefawmfhukdtJonfvdk cspfcif
r,fvdkY ,HkMunfygw,f/ tJonfawmh olUarG;aeYrSm tckvdk wufa&muf
pum;ajymcGifh&wmvnf; 0rf;omaMumif; ajymvdkygw,f/ 0ifvmawmh
pmav;awGUygw,f/ ao&ifNyD;NyD/ NyD;a&m NyD;&JUvm;? rNyD;a&mrNyD;bl;vm;
U U U uGsefawmf odyfraocsmygbl;/ odkYaomf ao&ifNyD;NyDqdk&ifawmh
rif;raoygeJYMumMumaeygOD;vdkY ajymvdkY&ygw,f/ aemufwpfcg aoNyD;
awmhvnf; emrnfaumif; usefygapvdkY ajymMum;csifygw,f/ apmapmu
ukd0if;Nidrf;ajymoGm;wJhpum;awGxJrSm ukdjrwfcdkif[my&d[wvkyfief; awG
ukd vkyfw,f/ uGsefawmfvnf; awGUaewmygyJ/ pma&;q&mwpfa,muf
rusef;rmjzpf&if olt&ifqHk;tpGrf;ukef jyKpkukowm0ef,laqmifGuf
ulnDavhSdygw,f/ oleJY&if;onfjzpfap? r&if;onfjzpfap olodvdkYu
awmh tNrJwrf;ulnDw,f/ olpdkufxkwfNyD; ulnD&wmawG/ 'gawG[m
olU&JUtifrwefaumif; jrwfwJhy&[dwpdwfxm;ygyJvdkY/ tJ'gawGu

tqukd uGsefawmfvufrcHEdkifwJhtaMumif;? uGsefawmf qefYusifjrif r,fh

taMumif; t"duxm;NyD;awmhwifjyoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ tJonft
h aMumif;
udkrajymcif uGsefawmftrSwfw&udpukd pajym&r,fqdk&if uGsefawmf
axmifuvGwfvmNyD;awmh vmawGUwJh aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[ awGxJrSm
OD;jrwfcdkifygygw,f/ wjcm;rD'D,mawGu vmwmawGvnf; Sdygw,f/
'g tvkyfoabmt& vmwmjzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf q&m OD;jrwfcdkifvmwJh
[mukd uGsefawmf aqGrsdK;wpfa,mufvmovdk? rdwfaqG wpfa,mufvm
ovdk uGsefawmfpdwfxJrSmcHpm;&ygw,f/ tJonfhudp twGufvnf; uGsef
awmfaus;Zl;wifygw,f/ aemufyiG yhf iG v
hf if;vif;ajym&&ifq&m OD;jrwfcikd ef YJ
ywfoufvdkY tm;vHk;cspfcifav;pm;MuwJh y&dowfawG q&mOD;jrwfcdkifukd
oabmusaxmufcHwJhvlawGSdovdk vlqdkwmemrnfBuD;vmwmeJYtrQ
q&mOD;jrwfcdkiftay:rSm wcsdKUrvdkvm;tyfawGajymwmSdygw,f/ tJ'geJY
ywfoufvdkY uGsefawmfbmajymcsifovJqdk&if t*FvdyfjyZmwfa&;q&m
tifrwefemrnfBuD;wJh jyZmwfa&;q&mBuD; Oscar Wilde u ajymxm;wm
Sdygw,f/ vlUavmurSm olrsm;awGoGm;ykyfavvGifhajymwmukd cH&wm
xuf ykdqdk;wmwpfckyJSd w,fwJh/ tJ'gu bmvJqdk&if taumif;vnf;
rajymcH&awmhbl;/ raumif;vnf; tajymrcH&awmhbl;/ b,folrS pdwf
r0ifpm;vdkY pum;xJawmifxnfhtajymrcH&awmhwm[m ykdqdk;w,fvdkY
ajymcsifygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh q&mOD;jrwfcdkifeJYywfoufvdkY aumif;wmyJ
ajymajym? raumif;wmyJajymajym uGsefawmf bmoGm;awGUovJqdk&if
aumif;wm ajymw,fqdkwmuawmh olUukdaxmufcHwJhvl? cspfcifwJhvlu
olvkyfwJhvkyf&yfudk pdwf0ifpm;w,f/ olUtay:rSm rvdkvm;wJhol? olUukd
rvkdvm;wJhol wpfckckoGm;ykyfavvGifhajymcsifwJhvlu OD;jrwfcdkif&JUvkyf
&yfukd a0zefvmNyD? OD;jrwfcdkif&JU&yfwnfcsufukd qefYusifvmNyDqdk&ifawmh
tJ'guk,
d q
hf rD mS olrsm;awGvspfvsLIvYkd r&Edik af wmhwhJ t&nftcsif;wpfc?k
atmifjrifrIwpfckawGUvmvdkYom olwdkYu rIpdrfhwJhpdwfxm;eJY ajymvmwm
yJvdkY uGsefawmf,lqygw,f/
tJ o nf a wmh uG s ef a wmf a jymoif h a jymxd k u f w J h ud p a jymNyD ; wJ h
aemufykdif;rSm uGsefawmfapmapmuajymcJhwJh q&mOD;jrwfcdkif&JUtqdktrdefY
t,ltqwpfckukd uGsefawmfqefYusifygw,f/ tJonfhqefYusifw,f
qdw
k m bmukq
d efu
Y sifwmvJq&kd if q&mOD;jrwfcikd af &;wJzh w
d pf mxJrmS vnf;
bmygovJqdkawmh r&PmEkwdeJYywfoufwJh aojcif;w&m;/ 'Dvdk
aojcif;w&m;udk azmfjyw,fqdkwm arG;aeYzdwfpmxJrSm 'g tifrwef
xl;qef;wJhudpyg/ 'g[m uGsefawmf w&m;oabmeJYMunfhr,fqdk&ifawmh
om"kac:p&mygyJ/ 'gayr,fh wpfbufu jyefMunfhr,fqdk&if raocif
ajymp&mSdwm ajymw,fvdkYqdkayr,fh q&mOD;jrwfcdkiftaeeJYu raocif
rSm vkyfp&mawGtrsm;BuD;Sdygao;w,f/ jyp&mawG trsm;BuD;Sdygw,f/
ajymp&mawG trsm;BuD;Sdygao;w,f/ tJonfawmh uGsefawmf q&m
OD;jrwfcdkifukd awmif;yefcsifwmu raoygeJYOD;/ aemufwpfcku q&m

ukjd rwfcikd &f UJ aumif;owif; usefcrhJ mS awGyg/ aemufwpfcu

k jrwfcikd v
f jYkd zpf
atmifvkyf&wm rvG,fygbl;/ vlwpfa,mufu ukd,fhukd,fukd brand
wpfckjzpfatmifvkyf&wm rvG,fygbl;/ jrwfcdkifqdkwm olykdif brand
wpfcyk gyJ/ tJonf[
h meJw
Y if vlawGu olUuko
d yd gw,f/ pdw0f ifpm;ygw,f/
tJonfawmh ukd,fykdif brand rSdwJhvlawGu tuswHqdyfu brand
ukd olrsm;txifBuD;atmif Sm0,f&? abmyif brand Sm0,f&? em&D
brand ukd vdkufae&w,f/ vlwpfa,mufu ukd,fhb0rSm ukd,fwdkifBudK;
pm;rIeJY ckdifrmwJh&yfwnfcsuf wpfckukd&&if tJ'g[m brand yJ/ tJonfh
brand ukdjrwfcdkif&JU qHSnfSnfeJYzdkoDzwfoDu vlawGtjrifrSm ESpfouf
p&mawmifjzpfvmw,f/ 'gaMumifh rdkYvkdY ukd,fykdif&yfwnfcsufukd atmif
jrifatmif wnfaqmufEdkifwJh brand SdwJhukdjrwfcdkifarG;aeYrSm *kPfjyKyg
w,fv/Ykd qufvufNyD; awmhvnf; trsm;tusdK;o,fy;dk Guaf qmifjcif;jzifh
vlaoaomfvnf; rNyD;bJeJYemrnfaumif;usefygap/ oHo&mqdkwmSdw,f
qdk&ifvnf; oHo&mrSm*kPfjyKwJhaumif;usdK;awG rvdkcsifonfjzpfap?rvdk
csifonfjzpfap&rSmygyJ/ &ygapvdkY qEjyKqkawmif;&if; ed*Hk;csKyfygw,f/
at;ae0if ;
usef;rmTifvef;MuygapvdkY EIwfcGef;qufygw,f/ uGsefawmf tck
'DukdwufNyD;awmh pum;ajymwJhtcsdefrSm t"du uGsefawmfajymcsifwJh
tcsufuawmh arG;aeYSifjzpfwJh q&mOD;jrwfcdkif&JUtqdktrdefYwpfck? t,l

OD;jrwfcdkifyHkawG "mwfyHkawG wufvmwJhtcgrSm ausmzHk;rSm a&;xm;wJh

tcsufwpfcsuf/ ao&ifNyD;NyDqdkwJh pum;/ tJonfhpum;ukd awmh
uGsefawmfvHk;0vufrcHEdkifygbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvuf rcHEdkifovJqdkawmh 'Dp
um;ukdajymwJhvlu wjcm;r[kwfygbl;/ q&mOD;jrwfcdkifukd ckeuAdkvf
csKyfBuD; cifGefY ajymcJhwJhuGsefawmfwdkY jrefrmEdkifiHpme,fZif; avmu&JU
rD;SL;wefaqmifyk*dKvfrsdK;u ajymwmjzpfwJhtwGuf ao&ifNyD;NyD qdkwmudk
uGsefawmfvufrcHEdkifygbl;/ uGsefawmfvufrcHEdkifbl;qdkwm vnf;
uGsefawmf oufaotaxmuftxm;eJYajymwmyg/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdk awmh
uGsefawmfwjYkd refrmEdik if pH me,fZif;avmurSm jyefMunfrh ,fq&kd if aTOa'gif;
aovdrYk NyD;oGm;ygbl;/ Z0e aovdNYk yD;roGm;ygbl;/ *sme,fausmf OD;cspfarmif
aovdkYNyD;roGm;ygbl;/ xdkenf;wlpGmyJ q&mOD;jrwfcdkifvnf; ao&ifNyD;
r,fhvl r[kwfygbl;/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
a':od*@oD&dpH
tm;vHk;yJ r*FvmygSif/ ,aeYaSUrSmvnf; qkrGefaumif;awG awmif;
oGm;NyDqdkawmh r*Duvnf; tSnfBuD;qkrGefaumif;awmif;ay; csifyg
w,f/ q&m toufSnfusef;rmygap/ aus;Zl;wifygw,fSif/

15

avmifcsmESifh ypfcwfrIaMumifh
ao'Pfay;cHcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/
2014 Mo*k w f 3
wD c s,f B uD ; ruf a qh c sf y k d Y
NrdKUawmf0efEiS hf Mo*kwf 5 &ufaeY
awGU&ef q&morm;rsm;ukd quf
oG,ftoday;&onf/ aus;Zl;yg
wDcs,fBuD; cifAsm/ 'DaeY pifum
yl r S uk d o uf w if a rG ; aeY v nf ;
jzpfonf/ olESifh ukd,fawGu
wpf&ufBuD; wpf&ufi,f tef
wD , k ( Rich Gem) zk e f ; quf
onf/ q&m[musLvD(uom)
ESifhtzGJUkH;odkY vmMuonf/ yef;
oD;vnf;ygonf/ olvnf; t

2014 Mo*k w f 6
om;aZm,smvm uefawmhonf uefawmhNyD; qkay;cdkif;ao;onf?
qkawmhray;csifawmh jyemrjzpfygapeJY trIrjzpfygapeJY[kom Budwf
qkawmif;ae&onf/

rINyD;oGm; pdwfayghyg;aeykH&onf/
2014 Mo*k w f 4
awmf0ifO;D uku
d akd xG;tm; OD;0dpm&
vrf;rS kH;csKyfwGif oGm; a&mufawGUqkH
naebufuef awmfBuD;yJavhpfrS a'gufwm Sacgif(ef) eef;arG;aeYyGJodkY
a&mufonf/ reufbuf kyf&Sifjrifhwifa&;rSm tu,f'rDtpnf;ta0;

2014 Mo*k w f 6
q&majrrIefvGifxHrS pmtkyfvufaqmifrsm;& aus;Zl;wif&onf/
raeYu Redlink vpOfaMu; US.155 jrefrmaiGESifh aqmifxm;onf/
'DaeY ESpfpOfaMu;wJh kH;rSmtifwmeufvkdif;jzKwfxm; tvkyfudprwGif
us,f udkf,fawGcsnf;yJ tdwfpkdufvkyfae&onfhu odyfNyD; rqef;Mu,f
awmh kH;um;vnf; bkH;bkH;vJoGm;wmMumayghAsKdU .../
2014 Mo*k w f 7
FB ay:rSmawmh 8888 (26)ESpfjynfhvIHUaqmfrIawG yvlysHaeonf/
vGefcJhonf 26 ESpfukd jyefa&mufoGm;ovkdygyJ/ oli,fcsif;wifOD;aomif;
ema&;vkdufrykdYEkdif? oGm;ESifhtkef;awmh oli,fcsif;a&? zkd;cspfyGJvufrSwf
3 aqmifvmykdYoGm;onf/ q&marmif,OfatmifjyZmwfawG Munfhcsif
aomfvnf; uHurvdkuf/
2014 Mo*k w f 8 &uf 8888 (26)ES p f j ynf h
wkdufwkdufqkdifqkdif 47 Budrfajrmuf tmqD,HEkdfifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;rsm;
ESifh qufpyfonfh tpnf;ta0;rsm;zGifhyGJ aejynfawmfusif;y 8888
(26)ESpfjynfhtcrf;tem; ae&mtESHY
usif;y MuwmawGU&onf/ yk'fr
18 toHawmh rMum;&ao;/ vGecf hJ
onfh 26 ESpfu uHaumif;vkdY
raocJh& wJh jzpf&yfawG trSwf&
p&m a&T*w
Hk idk b
f Pf&yd o
f mrS vli,f
rsm;udkpkNyD;? vIyf&Sm;cJh&wmawG? pm
apmif xkwcf &hJ wmawG &ifwek pf &m?
tJonfhwkef;u cifAsm;wkYd tm;vkH;
zrf;cdkif;xm;NyD; tm;vkH;axmif 3
ESpf[kajymoGm;aompmaypd ppfa&;
rS ukdat;ausmfBuD;ukdvnf; vGrf;&
ao;onf/ rSwfrSwf&& ukdifZm qD
Zm wdkYzcif jrefrmhtvif;OD;pdef0if;psmyeBuHawmrSm vkdufydkYNyD;tjyef
aq;kBH uD;rSm ypfwm&yfMunfrh cd w
hJ mawG jrifa,mifvmonf/ ppf om;awG
*syefaq;kHay:rS ajy;qif;vm ukdrsdK;jrifhndrf;*spfum;ay: ukdat;jrifhESifh
tajy;tvTm;xGufajy;cJh&wmawGukdvnf; rarhEdkif/ q&mBuD;OD;ae0if;
ESifhawGU/

aZ,smvif;ajymwJh uAsmrSm topfqdkwm bm

2014 Mo*k w f 7
om;BuD;aZ,smjrwfckdif 35 ESpfjynfharG;aeYjzpfonf/
]usaemh f o m;BuD ; 35 tem;tzsm;uif ; ygap ...}
jrwfcdkif
rkd;oD;ZGefESifh tGefvdkif;ay:rSmqkHjzpfonf/ olUpmrlwpfyk'f vQyfwpf
jyufokdY vSrf;ykdYonf/ xuf&mZmuvnf; vSrf;ajymonf/ rkd;oD;ZGef
taMumif;pOf;pm;&if; uG,fvGefoGm;onfh nDi,frif;[ef(zkd;csKd)ukd owd&
rdonf/ 1988 ESpfrSm rdk;oD;ZGefESifhtwl csDwufcJhMuonfh nDi,frif;[ef
ukd jrifa,mifvmonf/ ao'Pfay;cHcJh&NyD; axmifxJrS raocJh&ygyJ?
tjyifa&mufrS axmif'PfydNyD; aoqkH;oGm;&ol ,rkemOD;bkd;[ef\ om;
BuD;jzpfonf/ olawmrcdkcifu vmEIwfqufoGm;onf/ oljyefa&mufvm
NyD;onfhaemuf vmawGUoGm;onf/ onfhaemuf a&ul;toHvTifhkHukd

16

&Sd oGm;&onf/ nbuforw kyf&SifkHrSmarmf'ef&mZ0ifkyf&Sif oGm;

Munfh? q&mae&JrmefESifhq&mukd odef;qdkifwkdY kHrSmapmifhNyD; {nfhcH aeMu
tm;em&onf/ kyf&SifukdkHrSm rMunhfjzpfwmMumygyaum/
2014 Mo*k w f 5
um;oufwrf;oGm;wk;d ae& &efuek Nf rdKUawmf0efBuD;ESihf awGUrnfu
h pd ?
q&mOD;0if;Nidrf;udk 0ifBudKay;zkdY tultnDawmif;&onf/ toif; 3
oif;vlpkHawGUcGifh&jcif;jzpfonf/ NrdKUawmf0efBuD;xHrS toifBuD; 3 oif;
twGuf owif;aumif;Mum;&rnfxifonf/ q&mv,fwGif;om;apmcspf
zkef;qufonf/ 0rf;omp&myg q&m/

&ef u k e f Mo*k w f 8
rS BuD;rSL;usif;yaom acwfNydKifuAsmaqG;aEG;yGJudk
2014 ckESpf Mo*kwf (8)&ufaeYwGif &efukefNrdKU? ykZGefawmifNrdKUe,f?
txufykZGefawmifvrf;&Sd Pen Myanmar Hk;cef; usif;ycJh&m q&m
aZ,smvif;u ]]uAsmrSm topfqdkwm bm}}acgif;pOfjzifh OD;aqmifaqG;
aEG;cJhonf/ q&maZ,smvif;u ]uAsma&;zGJUyHk yHkpH(3)rsKd;&SdaMumif;? (1)
Innovative qef;opfwDxGifjcif;? &Sd&if;pGJyHkoPmefrsm;xJrS aumufEkwf
a&G;cs,fNyD; qef;opfatmif jyKjyifoHk;jcif;? (2) Experimental prf;oyf
wDxGifjcif;? roHk;bl;aom r&Sdbl;aom enf;rsm;udk wDxGifprf;oyfNyD;
uAsmjyKvkyfjcif;? (3) Avant garde &Sd&if;pGJuAsmqdkif&m t,ltqtawG;
tjrif? cH,lcsuf? a&;om;? zwfIrItm;vHk;udk vHk;0awmfvSefqef;opf
ao ta&;tom;rsKd;jzpfaMumif;} &Sif;vif;ajymcJhonf/
]]b,fvdktaMumif;t&mawGeJY yHkpHtopfawG a&G;cs,fNyD; uAsm
topfawGudk a&G;cs,fygap cdkifrmwJh wnfaqmufrIyHkpHawmh &Sd&ygr,f/
a0zefjcif;udk cHvm&wJhtcgrSm rdrda&;xm;wJh uAsm[m b,fvdkyHkpHrsKd;
udk udk,fpm;jyKw,f? &nfTef;w,f? twkcdk;w,fqdkwmudk tcdkiftrm
jy&rSm jzpfwmaMumifh t"du dk;om;zdkY vdktyfygw,f/
uAsmtopfa&;awmhr,fqdk&if &SdNyD;om;yHkpHawGudk MunfhNyD; a&;zGJU
wmeJY topfzefwD;NyD;a&;zGJUwmu uGmjcm;csuf&Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh t&if
yHkpHawgudk twk,lNyD; a&;wJh uAsmq&mawGu ydkNyD;atmifjrifygw,f/
trsm;jynfolawGu pdwf0ifpm;aewJh taMumif;t&mawGudk tcsdefESifh
wpfajy;nD a&;om;EkdifwJhuAsmq&mawG ydkNyD;atmifjrifygw,f/
wcsKdUawGu tEkynmrmeawGxm;NyD; trsm;jynfolawG em;rvnf
EkdifwJh uAsmawG a&;Muw,f/ 'gawGu roifhawmfygbl;/ vuf&Sd
jrefrmEkdifiH&JUtaetxm;ESifh ajym&&if uAsmqdkwm tEkynmbmom&yf
wpfckyg/ avhvmoif,lzdkY vdktyfovdk wwfodem;vnfolawGu oif
Mum;ydkYcsrIawGvnf; trsm;BuD;vdktyfygw,f}}[k oHk;oyfaqG;aEG;cJhonf/
pkd;pHxdkuf
Pen Myanmar

,cif t ywf r S t quf

ukd,fu EdkifiHa&; background SdwJhtwGuf EdkifiHa&;eJYywfouf

wJ h o D c sif ; awG a &;zd k Y rS d b l ; vm;/
a&;&ifvnf; a&;rda&;&m t&rf;a&;rd&ifvnf; raumif;bl;/
a&;vdkuf&ifawmh &wmaygh udkjrwfcdkif&,f U U U / ukd,fawGusawmhvnf;
bmoma&;buf u vnf ; U U U taruvnf ; bmoma&;t&rf ;
tm;oefwJholaygh/ bmoma&;bufvnf; ukd,fu awmfawmfav;a&muf
oGm;awmh vlwpfa,muf olU&JUcH,lcsufav;eJY ukd,foGm;wmyJ/ ukd,fvl
wpfa,mufjzpfcGifh&w,f/ jzpfcGifh&wJhtcsdefrSm tcsdefwefaysmufoGm;Mu
rSmyJav/ tJonfhrSm udk,feJYawGUBuHKvmr,fh vlwcsdKUtwGufvnf;
aumif;? vltrsm;twGufaomfvnf;aumif; ukd,fu aumif;wmav;yJ
b,fvdkay;qyf&rvJ/ b,fvdkaqmifGufoGm;&r,fqdkwJhpdwfeJYyJ udk,fu
aexdkifoGm;csifw,f/ olrsm;aumif;wm? raumif;wm rajymcsifbl;/
ukd,fhordkif;ukd,f a&;MurSmyJ/ ukd,fordkif;aumif;a&;vnf; vlwkdif;udk
aumif;apcsifygw,f/ vlwdkif;u olrsm;raumif;
wmxuf uk d , f h u k d , f u k d aumif ; atmif
pdwf"mwfuav;ayghaemf/ tawG;tac:av;aygh/
vl w k d i f ; aumif ; &if acwf a umif ; oG m ;rS m yJ /
acwfaumif;oGm;&if EkdifiHBuD;aumif; oGm;rSmyJ/
acwf u vl v k y f w m/ raumif ; wJ h p d w f a wG e J Y
raumif;wJv
h l awGrsm;ae&ifawmh acwfq;kd BuD;yJ
jzpfaerSmyJ/
bmaMumifh OD;aeu life style ajymif;oGm;
wmvJ / bmvd k Y bmoma&;buf changed
jzpf o G m ;wmvJ /
i,fi,fuwnf;ubmoma&;ukd Syd gw,f/
rd b awG u vnf ; i,f i ,f u wnf ; u tar
vnf;ajymygw,f/ om;orD;awGukd pdeaf T&wem
tarGawGxuf teaEmteEig;yg;qdkNyD; olwdkYay;cJhr,fqdkNyD; U U U /
i,fi,fuwnf;udu
k bmoma&;ukd Scd yhJ gw,f/ 'gaMumifv
h nf; vlwidk ;f eJY
vnf; rnfoleJYrqdk aygif;vdkY&ygw,f/ tckuawmh toufuav;vnf;
&vmwm&,f? aemufNyD;awmh U U U /
(55) u i,f y gao;w,f /
ukd,fvnf; jrifvmwmaygh U U U avmuBuD;rSm/ cEmqdkvnf;
w&m;ausmif;a&mufrSr[kwfbl; ukdjrwfcdkif/ cEmqdkvnf; cPiSm;vmwJh
cEmvdkYyJ ukd,fodvmw,fav/ 'g ukd,fvnf;ykdifwm r[kwfbl;/ olu
udk,fb,favmufpGJNyD; aecsifaecsif tcsdefaph&if? iSm;wJhoufwrf;aph&if
ukd,fu vTwfay;&rSmyJ/ tJonfawmh ukd,fh&JUaexdkifrIuawmh udk,fh&JU
arG;zGm;vmwJhrdbESpfyg; arG;&usdK;eyf&r,f/ iSm;vmwJhcEm iSm;&usdK;eyf
r,fqdk&if ukd,fwwfEdkiforQaygh/ tazhpdwf"mwfav;awG? tazajymcJhwJh
pum;av;awGu udk,fhtxJrSm tNrJSdaew,fav/ tJonfawmh t"du
uawmh olrsm;aumif;wm raumif;wm ud,
k ef rYJ qdik b
f ;l / uk,
d af umif;Edik f
orQawmh ukd,fvkyfaqmifoGm;r,f/ ukd,fhordkif;ukd,fa&;MuzdkYyg/
tazh q D u bmawG & cJ h o vJ /
tJonfvdkav;awGyg/ oluawmh oGefoifrIav;awGaygh/ vlqdkwm
oabmw&m;u aorsdK;yJ/ wpfaeYrSmawmh tm;vHk;[m aoMu&r,f/
'gayr,f h emrnf a wmh raoapeJ Y w J h / emrnf a ojcif ; [m b0u
tBud r f B ud r f a ow,f / aemuf w pf c g trsm;BuD ; yg/ ol U &J U aexd k i f r I ?
olvkyfaqmifoGm;wmawGu olUtwGuf wpfcgrSpOf;pm;oG;w,fqdkwm
rawGUzl;vdkufbl;/ tJ'gav;awG&,f/ aemufwpfck ajym&r,fqdk&ifawmh
olUqDu olay;cJhwJhtarGu BuD;vmwmeJYtrQ rukefEdkifwJhtarGwpfckukd
olay;oGm;w,f/ bmvJqdkawmh emrnfaumif;av;yg/ emrnfaumif;
av;usawmh ukdjrwfcdkif&,f U U U b,foGm;oGm;aygh/ &yfuGufxJyJ oGm;
oGm; U U U olU&JUrsdK;qufvdkYodvdkuf&if vlawGeJYae&may;jcif;aygh/ olu
ukd,fhukd bmrSpdefaT&wemay;oGm;wm r[kwfbl;/
tck rd o m;pk x J r S m armif E S r awG u vk y f a eMuw,f a ygh a emf /
ol w d k Y u k d a um b,f v d k support vk y f a y;vJ /
ukd,fuawmh bmrSrvkyfay;ygbl;/ olwdkYwpfckck bmnmajymMu&if
awmh tBuHaumif;Pfaumif;awGaygh/ b,fvdkav;wpfckck olwdkYajym
oHav;qdo
k aH v; Mum;&ifawmhvnf; ud,
k v
f nf;wwfEikd o
f rQ uk,
d t
hf BuH
av;/ ukd,fomqdk&ifawmh b,fvdkpdwf U U U 'DvdkrsdK;avmufyJ ukd,fyg
0ifygw,f/
tck w csd K Uqd k & if oD c sif ; yH k p H a wG u tp aerI x k d i f r I u tp
ajymif ; vJ o G m ;Muw,f / Ed k i f i H a &;buf u d k aZmif ; ay;oG m ;Muw,f /
tJ ' D v d k a um vk y f o G m ;zd k Y S d o vm;/
Sdygw,f/ ukd,fuawmh EdkifiHom;wpfa,muftaeeJY b,fIaxmifh
urS ukd,fu b,folUom;orD;rdkY b,fae&mqdkwm ukd,fhrSmrSdygbl;/
udk,fu pifay:rSmxuf ukdjrwfcdkif&,f U U U pifay:ukd b,folUukdwifay;
oifhw,fqdkwJh[mrsdK;ukd qGJwifcsifwJhae&mu@yJaecsifw,f/
OD ; aeqd k & if tEk y nmS i f t awmf r sm;rsm;u av;av;pm;pm;eJ Y
bmaMumifhcspfMuvJ/
tJ'gawmh OD;aexifwmawmh ukjd rwfcidk f U U U vlwikd ;f ukd vluv
dk al ygh/
wpfb0rSmSdwJhvlwdkif;tay:rSm av;pm;rIeJYyJ qufqHcsifw,f/ bmvdk
tyfovJaygh/ ukd,fu ay;csifwmyJSdwmukd;/ vlwkdif;[m jynfhpHkw,fqdk
wm rSyd gbl;/ aiGaMu;tm;jzifh jynfph w
kH v
hJ v
l nf;pdwt
f m;jzifh tm;enf;ae
wmawGSdygw,f/ 'g OD;aeuawmh ukd,fEdkiforQaygh/ olwdkYukdvnf;
emrnf B uD ; rS ? emrnf r S d r S q d k w mrsd K ;eJ Y v nf ; rquf q H y gbl ; / tJ ' g
arwma&mifjyef[yfw,fvdkYyJ xifygw,f/
tck 'D twdwf&JUaMu;rHkjyifeJYywfoufvdkY b,favmufarQmfvifh

xm;ovJ / y&d o wf x J b,f a vmuf a &muf r ,f v d k Y /

arQmfvifhcsufuawmh bmrSrxm;ygbl;/ 'g trSefukdajymwmyg/
ukdjrwfcdkif ckeuar;ovdkaygh/ tckjzpfaewJhacwfa&pD;aMumif;eJYqdk&if
OD;aewdYk tckcsrSwv
f u
kd w
f [
hJ mawGuawmh trsm;BuD;vnf; uGmaewmaygh
aemf/ uGmaeawmh ud,
k u
f awmh uk,
d rhf &l if;yHpk t
H wdik ;f av;yJ uk,
d w
f wfEikd f
orQ aumif;r,fxifoavmuf BudK;pm;NyD;awmh ay;vdkufwJhoabmygyJ/
aumif;onfjzpfap? qdk;onfjzpfap b,fvdkjzpfjzpf ukd,fuawmh aus
auseyfeyf cH,loGm;rSmyJ/ apwemyJayghaemf/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh
arQmfvifhwdkif;vnf; jzpfcsifrSjzpfrSm/
'D t ay:rS m y&d o wf u b,f v d k response awG v mr,f v d k Y
xif o vJ / 'D [ m&J U audience u b,f v d k class rsd K ;oG m ;Ed k i f v J /
ukd,fuawmh pdwfxJrSmayghaemf/ 'DtacGBuD;vnf; atmifjrifzdkY U U
U vlwdkif;uawmh BudK;pm;rIwdkif;rSm ukdjrwfcdkif&,f trSefukd0efcH&if

BudK;pm;rIwdkif;rSm atmifjrifrIukd vkdcsifMuwmyJ/ 'gayr,fh 'gBuD;udk

arQmfaejcif;vnf; r&vm&if yifyef;rIqdkwmyJjzpfr,f/ tJonfawmh
bmrSrarQmfvifhbl;/ ukd,fuawmh ay;oGm;rSmyJ/ 'DtxJrSm bmav;yJjzpf
jzpfayghav U U U tqdkwpfa,mufa,mufu OD;aea&;ay;wJhoDcsif;av;
avmufeJY emrnfav;wpfckaygh/ wpfckckjzpfoGm;&ifvnf; 'DtacG&JUatmif
jrifjcif;wpfckvdkYyJ ukd,fuawmh cHpm;aerSmyJ/
tck 'DtacGukd MunfhwJhtcgrSm pyGefqmawG trsm;BuD;awGU&w,f/
[kwfygw,f/
rdef;pyGefqm? ukdpyGefqmawGa&m trsm;BuD;awGU&w,f/ olwdkYu
'D t acG t ay: b,f v d k , H k M unf r I e J Y pyG e f q may;wmvJ /
olwu
Ykd awmh wcsdKUvnf; uk,
d af wGocD sif;ukd em;axmifcsifMuw,f/
wcsdKUusawmhvnf; OD;aeeJY aepnfAaqGqdkwm rodMuygbl;/ yGifhyGifhvif;
vif;ajym&&if ukd,fYaexdkifrIu awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u OD;aeqdkwmrsdK;yJ
&if;ESD;Muygw,f/ ukd,fuvnf;tJonfh life av;ukdykdBudKufygw,f/ bm
jzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh taztSdeft0gawG bmawGrygbl;aygh/ ukd,fb,f
olrSef;? b,f0grSef;rodbJ OD;aeqdkwmukdyJ cspfcsifwmrsdK;awG/ ukd,fu
vnf; omrefvlwpfa,muftaeeJYyJ tJonfvdkyg/ wcsdKUusawmhvnf;
tckrS 'DvdkoDcsif;awGa&;NyD;xGufvmawmh ajymMuwmaygh/ tJonfawmh
wcsdKUusawmhvnf; aZmfykdifwkdYbmwdkYusawmhvnf; OD;aeoDcsif;udk BudKuf
ygw,f/ aw;a&;aepnfAaqGqdkwm odxm;wJholaygh/ wcsdKUvnf; ,Hk
MunfNyD; ukd,fhoDcsif;pmom;BudKufvdkY vmqdkovdkwcsdKUusawmhvnf;
OD;aeac:&if rjiif;bl;qdkwJhcspfp&maumif;ygw,f/ ukd,fhukdcspfcifrIav;
awGeJYajy;vmMuw,f/ bmrSvnf;aiGa&;aMu;a&; b,favmuf&rSmqdk
wmvnf;rygygbl;/ ukd,fu aeraumif;wm&,f? wcsdKUtykdif;awGqdk&if
OumeJYyJ vkyf&ygw,f/ olwdkY bmrSjiif;csufrxkwfygbl;/ R ZmenfwdkYu
tp emrnfBuD;qdkayr,fh ukd,fuawmh 'gav;awmh wpfa,mufudk
qdkapcsifw,f/ olwdkYb,favmuf&rS b,favmufqdkay;r,fqdkwm
vnf; rvmbl;/ tukefvHk;u ajy;NyD; vmqdkay;Muygw,f/
tJ o nf a wmh aepnf A aqG t aeeJ Y pif a y:jyef w uf z d k Y tpD t pOf
rS d b l ; vm;/
rSdygbl; U U U tJ'guawmh/ t&ifuvnf; pdwfuvnf; t&rf;
aMumufcJhawmh tckawmifrSvkyfaew,f/ OumtrSwfw&av;qdkNyD;awmh
ygoifhw,fqdkNyD;awmh/ tJ'gawmifrS live show &&if b,fvdkvkyf&if
aumif;rvJ pOf;pm;aewm/ q&m&,f U U U ukd,fu pdwfuawmh i,fi,f
uwnf; aMumufw,f/
od k Y a omf y&d o wf a S U uk d xG u f & yf j yzd k Y rvd k b l ; vm;/
q&majymovdkayghav U U U odyfvdktyfvm&ifawmhvnf; tck
awmifrS 'Dvrkd sdK;awG tufzt
f rfwb
Ykd mwdrYk mS tifwmAsL;wdb
Yk mwdYk qdw
k mu
awmh raeYuyJ ajymawmhajymcJhygw,f/ pdwfayghaemf/ pdwf"mwfwpfckeJY
twwfEdkifqHk;xGufvmNyDaygh/ wpfoufvHk; ukd,fxGufzdkYvnf; pdwfrul;
bl;/ 'Dpdwfuav;u ckeuajymovdk 'gav;ukd tajcjyKNyD; wpfckckav;

aygh/ y&dowfBuD; BudKufwmrBudKufwmxuf em;axmifjzpfoGm;&ifvnf;

auseyfw,fqdkwJhtaeeJY ukd,fuxGufvmwmyg/ rvTJraSmifomwJhtcg
usawmhvnf; xGuf&wmayghav/
rjzLoDqdk&ifvnf; rxGufbJaecJhwmav/
rSefygw,f/
tcsd e f w ef a wmh v nf ; ol x G u f v mcJ h & wmyJ / tJ o nf v d k r sd K ;yJ
aepnfAaqG? aepnfAaqGvdkY ajymvmwJhtcgrsdK;rSm rxGufbJeJYawmh
r&bl;xifw,f/
[k w f y gw,f / tJ o nf h t cgusawmh v nf ; tajctaeaygh a v/
tm;uawmh arG;&rSmaygh/
tazajymcJ h w J h trS w f w &av;S d & if a jymjyay;ygOD ; /
aemufwpfcku tazuajymygw,f/ b,ft&mrqdk wpfckckukd
vkyfcsifNyDqdk&if tBudrfBudrfukd,fh[mukd,fpOf;pm;/ aumif;\qdk;\aygh/
aemufNyD;awmh tazav;av;eufeufajymoGm;wmu ukd,fwpfa,muf
wnf; aumif;NyD;awmholrsm;udk xdcdkufwmrsdK;qdk&if rvkyfoifhbl;aygh/
wu,fvdkYwpfckckukd rSefw,f? aumif;w,fxifvdkYvkyfawmhr,fqdk&if
,HkMunfpGmyJ qHk;cef;wdkifatmif avQmufoGm;wmyJ/ vrf;v,facgifusrS
aSUoGm;&rvm;? aemufjyefqkwf&rvm;qdkNyD; &yfaejcif;uawmh tvGefrS
udk Sufp&maumif;wJhvlzsif;vlnHhwpfa,mufvdkY tazajymcJhygw,f/
tazeJYywfoufvdkY trSwfw& bmvkyfzdkYSdvJ/
tazhtwGuftrSwfw&qdkwmuawmh 'DtacGav;jzpf&jcif; t
aMumif;&if;xJrSm oHk;acGajrmufayghh/ [maewJhuGufvyfu tazhtwGuf
a&;xm;wmyg/ [maewJh uGufvyfqdkwm jrefrmjynfrSm jyefa&mufvm
awmh 'DaSUupdwfopftdyfrufuawmh *syefuae tarhukd arG;aeYtrSwf
w&aygh/ olUukd ta0;uae rdcif&JUarwmukd wifpm;xm;NyD;awmh tarrS
r[kwfbl;/ wpfurmvHk;rSmSdaewJh rdcifawGtwGufukd a&;om;xm;wm/
tJ'gav;u tarharG;aeYrSm pmGufuav;eJYykdYwmxufpm&if toHav;
eJYyg olem;axmif&ygapqdkNyD; [dkrSmyJtyifyef;cHNyD;awmh xkwfjzpfoGm;wJh
rSwfwdkifav;wpfckaygh ukdjrwfcdkif/ pwkwuawmh ukd,fhrSmawmh tJonf
rsdK;awGeJY 'DtacGav;awGxkwfjzpfoGm;wm/ wwd,ajrmuf [maewJh
uGufvyfuawmh tazhtwGufyg/ ArmjynfrSm (99) avmuf jyefa&muf
awmh (2000) avmufrSm tazhtwGufayghaemf U U U [dkrSmuwnf;u
a&;cJhygw,f/ rSdawmhwJhtazhukd t&rf;ukdvGrf;qGwfw,fav/ tJonf
awmh bmyJjzpfjzpfqdkNyD;awmh ckeuvdkyJ tarhvdkyJ pmGufxJrSm a&;xm;
wmxufpm&if oHpOfav;eJY toHav;wpfckeJY olUukdwifpm;NyD;awmh
todtrSwfayghav U U U uefawmhwJhoabmav;ygyJ/ tJ'geJYyJ title
utp [maewJhuGufvyfqdkNyD;awmh rSwfwdkifav;wpfck xyfvkyfjzpf
wmyg/ &nfG,fcsufuav;awGeJY vkyfwmyg/
aus;Zl ; wif y gw,f / /

The Map of Bagan (MOB-16)

tcrJh pwifjzefcY sd

jrefrmEkdifiH\ c&D;oGm;vkyfief;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf [kdw,fESihf

c&D;oGm;0efBuD;Xme\ vrf;nGefrIjzihf (1995)ckESpfrSp Guide Map trsKd;
rsKd;wku
Yd akd pmifa&ESpo
f ed ;f av;aomif;txdppD OfyEHk rdS Ef idk cf NhJ yD; ,ck The Map
of Bagan (MOB-16) udk tcrJhpwifjzefYcsdaeNyDjzpfaMumif;od&onf/
tqkdygajrykHonf jrefrmEkdifiHokdY vma&mufvnfywfonfh EdkifiHjcm;
om;{nfo
h nfrsm;\ vufpv
JG rf;nGeaf jrykw
H pfcv
k ykd if jzpfaeNyD; jynfwiG ;f &Sd
{nho
f nfrsm;yg if;vrf;nGeaf jrykrH sm;\ tultnDjzifh jrefrmEkid if \
H pdw0f if
pm;zG,0f ae&mrsm;udk tcsdeu
f ek o
f ufompGmjzifo
h mG ;a&mufEidk Nf yD jzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
if;ajrykw
H iG f a&S;a[mif;,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpaf ygrsm;&m e,fajrjzpf
aom yk*Hukd vma&mufvnfywfonhf EkdifiHjcm;om;{nfhonfrsm;twGuf
t"duxm; yk*H? anmifOD;? ykyg;ajrykHrsm;udk &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyxm;
onfhtjyif yk*HNrdKU\ wnf;cdk&mae&mrsm;? pm;aomuf qkdifrsm;? trSwf
w&vufrIypnf;ta&mif;qdkifrsm;? apwDyk xdk;rsm;ukd wnfae&mESihf
wpfuw
G u
d spGmazmfjyxm;onfrmS if;vrf;nGeaf jryk\
H xl;jcm;rIyifjzpfaMumif;
od&onf/
,if; ajrykHudk &efukefavqdyfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHokdY 0ifa&mufvmonfh
{nho
f nfwidk ;f ukd tcrJah 0iSay;vsuf&NdS yD; jynfyEkid if rH sm;odv
Yk nf; xda&muf
pGmjzefjY zL;ay;vsuf&o
dS nft
h jyif Ekid if w
H umwGiu
f sif;yvsuf&adS om Travel
d if w
H um&Sd jrefrmoH;Hk rsm;? jrefrmEkid if &H dS oH;Hk rsm;okYd pepfwus
Show rsm;? Eki
ay;ykdYjzefYcsday;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/
TTM

17

Edik if aH wmftpd;k &tzGEhJ iS Uf 0efBu;D Xmersm;rS

owif;rsm;ay;ydkhEkdifa&; email vdyfpmrsm;
rlyikd cf iG EUf iS hf rSwyf w
kH ifXmecGrJ S
owif;pm owif;*sme,fwdkufrsm; awmif;cH
jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme jyef
Mum;a&;ES i f h j ynf o l Y q uf q H a &;
OD;pD;Xme (rlydkifcGifhESifhrSwfyHkwif Xm
ecGJ)rS EkdifiHawmftpdk;&tzGJUESifh 0ef
BuD;Xmersm;rS owif;rsm;ay; ydEYk idk f
a&;twGufowif;pmowif; *sm
e,f r sm;xH r S email vd y f p mrsm;
awmif;cHvsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&
onf/
vdktyfovdk aeYpOftoHk;jyK
&ef aeYpOfjzefaY 0ay;rnf[k tqdyk g
taMumif;Mum;pmwGif azmfjyyg&Sdonf/

"mwf y k H - ZMN
YOH

q&mrsKd;omxufjzwfoef;cJhaom b0pmrsufESmrsm;
(okrYd [kw)f
taz&,f? tar&,f? uRefawmf
paeaeYa&mufNyDqkdvQif q&mrsKd;omxufonf DVB DEBATE
kduful; a&;&Sd&m ORCHID HOTEL okdYvm&if; uRefawmfxHvrf;BuKH0if
vmavh&Sdonf/ olvmvQif ola&;aom pmtkyfwpfftkyftNrJ,lvmay;
wwfonf/ onfwpfcgvnf; olUvufxJrSm pmtkyfwpftkyfygvmjyef
onf/ olukd,fwkdifa&;onfh taz&,f? tar&,f? uRefawmf&,f pmtkyf
jzpfonf/
OD;jrwfcidk rf a&;cif uRefawmft&ifa&;vku
d w
f m[kqu
dk m pmtkyv
f uf
aqmifay;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ q&mrsKd;omxuf tarhukd olESifhwGJvsuf
&efukefNrdKUxJrSmwpfBudrfawGUzl; onf/
reufcyf apmapmjzpfonf/ 'guRef
awmfh tarav[krdwfqufay;onf/
q&mrsKd;omxufEiS hf olUrdcifudk Munf
MunfEl;El;awGU&aomtcg uRefawmf
vnf; tarukdowd&onf/ tarhukd
uRefawmfb,frSrykdYay;EkdifcJhygvm;/
tarh t ay:wm0ef r auscJ h y guvm;
[k cHpm;&onf/ uRefawmfonfvnf;
q&mrsKd;omxufenf; wl Broken
Family rS aygufzGm;vmoljzpfonf/
uRefawmf 5 wef;ESpf? oBuFefwGif;
BuD;tazESifh taruGm&Sif;aomtcg
..../
uRefawmfhb0wpfqpfcsKd;ajymif;cJh&onf/ tarhcrsmom; 4 a,muf
ynmwwfawGjzpfatmif tawmfkef;uefcJh&onf/ uRefawmfh b0tqif
rajyrIawGBuKH&wkdif; uRefawmfaep&mtkd;tdrftwnfwusr&Sdonfh tcg
wkdif; tdrf 2 vkH;qkH;atmifb0ukd jzwfoef;cJhaom tarukd cGifhrvTwf
EkdifcJh? tartajctaeraumif;awmhbl;/ atmif&wemrSm[k od&aom
tcgrS tarhqDtajy;tvTm;oGm;cJh&onf/ taronf uRefawmhfukd
NyKH;vsufBudKonf/ tarukd aq;kHwifxm;cJhNyD;? tarokH;zkdY ykdufqHay;cJh
um? xkdifuefawmhaomtcg(aejynfawmfowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJoGm;&ef&Sd
ojzifh) tarhtoufrDyghrvm;[k pkd;&drf&jyefonf/ taronf aq;kH
ukwifay:rS TV Munfh&if; uRefawmfhukd apmifhae&&Smonf/ owif;pm
&Sif;vif;yGJwGif ausmfoleJYywfouf uRefawmfar;aomtcg taru
eiftJonfhar;cGef;ar;rS ar;yghrvm;vkdY pdwfylvdkuf&wm[k qkdonf/
okdYaomf taronf uRefawmfhukd MumMumpdwfrylvkdufEkdifawmh q&m0ef
u bmawmfovJ[k ar;uwnf;ukdu uRefawmfoabmaygufvkduf
onf/ tarhtoufukd rrDvkduf? tarqkH;awmh tazvnf; a&mufvm
onf/ uRefawmfb,folUukdrS tjypfrwifcsifawmh? tarr&Sdaomtcg
tazhukd ykd*kpdkuf&onf/ tazbmpm;csifvJ bmvkyfcsifvJ uRefawmhf
b0rSm tazxufta&;BuD;wm bmrSr&Sad wmh uRefawmf*kpu
dk v
f eG ;f aom
tcg tazu pdwfraumif;pum;qkdonf/
rif;uighukd *kwpkdufvkyfay;aeawmh ',f'DeJY rmrD(uRefawmhf tzdk;
ESifhtzGm;)ukd igbmrSvkyfray;Ekdifyguvm;vkdY pOf;pm;rdw,f[k qkdojzifh
uRefawmfvnf; pdwfraumif;jzpf&onf/
odkYaomf taz? tarESifhywfouf pmtkyfwpftkyfjzpfatmif uRef
awmfra&;Ekdifao;? q&mrsKd;omxufu taz&,f? tar&,f? uRefawmf
&,f[laom olUpmtkyfav;vmay;aomtcg? uRefawmfrdbtay:wm0ef
rauscJhyguvm;[k pOf;pm;rd&if; q&mrsKd;omxufukd aus;Zl;wifaerd
ygawmhonf/

18

trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu,fq,fa&;ESifh 'kuonfrsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;aumfrwDOu| 0Pausmfxif

a'gufwmcifa&T rGefjynfe,f a&;NrdKYe,f rm&a'0Dynma&; azmifa';&Sif;tzGJhESifU a&; t .x .u(cGJ)okdh
axmufyaUH iGEiS Uf ypn;f rsm;ay;tyfvLS 'ge;f

2014 Mo*kwf 2 &ufaeYu trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu,fq,fa&;ESifh

ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;aumfrwDOu| 0Pausmfxifa'gufwmcifa&Tonf
rGefjynfe,f a&;NrdKU&Sd rm&a'0Dynma&;azmifa';&Sif;tzGJUESifh a&;t .x
.u(cGJ)okdY axmufyHhaiGESifh ypnf;rsm;ay;tyfvSL'gef;onfh tcrf;tem;
wpf&yfukd a&;NrdKUe,fwGif usif;ycJhonf/
tqkdyg tcrf;tem;odkY a&;NrdKUe,f jynfolUvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
a':rdjrifhoef;? a&;NrdKUe,f trsKd;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f a'gufwm
Anm;atmifrkd;wkdYvnf; wufa&mufcJhaMumif; od&Sd&onf/

tqkdyg tcrf;tem;wGif 0Pausmfxifa'gufwmcifa&T a&;NrdKUe,f

trsKd;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f a'gufwmAnm;atmifrkd;? a&;NrdKUe,f
jynfolUvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f a':rdjrifhoef;wkdYrS trSmpum;ajymMum;
cJhNyD; rm&a'0Dazmifa';&Sif;twGuf aiGusyf 254 odef; wef;zkd;&Sd ausmif;
okH;ypnf;rsm;? t .x .u(1) a&;twGuf aiGusyfodef; 120 wefzkd;
ausmif;okH;ypnf;? t .x .u(2) a&;twGuf aiGusyfodef; 120 wef
zdk;&Sd ypnf;rsm; vSL'gef;cJhNyD; a&;NrdKU a&TqHawmfbk&m;twGuf aiGusyf
10 odef;vSL'gef;cJhonf/
YOH

trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu,fq,fa&;ESifh 'kuonfrsm; ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;aumfrwDOu| a'gufwmcifa&T

rGejf ynfe,f usKu
d rf a&ma'ocHrsm;ESihf awGq
U Hk
trsKd;om;vTwaf wmfu,fq,fa&;
ESifh 'kuonfrsm;ulnDapmifh a&Smufa&;
aumfrwDOu| a'gufwmcifa&Tonf
2014 Mo*kwf 3 &uf eHeufykdif;u
rGefjynfe,f usKdufra&mNrdKUe,f taxG
axGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xme [oFmcef;r
wGif a'ocHawmifolrsm;onf awGUqkH
cJhonf/
tqkyd gtcrf;tem;wGif 0P ausmf
xifa'gufwmcifa&TrS tzGit
hf rSm pum;
ajymMum;cJhNyD; rGefjynfe,f pD;yGm;a&;
0efBuD;a'gufwmrif;EG,fpdk;rS a'ozGHUNzdK;
qkdif&m vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifhywfou f&Sif;
vif;ajymMum;cJhum a'ocHrsm;u t
cuftcJrsm;wifjyMuonf/ qufvuf
0Pausmfxif a'gufwmcifa&TrS
ok0Pblrdwl;azmfa&;vkyfief;twGuf
usyfodef; 300? 'D;'kHvrf; azmufvkyf
&eftwGuf aiGusyfodef; 300? 'D;'kH&Gm pmoifausmif;aqmufvkyf&ef
usyf o d e f ; 100? 'D ; 'k H & G m tk y f c sKyf a &;rS L ;k H ; aqmuf v k y f & ef twG u f
aiGusyfodef; 60? wvdkif;uEkdif&Gm aq;ay;cef;aqmufvkyf&ef twGuf
aiGusyfodef; 60 usKdufra&mNrdKU rD;oN*dKvfqufaqmufvkyf &eftwGuf

Photo - ZMN

aiGusyfodef; 60? usKdufra&mNrdKUawmfcef;rjyKjyif&eftwGuf aiGusyfodef;

100? usKdufra&mNrdKU&Sd t .x .uausmif; 4 ausmif; twGuf uGefysL
wmESifh y&ifwmwpfausmif;vQif 5 vkH;pDvSL'gef;cJhonf/

YOH

vm;/
uGsefawmf enf;enf;awmh pdwq
f ;kd wwfw,fAs/ pdwq
f ;kd wJt
h csdeaf wmh
enf;enf;jzpfwwfw,f/
tck w &m;xd k i f a wmh pd w f u at;csrf ; rI r &bl ; vm;/
enf;enf;yJavsmhw,f/ trsm;BuD; ravsmhEdkifbl;/
tJ ' g b,f v d k v k y f r S m vJ /
qufBudK;pm;oGm;rSmaygh/
uk d , f h u k d , f u k d 'D p d w f a wG a ysmuf o G m ;atmif rvk y f c sif b l ; vm;/
vkyfcsifw,fAs/
tckajym&if ukdoHacsmif;u pdwfu wu,fw&m;aygufwJhyHk
ray:bl;av/
ray:bl;/ enf;enf;yJ/ olrsm;toufvnf; rowfcsifawmhbl;/
yif y if y ef ; yef ; vnf ; aoewf r uk d i f c sif a wmh b l ; / 'D p d w f a wmh S d w ,f /
wm0ef q d k w J h w pf c k a v; usef x m;w,f / rd e f ; reJ Y u av; U U U
olUtdrfyJjzpfjzpf oGm;ykdYay;NyD;&if/ 'grSr[kwf uGsefawmfeJYtwlaeNyD;aygh/
aer,f/ aocsmw,f/
[kwfuJh/ aocsmygw,f/
tJ o nf a wmh 'D r S m w&m;rxk d i f a wmh b l ; vm;/
xdkifw,fAs/
xdkifzdkY axmifykdifBuD;wdkYu ac:wmvm;/ ukdoHacsmif;u olwdkYukd
awmif ; qk d r I v k y f w mvm;/
olwdkYpm&if;ay;w,fAs/ xdkifr,fhol pm&if;ay;vkdufw,f/
'Pf & m&wm b,f E S c gS d o vJ /
ESpfBudrfAs/
b,f a wG x d x m;zl ; vJ /
rsufvHk;xdxm;w,f/
b,frSmjzpfwmvJ/
rsufvHk;u rdk;nSif;taSUbuf awmifay:rSm/ vufu Aef;armfrSm/
b,f o l u ypf w mvJ /
tpdk;&eJYwdkufyGJjzpfwm/
vuf p m;acszd k Y tpD t pOf r S d b l ; vm;/
rSdbl;/
aocsmvm;/
aocsmw,f/ xdvdkufwJhtcsdefyJ/
yGifhw,feJYwlw,faemf/ yGifhoGm;wJhoabmSdw,f/
'Dta&jym;av;yJ usefawmhw,f/ 'Dbufu jywfxGufoGm;w,f/
uGsefawmfu qkwfajy;vdkYvnf; r&awmhbl;/ taemufrSm acsmufurf;
yg;BuD;/ taSUrSmum;vrf;BuD;/ um;vrf;rSm wyftukefvHk;/ uGsefawmf
wdkYu Mum;rSm/ umbdkifeJYAs/ tpwkef;u ao;ao;av;yJ/
tck x k w f N yD ; NyD v m;/
xkwfNyD;NyD/ rSefbDvl;cGufrSm rSefoGm;w,f/
cif A sm;uk d Bud K ;av;Bud K ;csxm;wm/ cif A sm; aorS r aobJ /
uGsefawmfvnf; axmifusrSm aoatmifaMumufw,f/ axmif
taMumif;om rodwm/ uGsefawmf aor,fvdkYyJxifwm/ jcifuvnf;
ukdufw,f? tpm;taomufuvnf; rcHEdkifbl;/ aq;vdyfvnf; aomuf
p&mrSdbl;qdkawmh rcHEdkifbl;As/ tJonfhtcsdefrSm pdwfwtm;zdpD;w,f/
ab;uaumifawGu b,fESESpfSdNyDqdkNyD; tm;ay;w,f/ uGsefawmf
rcHEdkifbl;/ aorSmyJvdkY/ ukd,fhukd,fukd aor,fvdkYyJ wGufxm;w,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf aemufqHk;awmh w&m;xdkifNyD; aor,fvdkY/
'DrSmBudK;pifSdw,f/
[kwfuJh/ Sdw,fAs/

BudK;pifu oHacs;awmifwufaeNyD/ odvm;/ BuHK&if oGm;Munfh

vkdufOD;/ oHacs;awmifwufaeNyD/
uG s ef a wmf wpf c ga&csd K ;zl ; w,f A s/
ay:vpDajymif;oGm;w,fayghAsm/ Oyrm wdAufta&;tcif;qdk&if
wkwftpdk;&u wdAufrSm qEjywJhvlawGukd ypfowfwmyJ/ rdef;rawG
pmwef;csdwfw,f U U U ypfowfwmyJ/ owif;xJrSm owfwmawmif
jyw,f/ q'rf[lpdefBudK;ay;w,f/ rsufESmzHk;awmif rpGyfbl; U U U
owfypfwmyJ/ Edik if jH cm;qd&k if pufcvkwef ?YJ aq;xd;k owfwm trsm;BuD;Sd
w,fav/ ukdoHacsmif;qdk&if EdkifiHjcm;rSmqdk&if tqifawmifajyaeNyD/
tckqdk&if wDADxJawmif ygaeNyD/ oHacsmif;ukd b,fvdkowfvdkuf
w,fqdkwm ygaeavmufNyD/
[k w f w ,f A s/ [m; [m;/
'DrSmrowfbl;av/ tJ'gav;awmh enf;enf;acgif;xJxnfhzdkYaumif;
wmaygh/ [kwfw,f r[kwfvm;/ ukdoHacsmif; ypfaewmcwfaewmvnf;
'Dwdkif;&if;om;awGyJ/
nDtpfukdawGygyJ/
tJ'gav;awmh enf;enf;acgif;xJxnf/h cifAsm;vnf; ausmif;om;yJ/
i,fwJhtcsdefrSm enf;enf;a'gotaSUxm;w,fAs/ csufcsif;jzpf
oGm;w,f/ w&m;bl;? rw&m;bl; U U U uGsefawmf tyfww
kd pfacsmif;awmif
rukid zf ;l bl;qdak wmh tJonft
h csderf mS tJonfvjkd zpfomG ;awmh ajy;jrifomG ;
w,f/ aemufNyD; rdbawGudkvnf; oem;w,f/
tck Edk0ifbm (20) qdk&if aG;aumufyGJvkyfr,f/ t&ifu qefYusif
wJholawG tckaG;aumufyGJ0ifzdkYvkyfaeMuw,f/ 0iftaG;cHMuw,f/
'DvlawGyJ w&m;awGa[maeMuw,f/ wDADrSm U U U / wDADMunfh&vm;/
wDADMunfh&w,fAs/
wDADrMunfh&&if owif;pmrSmMunfhvkduf/ w&m;awG a[maeMuNyD
av/ b,fta&;tcif; b,fvdkygw,f U U U tukefajymaeMuNyD/
aemifwpfcsdefrSm ukdoHacsmif;wdkYvnf; 'DvdkyJ wdkif;jynfaumif;zdkYtwGuf
0ifvkyfaygh/ tck participate vkyfvdkY&wJhtcGifhta&; awGSdaeNyDav/
wu,faumif;zdkYvkyfcsifw,fqdk&if aumif;wJhenf;vrf;aG;&rSmaygh/
'DrSmawmh SdwJhtcsdefav;rSm w&m;xdkifoGm;/ q&mhukd w&m;jywm
r[kwfbl;/ q&m a'goSdaewkef;/ q&m w&m;wu,fr&ao;bl;/
tdak u tkad u aus;Zl;yJ/ vrf;awGU&ifac:aemf/ uGsefawmfu
h kd owfrmS vm;/
[J [J /
uGsefawmfvnf; jrpfBuD;em;uyJ/ autdkifatrSmvnf; oli,fcsif;
awGSdcJhzl;w,f/ tckawmh tukefNidrf;csrf;a&;&ukefMuygNyD/ tifef'Dat
rSmvnf; oli,fcsif;awGSdw,f/ olwdkYvnf; tckaG;aumufyGJ0ifzdkY
vkyfaeMuw,f/ acwfuajymif;oGm;NyDav/ vufeufeJYwdkufwJhacwf
r[kwfawmhbl;/ t,ltqa&;t&? tawG;tac:t& wdkufwJhacwfjzpf
oGm;NyD q&m/ tJ'g q&mvnf; ausmif;om;wpfa,mufyJ/ tck urmrSm
tJonfvdkwdkufaeMuw,f/ aoewfeJY rwdkufMuawmhbl;/ tJ'gav;yg/
tdkau/ aus;Zl;yJ/

19

qufvufazmfjyygrnf

,cifwpfywfrS tquf . . .
tJonfhuae azmufxGufvmwmr[kwfvm;/ tckaxmifuvGwf
&if b,f q uf o G m ;rvJ /
at;at;csrf;csrf;yJ aecsifw,f/ rae&ifawmh xGufajy;r,f/
b,fukdoGm;rSmvJ/
jzpfEdkif&if tdrfrSmyJaecsifw,f/ b,frSroGm;csifbl;/
rd e f ; rvS r f ; ac:&if a um/
rde;f rawmh ac:&rSm/ tJ'gu wm0efw
dS ,f/ owfowf? rowfowf
olwdkYqDoGm;ac:rSmyJ/
oG m ;&if ,G u f p pf u aqmf x nf h v k d u f r S m aygh /
aqmfrSmaygh/ uGsefawmf tjypfSd&if owfygap/ bmrSrjzpfbl;/
'DaumifuGm opmazmufqdkNyD; aqmf&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ/
ao'Pf a wmh S d w ,f A s/ aoewf w pf v uf y goG m ;&if a wmif r S
olowfwm/
tck vufeufvnf;ygvmw,fav/ Sif;Sif;ajym&&if tpdk;&eJYNidrf;
csrf;a&;,lzdkY xGufvmwmr[kwfvm;/ tJonfawmh ,Gufppfu ao
'Pf a y;rS m aygh /
ay;ygapAsm/
uav;awGeJYrdef;rukd b,folu apmifhaSmufxm;ovJ/
uG s ef a wmf h t rsd K ;orD ; uk d , f w d k i f a pmif h a S m uf x m;w,f / ausmif ;
q&mrvk y f a ygh /
olwkdYukd b,ftzGJUtpnf;u apmifhaSmufxm;ovJ/
NGO uawmh apmif h a S m uf r vm;rod b l ; As/ vpmawmh NGO
u&w,f/
b,f t zG J U tpnf ; vJ /
a'gufwmpde0f if;tzGUJ uvm;? b,ftzGUJ vJ rodb;l As/ olwyYkd nma&;
Gmav;rSmav/
project S d w ,f a ygh / refugee camp yJ a ygh /
refugee camp awmhr[kwfbl;As/ Srf;awmhSrf;yJ/ refugee camp
yHkpHrsdK;yJ/
b,fbufurf;rSmSdwmvJ/
e,fpyfuav;/ uGsefawmfwdkYwyf&JUab;uGm/
tckaemufqHk; update owif;t&qdk&if aG;aumufyGJNyD;vdkYSd&if
xdkif; border rSmSdwJhtm;vHk;ukd tpdk;&qDjyefoGm;r,fvdkY pDpOfaew,f/
tJ ' gaum od v m;/
rodbl;As/
tck a G ; aumuf y G J N yD ; vd k Y S d & if [d k r S m S d w J h ' k u o nf a um bmaum
nmaum NGO awG t uk e f v H k ; ? S d o rQtm;vH k ; u jref r mjynf j yef &
r,f v d k Y [d k b uf x d k i f ; u vmpaeNyD / tJ ' god v m;/
rodbl;/
[d k r S m S d w J h NGO tzG J U tpnf ; awG ? qef Y u sif w J h t zG J U tpnf ; awG
tm;vHk;ukd usefwJh U U U tar&dueftygt0ifayghaemf U U U tm;vHk;uae
bwf*sufawGjzwfaewmodvm;/
rodbl;/
ol w d k Y u k d support vk y f c J h w m ES p f a ygif ; renf ; awmh b l ; / bmrS
rjzpf w J h t wG u f ol w d k Y u k d support vH k ; 0rvk y f a wmh b l ; / 'D r S m S d w meJ Y
wd k u f k d u f q uf o G , f a ewmod v m;/ tJ ' g rod b l ; aygh /
rodbl;/
tJ o nf a wmh uk d , G u f p pf q D u k d jyef o G m ;rS m vm;/
uGsefawmfhrdef;reJYuav;ukd vdkufSmr,fAsm/ 'DrSm GmrSm tpfr
ESpfa,mufyJusefw,fav/
pdwfuawmh rukefao;bl;r[kwfvm;/ aqmfcsifao;w,fr[kwf

vuf & S d a cwf u mvrS m xG u f & S d a ewJ h p maytrsKd ; tpm;awG x J r S m

EkdifiHa&;pmayawG trsm;qHk;jzpfaewmudk awGU&ygw,f/ em;eJYrsufpdudk
zGifhMunfhvdkY &vmwJhacwfBuD;rSm vlwdkif;vdkvdk EkdifiHa&;udk pdwf0ifpm;
vmwmaMumifhvnf;jzpfrSmyg/ EkdifiHa&;eJYywfoufNyD; a&;wJhpmtkyfawG
[m aps;uGufrSm ta&mif;&qHk;pmtkyfawGjzpfaewmudkvnf; awGU&yg
owJ/h 'Dbufacwfrwdik cf if tcsdeaf wGwek ;f uawmh q&mawmfb&k m;awG
a&;wJh w&m;pmtkyfawGeJY wufusrf;qdkNyD; owfrSwfvdkY&wJh b0jrifhwif
a&;pmtkyfawGu ta&mif;&qHk;pmtkyfawGtjzpf awGUjrifcJh&ygao;w,f/
tJ'Dwkef;uawmh umva'oeJY tajctaetcsdeftcgt&
vlawG[m w&m;oabmawGeJYyJ qifjcifoHk;oyfNyD;
udk,fhb0&JU&yfwnfrIudk zefwD; Mu&vdkY xifyg&JU
tcktcsdefrSmawmh EkdifiHa&;NyD;&if EkdifiHa&;ygyJ/ xGuf
vmwJh Ekid if aH &;pmtkyaf wG[mvnf; a&wGuv
f aYkd wmif
rukeEf idk yf gbl;/ wd;k wufvmwJh taetxm;vdYk ajymvdYk
&ayr,fh wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ &opmay[m aemuf
wef;udka&mufoGm;wmuawmh pdwfraumif;p&myg
yJ/ uRefru &opmayta&;rsm;wJholrdkY 'Dpum;ajym
wmr[kwfygbl;/ &opmayawGudk wefzdk;xm;NyD; *k
wpd k u f z wf a pvd k w J h q E E S i f h t wl &opmay&J U wef z d k ; ud k
rodwJhvlawGrsm;vmwm[m pdwfaepdwfxm;awG ,kwf
avsmhysufpD;zdkY vrf;pjzpfay:vmwwfw,fvdkY cH,lrdvdkYyg/
EkdifiHwpfckrSm ]]rl}}awG b,favmufyJaumif;
aumif;? ]]vl}}awG raumif;&if; tJ'DEdkifiH[m b,fvdkrS
aumif;rvmEkid yf gbl;/ uRefru awmh ]]vlomy"me}}qdw
k hJ
t,ltqudk tjynfht0vufcH,HkMunfyg w,f/ avmu
wpfckvHk;udk vluyJzefwD;wmyg/ 'Dvdk y"meuswJhvlawG
[m aumif;zdaYk wmhvykd gw,f/ vlawGaumif;zdYk ta&;BuD;qH;k u
ol&Y UJ tusifph m&dwE iS hf pdwaf epdwx
f m;ygyJ/ oH;k avmuxdyx
f m;
jrwfpGmbk&m; udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;uvnf; vlawG&JUpdwfeJY
apwodufawGtaMumif;udk tus,fw0ifh tao;pdwfa[m
Mum;awmf r l c J h y gw,f / tajccH v l a wG & J U pd w f a wG u d k
xde;f ausmif;zdYk ig;yg;oDvudk Tejf ycJyh gw,f/ vlwikd ;f rSm
&SdwJh tajccHpdwfeJY apwodufawG[m tJh'Dvl&JU
vuf&Sdb0udka&m? ol aewJhEkdifiH&JU tvm;tvmudk
a&m zefwD;Ekdifygw,f/ 'DxufydkNyD; eufeuf dIif;dIif;ajym
&&if oloGm;&r,fh oHo&mc&D;udkvnf; TefjyEkdifygw,f/
vltrsm;pk[m rsufuef;wapraMumufqdkovdk oHo&mudk
raMumufMuwJhtjyif rdrdudk,frdrdvnf; jrifatmifrMunfh
Ekid &f mS Muygbl;/ ab;u Munfah ewJh uRefruawmh jrif&orQ
Mum;&orQawG[m pdwaf rmp&m awGvYdk cHpm;&NyD; tJ'v
D al wG
&JU vuf&Sdb0eJY aemifoHo&mb0awG twGufyg &ifav;aerdygw,f/
'Dae&mrSm &opmayqdkwm ajymcJhwJhvlawG&JU pdwfapwodufawG
udk wpfaxmifhwpfae&muae yJhudkifEkdifpGrf;&SdwJhpmawGvdkY uRefruawmh
,lqygw,f/ &opmayqdkwm pdwfcHpm;rIrsKd;pHkudk EdI;qGay;EkdifwmrdkY a&;
wJhol[m apwemtjynfheJY taumif;tqdk;trSm;trSefcGJjcrf;pdwfjzmNyD;
a&;jyEkdifzdkYawmh vdkygw,f/ olwdkYa&;wJhpmawGrSm w&m;udk,foabmawG
ygrS &opmayaumif;awGjzpfvmrSmyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;cJhwJh
avmuygvw&m;eJt
Y nD a&;zGUJ wJph mrsKd;awG? jA[p&kd w
f &m;ESit
hf nD a&;zGUJ
xm;wJh &opmayrsKd;awG[m zwfIolawGtwGuf (q&mazjrifh&JU pum;
eJYajym&&if) ESvHk;om;rSm tm[m&awG jzpfvmapygw,f/ pmzwfol&JU
&ifxJudkvnf; pmemrIawG xnfhoGif;ay;Ekdifygw,f/
wcsKdUwavu &opmayqdkwmudk tcspf0wKoufoufvdkY ,lq
wwfygao;w,f/ wu,fhudk wefzdk;&SdwJh &opmayrsKd;awGudk rzwfbl;
,Hkru pmayqdkwmudk b,f[mu b,fvdkrSef;rodatmif a0;aecJhMu
wJh olrsKd;awGvdkY aumufcsufqGJrdygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk vlrsKd;awG[m trsm;

tm;jzifh trSm;eJYtrSefudk a0zefydkif;jcm;NyD; rodwwfMuygbl;/ ig;yg;oDv

xJu ]]t'dEm'gem a0&rPdodumy'H orm"d&mrd}}vdkYom vdkuf&Gwfae
Muayr,fh olYOpmrcdk;&qdkwmudk olrsm;tdwfxJu EdIuf,lwmrsKd;? olrsm;
tdrfwufNyD; cRwfeif;cdk;,lwmrsKd;rSomvQif cdk;rItusKH;0ifw,fqdkNyD;
a,bk,s rSwf,laeMuyHk&ygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh trsm;ydkif?
EkdifiHydkifawGudk olYwpfyg;OpmvdkY cH,lp&mrvdkbJ ]]rif;b@m udk,fh[m}}
vdkY rSwf,laeMuwJh vlawGu rsm;aevdkYyg/ uRefr wGufqrdoavmuf
ajym&&if tJvv
kd rl sKd;awGxrJ mS pmaumif;ayaumif;qdw
k mawGukd aumif;

aumif; rzwfxm;wJhvlrsKd;awG[m wpf&mrSm &Spfq,f&mcdkifEIef;avmuf

&Sdvdrfhr,fxifygw,f/ uRefrwdkY i,fpOfuwnf;u zwfcJh&wJh ]]bBuD;
atmif nmw,f}}qdkwJh 0wKav;rsKd;udk zwfxm;rdwJhvl[m tenf;qHk;
awmh tm;enf;olawGtay:rSm vdrfnmvSnfhjzm;zdkY tawmfcJ&if;oGm;yg
vdrfhr,f/ ,rif;kyfuav;udk vdkcsifvGef;vdkY ydkufqHpkae&SmwJh vli,f
av;wpfa,muf&,f? ud,
k b
hf 0&yfwnfrt
I wGuf vli,fav;udk vSnphf m;
ovdk jzpfomG ;&&SmwJh bBuD;atmifqw
kd hJ yef;ykq&mBuD;&,f/ 'DEpS af ,muf
vdk b0rsKd;awGvdk uRefr BuHKawGU&rSm aMumufcJh&ygw,f/ vli,fav;
udk rBuHKcsifovdk? bBuD;atmifvdkvnf; rjzpfrdzdkY b0rSm BudK;pm;&yf
wnfcJh&ygw,f/
aemufNyD; ylavmifjyif;jyvSwJh trkef;w&m;awG? tNidK;tmCmw
awGeJY b0udk rD;NrdKufovdkjzpfae&mrS vGwfajrmufatmif BudK;pm;cJh&wJh
vlwpfa,muftaMumif;udkawmh q&mrBuD; a':cifESif;,k&JU ]]atmifjrif
aomaeY}}qdkwJh 0wKxJrSm awGUjrifEkdifygw,f/ trkef;w&m;awG tNidK;
tmCmwawGuae vGwfajrmufvmwJhaeY[m atmifjrifaomaeYvdkY

q&mrBuD;u a&;zGJUcJhygw,f/ uRefrwdkYuawmh ,aeYtcsdeftxd BudK;pm;

ae&qJyg/ wu,fawmh a&SUquf&r,fh b0c&D;rSm &cJhbl;wJh 'Pf&m
aMumifh &cJhwJh emusifrIawGudk rajyaysmufEkdifbJ cHpm;aejcif;[m oGm;
&r,fhvrf;udk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;awGUjrifEkdifzdkY cJ,Of;vdrfhr,fvdkY xifjrif
,lqrdygw,f/
zwfbl;cJhwJh &opmay0wKawGxJu q&matmifvif;&JU ]]tdkif;
pHy,f}}vdk 0wKrsKd;? q&mrBuD; *sme,fausmfrrav;&JU ]]&ifeifhatmif
arT;}}vdk 0wKrsKd;awG[mjzifh jrefrmrav;awGtwGuf jrefrmrIudk jrwfEdk;
apzdkY? [D&dMowy &SdapzdkY? vQyfay:avmfvnfjcif; uif;apzdkY ynmay;
NyD; a&;zGJUxm;wJh 0wKBuD;awGyg/ ,aeYacwfrdef;uav;awG jyefvnf
zwfIoifhygw,f/ emrnfxif&Sm; vltodrsm;zdkY tvStywpfckudkyJ
t&if;jyKcsifwhJ rde;f uav;awGtwGuf todynmay;pmayawG
,aeYtcsdefrSm vdktyfaeygNyD/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh q,fvD
b&pfwDvdkY owfrSwf cH&wJh e,fy,ftoD;oD;u rdef;
uav;awG&UJ 0wfpm;qif,ifx;kH zGUJ rIeYJ [efyeftrlt,mawGrmS
jrefrmrI? jrefrm[efawGrawGU&oavmuf jzpfaevdkYygyJ/
vdkufzufw,fxifvdkY? ydkvSw,fxifvdkY 0wfMupm;Muwm qdk&if
awmfygao;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk0wfrS tJ'DvdkaerS acwfrDw,f? tqifh
twef;jrifhw,fvdkY rSwf,loGm;rSmudkawmh pdk;&drfrdygw,f/ &Sufoifhwm
r&Sufoifhwm? aMumufoifhwm raMumufoifhwmawGudkvnf; cGJjcm;
em;vnfEdkifrS rSefuefpGm usifhBuHEkdifMurSmyg/ ajymcJhovdk ,aeYacwfrSm
vlxv
k w
l ef;pm;tm;vH;k twGuf
rS e f u ef w J h tawG ; tjrif h e J Y
wuGvSywJh ESvHk;om;ydkif&Sifrsm;
jzpfvmapzdkY &orsKd;pHkay;EkdifpGrf;wJh
pmtkyfawG trsm;BuD; vdktyfaeygNyD/
,cif a cwf u q&mBuD ; q&mrBuD ;
awGa&;cJhwJh pmayawGudk jyefvnfyHkESdyf
xkwaf 0aewmawGuv
kd nf; awGU&ygw,f/ 'DtwGuf
vnf; 0rf;ajrmufpGmeJY xkwfa0aewJholawGudk aus;Zl;
wif&ygw,f/ topftopfaom &opmayrsm; xGuaf y:
vmzdkYudkvnf; BudK;pm; Muapcsifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
pmtkyt
f a&mif;qdik af wGbufuusawmhvnf; tcsdet
f cg
ud k u Ek d i f i H a &;pmtk y f a wG y J ta&mif ; &qH k ; jzpf a eawmh
&opmayvdk pmrsKd;awGudk qdkifay:wif&wm tm;r&Sdbl;jzpfae
w,fvdkY qdkMuygw,f/
EkdifiHa&;pmayawGxJrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhywfoufNyD; pmtkyf
rsKd;pHk ay:xGufvmwmudkawmh 0rf;om&ygw,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf AdkvfcsKyf
vdk pGefYpm;&JNyD; AdkvfcsKyfvdk udk,fusKd;pGefYtepfemcHwJh AdkvfcsKyfvdk NcdK;NcH
acRwmwJh acgif;aqmifrsKd; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm trSefwu,f ay:xGef;cJhzl;
w,fqdkwmudk uav;awG pHerlem,lp&mtjzpf azmfjycGifh &aeMuwm
udkvnf; auseyfp&myg/ ,aeYacwfvli,fawGtwGuf 'DvdkEkdifiHa&;eJY
twKywdpmayawG vdktyfovdk pmemrIESvHk;om;udk ay;EkdifpGrf;wJh &o
pmay? 0wKaumif;aumif;awG trsm;BuD;vdktyfaewJhtaMumif; tav;
teufajymcsifygw,f/ EkdifiHa&;awGeJY ywfoufvdkY rl0g'awG? vrf;pOf
awG? pepfawG? Oya'awGudk rsKd;pHk ta&usKdaomufEkdifayr,fh pmemrI
qdkwJh w&m;r&Sd&if b,fvdkrS vSywJhEkdifiHwpfckudk wnfaqmufEkdifvdrfh
r,f r[kwfbl;vdkY ajymyg&ap/
uRefr MunfhcJhzl;wJh EkdifiHjcm;kyf&Sifum;wpfckxJu pum;wpfcGef;
udkjyefNyD; rQa0csifygw,f/ ]]EdkifiHa&;orm;vkyfawmhr,fqdk&if EkdifiHa&;
todynm? twwfynmawGudk xHk;vdkacs a&vdkaomufEkdifzdkYxuf tJh'D
vl&JU&ifxJrSm t&ifqHk; &SdESifh&rSmu pmemrI jzpfygw,f}}vdkY qdkygw,f/
rjcL;yGifh

q&mBuD;rif;odcFuG,fvGefjcif;(6)ESpfjynfhtxdrf;trSwf 0gqkdouFef;ESifhqGrf;qufuyfvSL'gef;yGJ q&mZifa,mfeDOD;aqmifjyKvkyf

jrefrmEkdifiH\txifu&pma&;q&mBuD;wpfOD; aA'ifq&mBuD;wpfOD;
jzpfaom q&mBuD;rif;odcFuG,fvGefoGm;cJhonfrSm (2014)ck? Mo*kwfv
(1)&ufaeYu (6)ESpfwif;wif;jynfhajrmufcJhNyDjzpfonf/
q&mBuD;arG;xkwfcJhNyD; q&mBuD;\ynmjzifh toufarG;&yfwnfae

20

Muaomwynfhrsm;? q&mBuD;\ynm&yfrsm;ukd ,HkMunfpGmtm;ukd;aeMu

aomy&dowfrsm;? jrefrmjynftESH rsm;pGmusef&SdaecJhav&m q&mBuD;\
(6)ESpjf ynft
h xdr;f trSwf ukov
dk yf rJG sm;ukd ae&mtESYH usif;ycJo
h nf[o
k &d dS
&ygonf/

(2014)ck? Zlvkdifv(31)&ufaeY? nae(5)em&Dtcsdefu vIdifNrdKUe,f?

at;&dyfrGef(1)vrf;&Sd q&mZifa,mfeD\tcef;wGif q&mBuD;\wynfh
y&dowfrsm;pkaygif; (108)zD; uefawmhyGJBuD;jzifh ylaZmfuefawmhjcif;?
Mo*kwfv(1)&uf? eHeuf(9)em&DwGif tif;pdef? BudKUukef;&Sd anmifuefat;
ausmif;wdkufwGif oHCmawmft&SifoljrwfwkdYtm; 0gqkdouFef;ESifhqGrf;
quf u yf v S L 'gef ; jcif ; ? a&a0;&S d q &mBuD ; \*l A d r mef o k d Y o G m ;a&muf
uefawmh jcif;? oefY&Sif;a&;ukokdvfjyKjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhMuonf[k
od&Sd&ygonf/
q&mZifa,mfeDtaeESifh q&mBuD;rif;odcF\ wynfhy&dowftrsm;pk
ukd qufvufOD;aqmifum ESpfqef;wpf&ufaeYwkdif; ab;rJhvTwfyGJESifh
acgif;aq;r*FvmyGJ? wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhaeYwkdif; aq;aygif;cyGJ? ZGefv
(25)&uf q&mBuD;rif;odcF\arG;aeYwkdif; pkaygif;aoG;vSL'gef;yGJESifh
atmufqD*siftkd;rsm;vSL'gef;yGJ? bmoma&;ESifhy&[dwqkdif&m &efyHkaiG
tvSLyGJrsm;ukd tifESifhtm;ESifh BudK;yrf;vmcJhonfrSm (6)ESpfqufwkduf&Sd
vmcJhNyDjzpfNyD; q&mBuD;rif;odcF\ynm&yfrsm;ukd arwmjzifhvufqifhurf;
ay;aeaom t,lawmfr*FvmaA'ifoifwef;zGifhvSpfjcif;? q&mBuD;
rif ; od c F x l a xmif o G m ;cJ h a om raemr,*r D & *sme,f u k d quf v uf
xdef;ausmif;jcif;rsm;ukdvnf; jyKvkyfvsuf&SdaMumif; od&ygonf/

jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;rS w&m;r0iful; pD;yGm;jzpfxkwfvkyfjzefY

csda&mif;cscJhonfh rEav;rS OD;xGef;Ekdiftay: epfemaMu; usyfodef;ig;
axmif&vkdrIjzifh rEav;ckdifw&m;kH;wGif avQmufxm;cJh&m epfemaMu;
usyf 930 &ykdifcGifh&SdaMumif; 2014 Zlvkdif 30 &ufpGJjzifh rEav;ckdif
w&m;kH;wGJbufckdifw&m;olBuD; 1 rS wpfzufowftEkdif'D*&DcsrSwfcJh
onf/
pD&ifcsuftjynfhtpkHrSm
rE a v;ck d i f w &m;k H ;
2013 ck E S p f ? w&m;rBuD ; rI t rS w f - 189
jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;(A[kd) ESifh
OD;xGef;Ekdif
(if;\tcGifh&ukd,fpm;vS,fOD;odef;vIdif)
w&m;vkdif

w&m;Nyd K if

w&m;vkdtwGuf - OD ; ausmf p d k ; rk d ; ? w&m;vT w f a wmf a &S U ae

w&m;Nyd K if t wG u f - ud k , f w k d i f ( rvm)
pD&ifcsuf
2014 ck E S p f ? Zl v k d i f v 30 &uf
trIrmS jrefrmaw;*DwtEkynm&Si?f twwfynm&Sirf sm;\ mPpGr;f
tm;? um,pGr;f tm;rsm;jzifh tcsdeu
f mvESpcf sD &if;ES;D jrKyfEzHS efw;D xm;aom
jrefrmaw;oDcsif;rsm;ukd rl&if;ydik &f iS rf sm;oabmwl cGijhf yKcsufr&Sb
d J w&m;
r0iful;,l pD;yGm;jzpfxkwfvkyfjzefYcsd a&mif;cscJhonfhtwGuf epfemaMu;
aiG (500000000)(usyfig;axmifodef;wdwd)&vkdrIjzpfonf/
w&m;NydKifOD;xGef;EkdifrSm w&m;vkdtqkdvTmyg vdyfpmt& jiif;csuf
ormefpm xkwq
f ifch ahJ omfvnf; k;H a&SUa&muf&jdS cif;r&So
d jzifh w&m;rusifh
xkH;Oya'trdefY 5? enf; 20 t& tjcm;enf;ormefpmtm; jrefrmhtvifh;
owif;pmwGif 23-7-2013 &ufaeYwGif xkwfqifhcJhaomfvnf; w&m;
NydKifOD;xGef;EkdifkH;a&SUra&muf&Sd w&m;rusifhxkH;Oya'trdefY 9? enf;
6 t& wyfzufowfppfaq;cJhonf/
w&m;vkdjrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;(A[kd)\ tcGifh&udk,fpm;vS,f
OD;odef;vIdif\ tqkdvTmwGif w&m;vkdonf jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEkdifiH
awmftpdk;& jynfxJa&;0efBuD;XmewGif ]]jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;
(A[k)d }}trnfemrjzifh toif;tzGUJ zGUJ pnf;xm;NyD; toif;tzGUJ \ zGUJ pnf;cGihf
vufrSwf trSwfrSm 1720 jzifh rSwfykHwifoGif;xm;ygaMumif;? &efukef
wkdif;a'oBuD;? wmarGNrdKUe,f? ewfacsmif;&yfuGuf? "r'gevrf;? trSwf
2 wGif kH;pkdufxm;NyD; NrdKUe,ftvdkuf tzGJUcGJrsm;zGJU zGJUpnf;wnfaxmif
xm;aom EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;BuD;jzpfygaMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiH*Dw
tpnf;tkH;ukd (1) r[m*Dw(oDcsif;BuD;)tvTm? (2) umvay:tvTm?
(3) acwfay:(pwl&D,dk)? (4) pufrItoHzrf;tvTm? (5) xkwfvkyfjzefYcsd
tvTm[l tajccHtvTm (5) vTmjzifh zGJUpnf;xm;ojzifh jrefrmhaw;*Dw?
jrefrmaw;oDcsif;tm;vk;H onf jrefrmEkid if *H w
D tpnf;tk;H (A[k)d ESihf tusKH;
0ifoufqkdifvsuf&SdygaMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;(A[dk)\ 181-2013 aeYpyJG g pkn
H t
D pnf;ta0;qk;H jzwfcsuft& *Dwtpnf;tk;H (A[k)d
\ cGijhf yKcsuf? oabmwlncD sufr&Sb
d J jrefrmaw;*Dw? aw;oDcsif;rsm;ukd
w&m;r0iful;,l(ckd;ul;,l)pD;yGm;jzpfxkwfvkyfjzefYcsdolrsm;tm; w&m;kH;
tqifhqifhwGif trIzGifhw&m;pGJqkd&ef? rlykdifcGifhcsKd;azmufrI? umuG,fa&;
aumfrwDtzGUJ 0ifO;D ode;f vIid t
f m; wm0efay;tyfxm;ygaMumif;? jrefrmEkid if H
*Dwtpnf;tkH;(A[kd)\ 18-1-2013 aeYpGJyg trIaqmifaumfrwDpkHnD?
tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf; rdwLukd yl;wGJwifjytyfygaMumif;? w&m;NydKifonf
rEav;wkdif;a'oBuD;? csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f? tuGuftrSwf 243? 26
G w
f iG f ]]xGe;f Ekid f Mobile
vrf;? 86x87 vrf;Mum;? oD&ad [rmta&SU&yfuu

Phone ESifh DVD

ta&mif;qkdif}}zGifhvSpf jrefrmaw;*Dw? aw;oDcsif;

rsm;ukd w&m;r0iful;,l pD;yGm;jzpfxkwfvkyfjzefYcsda&mif;csonfh vkyfief;
vkyu
f idk af eolwpfO;D jzpfaMumif;? 22-1-2013 aeYwiG f jynfo
h &l w
J yfzUJG 0if
rsm;onf t&efrD;owfwyfzGJU0ifrsm;? &yfuGufwm0ef&Sdyk*dKvfrsm;? NrdKUe,f
Video tajccHtzGJUtwGif;a&;rSL;rsm;ESihftwl w&m;NydKif\ ]]xGef;Ekdif
Mobile Phone ESifh DVD ta&mif;qkdif}}okdY 0ifa&muf&SmazG? zrf;qD;&m
wGif w&m;r0iful;,lxm;aom qifqmrJhaw;oDcsif;rsm;? DVD 3000
csyfESihf qifqmrJhjrefrmtNidrfh DVD 116 csyfukd xkwfydk;tdyfrsm;ESifhwuG
a&mif;cs&aiGusyf (25000df^-)wdkYukd vufyl;vufMuyf zrf;qD&rdcJhaMumif;
(zrf;qD;&rdaom jrefrmaw;oDcsif;(ckd;ul;acG)rsm;pm&if;ukd aemufqufwGJ
(u)pm&if;jzifh yl;wGJwifjyygaMumif;)w&m;NydKifxHrS txufygzrf;qD;&rd
aom qifqmrJhw&mr0iful;,l xkwfvkyfjzefYcsDa&mif;csaom DVD
csyfrsm;ESifhywfouf jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEkdifiHawmfu w&m;vdkjyK
vkyfNyD; jypfrIBuD;trItrSwf 250^13jzifh csrf;at;ompHNrdKUe,f w&m;kH;
awmfwGif jypfrIaMumif;t& w&m;pGJqkdxm;NyD;jzpfaMumif;? txufygzrf;
qD;&rdrIjzpfpOfwGif jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;0ifrsm;\ jrefrmaw;oDcsif;
DVD rsKd;pkH 3000 csyfukd w&m;NydKifxHrS vufyl;vufMuyfzrf;qD;&rd
aMumif; ay:aygufae&mzrf;qD;&rdrI ta&twGuf vGefpGmrsm;jym;aMumif;
awGU&Sd&onfhtwGuf w&m;NydKifonf *Dwtpnf;tkH;0ifrsm;\ rlydkifaw;
oDcsif;rsm;ukd acwfrDpufud&d,mrsm;jzifh w&m;r0iful;,lum vufvD
vufum; pD;yGm;jzpfxkwfvkyfa&mif;csaeoljzpfygaMumif;? jrefrmaw;*Dw?
aw;oDcsif;rsm;ukd zefwD;xkwfvkyf&mwGif tEkynm&Sifrsm;? twwfynm
&Sifrsm;onf jrefrmaw;oDcsif;acGwpfacG(okdY)jrefrmaw;oDcsif; CD,
G &f &dS eftwGuf &if;ES;D aiGoed ;f 400 ceft
Y xd&if;ES;D
VCD, DVD wpfcsyfxu
jrKyfE&HS NyD; tcsdeu
f mvtm;jzifh ysrf;rQ 2 ESpcf efY tcsde,
f Bl udK;pm;tm;xkwf
zefwD;&ygaMumif;? w&m;NydKifonf jrefrmaw;*DwtEkynm&Sif? twwf
ynm&Sifrsm;\ mPpGrf;tm;? um,pGrf;tm;rsm;jzifh tcsdefumvESpfcsD
BudK;pm;tm;xkwf &if;ESD;jrKyfESHxm;aom jrefrmaw;oDcsif;rsm;ukd rl&if;
ydik &f iS *f w
D tpnf;tk;H 0ifrsm;\ cGijhf yKcsuf? oabmwlncD sufr&Sb
d J w&m;
r0iful;,l wenf;tm;jzifh ckd;ul;,l pD;yGm;jzpfvufvDvufum; jzefYcsd
a&mif;cscJhojzifh *Dwtpnf;tkH;0ifrsm;rS vGefpGmxdckdufepfemqkH;IH;cJhyg
aMumif;? jrefrmEdkifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;(A[dk)onf q,fpkESpfwpfpkeD;yg;yGm;
rsm;jyefEY aYHS eaom w&m;r0ifu;l ,l pD;yGm;jzpfxw
k v
f yk jf zefcY sda&mif;csonfh
ck;d ul;acGaps;uGuBf uD;rm;us,fjyefrY aI Mumifh jrefrmaw;*Dw? jrefrmaw;oD
csif; xkwfvkyfolrsm;taejzifh aiGaMu;tEkynmpkdufxkwf pepfwus
rvkyfEkdifawmhaMumif;? wpfqifhxufwpfqifhjrifhatmif wDxGifxkwfvkyf
Ekid pf rG ;f r&Sad wmhaMumif; epfemqk;H I;H rIrsm; BuD;rm;pGm ay:aygufaeaMumif;

aMumifh *Dwtpnf;tkH;0ifrsm;\ qkH;IH;rIwef;zkd;rSm vGefpGmBuD;rm;

rsm;jym;ygaMumif;? okdYaomf *Dwtpnf;t kH;0ifrsm;\ xdcdkufepfem
qkH;IH;rIyrmPaiGusyf (500000000)(usyfig; axmifodef;wdwd)
omowfrSwfw&m;pGJqkdygaMumif;? w&m;vkdu 2013 ckESpf? azazmf0g&D
22 &ufaeYwGif txufazmfjyyg epfemqkH;IH;rIrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD;
Oya'ESifhtnD w&m;pGJqkdrnfjzpfaMumif; today;taMumif; Mum;pm
(Ekw
Yd pfpm)ukd w&m;NydKifxH ay;ykaYd wmif;qkcd ahJ Mumif;? w&m;NydKifu Edw
Yk pfpm
ukd vufcH&&Sdaomfvnf; ,aeYwkdifatmifvkdufemaqmif&GufcJhjcif;
r&Sad Mumif;? odyYk g w&m;vko
d nf w&m;NydKiftay: w&m;pGq
J &dk ef twGuf
w&m;NydKifxHrS jrefrmaw;*Dw? jrefrmaw;oDcsif;rsm; zrf;qD;&rdonfh
22-1-2013 aeYwGif vnf;aumif;? w&m;vkday;ykdYaom 22-2-2013
aeYpGJyg EkdYwpfpmudk w&m;NydKifvufcH&&SdonfhaeYrS 14 &ufaemuf
ydkif;wGifvnf;aumif; w&m;pGJqkd&eftaMumif;ay:aygufcJhaMumif;? w&m;
vdk jrefrmEkid if *H w
D tpnf;tk(H A[k)d \ epfemqk;H I;H aiGusyf (500000000)
(usyfig; axmifoed ;f wdw)d udk w&m;NydKifu ay;tyfaponfh pD&ifcsufEiS 'hf D
u&DcsrSwfay;&ef tqkdjyKcJhonf/
w&m;vdOk ;D ode;f vdiI rf S jrefrmEkid if *H w
D tpnf;tk;H tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D jzpfNyD;
*Dwtpnf;tkH;A[kdwGif rlydkifcGifhcsKd;azmufrI umuG,fwm;qD;a&; aumf
rwDtzGJU0iftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifygaMumif;? uRefawmftm; ,cktrI
pGJqkd&eftwGuf jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;A[kd trIaqmifaumfrwDpkHnD
tpnf;ta0;\ 18-1-2013 &ufpGJyg tpnf;ta0;qkH;jzwfcsuft&
,cktrItm; pGJqkdjcif;jzpfaMumif;? tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;"mwfykHrdwLtm;
rl&if;ESifh wkdufqkdif oufaocH(c)tjzpf wifoGif;aMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiH
*Dwtpnf;tkH;udk,fpm;wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&ol uRefawmfrS trIpGJ
qkd&ef w&m;rusifhxkH;Oya' trdefY 3? enf; 1 t& avQmufvTmESifh
usrf;usdefvTmwdkYtm; yl;wGJwifjyygaMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;
A[kdonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHpnf;rsOf;rsm;jzifh pepfwuszGJUpnf;xm;aom
tzGJUtpnf;jzpfNyD; r[m*Dw(oDcsif;BuD;)? umvay:vTm? acwfay:pwD&D
,kdvTm? pufrItoHzrf;vTmESifh xkwfvkyfjzefYcsdvTm[l tvTm 5 vTmjzifh
zGUJ pnf;xm; zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHpnf;rsOf;tm; oufaocH (*)tjzpf wifoiG ;f
aMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHpnf;rsOf; tykd'f 2(c)
wGif aw;*DwtEkynm&Sifrsm;? twwfynm&Sifrsm;\ ykdifqkdifcGifhESifh
w7m;0if&oifh&xkdufonhf tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd wnfqJOya'rsm;ESifhtnD
umuG,fay;&efyg&Sd tykd'f 66(u)wGif jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;tzGJU
0ifrsm;\ rlydkifcGifhtEkynmaMu;w&m;ojzifh &xkdufaom tcGifhta&;rsm;
epfemrIrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;aom udp&yfrsm;ukd Oya'abmiftwGif;rS pnf;kH;
a&;enf;vrf;jzifh aqmif&Gufjcif;[k owfrSwfxm;ygaMumif;? w&m;NydKif
OD;xGe;f Ekid o
f nf jrefrmaw;*DwoDcsif;rsm;ukd w&m;r0ifu;l ,l pD;yGm;jzpf
xkwv
f yk af &mif;csaeolwpfO;D jzpfaMumif;? 22-1-2013 aeYu w&m;NydKif
xHrS qifqmrJh jrefrmaw;oDcsif;'DAGD'D (3000)csyf? qifqmrJhtNidrfh
'DAGD'D (106)csyfESifh aiG (25000)odrf;qnf;&rdaMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiH*Dw
tpnf;tHk;0ifrsm;jzpfMuaom aw;oH&Sifrsm;? tEkynm&Sifrsm;? twwf
ynm&Sifrsm;taejzifh jrefrmaw;oDcsif;acG zefwD;xkwfvkyf&mwGif odef;
(400)cefYESifh (2)ESpfcefY umvMumaMumif;? zrf;qD;&rdonfh acG(3000)
csyfay: (1) acG&if;ESD;&aiG odef;(400)jzifh wGufcsufvQifvnf; w&m;NydKif
tay: rsm;jym;rnfjzpf aw;oH&Sifrsm; epfemrItm; odef;(5000)owf
rSwf awmif;qdkygaMumif;? vdkjy(1)OD;rsKd;aqGrS jrefrmEdkifiH*Dwtpnf;
tHk;A[dkwGif b@ma&;rSL;wm0efxrf;aqmifaMumif;? rlydkifcGifhcsKd;azmuf
rI aumfrwDwGif Ou|jzpfaMumif;? aw;oDcsif;acGwpfacGtm; zefwD;
&mwGif odef;(400)xd ukefusNyD; &if;ESD;jrKyfESH&onfh tcsdefumvrSm
(2)ESpfcefYxd jzpfaomfvnf; cdk;ul;acGcsyf (3000)ESifh csdefxdk;Munfhygu
rsm;jym;aomfvnf; jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tHk;tzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh ndEdIif;um

21

pmrsuf E S m 22 ok d Y

ukd oufqkdif&m0efBuD;Xme tBuD;tuJ

rsm;xJokdY pmjzifhvnf;aumif;? tpnf;
ta0;rsm;wG i f v nf ; aumif ; tod a y;
wifjycJhojzifh ,ckuJhokdY zrf;qD;&rdrIrsm;rS
oufaocH taxmuftxm;rsm;? ckdifrm
pGm&&Sdum usL;vGefolrsm;ukd jypfrIaMumif;
qkdif&mt&vnf;aumif;? w&m;repfemrI
qkdif&m t&vnf;aumif; ta&;,laqmif
&Guf rIrsm;ay:aygufvm&jcif;jzpfaMumif;?
jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tkH;0ifrsm;onf
jref r maw;*D w ? jref r maw;oD c sif a cG
wpfacG(okdYr[kwf) jrefrmaw;oDcsif; CD
(okrYd [kw)f VCD(okrYd [kw)f DVD wpfcsyf
xGuf&Sd&ef aiGtm;jzifh odef; 400 cefY
&if ; ES D ; jr K yf E S H & aMumif ; wyf j yNyD ; jzpf
aMumif;? w&m;NydKifxrH S w&m;r0ifu;l ,l
xkwv
f yk jf zefcY sd aom (okrYd [kw)f ck;d ul;,l
xkwfvkyfjzefYcsdaom DVD jrefaw;oDcsif;
csyfa& 3000 csyfukd zrf;qD;&rdaom

2013 jrefrmhyk &f iS x

f ;l cReq
f k 'kw,
d tqifh
pdppfa&G;cs,af &;tzGYJ zGpYJ nf;

oefvsif? ausmufwef;rSm
qifqmrJhacGa&mif;ol zrf;qD;

cdk;ul;owif;ay;&if qkaiGcsD;jrifhrnf

2014 Zlvdkif (29)&uf aeYv,fydkif;u oefvsif? ausmufwef;

tv,fydkif;&yfuGuf ukefonfvrf;ESifh urf;em;vrf;axmifh? vrf;ab;
qdkifudk oufqdkif&mrS &SmazGppfaq;&m w&m;r0if qifqmrJha&mif;cs
aeaom udkjrifharmif (20)ESpf xHrS qifqmrJhacGrsm;ESifh a&mif;cs&aiG
usyf (25000)udk odrf;qD;cJhNyD; ausmufwef;NrdKUr &Jpcef;rS (y)137
2014 yk'fr 32^u^32(c)jzifh trIzGifhxm;aMumif; od&Sd&onf/

YOH

2014 pufwifbm (1)&ufaeYrS tpjyK Face Book wGif cdk;ul;

owif;ay; page zGifhvSpfoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; "mwfyHkdkufay;ydkYrnfqdkygu
tenf;qHk; qkaiG usyfwpfodef;xd csD;jrifhrnf[k qdkonf/ trIEkdifygu
vnf; &mcdkifEIef;ESifh tcsKd;us cGJa0ay;rnf[kqdkonf/ cdk;ul;eJYywfouf
vdkif;aMu;,laomolrsm;udkvnf; taMumif;Mum;EkdifNyD; cdk;ul;jzefYcsdaom
ae&mrsm;udk awGU&Sdygu zkef; 09 401621522 odkY Hk;csdeftwGif;
owif;ay;ydkYEkdifaMumif; tqdkawmfom;pdk;rS today;ajymMum;xm;onf/
YOH

pmrsuf E S m 21 rS tquf

YOH

2013 jrefrmhkyf&Sifxl;cRefqk 'kwd,tqifh pdppfa&G;cs,fa&;tzGJU

udk OD;ESif;rdk;? OD;atmifjrifhjrwf? OD;vGifrdk;? OD;rD;yGm;? OD;rsKd;rif;? a':rdkYrdkY
jrifhatmif? a':aqGZifxdkuf? OD;zdk;axmif? OD;armifarmifvwf? OD;ol&
(Zm*em)? OD;aqGquf? OD;xGef;atmifaZmf? OD;(pE,m;)aiGpdk;? OD;0if;Nidrf;?
v,fwiG ;f om;OD;apmcspf? a':EkE&k nf(tif;0)? OD;cspfoef;jrif?h OD;jrifah qmif?
OD;wifatmif? a':xufxufrdk;OD;? OD;at;MuLav;wdkY yg0ifaMumif; od&Sd
&onf/

wpfcsyfvQif (2)odef;0ef;usifowfrSwf odef;(5000)&vdkrI pGJqdkjcif;jzpf

aMumif;? vdkjy(2) pdk;rGefatmif(c)om;pdk;rSvnf; jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;
tHk;A[dkwGif acwfopf *DwtvTmpnf;Hk;a&;rSL;jzpfNyD; rlydkifcsKd;azmufrI
umuG,w
f m;qD;a&;wGif twGi;f a&;rSL;wm0efxrf;aqmifaMumif;? zrf;qD;
&rdaom acGtcsyf (3000)wGif (2)odef;0ef;usifowfrSwf odef;(5000)
wdwd&vdkaMumif; pGJqdkjcif;jzpfaMumif;? uRefawmfrSm aw;a&;aw;qdk
wpfOD;jzpf&m uRefawmfxguf&SdaomtacGwGif rEav;NrdKUrS (2)acGom
uRefawmfrh &l if;acGa&mif;&NyD; tqdyk g(2)acGay:wGif OD;xGe;f Edik u
f o
hJ Ykd w&m;
r0if cdk;,la&mif;csolrsm;u 'DAD'DwpfcsyfvQif (300)usyfESifh a&mif;cs
vGefpGmepfemygaMumif;xGufqdkcJhonf/
w&m;rusifhxHk;Oya'trdefY 16? enf; 14 t& Hk;ac:oufao
tjzpf ac:,lppfaq;cJhaom Hk;ac:oufao (1)OD; aZmfxl;atmif jrefrm
EdkifiH*Dwtpnf;tHk;A[dkwGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;rS ,ck w&m;rrIrSm jrefrm
EkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tHk;rS pwifpGJqdkaomtrIjzpfaMumif;? ,ckepfemrIrSm
*Dwavmuom;rsm;\ epfemrI[k ajymrnfjzpfygaMumif;? cdk;ul;acGrsm;
onf &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIr&SdaMumif;? rl&if;acG0,fvQif (2000)usyfjzifh 0,f
,lNyD; if;wd&Yk dS cd;k ,lpufjzifh BudKufoavmufu;l Ekid af Mumif;? ,ck w&m;r
epfemrI ode;f (5000)awmif;jcif;rSm *Dwtpnf;tH;k tvTm(5)vTmtwGuf
awmif;jcif;jzpfaMumif;? Hk;ac:oufao (2) OD;vGifjrifhrS oDcsif;wpfyk'f
xkwfvQif odef; (400)ukefusaMumif;? acGrsm; jyefvnfa&mif;cs&mwGif
(1000)usyf? (1200)usyf? (1700)usyf? (2000)usyfxd jyefvnfa&mif;
csaMumif;? cdk;ul;acGxkwfvkyfolrsm;u (3)csyfaygif; (1000)usyfESifh
a&mif;aMumif;? OD;odef;vdIiftm; wm0efay;jcif;rSm *Dworm;rsm;tm;vHk;
epfemrItwGuf wm0efay;aMumif;? tqdkawmf Nidrf;pnfol oDqdkaom
a&TtdrfpH'dkif,m&DtvGrf; cdk;ul;acG (26)csyf&SdcJh&m if;tqdkawmf Nidrf;
pnfolESifh a&TtdrfpH'dkif,m&DtvGrf; xkwfvkyfolwdkYu *Dwtpnf;tHk;
A[dkodkY if;wdkYepfemrItwGuf w&m;pGJqdkay;yg&ef wifjyrI&Sdygovm;qdk
*Dworm;rsm;rSeforQ uRefawmfwdkYu wm0ef,l&aMumif; if;wdkYudk,f
wdkif pmESifhayESifh wifjyjcif;r&SdygaMumif;? Hk;ac:oufao (3) a':acsm
pkcifrS OD;xGef;EkdifrS uRefr aw;oH7Siftjzpf aqmif&GufcJhaom trSwf(2)
oDcsif;acgif;pOfacG (35)acG cdk;ul;cH&aMumif;? *Dwtpnf;tHk;tzGJU0if
rsm;ajym od&aMumif;? ,cktacGESifhywfouf tcGefrnfrQaqmif&

22

onfudk rrSwfrdaMumif;? oDcsif;acGoDqdk&mwGif (10)odef; tenf;qHk;

ESifh odef; (30) uRefrcHpm;&aMumif;? epfemonfhtay: *Dwtpnf;tHk;
0ifrsm; tpnf;ta0;wGif EIwftm;jzifh wifjyxm;ygaMumif;? Hk;ac:ouf
ao(4)a':yd;k tdprH S *Dwtpnf;tH;k A[drk S OD;xGe;f Ekid t
f ay: w&m;raMumif;
w&m;pGJqdkonfrSm *Dwavmuom;rsm;twGuf epfemaMu;tjzpf &vdkrI
pGJqdkxm;onf[k od&aMumif;? oDcsif;acG (1)acGjzpf&ef odef; (400)
ukefusaMumif;ESifh ESif;qDacG cdk;ul;cH&onfhtwGuf epfemrIonf udef;
*Pef;jzifh rSef;qr&aMumif;? tpnf;ta0;wGif ajymqdkcJhMujcif;jzpf
aMumif;? Hk;ac:oufao (4) OD;&if*dkrS ,cktrIpGJqdkrnfudk *Dwtpnf;
tHk; tpnf;ta0;wufonfh umvu od&aMumif;? oDcsif;acG (25)csyf
cdk;ul;cH&jcif;ESifhywfouf qHk;HI;rIrSm oDqdkol if;wpfOD;wnf;omru
xkwv
f yk o
f ?l wD;0dik ;f pufyikd ;f qdik &f m? okyaf qmif? oDcsif;a&;olrsm;vnf;
yg0ifaMumif;? Hk;ac:oufao (5) a':pdk;pEmxGef;rS OD;xGef;Ekdiftm;
w&m; pGJqdkonfudk jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tHk;tpnf;ta0;wGif ajymjy
od& aMumif;? cd;k ul;acGrsm;&Sv
d m uRefrwdYk wpfavmuvH;k epfemaMumif;?
aw;pD;&D;wpfcx
k w
k v
f yk &f ef xkwv
f yk o
f rl mS ode;f (300)cefY ukeu
f saMumif;?
,cktrIpq
JG jkd cif;twGuf oabmwlncD suftm; *Dwtpnf;tH;k wGif ay;cJh
aMumif; xGufqdkcJhonf/
w&m;vdk jrefrmEdkifiH *Dwtpnf;tHk;(A[dk)onf w&m;NydKif OD;xGef;
Ekdif(xGef;Ekdif Mobile Phone ESifh DVD acGta&mif;qdkif)rS w&m;r0if
cdk;ul;acG (3000)csyf zrf;qD;&rdjcif;tay: wpfcsyfvQif (2)odef;0ef;usif
wGufcsuf usyfodef; (5000)epfemrI&vdkaMumif; tqdkjyKawmif;qdk
onf/ usyfodef; (5000)epfemjcif;rSm jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tHk;(A[dk)
\ tvTm(5)vTmtwGuf awmif;qdkjcif;jzpfaMumif; aw;oDcsif; (1)acG
xkwfvkyfvQif odef;(400)cefY ukefusaMumif; tcsdeftm;jzifh (2)ESpfcefY
tcsdefMumjrifhaMumif;wdkYyg wifjy epfemrIawmif;qdkjcif;jzpfayonf/
w&m;NydKif OD;xGef;EkdifxHrS odrf;qnf;&rdaom w&m;r0ifacG (3000)
csyfrSm w&m;vdkbufwifjyaom (3)acG (1000)usyfEIef;a&mif;csonf[k
tqdkjyKcsuft& w&m;NydKifonf aiG(10)odef;cefY &Ekdifayonf/
odkYjzpf&m w&m;NydKif OD;xGef;EkdifxHrS odrf;qnf;&rdaomacG (3000)
csyftay:wGif w&m;vdktqdkjyKaom usyfodef; (5000)epfemrIay;&efrSm
w&m;rQwrIjzpfEkdifacsr&Sdovdk w&m;vdkbufwifjyaom (1)acGxkwfvQif

odef;(400)ukefusaMumif; wifjyaejcif;t&vnf; epfemaMu;udk wGuf

csufay;&efvnf; oifhrnfr[kwfay/ w&m;NydKif OD;xGef;EkdifuJhodkY cdk;ul;
acGa&mif;csrIrsm;rSm EkdifiHt0Srf; &SdEdkifayonfjzpf&m cdk;ul;acGzrf;qD;cH&
onfh w&m;NydKifOD;xGef;Ekdiftay:wGif w&m;vdkbuf wifjyaom odef;
(5000)epfemrI oufomcGifhay;&ef oifhrnfr[kwfay/
w&m;vdkwifjycsuft& w&m;NydKifOD;xGef;EkdifxHrS cdk;ul;acG csyf
(3000)pm&if;tm; pdppf&m DVD odrf;qnf;&acGrSm (2942)csyfjzpf
tqdkawmfrSm (71)OD;&SdNyD; tqdkawmf (71)OD;\ rl&if;acG (93)csyfjzpf
aMumif; awGU&ayonf/ xdkrl&if;acGwGif (93)csyftay: w&m;NydKif OD;
xGef;Ekdif(1)acGvQif (10)odef; cHpm;&Ekdifonf[k owfrSwfwGufcsufrnf
qdyk gu acG (93)csyftay: w&m;NydKifO;D xGe;f Ekid o
f nf (1)acGvQif (11)ode;f
cHpm;&Ekid o
f nf[k owfrw
S w
f u
G cf sufrnfqykd gu acG (93)csyfrS usyfoed ;f
(930)cHpm;cJhonf/ aumuf,l w&m;vdk\ epfemrIudk owfrSwfay;&ef
jzpfayonf/
odkYjzpfyg w&m;vdk jrefrmEkdifiH*Dwtpnf;tHk;(A[dk) (if;\ tcGifh
&udk,fpm;vS,fOD;odef;vdIif)onf w&m;NydKifOD;xGef;EdkifxHrS epfemaMu;aiG
usyfodef;(930)&xdkufcGifh&SdaMumif; p&dwfESifhwuG wpfzufowf tEkdif
'Du&DcsrSwfonf/
yHk
(pdk;pdk;)
wG J z uf c d k i f w &m;ol B uD ; (1)
rE a v;cd k i f w &m;H k ;
tqdyk gcd;k ul;trIonf rEav;wGif MuefMY umaejcif;tay: Ekid if aH wmf
orwBuD;ESifh tEkynm&Sifrsm; awGUqHkyGJwGif *Dwtpnf;tHk;Ou|
tqdk awmfOD;wifOD;av;rS wifjycJhjcif;\ &v'faumif;[k od&Sd&NyD;
EkdifiHawmf orwBuD;rS kyf&Siform;rsm;twGuf jyifOD;vGifwGif ajr{u
(20) *&Hay;xm;NyD; &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; vSnf;ul;bufwGifvnf;
ajr{u (50) 0ef;usif csay;Ekdif&ef pDpOfvsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf/
obiform;rsm; vuf&Sd Hk;pdkuf&m obiftpnf;tHk; Hk;cef;ae&mtm;
jyefvnfaqmuf vkyfay;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; a':EGJUEGJUpef;rS xkwfazmf
ajymMum;cJhonf/

oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;OD;aqmifrIjzifh
[krvif;oDw*lpuKaq;kHwGif
vnfyifBuD;a&m*ga0'em&Sifrsm;
tar&duef[m0kdif&Dtxl;uktzGJY
cGJpdyfukoay;rnf
ppfukdif;wkdif;a'oBuD;? [krvif;NrdKU&Sd oDw*lpuKaq;kHopfBuD;wGif
oDw*lq&mawmfbk&m;OD;aqmifrIjzifh 2014 Mo*kwf 11 &ufrS Mo*kwf
18 &ufaeYtxd rsufpda&m*ga0'em&Sifrsm;tm; ukoay;rnfjzpfNyD;
vnfyif;BuD;a0'em&Sirf sm;tm; tar&duef[m0kid &f t
D xl;ukorm;awmfBuD;
rsm;rS 2014 Mo*kwf 22 &ufrS Mo*kwf 28 &uftxd cGJpdyfukoay;rnf
[k qkdonf/

YOH

jrefrmEkdifiHowif;pmq&mtoif;BuD;\ yxrtBudrfoufBuD;owif;pmq&mBuD;rsm; ylaZmfuefawmUyGJ

&efukefNrdKYawmfcef;rwGif usif;yrnf
jref r mEk d i f i H o wif ; pmq&mtoif ; BuD ; \ yxrtBud r f o uf B uD ;
owif;pmq&mBuD;rsm; ylaZmfuefawmhyGJukd 2014 Ekd0ifbmwGif &efukef
NrdKUawmfcef;r usif;y&efpDpOfndEIdif;wifjyxm;aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
tylaZmfcHrnfh oufBuD;owif;pmq&mBuD;rsm;onf touf 75
ESpfjynfhNyD;? owif;pmynmjzifh toufarG;0rf;aMumif;jyKcJhol(t,f'Dwm?
owif;axmuf? owif;"mwfykHq&m)jzpf&rnf/ (jrefrmEkdifiHowif;pm
q&mtoif; MJA toif;0ifjzpf&ef rvdktyfyg/) oufBuD;owif;pm
q&mBuD;rsm;\ ukd,fa&;tcsuftvufrsm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhaom
owif;Xme owif;pm? *sme,frsm;ukd a&;om;azmfjyNyD; Ekid if o
H m;pdppfa&;
uwf rdwLwpfpkH? "mwfykHESpfykHukd oufBuD;owif;pmq&mBuD;rsm;\
rdom;pkrsm;? oufBuD;owif;pmq&mBuD;rsm;ESifh cifrif&if;ESD;aom eD;pyf
&m rdwaf qG? owif;pmq&mtokid ;f t0kid ;f rsm;onf oufqidk &f mjynfe,f?
wkdif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESifh NrdKUe,frsm;\ owif;pmq&mtoif;rsm;rS wqifh
aomfvnf;aumif;? yxrtBudrfoufBuD;owif;pmq&mBuD;rsm; ylaZmf
uefawmhyGJusif;ya&;aumfrwD jrefrmEkdifiHowif;pmq&mtoif;(A[kd)
tcef; 603? trSwf 173^175? yef;qk;d wef;vrf;? ausmufww
H m;NrdKUe,f?
&efuek w
f idk ;f a'oBuD;odYk 2014 Mo*kwv
f 15 &ufaeY aemufq;Hk xm;ay;ykYd
Muyg&ef wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfxm;aMumif; od&Sd&onf/

YOH

(8) av;vH;k ta&;awmfyHk (26)ESpjf ynft

U crf;tem;
&ef u k e f Mo*k w f 8
(8)av;vHk;ta&;awmfyHk (26)ESpfjynfhtcrf;tem;udk Mo*kwfv(8)
&ufaeYu &efukef? oCFef;uRef;NrdKUe,fusif;ycJhNyD; trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD
tzGJUcsKyfem,uBuD; OD;wifOD; wufa&mufcJhonf/
(88)rsKd;quf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; pkpnf;usif;ycJhonfh
,if; tcrf;tem;udk trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfOu| a':atmifqef;pk
Munfudk zdwfMum;cJhaomfvnf; wufa&mufvmcJhjcif;r&Sday/ em,uBuD;
OD;wifOD;u (8)av;vHk;ta&;awmfyHk tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk jyefvnfajymjy
cJhNyD; 'Drkdua&pDa&;twGuf qufvufBudK;yrf;Mu&OD;rnfjzpfaMumif;
ajymMum;cJhonf/
(8)av;vH;k ta&;awmfykH (26)ESpjf ynft
h crf;tem;udk oHCmawmfrsm;
jynfwGif;jynfyrS EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;? wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;
wufa&mufcJhMuNyD; rwufa&mufEkdifonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;uvnf;
o0PfvTmrsm; ay;ydkYcJhonf/ 'Drkdu&ufwpfzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ay:
aygufEkdifa&;twGuf 'Drkdua&pDjynfh0aom zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jzpf
ay:a&;ESifh jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf qufvufBudK;pm;taumif
txnfazmfoGm;Mu&ef ,if;tcrf;tem; xkwfjyefaMunmonf/
apmzd k ; cG m ;
Photo-zd k ; cG m ;

NLD em,uBu;D OD;wifO;D

wufa&muf

qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

23

q&mAkdvfxGef;Munf(rkH&Gm)\ 19882000 tykdif;onf ,ckuJhodkY 8888 (26)ESpf

jynfhumvwGif ar;cGef;xkwf&efrsm;jym;aeyg
vdrfhrnf/
1988-2000 ESpf? jrefrmEdkifiHa&;jzpfpOf
xl;jcm;rI&ufpGJrSwfwrf;rsm;wGif ]]6-11-90?
e0w ppfwyfrsm;\ ESrd ef if;rIaMumifh rEav;rS
oHCmawmf tyg; 200 cefYtygt0if oHCm
awmftyg; 350 cefY e,fpyfodkY xGufajy;
wd r f ; a&S m if v mMuonf / }}vd k Y azmf j yxm;
wmMunf h & if uRef a wmf h o abmxm;ud k
aumif;aumif;odEkdifygw,f/ uRefawmfom
zdzdpD;pD;vkyf&if 'DavmufvGwfroGm;Ekdifygbl;/
tenf;qHk; wpf0ufavmufawmh zrf;rdrSmyg/
aemuf tJ'DrSwfwrf;rSmyJ ]]23-1190? e0w ppfwyfrsm;onf rEav;NrdKU&Sd
bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif; 133 ausmif;tm;
0if a &muf p D ; eif ; NyD ; &[ef ; ? oH C mawmf
tcsKdUtm; zrf;qD; ausmif;wdkufwcsKdUtm;
ydwf ypfvdkfufaMumif;? e0wrS aMunmonf/
}}[k yg&Sdonf/ &ufpGJMunfhvQif uRefawmfh
wyfawG 0if&Sif;wmu 23 &uf/ uRefawmf
r&Sif;cif v0ufavmufuwnf;u oHCm
awmfawGu e,fpyfa&mufaeNyD/ uRefawmf
twif;0ifa&mufrzrf;/ wpfzufu 0dkif;xm;
NyD; wpfzufwGif xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifEkdif
atmif *,faygufay;xm;jcif;jzpfonfudk
odEidk o
f nf/ uRefawmfu,
kd w
f ikd u
f ,
kd u
f rzrf;
csif/ rEav;rSm r&Sd/ rEav;rSm qefY usifrI
qufvkyfraevQif auseyfjzpfonf/
q&mAkv
d x
f eG ;f Munf(rk&H mG )u olu,
dk w
f idk f
rzrf;csif[kqdkxm;&m? axmufvSrf;a&;u
zrf;csifzrf;? axmifcscsifaxmifcs olESifhawmh
jzifh vm;vm;rSrqkdif[k qkd&rnfvm; rajym
wwf? rEav;rSmqefYusifrI qufvkyfrae
,cif t ywf r S tquf
q&mAkdvfxGef;Munf(rkH&Gm)xHrS ajzMum;jcif; rjyKao;aom ar;cGef;
rsm;ESihfywfouf ar;jref;Muonfh pmzwfy&dowfrsm;\ csOfjcif;udk
av;pm;aomfvnf; bmrSrwwfEkdifyg/ okdYaomf rdrdtaeESifh a0zefp&m
&Sdwm a0zefyg[laom q&mAkdvfxGef;Munf(rkH&Gm)\ BuKdqkdrIaMumifh rdrd
od&Sdvdkonfrsm;ukd pmrsufESmay:rS qufvufar;jref;vkduf&ygonf/
pma&;ol

24

vQif auseyfjzpfonf[k qkdxm;jyef&m? rEav;wGif 1988 ckESpf

aemufyidk ;f Ekid if aH &;vIy&f mS ;rI zdEydS cf sKyfcs,fzrf;qD;owf jzwfaxmifcsrIrsm;
onf rnfolUwm0efjzpfrnfqkdjcif;u pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;vSacs onf/
8888 (26)ESpfjynfhumvwGif 1988 vlxktkH<urIukd rnfolawGu
trd e f Y a y; rnf o l a wG u ES d r f e if ; cJ h b d o enf ; / w&m;cH u m;vG w f
ajrmufaeqJayyJvm; .../ odcsifvSacs\/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

ykZGefawmif a':urvm;(c)rat;jrifhxHrS
qifqmrJhEkdifiHjcm;Zmwfvrf;wGJacGrsm;
zrf;qD;&rd
2014 Zlvkdif 30 &uf aeYv,fykdif;u &efukef ykZGefawmifNrdKUe,f
2 &ufuGuf taemf&xmvrf; trSwf 43 bD? yxrxyf&Sd a':urvm;
(c)rat;jrif\
h Power tacGimS ;&rf;qkid rf S qifqmrJEh idk if jH cm;Zmwfvrf;wGJ
tacGrsm;ukd a&mifpkHyvyfpwpfjcif; 28 jcif;ukd oufqkdif&mrS zrf;qD;&
&SdcJhNyD; ykZGefawmifNrdKUr&Jpcef;wGif (y)148 2014 yk'fr 32(u) 2(c)
wkdYjzifh trIzGifhta&;,lxm;aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
YOH

,cif t ywf r S tquf

wcsdKUewfuawmfrsm;u emrnfBuD;vmNyD; rxdef;Edkifbl;av/

usqHk;oGm;Muw,f/ ysufpD;oGm;Muw,f/ odkYaomf &efukef0if;
vd I i f o nf w&d y f & d y f w uf a ew,f / aT a wG v nf ; rsm;rsm;vm
w,f / bmaMumif h v J /
'ge? oDv? bm0emqdkwJh uGsefawmfhtaeeJYuawmh 'g
twdwu
f taMumif;awGvnf; ygrSmaygh/ uk,
d &hf UJ 'gersdK;aphvnf;jzpf
w,f/ rSdawmh rvSL? rvSLawmhrSd/ SdawmhvSL? vSLawmhSd/
aeYpOfaumif;rIBudK;pm;jyK? vpOfaumif;rIBudK;pm;jyK?
ESpfpOfaumif;rIBudK;pm;jyKqdkwJhtcgrSm t"duu
awmh 'gerIaygh/ 'gerIukd a&mufwJht&yfrSm
uGsefawmf tNrJjyKaewJt
h wGuf tJonf'h gersdK;aph
awGu zl;yGifhvmw,fvdkY uGsefawmfu bk&m;
a'oemt& tJ'gukd vufcH,HkMunfygw,f/
&ef u k e f 0 if ; vI d i f u ajymr,f q d k & if
rdef;rvsmvdkYajymvdkY&vm;/
tJ'gawGawmh rxnfhygeJY/ NyD;wJh[m
wa*;a*;(gay) ygukef&ifawmh *Grf;NyD/ (&,fvsuf)
ewf u awmf a wmf a wmf r sm;rsm;onf bmaMumif h rd e f ; rvsmawG
jzpf a eMuwmvJ / tJ ' god c sif w ,f /
tpfukd&,f U U U tJ'gawmh rar;ygeJY/ tJ'gar;&if pdwfnpfvdkY/
[dkwpfcgvnf; jrefrmwdkif;rfxJrSmav/ gay wpfa,mufayr,fhwJh?
d v
f nf; r[kwb
f ;l
b0&if;ES;D oD;oeft
Y m;uk;d &wJh gay,gay qdNk yD;awmh/ uk,
vm;qdkawmh [kwfw,fav/ wdkif;odjynfod qdkif;bkwfBuD;eJY av/
y&dowf olU[mol mPftodeJYyJ rSef;qMunfhMuygap/
od c sif w mu bmaMumif h U U U /
tpfukd tJonfhpum;rsdK;ajymawmh wpfcgwpfcgusawmh uGsefawmf
ajymwJhpum;uawmh uGsefawmfhtlxJrSmav jzLjzLav;eJYSif;Sif;av;
ajymvdu
k w
f m/ 'gayr,fh olrsm;xdcu
kd o
f vdrk sdK;jzpfwt
hJ wGuf ajym&rSmav
t&rf;tm;emygw,f/ i,fi,fwkef;uawmh ajymcJhygw,f/ [dkaeY[dkaeY
wkef;uvnf; ajymcJhygw,f/ 'DaeYvnf; ajymr,fqdk&ifawmh ajymvdkY&yg
w,f/ ukdjrwfcdkifqdkwm uGsefawmfhtpfukdwpfa,mufygyJ/ ausmif;wkef;u
twef ; yk d B uD ; cJ h w J h t pf u k d w pf a ,muf q d k a wmh tpf u k d e J Y n D a v;vd k
ar;r,fqdk&ifawmhajymjyr,f/ pmxJawmh xnfhra&;ygeJY/
r[k w f b l ; / od c sif w mu U U U /
tpfukdodcsif&ifajymjyr,f/ xnfhra&;eJY/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh
ewf q d k w m tpf u k d & ,f (37)
rif;ewfxJrSm rdef;ru jzpfwJh
ewf y gw,f / a,muf s m;uae
jzpfwJhewfygw,f/ [kwfw,f
aemf/ tck rdef;rwpf a,mufu
aexNyD ; awmh uk d B uD ; ausmf u
r,fqdk&if olUrSmygwJhtykdypnf;
awGeJY olUrSm ukdBuD;ausmfeJYwlyg
awmhrvm;/ wlrvm;/ rwlawmh
bl;aemf/ a,mufsm;wpfa,muf
u xujyefawmhvnf; olUrSm
oefrmrIawGSdaeawmh EGJUyHkvsyHk
u rd e f ; reJ Y w l y gh r vm;/ uG s ef
awmf w d k Y u sawmh uk d B uD ; ausmf
usawmh [Jh a,mufsm;vdkY/ rdef;r
vkduawmh EGJUcsvdkufawmh atmf
wd k r pf w pf a ygh / 'gawG u ES p f c k p vH k ; u ynmygNyD ; om;av/ ck e u
rde;f rewfuwJt
h cg tpdr;f rjzpfb;l ? a,mufsm;ewfuvnf; tpdr;f rjzpfb;l /
uGsefawmfwkdY usawmh U U U/ tpfukd oabmaygufNyDaemf/ tJ'gygyJ/
tJ'gawGajzcJh wmrsm;ygNyD/

tck ewf u em;awG a wmf a wmf r sm;rsm;rS m oD c sif ; awG a jymif ;

vmwmawG U &w,f /
[kwfw,f/
b,fvdkaMumifhajymif;vmwmvJ/

tpfukd&,f rSefwmajym&r,fqdk&if tefwDwdk;awmif pmxJrSm

uGsefawmfhukda&;ay;xm;w,f/ acwfumvay:oDcsif;awGeJY ylaZmfygr,f?
yoygr,f/ wu,fhwu,fusawmh tif;0acwfaumif;pm;wJhtcsdefrSm
tif ; 0pmqd k S i f a wG u tif ; 0*D w awG e J Y quf o G i f ; Muw,f a v/
ukef;abmifaumif;pm;vmawmh ukef;abmifacwfeJY quf
oGif;Muw,f/ rSwfwrf;awGSdw,f/ odkYygaomfjim;vnf;
(37) rif;qdkwm &mZ0ifqdkwJh/ tukefvHk;onf &mZ
r[kwfMubl;/ rif; cpm;Sdw,f/ Oyrm xD;jzLaqmif;qdk&if ajym
vdkY&w,f/ uGrf;aqmfrif;/ Sifbk&ifu jzpfcJhwm/ 'gayr,fh tEkynm
rxGef;um;ao;wJhtcsdefjzpfwJhewf/ yk*Hacwfu awmifjyKef;rif;vuf
xufu oDcsif;udk qdkygqdk&if yk*HwD;vHk;eJYyJuvdkY&r,f/ ayguHacwfu
wD ; vH k ; eJ Y / umva'oaG U avsmvmawmh eef ; Mumnd K acsmeJ Y v nf ;
wD;csifwD;r,f/ r[m*DwxJu/ bkef;qifhqifhwdk;eJYvnf; wD;r,f/
ref;awmifvuf,meJYvnf; wD;r,f/ olUacwfrSm oleJYqdkifyghrvm;/
aemufacwfu oDcsif;awGvdkY oGm;ajymvdkYr&bl;av/ wl&d,mig;jzmeJY
avsmfuefESpfoufr,fh bkef;awmfbGJUvdkrsdK;? aysmfTifp&moDcsif;av;vdkrsdK;?
Oyrm vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfr,fh r*FvmSdwJhoDcsif;rsdK;awG 'gawGaG;
cs,fNyD;awmh xkwfEkwfNyD; ylaZmfvdkYSd&if jzpfygw,f/ t&ifwkef;u
uGsefawmfwkdYuav;b0wkef;u bmajymrvJqdk&if ewfylaZmfr,fqdk&if
wdef wdef wdefYwdefY U U U yl;edrf;aAsmifqdkNyD; U U U / ykym;r,fawmfusvdkYSd&if
*sd r f ; qd k N yD ; ua&mif ; xk d u f v d k u f w ,f / ua&mif ; xk d u f v d k u f a wmh
ewfuawmfu a'gif;awmifukdifNyD; xckefvdkufw,f/ wcsdKUqdk&if
a'gif;awmifrygwJhtwGuf opmyef;eJYoajyyef;eJYukdifNyD; *sdef;qdkNyD;
bDvl;vdk xckefvkdufw,f/ tJonfawmh tpfukd tEkynmavmurSm
*DwzcifBuD;at0rf;cifarmifqdkwm tpfukdMum;zl;rSmaygh/ tu,f'rDOD;
0if ; OD ; wd k Y ? &J a bmf o uf S n f w d k Y u aowJ h t xd at0rf ; cif a rmif u k d
pyGefqmay;w,f/ olu ykym;r,fawmfuwm wtm;vSwm/ olu
r[m*DwxJu *sdef; *sdef; *sdef;qdkNyD;awmh bDvl;qdkif;? ,uqdkif;ukd
&D&Dqdkif;qdkif; rdIif;rdIif;rIefjym rdk;xdrdk;a'0g U U U 0g;vufuav;eJY
aomhNyD;awmh tjrL;av;wD;vdkufawmh r[m*Dwukd 0g;vufuav;eJY
taomhav;wD;vdkufwJhtcgusawmh ykym;r,fawmf bDvl; *sdef; *sdef;
*sdef; rjzpfawmhbJ vleJYbDvl; uvdkYaumif;oGm;w,f/ *DwynmSifawG
zefw;D wm/ uGseaf wmfqv
kd Ykd &dS ifvnf; tpfudk Mum;zl;rSmyg/ taMumif;qH&k if
tv,fwpfacgufvma&mufapcsifwm U U U NzdK;jzarSmif&Doef; U U U
kd;rawmifajcwef; U U U 'gu ewfoDcsif;xJ xnfhqdkr,fqdk tpfukdtck
vwfwavmpOf;pm;Munfh/ qdkifr
vm;/ rqdkifbl;/ odkYaomf tazBuD;
wdkYGmukd 0ifjyefawmh ulvDeef;awmf
omom,m,m U U U taemuf
bufrSm Ak'SifawmftarGtESpf U U
U pnf o l S i f b k & m;S d w m U U U
jrpfrif;udE&m csif;wGif;jrpfurf;ajc
rSm U U U tazBuD;wdkYGm omom
,m,m/ uGsefawmfvnf; *DwawG
0goemygawmh 'gav;ukd qGJxkwf
oH k ; vd k u f a wmh ewf o D c sif ; r[k w f
aomf j im;vnf ; ravsmf u ef o G m ;
bl;vm;/ 'gav;ygyJ/
t J o n f a w m h version
ajymif ; vd k u f w maygh /
'gygyJ/
aus;Zl ; yg/

obm0ywf0ef;usipf rd ;f vef;pdak jya&; opfyifpu

kd yf sK;d jcif;ESihf tvSLaiGay;tyfyu
JG si;f y
obm0ywf 0 ef ; usif p d r f ; vef ; pd k a jya&; opf y if p d k u f y sKd ; jcif ; ES i f h
tvSLaiGay;tyfyGJudk 2014 ckESpf Mo*kwfv (2)&ufaeYu wdkufBuD;NrdKU
e,f? z'Hkaus;&Gm? a&TNrdKifom,m &GmtwGif;&Sd ajr{u (20)wGif opfyif
rsm; pdkufysKd;&ef aiGusyf odef;wpf&may;tyfvSL'gef;yGJ jyKvkyfcJhonf/
City Love & Hope Foundation taejzifh obm0ywf0ef;usifu@
wGif trsm;jynfolrsm;udk obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;todynm?
obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;&ef vdktyfcsufrsm; tp&Sdaom todynm
ay;vkyfief;rsm;udk a&&SnfpDrHudef;taejzifh qufvufjyKvkyfoGm;&ef
2014 ckESpf arv (26)&ufrS Zlvdkifv (10)&ufaeYtxd Helping Our
Earth Stay Healthy acgif;pOfjzifh ]]wdkYurmajrusef;rmzdkY 0dkif;0ef;ulnD
apmifha&SmufMuygpdkY}}yvufpwpftdwfoHk;pGJrI avQmhcsa&;tpDtpOfudk
usif;yjyKvkycf NhJ yD; ,if;umvtwGi;f City Mart Supermarket ESihf Ocean
Supercenter qdkifcGJrsm;rS a&mif;cs&aom Reusable Bag (50)&mcdkifEIef;\
a&mif;&aiGrsm;rS tjrwfaiGrsm;tm;vHk;udk ajr{u(20)wGif opfyifrsm;
(15480)pdkufysKd;&ef aiGusyfodef;wpf&mudk obm0ywf0ef;usifpdrf;vef;
pdkajya&;twGuf tav;xm;aqmif&GufaeMuaom FREDA tzGJUtpnf;
odkY vSL'gef;cJhNyD;jzpfaMumif;od&onf/
xdkYjyif FREDA \ pDrHcefYcGJrIjzifh 2011 ckESpfwGif a&TjynfomNrdKU

e,frsm;wGif opfyif oHk;axmifcefYpdkufNyD;cJhNyD; 2012 ckESpfwGif &efukef

wdkif;twGif;&Sd opfyifBuD;i,ft&G,ftvwf wpfaomif;oHk;axmifausmf

udk pdu
k yf sKd;Ekid cf u
hJ m 2013 ckEpS w
f iG f axmufMuefNY rdKUteD; ajr{u (30)
ESifh opfyifpkpkaygif; (12500)udk pdkufysKd;EkdifcJhaMumif;od&onf/ TTM

25

ukdjrwfckdifa&
jrefrmEkid if &H UJ orwrsm;taMumif;a&;xm;wJph mtkyEf pS t
f yk &f xm;av
awmh 'DtaMumif;a&;csifwmygAsm/ ,ciftywfu ]zkdifbm;rm;}vJ
a&;cJhw,f/ zkdifbm;rm;ukd,fwkdifuvnf; jrefrmEkdifiH&JUorwwpfOD;
jzpfavawmh 'DtaMumif;eJYqufpyfNyD;vnf; zwfapcsifygw,f
ukdjrwfckdif/ 'Dae&mrSm jrefrmEkdifiH&JUorwawGtaMumif; jyefa&;
wJhtcg cufwmuwpfck? vG,fwmuwpfckvnf;jzpfaeygw,f/
vG,fwmwpfckuawmh (1948)ckESpf yxrqHk;orwjzpfcJhwJhyk*dKvf
upNyD; (88)ta&;tcif;rSm orwawGjzpfwJhtxd wpfOD;wpf
a,mufrSr&Sdawmhygbl;/ ckvuf&Sd orwOD;odef;pdefuvnf; raeY
waeYurS orwjzpfvmw,f/ vuf&Sdwkdif;jynftajctaeeJYvkyf
aqmifyHkawGukdMunfh&ifvnf; ckxd r,fr,f&&eJYxl;xl;jcm;jcm;ajym
p&mr&Sdao;ygbl;/ 'DtwGufu vG,fwmyg/ rvG,fwmuAsm ppf
tmPmodrf;NyD;wJhaemuf orwawGjzpfvmMuawmh olwkdYtaMumif;
rsm;ajym&if;a&;&if (1) ppfwyfeJYppfacgif;aqmifawG u BudKufMuygh
rvm;? (2) vTwfawmfOu|BuD;eJYtpkd;&tzGJU0ifawG BudKuf rSBudKuf
Murvm;? (3) ppfAkdvfuae vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fawGjzpfvm
wJh(rdwfaqGBuD; OD;vSa&T)tygt0ifayghAsm/ BudKufrSBudKufMurvm;/
'gaMumifh 'gu cufwmwpfckyg/
a&;zk d Y o m;zk d Y v G , f w muawmh ]jref r mjynf & J U or w rsm;}
twKywdukd a&;om;olu ]uavmif0Suf}eJYqkdawmh ]aeomorSav
nm u}qkNd yD;
xkwaf &;vdu
k f k H
ygyJ/ ]ESpfaygif;
av;q,fumv
Ek d i f i H a wmf o r w rsm;}
(1948-1988)uk d a&;
wJhyk*dKvfuawmh pma&;q&m
trnfeJYa&;avawmh ukd,fjzpf
uk d , f c H a ygh / uk d , f a &;uk d , f & S i f ;
ayghAsm/ 'gawmifrS jrefrmorw
pm&if ; xJ r S m OD ; pd e f v G i f v uf x uf r S m
'kwd,orwjzpfcJhvkdY? a'gufwm armifarmif
vufxufxd &ufowywfMumwm0ef,lcJh&vkdY
qkdNyD; 'kwd, orwwpfOD;ukdvnf; pma&;q&m
BuD;u jrefrmorw&SpfOD;jynfhatmif xnfhxm;ay;
oukdAsm/ at;av 'gawGukdz,fvdkuf&Sif;vdkufNyD; a&;&if
vnf;jzpfygw,f/ tcuftcJr&SdaMumif;ajymvkdY&w,fayghAsm/
'gayr,f h wpf c k & S d a eao;wmu tJ ' D p mtk y f E S p f t k y f v H k ; [m
(2011)ck Ekd0ifbmqkd NyD; pmtkyfuxkwfa0vmcJhNyD; pmtkyfuawmh
(2011)ckomygvmw,f/ vawGygrvmbl;/ NyD;awmhAsm pma&;q&m
BuD;&JUpmtkyfrSmu a'gufwm armifarmiftaMumif;azmfjywJhtcgrSm
tukd;tum;awGu pmtkyfeJYawmif rvdkufEkdifatmif&Sdygw,f/ 'DMum;
xJu emrnf0Suf(uavmif0Suf) q&mu wpfyef;omoGm;wmu olU
pmtkyfxJrSm orwOD;odef;pdeftaMumif;xdatmif xnfhoGif;EkdifcJhjcif;
yJjzpfygw,f/
ukdjrwfckdifa&
'DpmtkyfESpftkyfu b,folu eHygwfwpf? b,folu eHygwfESpfqkd
wmawmh uRefawmfrodygbl; ukdjrwfckdif/ 0,fcJhwmuvnf; yef;qkd;wef;
]pme,fZif;}pmtkyq
f idk u
f uk;d Asm/ a&;wJo
h el x
YJ w
k af 0wJo
h al wGom tjynfh
tpHkodMurSmyg/ uRefawmfajymcsifwmwpfckuawmh a&;wJholESpfOD;yJjzpf
ap? xkwfa0wJhpmtkyfwdkufESpfckyJjzpfap 'DpmtkyfrsKd;u 'Davmuf
tavmoHk;q,fa&;p&m? xkwfp&mrvkdwJhpmtkyfrsKd;ygAsm/ bmaMumifh
vJqkdawmh 'DtmPmodrf;wJhZmwfvrf;rSm orwawGjzpfMuwJhyk*dKvfawG
&JUZmwfvrf;u rqHk;ao;bl;Asm/ NyD;awmh 'DtcsdefrSm orwvkdYtajymcH
&wJhyk*dKvftcsKdUqkd&if xrif;tkd;wpftkd;wnfoavmufyJMumw,f/ tcsKdU
orwusjyefawmhvnf; Hk;awGrSmawmif "mwfyHkrcsdwfvdkuf&ygbl;
ukdjrwfckdif&,f/
(2)
ukdjrwfckdifa&
jrefrmEkdifiHuorwawGtaMumif;ajym&if w&m;vJusp&maumif;
ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ta&SUykdif;rSm cufwmwpfck? vG,fwmwpfckvkdY
uRefawmfajymcJh&wmyg/ 'Dudpu ukd,frSr[kwfygbl; tjcm;ppfwyfu
tmPmodrf;wJhEkdifiHawGrSmvnf; 'DvkdyJjzpfMuygw,f/ Oyrmajym&&if
zdvpfyidk u
f rm;uk;d (pf)? tif'edk ;D &Sm;u ql[mwk?Yd ygupwefu tmPmodr;f
ppfacgif;aqmifawGtm;vHk;ygyJAsm/ orwvkdYawmif ac:&rSmcufvkdY
ppfwyfu&,lxm;wJh &mxl;awGyJ ac:Muygw,f/ 'gxuf yGifhyGif;vif;
vif;ajym&&ifawmhAsm orwukdrqkdxm;eJY 0efBuD;csKyfvkyfcJhMuwJh
OD;cifGefY? OD;armifarmifc? OD;xGef;wifwkdYukdawmif jrefrmawGu
0efBuD;csKyfeJYcHwGif;rawGUvkdY AkdvfcsKyfcifGefY? AkdvfrSL;BuD;armifarmifc?

26

Ak d v f r S L ;BuD ; xG e f ; wif
pojzifh ac:
ouk d ; Asm/ vl e J Y t pOf
tvmouf a rG ;
0rf;ausmif;rI[m 'GefwGJ ae
wmukd; ukdjrwfckdif/
bmyJajymajymaygh ukdjrwf
ckid /f jrefrmEkid if &H UJ yxr
qHk;orwjzpf cJhwJh pyfa&Tokduu
f
olU&JUorwvufeYJ NAdwo
d Q
&J U ,l e D , H * suf t vH u k d jzKwf c scJ h N yD ;
jynf a xmif p k j ref r mEk d i f i H & J U
Mu,fig;yGifhtvHawmfukd olUvufeJYyxrqHk;vTifhxlcJhygw,f/ 'guawmh
&Sif;ygw,faemf/ tJ'gAsm/ (1962) ckESpfrSm AkdvfcsKyfae0if;u tmPm
odrf;awmh rwfv(24)&ufaeYukdtul;rSm OD;OD;zsm;zsm; yxrjrefrm
EkdifiH&JUorw&JUom; touf(17)ESpft&G,f ]]p0frDrDokduf}}[m owfjzwf
jcif;cHcJh&ygw,f/ 'gukd jrefrmEkdifiH&JUorwrsm;taMumif;a&;wJh pmtkyf
ESpftkyfteufu pma&;q&m&JUpmtkyfrSm&Sdyg w,f ukdjrwfckdif/ (1962)ck?
rwfv(2)&ufaeYuae aemufxyfav;v tMumrSmawmh AkdvfcsKyfae0if;
tmPmodrf;&mrSm yg0ifxdef;odrf;jcif;cHcJh&wJh jrefrmEkdifiH&JUyxrqHk;
orwa[mif; pyfa&Tou
dk cf rsmrSm ESv;kH a&m*gjzifh axmifxrJ mS yJ uG,v
f eG f
cJh&Smygw,f/ pdwfraumif;p&mawGygAsm/
ukdjrwfckdifa&
wpfa,mufua&;wmu jrefrmjynfu orwrsm;wJh? usefwpf
a,mufuawmh ESpfaygif;av;q,fumv EkdifiHawmforwrsm;wJh/
tJ'DorwawGukd wef;pDNyD;awmhazmfjyxm;&mrSmawmh pma&;q&mBuD;u
ykdNyD;yDjyifaumif;rGefjyefw,fAsm/ Munfhyg/

txuf w pf
ae&mrSmazmfjy
NyD; jzpfygw,f/
ta&;BuD;wJh udp
awG ? jyemawG
ay:cJhwmawmh uRefawmf
vJod? cifAsm;vJodqkdawmh
tus,frajymvkdawmhygbl; ukd
jrwfckdif/ tusOf;csKyfuawmh (1)
ausmif;om;udpjzpfw,f? (2) oHCm
awmfawGudpjzpfw,f? (3) ukefwdkuf
eJaY usmif;awG jynfoyl idk jf yKvkyw
f ,f? (4)Nidr;f
csrf;a&;vkyfw,f? (5) wkwfwdkufyGJjzpfw,f?
(6) aiGudp pwmvife,fxJuxGufw,f? (7)
buf r vd k u f x J u xG u f w ,f ? (8) vl r sKd ; pk v T w f
awmfukdzsufodrf;NyD; vTwfawmfwpfckxJvkyfypfw,f? (9)
zGJUpnf;yHktopfa&;qGJayr,fh ysufjym;oGm;w,f? (10)
taemuftkyfpkeJY&efolozG,fjzpfoGm;w,f/
ukdjrwfckdifa& uRefawmfrSwfrdorQ AkdvfcsKyfae0if;vuf xuf
rSmjzpfcJhwJh tEIwfvuPmawGygyJAsm/ ol&JUtdrfaxmifa&;uawmh
pma&; q&mBuD;a&;wJh ESpaf ygif;av;q,f orwawGtaMumif;pmtkyrf mS
azmfjy xm;wmukdyJ xyfqifhNyD;azmfjyvdkufygw,f/
(u) a':oef;GefY-ukdIarmif(1931)ckvufxuf om;ukdausmfodef;
(a&eH)arG;zGm;
(c) a':wifwif-ocifIarmif (1937)ck? Zlvdkif(18)vufxuf
om; aiGpkd;(1939)ck? om; at;atmif0if;(1949)ckzGm;
(*) a':cifaroef;-AkdvfcsKyfae0if; (1952)ckvufxyf om;orD;
(3)OD;arG;zGm; pEm0if;? aMu;rHk0if;? NzdK;a00if;wkdYjzpf/ (a':cifaroef;\
yxrtdraf xmifryS gvmol vJv
h 0hJ if;ESichf ifow
D m0if;(tjrTmESpOf ;D )? aomfwm
0if;)oHk;OD;ESifh (AkdvfcsKyfae0if;bufrSvJygvmol ausmfodef;? aiGpkd;?
at;atmif0if;)oHk;OD;yg&Sdvmojzifh &efukefNrdKU? txufwef;vTmavmu
wGif &,fp&m? armp&m tSDta[muftaeeJY t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh "I
Three, You Three"[k ajymqkd&,farmMuygw,f ukdjrwfckdif/
(2) AkdvfcsKyfBuD;pef;,k\ orwb0tawGUtBuHKukdajym&&if jrefrm
jynfolawGodMuNyD;jzpfwJhtwkdif; OD;ae0if;ay;vkdY&wJh orw&mxl;yJjzpf
aeygw,f/ OD;ae0if;&JUwynfhom;ajr;awG&JUtv,frSmyif OD;pef;,k[m
tNrJyJvufykdufaewwfoljzpfygw,f/ orwjzpf&mrSmyif (1978-1981)
ckESpfxdjzpfcJhaomfvnf; EkdifiHawmfeJYtpkd;&taqmuftODrsm;wGif rdrd\
"mwfyHkukdcsdwfqGJcGifh&ol orwwpfOD;r[kwfacs/ olUvufxufwGifjzpf
cJhaomtjzpftysufBuD;ESpfckrSm (1) awmifukd&D;,m;orweJYtaygif;yg
rsm;ukd ajrmufukd&D;,m;u tmZmenfukef;AHk;azmufvkyfBuH&mrSm orw
csef'l;0rfrSm tmZmenfukef;okdYtcsdefrDa&mufrvmaomaMumifh vGwf
ajrmufcJhaomfvnf; ukd&D;,m;{nfhonfawmfaygif;(17)OD;uG,fvGefcJhNyD;
(14)OD; 'Pf&m&cJhw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHbufrS (4)OD;uG,fvGefcJhNyD; (32)OD;
'Pf&mawG&&Scd yhJ gw,f/ (2) awmifBuD;NrdKU? pyfpx
H eG ;f aq;Hw
k iG f wm0efus
aeaom k&Sm;yg&*lq&m0efESpfOD;tm; bdef;bk&ifcGefqm\vlrsm;rS jyef
ay;qGJoGm;? orwOD;pef;,krS tultnDawmif;ojzifh pma&;q&m

pmrsuf E S m 27 ok d Y

(1) orwpyfa&Tokduf
(4 Zefe0g&D 1948? 12 rwf 1952)
(2) orwa'gufwmbOD;
(12rwf 1952? 10rwf 1957)
(3) orwOD;0if;armif
(13rwf 1952? 12rwf 1957)
(4) awmfvSefa&;aumifpDOu|? orwOD;ae0if;
(2rwf 1962? 9Ekd0ifbm 1981)
(5) orwOD;pef;,k
(9 Ekd0ifbm 1981? 25 Zlvkdif 1988)
(6) orwOD;pdefvGif
(27 Zlvkdif 1988? 12 Mo*kwf 1988)
(7) orwa'gufwmarmifarmif
(19 Mo*kwf 1988? 18 pufwifbm 1988)
(8) orwOD;odef;pdef
(4 azazmf0g&D 2011)
ukdjrwfckdifcifAsm; ckvkd orwwpfOD;csif;pDwef;pDNyD;azmfjy
&wmuawmh orwwpfO;D csif;pD&UJ taMumif;awGudk azmfjycsif
vkdYyJjzpfygw,faemf/
(1) AkdvfcsKyfae0if;vufxuf tmPmodrf;&mrSm yxr
orw p0fa&TodkufwkdYom;tzaoqHk;&yHkukd

(1)

pmrsuf E S m 26 rS tquf

OD;odef;azjrifhMum;0ifaqmif&GufcJh&? rif;om;BuD; OD;xGef;a0\ BudK;pm;

tm;xkwfrIjzifh k&Sm;yg&*lq&m0efESpfOD;ESifh rEav;axmifxJ&Sd bdef;
bk&ifcGefqmwkdY tvJtvS,fjzifhvkyfcJh&? ,if; vlolrodaomZmwfvrf;
trSefukd uRefawmfa&;om;azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfygw,f/
(3) AkdvfrSL;csKyfpdefvGif orwtjzpfwufa&mufvmcsdefwGif (88)\
ta&;tcif; qlyltHk<urI t&Sdeft[kef[m tjyif;txefqHk;yJjzpfygw,f/
ta&;tcif;pwifvmwmESifh rqv tpkd;&tzGJUrS t"duacgif;aqmifrsm;
EIwfxGuf&ef emrnfpm&if;ygaomfvnf; vufawGUrSm OD;ae0if;eJYOD;pef,k
wkdYESpfOD;omEIwfxGufoGm;MuNyD; usefacgif;aqmifawGu ,if;ta&;
tcif;ukd q,fray;EkdifOD;r,fxifNyD; qufvufukwfuyfaeMuygao;
w,f/ wGif OD;pdfefvGifrSm i,fpOfuvkyfcJhwJh tjyKtrlrsKd; ,ckvnf;
vkyf&if&r,ftxifrsKd;eJY orwtjzpf 0kdif;wifcJhMuygw,f/ qEjyyGJeJY
qlyltHk<urIrSmazmfxkwfvkdYawmifr&bJ ykZGefawmif pufqef;bufrS
ukefoG,fa&;*kda'gifawGu azmuf,lvmwmawGrSeforQ NrdKUv,facgif
]za&Zm}vrf;wpfavQmuf ]pdefvGifaps;}vkdY trnfaygufcJhygawmhw,f/
'Dvkdjzifh OD;pdefvGif&JUorwoufwrf;u (16)&ufta&mufrSm ed|dwH
ygavawmhw,f/
(4) AkdvfrSL;csKyfpdefvGif orwtjzpfu EIwfxGufoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf
Mo*kwv
f (19)&ufrmS a'gufwmarmifarmif orwjzpfvmygw,f/ orw
topfpufpuf a'gufwmarmifarmifu ,ck qEjyyGJrSm tdrf&SifrawG
ryg0ifao;aMumif; ,aeYajymvkduf&m aemufwpfaeYa&mufwJhtcg
td r f & S i f r awG y g qE j yyG J w G i f y g0if v mygawmh w ,f / xk d t csd e f w G i f
0efBuD;csKyf a[mif;OD;EkrS ]]usKyfomvQif 0efBuD;csKyf}}[kajymqkdNyD;
]]'D ^ Nid r f ; }}tpk d ; &uk d zG J U pnf ; vd k u f & m oH k ; av;&uf t wG i f ;
tqkdygtjzpfyg0ifolrsm;[m EIwf xGufoGm;ukefMuygawmhw,f/ 'geJY
ywfoufvkdY rdwfaqGwpfOD;u ar;jref;av&m uRefawmfu rMumrD
ork d i f ; wG i f o d & rS m aygh a v aemuf wpf c suf v nf ; ygao;aMumif ;
AkdvfGefYarmifukdowd&NyD; jyefajymrdygw,f/ 'DvkdeJY
a'gufwmarmifarmifcrsmvJ ckdif;vkdYomvkyf&wmukd; EkdifiHa&;tajc
taeukx
d ed ;f vkrYd &awmh pufwifbm(18)&ufta&mufrmS orwtjzpfu
EIwx
f u
G o
f mG ;ygawmhw,f/ a'gufwmarmifarmifuEdk aS jrmzkaYd umif;wmu
q&mpHukdBudK;'Pfay;cJhw J h w &m;ol B uD ;oH k ;OD ;teuf u wpf O D ;jzpfwJh
a'gufwmbOD; orwjzpfvmawmh olu qHk;rpum;eJYoifcef;pmay;
pum;awGukd OD;ae0if;&JUpmtkyfxJrSma&;om;cJhbl;ygw,f/ ckvJ 'g
b0jcm;oGm;wJh a'gufwmarmifarmifeJYwuG aemifvmaemufom;rsm;
oifcef;pm&,lEkdif&ef ]]tmPmodrf;wJhppfwyfucsD;jrifhwJh orw&mxl;
awGukd r,lMuygeJYAsm}}vkdY qkd&rvkdjzpfaeygawmhw,f ukdjrwfckdif/
(3)
ukdjrwfckdifa&
ckvJyJ uRefawmfajymcsifwmu tif'dkeD;&Sm;rSma&m? tmz*efepwef
rSma&m 'Drkdua&pDu tom;rusao;awmh orwtEkdiftIH;rJpm&if;ukd
wpfBudrfNyD;wpfBudrfa&wGufaeMu&ygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH&JUwwd,ajrmuf
u&if o r w BuD ; twG u f vT w f a wmf r S m rJ a y;wk e f ; uawmh txuf
vTwfawmf? atmufvTwfawmf wpfcgxJyJNyD;oGm;awmhwmukd;Asm/ ckawmh
Asm orwawGtaMumif;ajymvJ [kdvlUrsufESm? 'DvlUrsufESmMunfh &?
axmufxm;&? tmZmenfaeYtaMumif;ajymyg&ifvnf; (perth)NrdKU u
]a':abbDapm}ukd tm;em&? rvG,fvSygbl;Asm/ tpuwnf;u pOf;pOf;
pm;pm;av;vkyfMu&ifawmh aumif;wmayghAsm/
(1) vkyfBuHcH&vkdY uG,fvGefoGm;wJh EkdifiHhacgif;aqmifBuD;a&;cJhajym
cJhwJh jynfaxmifpku dk;dk;awmifr[kwfao;? jynfe,fawGukd ukd,fykdif
tkyfcsKyfcGifh&SdwJh (zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk)? 1974ckESpfrSm AkdvfcsKyfae0if;
a&;qGJcJhNyD; (1988)ckESpfrSm ysufjym;oGm;wJh zGJUpnf;yHku vlwpfpktwGuf
rsufESmMunfhNyD;a&;qGJcJhwJhzGJUpnf;yHk/
(2) 'gawmif(&mbmwHqdyfwHk;)vkdYac:wJh vTwfawmfrSm tmZmenf
acgif;aqmifBuD;ukd rxDrJhjrifjyKNyD; vTwfawmfESpf&yfukd wpf&yfwnf;?
wpfckwnf;aygif;pyfypfvdkufygw,f/
(3) 2008 ckESpfrSm a&;qGJtwnfjyKcJhwJh vuf&SdzGJUpnf;yHkusjyefawmh
vnf; 1974ckESpf zGJUpnf;yHkukdyJ tajccHNyD;a&;qGJxm;wmjzpfavawmh
vT w f a wmf v nf ; wpf & yf w nf ; yJ ? wk d i f ; eJ Y j ynf e ,f a wG u vnf ;
jynfe,f(7)ck? wkdif;(7)wkdif;? 'gawmif pdwfrcsEkdifao;vkdY(e0wetz)vufxufrSm ppftkyfcsKyfa&;ukdvkyfxm;ao;oukdAsm/ 'gvnf;
wpf c g pd w f r csjyef a o;bl ; / Ak d v f c sKyf a e0if ; vuf x uf r S m awmh
ppf a xmuf v S r f ; a&;T e f c sKyf ]rsuf r S e f B uD ; }u or w &J U ]ppf b uf
vufaxmuf} wJh/ wpfcg AkdvfcsKyfoef;a&Tvufxufa&mufjyefawmh
]]ppf a xmuf v S r f ; T e f c sKyf } }Ak d v f c sKyf c if G e f Y u ]]0ef B uD ; csKyf } }wJ h
MunfhomMunfhMuygawmh Asm/
'Dvkd ESpfaygif;av;ig;q,ftwGif;rSm wufcsifovkdwuf? jzpfcsif
ovk d j zpf y suf v mwJ h or w awG t aMumif ; uk d wpf a ,muf u awmh
trnfrcHbJa&;xm;ygw,f/ pma&;q&mBuD;uawmh uavmiftrnfeJY
yJa&;xm;w,f/ 'gqkd&ifAsm 'DpmtkyfrSm yg0ifwJhorwawGu w&m;yJ0if
avrvm;? orkdif;yJ0ifavrvm; ukdjrwfckdifyJ pOf;pm;MunfhygawmhAsm/

w&m;ESifhpum;
a&S;a&S;wkef;u
a&S;wkef;uyg
vlBuD;olr rdbbkd;bGm;
xm;cJhonfhpum;
aqmifxm;&efwpf0uf
a&Smif&Sm;&efwpf0uf
xkdESpfcsufwGif
vlajymroef vloefrajymwJh
EIwfaMumifhao vufaMumifhaMuwJh
pum;vGef EIwfr& ajcuRHEIwf&wJh
w&m;usifhol pum;csifh\wJh
rajymrNyD; rwD;rjrnf
pnfBuD;tvm; yrmxm;wJh
pum; pum; ajymygrsm;
pum;xJu ZmwdjywJh/
rqvacwfu
Ou|BuD;u r,m;NyD;r,m;
0efBuD;csKyfu pyg;NyD;pyg;
twGif;a&;rSL;BuD;u pum;NyD;pum;
ck e0w etz acwfa&mufawmh
jynfolUaiGom;
jynfhvkyftm;eJY
wHwm;NyD;wHwm;aqmuf
pum;NyD;awmh pum;a&muf
xkwfacsmufwGifwGif
jrifae&wm/
emZD *smrPD
[pfwvm vufxuf
wkwfaumufeJYcg;axmufNyD;
*kd;bJvf ajymwJhpum;
emcHNyD;
A lie that is repeated 1000 times becomes the truth.

tBudrfwpfaxmif rkom;aqmif
,Hkatmifpum; qufajymMum;u
ajymygrsm;vm xkdpum;onf
pum;opm jzpfvmowJh
[kwfuJh/ [kwfuJh/
rSwfcsuf/ / xkwfacsmuf=wkd;vsKd;ayguf/

2 NE 1 tzGJY

atmifjrifpGmazsmfajzEkdifcJhonfU
txdrf;trSwfygwDyGJusif;y

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif urmausmf udk&D;,m;tqdkawmf 2NE1 tzGJU atmifjrifpGm vma&mufazsmfajzEkdifcJhonfh txdrf;trSwftjzpf

2NE1 In Myanmar Galaxy Stage Appreciation Party udk 2NE1 tzGJU wnf;cdkoGm;onfh &efukefNrdKU&Sd awmf0ifO,smOf[dkw,fwGif
Mo*kwfv (7)&uf aeY nydkif;u usif;ycJhonf/

SPK

27

wifjyovdk kyf&Sif
Zmwfum; NyD;ygNyD/ ppfaq;vdku ppfaq;yg/ vkyfief;twGuf EIwfcrf;
oyfNyD;jywfzdkY vdktyfaewJhtcsdefrSm aiGom;xkwfacs;p&mrvdkygbl;/ wwf
tm;oa&GUzvifrsm; acwta<u;eJYa&mif;yg? Zmwfum;twGuf toHk;
cscJhwJh ae&mXmetcsdefeJY wjcm;0efaqmifrIawGtwGuf pm&if;aw;NyD;
cPta<u;rSwfay;yg/ tcsdefwef&if vlBuD;rif;wdkYtpdk;&eJY Xmeuodrf;
xm;wJh kyf&SifHkawGuvGJNyD; jyp&mrSwpfyg; tjcm;r&Sdygbl;/ tJ'Dtcg
usawmh tJ'Dta<u;awGudk ckESdrfvdkufvdkY&ygw,f/ b,frSajy;p&mr&Sdyg
bl;/ tJvdk r[kwfvm;?
f ,f tJ't
D wdik ;f ajymcJw
h myJ/ 'gayr,fh ckcifAsm; em;vnf
A: [kww
ovdk olwdkYem;rvnfbl;/ wu,fhudk dk;dk;om;om; em;rvnfwJh'DZdkif;
yJ/ ]]'Dvl 'dkYudk bmawG vmajymaewmygvdrfh}}qdkwJh pwdkifBuD;awGeJY/
tJovdk ea0wdrfawmifBuD;udk jyefMunfhaewm/ usKyfajymcJhwm Arm
pum;ygAsm/
Q: tJ'Dawmh bBuD;atmifwdkY bmawGvkyfMuovJ? b,fxGuf
aygufu xGufMuovJaygh/
A: rqDrqdkifayghAsm/ uRefawmfhtoufu ck (79)ESpf? 1941 ckESpf
rSm touf ajcmufESpf&SdNyD/ 'kwd,urmppfjzpfcgpu jrifuGif;av;wpfck
,aeYwikd f wu,fu
h kd jrifaeqJygyJ/ &cdik rf mS ayghaemf ydecf sKHUEGr;f yg; pkwjf ywf
aewJh a,musfm;BuD;wpfa,mufu uav;av;udkcsD/ tJ'D uav;u
xrif;&nfxnfhxm;wJh EkdYykvif;udk EdkYtrSwfeJYpdkY/ a,musfm;BuD;u ]]'Du
av; arG;pm;vdkufMuygcifAsm arG;pm;vdkufMuyg/ olYtar aooGm;vdkYyg}}
tJovdk tdrfaygufaph vrf;wum vdkufatmfae&wJh vlwpfa,muf/
tJovdkayghAsm/ BuD;BuD;us,fus,fajym&r,fqdk&if udk,fhESvHk;om;eJY
arG;xm;wJh tEkynmypnf;wpfck/ &SifoefBuD;jyif;atmif udk,furS
rarG;Ekdif&if vrf;wum &Gmwum vdkufatmfNyD; 0,fvdkufMu ygcifAsm
0,fvdkufMuygaygh/
wpfckaom wpfae&mrSm uRefawmf ajymcJhzl;wJhpum;wpfck&Sdw,f/
Zmwfum;xkwfvkyfNyD; jzefYcsda&;rSeforQudk &efukeftvkyfwdkufrSom csKyf
udkifw,fvdkY/
Q: e,fNrdKUBuD;awGrSm ukrPD&JU tvkyfwdkufcGJ rxm;bl;aygh/
A: tJovdkawmh r[kwfbl;/ xm;ygw,f/ NAdwdoQbm;rm;(GefY
jrefrm)? jrefrmtaqG(at0rf;)? yJa&mH(jynfausmf) tJovdk ukrPDBuD;
awGu e,fwdkufcGJawGxm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh &efukefHk;BuD;u csKyfudkif
w,f/ qdkvdkwmuawmh tJ'D wdkufcGJ0efxrf;awG &efukef ukrPDHk;u
wdkufdkufcefYxm;w,f/ b,fNrdKUudk b,favmufEIef;eJYjyvdkY b,favmuf
aiG0ifw,fqdkwmrsKd; &efukefHk;udk pm&if;wif&w,f/
Q: ck[mu?
A: ck[mu tJovdkr[kwfbl;/ 'kwd,trsKd;tpm;jzpfoGm;NyD/ kyf&Sif
ukrPDtao;av;awGvnf; rdIvdkaygufvmMuNyD/ 'D tao;av;awG
u cke ajymovdk Hk;jyifuEm;eJY 0efxrf;awGeJY wdkufcGJzGifhxm;EkdifwJh
tiftm; r&Sdbl;/ 'Dawmh txufjrefrmjynfrSm&SdwJh vlwpfpk odkYr[kwf
vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufudk Booking tyfw,f/
bkwfuiftifw,fqdkwmuawmh ]]uRefawmf uRefrwdkY&JU Zmwfum;
awGudk txufjrefrmjynfwpfvTm;rSm jyay;yg/ tJovdk jyay;vdkY &vm
wJh 0ifaiGxJu usyfwpf&mrSm aumfr&Sif(0efaqmifc)ig;usyf,lyg}} 'gyJ/
tJ'D txufjrefrmjynfudk,fpm;vS,fqdkwJh vlawGuvnf; bmrS
rvdkbl;As/ bPfwdkufzGifhwmurS rwnfaiG&if;pdkuf&tHk;r,f/ tJ'Dvl
awGu bmrS rvdkbl;/ vldkao &SifdkaojzpfzdkY tvkyfwdkufwpfckvdkw,f/
ukrPDaygif;pHku ydkYay;xm;wJh zvifum;ydkif;awGudk ppfaMumoefYpifzdkY
(REWINDER)vdkYac:wJh &pfbD;BuD;wpfckvdkw,f/ Zmwfum;xkyfeJY e,f
wpfum;ajymzdkY atmfya&wmvdkw,f ('gvnf; Zmwfum;jywJhe,fcH&JU
p&dwf) olay;p&mrvdkbl;/ tJ'g txufjrefrmjynf bkwfuifudk,fpm;
vS,f&JU &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIyJ/
'Dt&if;tESD;BuD;awGeJY olaX;jzpfvmMuwm/ aemif wpfaeYus&if
uRefawmfwdkY&JU aus;Zl;&SifBuD;awGjzpfvmtHk;rSm/
rSef;qMunfhav uRefawmfwdkY&JU Zmwfum;awGudk jyoEdkifwJh olwdkY
&JU e,fedrdwfb,favmufus,fovJvdkY/ [dkpOfu ysOf;rem;NrdKU[m
atmufjrefrmjynfxJrSmyJ &Sdao;w,f/ txufjrefrmjynfqdkwm wyf
ukef;urS pwm/ wyfukef;rSonf ucsifjynfe,f ylwmtdkxd awmifrS
ajrmuf/ ta&SU &Srf;ajrmuf rlq,f? erfhcrf;? &Srf;awmif uavm?
awmifBuD;rSonf usKdif;wHk wmcsDvdwf/ taemuf {&m0wDjrpfudkjzwf
csif;wGif;jrpfudk xyfjzwf [krvif;? cED; csif;jynfajrmufydkif; awmifydkif;
tao;pdwf a&;&&if a&;rukefbl;/
Q: olwdkYuaum ckvdkjzpfvmMuawmh bmrsm; ulMuao;vJ/
A: oyfoyfBuD; ulp&mrvdkbl;av/ uRefawmfwdkY Zmwfum;awG
jyvdkY &wJhydkufqH uRefawmfwdkYudkay;wmyJOpm/ tpOftvmt&uawmh
oHk;vwpfBudrf ajcmufvwpfBudrf pm&if;&Sif;ay;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
ckvdk jynfolydkifodrf;NyD;wJhaemufrSmawmh aumfr&SifEIwfNyD; tvDvDtvm
vm ydkYay;wJh ydkufqHeJY ravmufawmhbl;/ txufjrefrmjynfudk,fpm;
vS,f rsm;zufu Munf&h ifvnf; t&ifvkd racsmifawmhb;l av/ 0if;vdu
k ?f
NrdKU*kPfa&mif? awmf0ifNrdKUr? rpdk;&drf tJ'DHkawG jynfawG ydkifoGm;NyDav/
'gaMumifh (UPPER BURMA RIGHT)qdkwJhacgif;pOfeJY txufjref
rmjynfudk tNyD;tjywfa&mif;wJhpepfudk usifhoHk;vdkY&NyDaygh/
Q: tJ'Dawmh tqifajyoGm;vm;?
A: b,fvdkjyefajym&rSef;awmif rodawmhygbl;Asm/ [dk,cif aumf
r&Sifpm;b0wkef;urS aiGvdkvdkY ydkYay;ygqdk jzpfao;w,f/ tck[m tjywf
a&mif;vdkY tjywf0,fvdkufNyDvnf;qdka&m/ Zmwfum; wpfum;vHk; wGuf
aiGudk wpfvHk;wpfcJwnf; ray;awmhbl;/ t&pfus ay;awmhw,f/

28

Zmwfum;pdkufawmh b,favmuf
,lZmwfum;dkufvdkY Zmwfvrf;wpf
0ufa&mufNyDvm; dkuful;wJh zvif
ayb,f a vmuf u sNyD v J / 'gud k
vnf; zvifwu,f xkwfrxkwf
[kwfr[kwfudk zvifxkwfa&mif;wJh
Xmeudk peJemao;wm/ [kwfNyDqdk
rS'kwd,t&pf/ rEav;eJY txuf
jrefrmjynftwGuf zvifaumfyu
D m;
ydkif;&NyD/ odkYr[kwf &zdkYaocsmrS
uswJhaiGtaMu/ tJovdk jzpfukef
Muwm/ &efukefjyef vufaqmifxkd;
rkefYuav;? vufzufuav;? wGif;
ydk;uav;? y&pfausmfuav;/ tJ'g
awG q&mAef;armfwifatmifa&;cJh
zl;ovdk NyD;cJhwJh&mZ0if&JU pmrsufESm
rS m usef & pf c J h N yD / quf q H y H k a wG ?
ajymqdkyHkawG rsufESmxm;awG tm;
vHk; ajymif;ukefwm/
[if; [if;
'DvdkyJjzpf&rSmaygh
av/ tajctae
csif;urSrwlawmh
wmudk;/ [dkpOfu
uRef a wmf w d k Y u
Zmwf u m;xk y f y d k Y
ay;rS olwu
Ykd
pm;&wmav/ tJ
aumfr&Sifpm;&wm
av/ ck[m olwdkYu aiGxkwfay;rS uRefawmfwdkY
Zmwfum;NyD;rSm/ tJ'Dtajctae bmaMumifh a&muf
vmcJh Mu&wmvJ/ uRefawmfu ta[mif;udk a&El;
wmwdkY i,fpOfu a&TxD;aqmif;wmwdkYudk pNrHKUrjyefwwf
bl;/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmf jrifawGUzl;cJh wJhjrifuGif;av;awG
pdwful;eJYrSef;qNyD; cHpm;MunfhapcsifvdkYyg/ uRefawmfh taMumif;r[kwf
ygbl;/ uRefawmfhq&mawGtaMumif;
(1) vufOD;q&m (1956) ckESpf OD;zkd;ygBuD; txufjrefrmjynfxGuf
yxrOD;qHk; Booking um;xkyftyfNyD; jyocdkif;wJhol/
(2) wwd,q&m Adkvfatmif'if zcifBuD; q&ma&T'Hk;bDatmif/
(1957) rEav;kyf&Sif ]vlYabmifwGif}Zmwfum;rSp/
(3) OD;0if;OD; (1962) uRefawmfu zvifavmuxJudk t&ifa&muf
ESifhayr,fvdkY 0wKZmwfTef;eJYywfoufvm&if oluvnf; uRefawmfh
q&mygyJ/ (1964)ck nDnDvGif Zmwfum;rSp txufjrefrmjynf
(Booking)tyfwJh pEmkyf&Sif ydkif&Sif/
ckvdk 0gqdk 0gacgif a&azmifazmif {&m0wDjrpfa&wdk;csdefqdk txuf
jrefrmjynfrSm ckvdkyJ awmifNyHK;yGJawmfBuD; NcdrfhNcdrfhoJaygh/ yef;qdk;wef;u
0if;0if;jyZmwfacwfuvnf; rwdrfaumao;bl;As/ ajymcsifwmawGu
rsm;vGef;vdkY &SnfrSmvnf; pdk;w,f/
Q: ajymcsifwmajymyg/ rodcJhwmawG od&wmaygh/
A: kyf&Sifaum jyZmwfaum rif;om; rif;orD;awG t&SifESpfyg;&JU
awmifNyHK;yGu
J kd oGm;jywm/ &efuek rf mS rk;d rsm;wJt
h csdeaf v/ ckacwf rif;om;
rif;orD;awG aeyl'Pfa&SmifzdkY aEGtcg jyifOD;vGifwufMuovdkaygh/
ckvnf; rkd;a&Smif&if rEav; ppfudkif;awmif jyifOD;vGif awmifNyHK;udk
twloGm;MuwJh rif;om;rif;orD; 'gdkufwmawGzvS,fNyD; Zmwfum;dkuf
Muwm/ tJ'g OD;zdk;ygBuD;&JU ZeD;u rif;orD;a':arcspfwJh/ olwdkYrdom;pku
txufwef;&xm;wGeJ /YJ &xm;wGaJ wGuvnf; Nidrahf ywmud;k / pm;aomuf
cef;? bm;aumifwm? a&csKd;cef; (BR)qdkwJh pmvHk;eJY qdkzmBuD;awG?
tcef; uvnf; tus,fBuD;/ 0goemyg&if cv,frmS pm;yGcJ sNyD; zJu
kd v
f &Ykd
w,f/ uRefawmfwdkY wynfhoHk;av;a,mufu OD;zdk;ygBuD;&JU wpfpD;aom
armfawmfum;eJY um;vrf;twdkif; rEav;oGm;Muwm/ tJ'gawG tukef
vHk; txufjrefrmjynf kyf&SifjzefYcsda&;udk,fpm;vS,fu {nfhcH jyKpkaygh/
wkef;kef; wNyHK;NyHK;eJY/ aysmfp&mqdk tpHkvkyfMuwm/ ckvdk rmqwf
(MASSAGE)awG KTV awGawmh r&Sdao;bl;ayghav/ q&mOD;zdk;ygBuD;
udk,fwdkifuvnf; uRefawmfwdkYuav;awGudk ajrmufay;wm/ aysmfaph
csifwm/
aemufwpfa,mufu rif;om;BuD;OD;0if;OD; olu ppfwyfxJa&muf
oGm;uwnf;u rdom;pkeJY uif;uGmw,f/ AdkvfBuD;b0u xGufNyD; kyf&Sif
xJ a &muf a wmh v nf ; vl y sKd B uD ; b0eJ Y YMCA taqmif r S m aewm/
enf;enf; txD;usefqefwmaygh/ olY&JU yxrOD;qHk; emrnfBuD;wJh ]ESpf
a,mufwnf;aecsifw,f}Zmwfum;udk dkuful;wJh 'gdkufwmu at0rf;
rsKd;EG,f ]armifwif,k} uRefawmf&JU 'kwd,q&m/ uRefawmfu Zmwfum;
wnf;jzwfol/ zvift,f'Dwmtjzpf vkyfcJh&mrS &if;ESD;cJhwm 1962 ck
rSonf rHIa&T&nfZmwfum;NyD;pD;wJh 1970 ckESpf 'DZifbmxd/
tJ oloGm;av&m uRefawmfygcJh&w,f/ oBuFefqdk ol b,frS
roGm;&Jbl;/ aemufrSm ajymifrSmpdk;vdkY/ 'DvdkeJY arNrdKU(jyifOD;vGif)rSm wuf
aeMuw,f/ olY&JU (SUN BEAM)NydKifum;av;eJYaygh/ tJ'D armfawmf
um;u dk;dk;"mwfqD wpf*gvefudk [dkwkef;u ac:ovdk ajym&&if av
,mOfysHqD(OCTANE)wpf*gvefeJY a&mNyD;rS armif;vdkY&w,f/ tJ OD;0if;OD;
oBuFe&f uftwGi;f txufjrefrmjynfvmvnfzt
Ykd wGuf tJ'D (OCTANE)
"mwfqD wpfayygudk txufjrefrmjynfudk,fpm;vS,fu 0,fxm;ay;&
w,f/ aemufydkif; OD;0if;OD; rEav;oBuFefvnfjzpfwmuawmh (1968)
ck oBuFefrSm NrdKUrudkaygwdkYeJY ]wdrfvTmrdkYrdkYvGif}oDcsif; oGif;jzpfwJh aemuf
ydkif;rS 'ghtjyif uRefawmfeJYtwl ZmwfTef; q&mBuD;OD;okc&JU armifarmif

eJYod*Zmwfum;udk dkufwkef;uqdk&if
&efuek u
f ydu
k q
f w
H pfjym;rS ,lroGm;
cJhbl;/ rEav;jyifOD;vGifrSm dkuful;
wJ h uk e f u sp&d w f t m;vH k ; txuf
jrefrmjynfyk &f iS jf zefcY sda&; udck ifarmif? rwkww
f u
Ykd wm0ef,al y;cJw
h myg/
xm;vdkufygawmh/ OD;zdk;ygBuD;eJY OD;0if;OD;wdkYu ukrPDydkif&Sifxkwfvkyf
olqlygrif;om;awGjzpfaevdkY/ usefwpfa,mufuawmh ukrPDxkwf vkyf
olvnf; r[kwfbl; emrnfBuD; okyfaqmifvnf;r[kwfbl;/ 'gdkufwm
pma&;q&mBuD; a&T'Hk;bDatmif? Adkvfatmif'ifZmwfum;udk vlwdkif;odMu
ygw,f/ tJ'g rodvnf; kyfoHuvmaewJh a'gufwmatmifausmfOD;?
'grSr[kwf tawGU'gavmufawmh odMurSmyg/ txuf jrefrmjynfrEav;
kyf&Sif&JUyGJOD;xGufZmwfum;u q&mBuD;OD;okc&JU b0oHo&mZmwfum;/
'kwd,'gdkufwmOD;rsKd;atmif&JU jrwfyef;0wf&nf? wwd, 1958 ESpfp
q&ma&T'Hk;bDatmif&JU ]vlYabmifwGif} Zmwfum;jzpfygw,f/
ck uRefawmf azmfTef;aewJhumv 1960 ckESpf&JU 'DZifbm aemuf
qHk;&ufrsm;jzpfygw,f/ 'DZifbm (30)&ufaeYrSm]a&ajrqHk;wdkif}qdkwJh
Zmwfum; 'DESpftwGuf tu,f'rD0ifjzpfatmifHkwifrSmyg/ tJ'Dwkef;u
tu,f'rDqkqdkwm rESpfutwGuf 'DESpfay;w,fqdkwm r&SdcJhygbl;/
vufiif;ta<u;&Sif;ygyJ/ tJ'DZmwfum;udkdkuful;olu wuodkvf0if;az
yg(rEav;u tEkynmausmif;tkyf? 'gdkufwmOD;0if;azr[kwfygbl;)
]jynfwefwu
hJ snfq}H twGuf if;ESprf mS yJtu,f'rD&cJo
h yl g/ q&ma&T';kH u
BuD;Muyf'gdkufwmyg/ ck aemufqHk; zdkife,ftacsmMunfhay;zdkY &efukefrS
rD;&xm;eJY vmaeygNyD/ q&ma&mufvm&if ol&Y UJ wynfw
h yef;jyKpkorl sm;yg
aezdkY ,ckrEav;(35)vrf; ukef;ausmfwHwm;ab;u OD;tHh armif&JU
vHk;csif;wdkufudk jyifqifxm;ygw,f/ 'Du NyD;wmeJY 1961 ckESpfqef;&if
tawGUZmwfum;dkufzdkY/ aemuftxufArmjynf&JU 'kwd,ukrPDjzpfwJh
a&Tref;kyf&SifNcHudk ajymif;&rSmyg/ eef;a&SUurkefwdkifZ&yftem;rSmyg/
'gaMumifh ck q&ma&T'Hk;bDatmif vdkufygvmwJh&xm;udk vmBudKwJh
vlawG trsm;BuD;yg/ rEav;kyf&Sifaum a&Tref;kyf&SifaumygyJ/ rEav;
u q&mhaus;Zl;ruif;wJh wynfhwyef;awGvnf; ygygw,f/ q&mBuD;
&xm;ay:u qif;vmawmh zrdk;OD;cdkufOD;cswJh vlawGu OD;csaygh/ ,aeY
vlawGjrifaeus jrifuiG ;f udk yHck ikd ;f &&if oDw*lq&mawmfBuD;udk BudKMuo
vdkaygh/ ukrPDESpfck&JU tpk&S,f,m&SifawGuvnf; olUxufig OD;atmif
q&mhem;uyfMuwm/ aemufcsefae7ifyJ tjypf&adS wmhrvdv
k /kd tJ'grsKd;udrk S
King of the Set dkufuGif;bk&ifvdkYac:wm/ wjcm;olawG&JU taetxm;
udkawmh rodbl;/ uRefawmfeJY ESpf&Snf&Snf twlaecJhzl;wJh OD;zdk;ygBuD;?
OD;0if;OD;? OD;a&T'Hk;bDatmifwdkY&JU (Power)uawmh txufjrefrmjynf
kyf&SifavmurSm vdkw&(All Found)yJ/
tJ ck uRefawmfwdkYacwfudka&mufNyD/ jynfolydkifvnf; odrf;vdkufNyD/
txufjrefrmjynfudkvnf; ykwfjywf tNyD;tydkifZmwfum;xkyfudk igh0rf;
ylqmraeomvdkY a&mif;vdkuf&NyD/ rEav;udk oGm;Munfhprf;ygvm;/ udk,fh
Zmwfum;udak &mif;xm;wJh tvkyw
f u
kd u
f kd 0if&ifawmif rsufEmS csKd aoG;NyD;
0if&wm/ olwdkYuvnf; odw,fAs ]]'DaumifawGvm&if ydkufqHawmif;
rSmyJ}}vdYk tck[m olwu
Ykd aumfr&Sipf m; ud,
k pf m;vS,rf [kwaf wmhb;l av/
aiGudk t&pfusay;kHeJY um;ydkif&SifawGjzpfaeNyDudk;/ uRefawmfwdkYa&muf
vmNyDqdkwmeJY tjypfawG&SmNyD;/ ]]tvkyfudkayghw,f pnf;urf;r&Sdbl;
ydkpwm aMumfjim tcsdefeJYra&mufbl;/ erlemydkif; ydkYr,f qdkNyD;rydkYbl;?
'DrSm b,favmufepfemovJ rsufESmysuf&ovJodvm;}}
qlyljrnfwGefawmufwD;aevdkufwm/ e*dkurS pdwf"mwfusaewJh
vlqdkawmh ]]tif; [kwfrSmygyJ wpfavmuvHk; ightjypfcsnf;ygyJ/ ighES,f
udk,fhypnf;eJYudk,f acG;vHk;vHk; jzpfygayghvm;vdkY cHpm;rdwmygyJ/ wpfcsdef
wkef;u &ifaumhNyD; rEav;udk vmcJhMuwJh Zmwfum;xkwf vkyfolawG
ckawmh acgif;iHkYvm acgif;iHkYjyefMu&&Smw,f arhvdkYr&vdkYyg/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf

Q: tJ'Dawmh olwdkYu bmjyefajymvJ/

A: bmudk bmjyefajym&rSmvJ/
Q: r[kwfbl;av bBuD;atmif apmapmu

azazu olUtaremrnf ]]a':cspf}}ukd

,l uRefrukd ]]cspfcspfaZmf}} [ktrnfay;cJh
onf / tazajymjyaom uRef r emrnf \
t"dyg ,fouf a&mufru
I o
dk v
d u
kd &f onfh tcsdef
rSp tzGm;trnfESifhtazhtrnfaygif;pyf um
vljzpfvmcJh&onfhuRefronf ]]tazcspforD;?
tazwlorD;? tazhajc&meif;rnfhorD;}}[k
ukd,fhukd,fukd *kPfyk'frsm;wyfum 0Hh<um;cJhrdyg
onf/ uRefru tazwlcsifwmukd; . . .
]]orD;arG;&if tazeJYwlrSBuD;yGm;r,f}}wJh
uRefr Mum;zl;em;0&SdcJh aompum;? uRefrukd
vlwkdif;u tazeJYwlw,f? tazhrsufcHk;? tazh
EIwfcrf; cRwfpGyfyJ[laompum;rsm;ajymav
uRef r rS m Bud w f B ud w f N yD ; yD w d j zpf & avyg/
xkyd w
D pd w
d Ef iS w
hf pfxyfwnf;aygufymG ;vmwmu
k y f & nf ? pd w f " mwf o mru tazh 0 goem?
tazhajc&m? tazh&nfrSef;csuftxdyg vdkufwl
csifpdwfu uRefr&ifxJ i,fpOfuwnf;u
tjrpfwG,faerdcJhygw,f/
orD;BuD;&if bmvkyfrvJ rif;orD;vkyf
r,f? ausmif;q&mrBuD;vkyfr,fqkdwm i,f
i,fwnf;u uRefr\rajymif;vJaom]tajz}
yifjzpfonf/ kyf&SifavmuxJr0ifcif uRefr
tazu ]jrefrmpm}oifjyay;aom ausmif;
q&m(tjyifusL&Sifq&m)jzpfcJhonfukd;/
'gaMumifh uRefrq,fwef;atmifawmh
azazhvydk J ]jrefrmpm}t"du eJY wuov
dk w
f uf
cJhygw,f/ 'kwd,ESpfrSm ]EGJUqkd;}pdkufNyD; tEk
ynmavmurSm emrnfao;ao;av;eJY odum
&S&d &dS yfwnfEidk zf Ydk azazu ysKd;axmifay;cJw
h ,f/
wpfum;p? ESpfum;puae um;av; txdkuf
tavsmufdkufvmcJh&ayr,fh uRefrqEwpfck
u rjynfh0EkdifcJhao;ygbl;/ tJ'DqEpdwful;
tdyfrufukd taumiftxnfazmfEkdifzkdYtwGuf
uRef r final year rS m 'Q" 0if z k d Y tjyif ;
txefBudK;pm;cJhygw,f/ 'grS M.A qufwuf
cG i f h & rS m uk d ; / uRef r wk d Y a cwf u M.A NyD ; rS
wuokdvfrSm enf;jyjzpfrSmqkdawmh uRefrtdyf
ruftwGuf M.A qufwuf&rnf/ nwkdif;
tdyfvdkYr&Ekdifatmif pdwful;xJukd0if0ifESdyf
pufaewmu ausmif;wuf&if;? pmoif&if;?
uefwif;xkdif&if;
ai;armtm;uscJh&wJh
]wuokdvf q&mr}
b0/
]jzpf a tmif v k y f
r,f ? vk y f & if j zpf
w,f}qkdwm uRefr&JU
ukd,fykdif aqmifyk'fyg/
um;du
k &f if; pmusuf?
pmusuf&if; um;du
k /f
tqHk;rSmawmh uRefr
qEjynfhukdjynfh&r,f
vkdY cH,lcsufNrJNrJxm;
cJyh gw,f/ tJ'h t
D wGuf
uRef t cuf t cJ a wG
trsm;BuD ; uk d jzwf
ausmfcJh&ygw,f/ tJh'D
tcsdef ]vif;vif;}u okyfaqmifavmurSm awmfawmfav;atmifjrif
pjyKaeNyDqkdawmh ]arar}u uRefrukd vHk;0vSnfhrMunfhEkdifbJ ti,f
aemufom waumufaumufvdkufaecJh&ygw,f/ uRefrrSm ausmif;wpf
zuf? um;dkufwpfzuf? vkdtyfwJhypnf;yp,0,f&wmeJY t&rf;uoDcJh
ygw,f/ wpfcgwav pmar;yGJeJYum;dkufwkdufqkdifoGm;wmrsKd;(Oyrm]yef;yef vsufyg}qkd OD;armifay;wJh&ufukddkuf&wm pmar;yGJ&ufBuD;yg)
qkd&if ykdyifyef;ygw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u tckvkd 'DZkdifemawGvnf; ray:ao;
wJhtjyif? ukd,fykdifum;uvnf;r&Sd? azazu pnf;urf;t&rf;BuD;awmh
NcdK;NcHacRwm&wmwpfrsKd;eJY wpfcgwav pdwft&rf;rsm;vmwkdif; a&csKd;
cef;xJ0if0ifNyD; ikdcs&wm cPcPyg/
'gayr,fhvnf; tJ'DtcuftcJawGukdausmfjzwfcJhNyD; aemufqHk;awmh
uRefrarQmfrSef;cJhwJh yef;wkdifwpf0ufukd a&mufEkdifcJhygw,f/ uRefrb0
&JUtaysmfqHk;aeYawGxJu wpfaeYaygh/ atmifpm&if;pm&GufrS uRefr
emrnfab;rSm Mu,fuav;oHk;yGifh/ aysmfvdkufonfhtrsKd;? ajczsm;ESifh
ajrBuD;rxdawmh/ MunfhNyD;om;ukd MunfhNyD;&ifjyefMunfh MunfhvkdYukdr0cJh
wmyg/ r[m0dZmausmif;olBuD;uRefr ukd,fhukd,fukd *kPf,lvkdYrqHk;/
a[m ausmif;wufvrYdk S wpfEpS yf &J adS o; Murmqk;d u uRefrwkaYd usmif;om;
awGqDudk rxifrSwfyJwkd;0ifvmawmhwmygyJ/ ]88ta&;tcif;} ausmif;
awGESpf&Snfydwfa&m/ aovdkufMuwJhausmif;om;awG? wcsKdUoli,fcsif;
awGvnf; axmifus? wcsKdUu ta0;a&muf pdwf"mwfawGukdusa&m/
ausmif;awGjyefzGifhawmh wufcsifpdwfuvHk;vHk;r&Sd/ ausmif;xJrSm ajcrcs
csifaomfvnf; &Sd&if;pGJtdyfrufuav;ukdvnf;rysufcsif 'DvkdeJYyJ uRefr
r[m0dZmukd ZGJ&Sd&SdeJYNyD;atmifwufcJhygw,f/

tckqkd&if uRefrwkdYtEkynmavmurSm ynmwwfawGt&rf;ukd

rsm;vmygNyD/ *kPf,lp&myg/ wu,fvnf;awmfMuygw,f/ uRefrtwGuf
uawmh e*kdtcHynmyg&rDenf;awmh kd;dk;ar*smom&cJhayr,fh &wJhar*sm
rSmxl;cRefatmifBudK;pm;r,fqkdwJhpdwfeJY twif;ukdvkyf,lcJh&wmyg/ tJh'D
twGuf uRefrtdyfrufukdtaumiftxnfazmfEkdifcJhygw,f/ ,Ofaus;rI
wuokdvfrS enf;jyq&mrav;b0? aysmfvdkufwJhtrsKd;/ arNrdKUrSm
um;dkufae&if; tvkyfcefYpm&wm uRefrb0&JU tarhEkdifwJhaeYuav;yg/
uRefr ]q&mr}jzpfcJhNyDaygh/
araru azazhukd ]q&m}vkdYac:ygw,f/ 'gqkd uRefrcspfoluvnf;
uRefrukd ]q&mr}vkdYac:rSmvm;/ wynfhawGuvnf; ]q&mr}vkdYac:Mu
rSmaygh/ pdwful;eJYl;cJh&wJhvufawGUb0ukd uRefra&mufjzpfcJhygw,f/
tJh'DtwGufay;qyfvdkuf&wmu uRefr&JU]tEkynm}/ 0efxrf;jzpfoGm;cJh
NyDrkdY um;dkufukd t&ifvkdvufcHr&awmhyg/ jiif;&if;jiif;&if; usJvm
wJhtxdygyJ/ 'gayr,fh uRefruawmh taysmfrysufcJhygbl;/ ]q&mr}qkd
wm uRefr&JUtdyfrufyJav/ ]0efxrf;ouf (3)ESpfjynfh&if Ph.D ajzvkdY
&onf}wJ/h tJ'h g uRefr&JUaemufqufwt
JG yd rf uf? ynmavmb/ tawG;eJY
wif b,favmuf*P
k w
f ufc&hJ ovJ taumiftxnfazmf&r,faygh/ 'gay
r,fh tJ'Dhpdwful;taysmfu avxJrSmyJ aysmufuG,fcJh&ygw,f/
uRefronf yef;jcif;av;rsm;pkaqmif;jcif;ukt
d vGe0f goemygygonf/
xkdaeYu uReftvGefBudKufaom yef;jcif;av;ESpfjcif;ukd0,f um;ay:
wifxm;rdonf/ pae? we*FaEG ausmif;ydwf&uf? tm;vHk;&ifxJ
yDwDawGa0aeaom xkdaeY&ufuav;ukd uRefr&ifxJ rSwfrSwfxifxif&Sd
aeygonf/ uRefrtpfukd ukdrkduf('gdkufwmrkdufwD;)u ]cspfaZmf 'DaeY

tarpkvGwfNyDwJh}/ ][,f} uRefrwpfukd,fvHk; Muuf

oD;arG;nif;rsm;xvmonftxd taysmfrsm;0ifa&muf
vmygonf/ uRefrwkEYd idk if \
H vGwv
f yf a&;acgif;aqmif?
wk d i f ; jynf t wG u f uk d , f u sKd ; pG e f Y t ouf a y;cJ h a om
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;\]orD;}? AkdvfcsKyfuJhokdYav;pm;cspf
cif&rnfhol? xkdpdwfESifh uRefr ]tarpk}ukd cspfjrwfEkd;
ygonf/ xkdrSvGJ tjcm;aom EkdifiHa&;udp&yfrsm;ukd
uRefr rodyg? em;rvnfcsifyg/ tjyifrSm wpfcgrS
rjrifbl;aom tarpkukd jrifzl;csifpdwf? EIwfqufcsif
pd w f u av;ES i f h o m uRef r wk d Y a rmif E S r ES p f a ,muf
wuokdvf&dyfomvrf;okdY a&mufcJhMuygw,f/ tkd;
bmajymaumif;rvJ? vltkyfBuD;? tjzLtpdrf;0wf
uav;awG wcsKdUvnf; yef;pnf;uav;awGukdifvkdY?
0if ; wH c g;&J U twG i f ; buf r S m awmh yef ; awG a 0aewJ h
tarpk&JUusufoa&&SdvSwJhrsufESmav;/ Munfhprf;
uRefrpdwfxJ AkdvfcsKyfukdjyefawGUvdkuf&ovkd? MunfEl;
pdwfuav;jzpfrdonfhw'*F? jzwfueJ um;ay:rS yef;
jcif ; uav;uk d o wd & oG m ;ygonf / uRef r pd w f E S i f h
wpfxyfwnf;ukdrkdufuvnf; tjzLa&mifpuLav;
aumufxkwfpma&;yef;jcif;av;rSmcsdwfay;awmhwmyJ/
wkd;vdkuf&wm vltkyfBuD;ukdrenf;/ aemufqHk;awmh
uRefryef;jcif;uav; 0if;wHcg;twGif;okdY atmifjrifpGm
a&mufoGm;ygawmhw,f/ tarpktwGuf uRefr&JUtjzL
a&mif*kPfjyKyef;jcif;uav;/
wevFmaeYqkd ausmif;rwufcsif/ Mum;xJrSm
ydwf&ufESpf&ufawmifcHxm;awmh vluyJysif;oGm;wm
vm;? pdwfurygwmvm;/ 'gayr,fhvnf; 0efxrf;av
ysufvkdYrSr&wm/ uRefr&JUxkdifcHka&mufvkdY ausmif;wuf
NyDqkdwmeJY ]TefcsKyf}uac:vkdYwJh/ &ifxJ 'def;ueJ
0rf;om&awmhrSmvm;/ Promotion awGeD;NyDqkdwm
uRefrodxm;onf/ 'DwpfokwfrSm uRefryg rSmvnf;
aocsmoavmufeD;eD;/ taysmfwpf0uf ajcvSrf;oGuf
oGuef YJ uRefrvlBuD;tcef;ukt
d a&muf ]Tecf sKyf}rsufEmS
rnf ; vsuf a'gojzpf a ewm aocsmaomrsuf E S m
]oGm;NyD} &mxl;wk;d ay;rnfrh sufEmS r[kw/f ]ig bmtrSm;
vkyx
f m;rdygvdrhf ighujdk zpfwahJ 'govm; r[kwEf idk ?f Za0
Z0gtawG;ESihf pdwu
f ;l av;yifq;kH atmifr,OfEidk f ]bke;f }
ueJpmtkyfBuD;dkufcsNyD; ]0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;pmtkyfukd
rzwfbl;vm; rodbl;vm;}wJh/ rodyg? rzwfbl;yg/
uRef r onf tEk y nm&S i f w pf a ,muf j zpf y gonf /
0goemygvGef;om uRefrcspfaomtEkynmukdawmif
tqH k ; I H ; tepf e mcH u m ]0ef x rf ; }b0uk d a&G ; cs,f
cJhjcif;jzpfygonf/ xkd0efxrf;
oufwrf;uvnf; tvGefEkyg
ao;onf/ xkdoufwrf;av;
ESifh 0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;ukd uRefr
wu,frodcJhyg/ r&nf&G,fbJ
jzpf oGm;&aomtrSm; ]trSm;}
wJhvm;/ uRefruawmh
]trSm;}[krxifyg/ uRefr Ekid if H
a&;vkyfcJhjcif;r[kwf? atmf
[pf q l y l j cif ; r[k w f ? qE j y
jcif;r[kwf? cspfcifpdwfwpfck
wnf;ESifh rsufESmav;Munfh?
EIwfqufcsifpdwfuav;
wpf c k w nf ; om/ xk d t jzpf
uav;u uRefrwkdYwpfrdom;
pk v H k ; uk d a wmif a xmif c svk d Y &
onfwJh? rdb rsufESmtkd;rnf;okwfonfwJh? uav;awGukd vrf;rSm;
a&mufatmifweG ;f yko
Yd nfw/hJ uRefrua&SUaqmifEmG ;vm; aumufaumuf
oGm;cJhrdNyDaygh/ xdktxdukd uRefrrpOf;pm;cJhrdyg/
wxdwx
f w
d Ef iS hf apmifph m;&aomb0? azaz b,fawmhoo
d mG ;rvJ/
uRefrwkdYom;orD;awGtwGuf tNrJ*kPf,lcsifaomtaz? armf<um;csif
aomtaz? ajzmifhrSefaomtaz uRefraMumifh pdwfrqif;&Japcsifyg/
'Pf&mr&apcsifyg/ okyYd gaomfvnf; uRefrqErjynfch yhJ g/ vlBuD;uk,
d w
f idk f
tazhukdac:Budrf;wJhtxd oem;p&muRefrtaz/ acgif;uav;idkufpdkufcs
vkdY b,favmufaMuuGJcJhovJ/
]bmvkyfrvJ}? ]bmvkyfoifhovJ}qkdwJhar;cGef;u uRefrtwGuf
jywfom;wJhqHk;jzwfcsufwpfckcszkdY wGef;ykdYay;cJhovkdygyJ/
]uRefrtvkyfuxGufygrnf}
xGufcJhygonf/ xGufpmwifvdkufygonf/ 'g uRefrb0&JU0efxrf;
b0tqHk;owfyg/
vkyfouftwkdqHk;0efxrf;
&nfrSef;csufrjynfhvdkuf&aom0efxrf;
wpf0ufwpfysuftdyfrufeJY0efxrf;
]]a':cspfcspfaZmf(enf;jy)}}wJh ESpfpOfa&mufvmwwfwJh ]trsKd;om;
,Ofaus;rIESifhtEkynmwuokdvf}rS q&muefawmhyGJzdwfpmav;u
uRefr &ifukdxdrSefapygonf/ ]aMomf wynfhawG&ifxJrSm uRefr&Sdaeao;
ygvm;}/
cspfcspfaZmf

2929

]]pdkufawG {aq; ...}}

&cdkif {aq; ...}}
onfwpfacguf .../
um;ay:rSmcsnf;av;q,fhav;em&DMumcJhonfh
&cdkifc&D;pOfu ...
wu,fhudktajy;tvTm;yg .../
w0kef;0kef; ...&GmaewJhrdk; ...
w'dkif;'dkif; ...ysufusaewJh ...
av,mOfowif;awGMum;rSm .../
av,mOfysufusbl;wJh usaemf ...
avaMumif;&ef uif;vGwfzdkY ...
trf;awmifMum;vrf;udkausmfjzwfvdkY ...
,mOfwef;eJY oGm;cJh&onf .../
'gvnf; &ifodrfhwkefygyJ ...
&Srf;awmifwef;awGvdk ...
vGrf;a&mifoef;aeayr,fh
trf;awmifMum;vrf;u ...Murf;vSonf .../
a&SUq,fudkufjrifuGif;r&Sif; .../

]]wdkif;rSL;utm;xnfhw,fAs/
usaemfudk,fwdkifawmif at;at;aq;aq;rawGU&ao;bl;/
a&mufvmuwnf;u ...
vHkNcHKa&;eHygwfwpfyJvdkY ...
Briefing ay;NyD;awmufavQmufwyfawGvdkufppf ...
e,fpyfoGm;ppfeJY ...rem;wrf;ygbJ ...}}
taemufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf ...
'kwd,wdkif;rSL;\rSwfcsufjzpfonf .../
wdkif;rSL;topfESifhusaemfwyfxJrSmuwnf;ucifMuonf .../
ppf twlwlwdkufbl;onf/
'Dvdkrdk;onf;xJrSm ...
uu (Munf;) u pDpOfay;onfh ...
&[wf,mOfwpfpD;rSm ..
olESifhusaemf ...
t&m&SdESpfa,mufwnf; ...
twlwloGm;NyD; ..xdkpOfu wdkif;rSL;rsm;xH ...
ta&;BuD;pmrsm; vuf0,fta&mufoGm;ay;zl;onf .../
onfvdkwkefcg&rf;aewJh ...
&moDOwkrsKd; Mum; ...
av,mOfuGif;awG
wpfuGif;NyD;wpfuGif;qif;/
onfvdk
rkd;oufavESif
'kef;'kef;'dkif;'dkif;Mum;rSmygyJ .../
aemufaeY ppfawGa&mufawmh ...
rdk;zGJzGJyJusawmhonf .../
ppfawGonf cgwdkif;vdkyJ ...
usaemfwdkYudk ...
at;wdat;pufBudKqdkvdkYaeonf .../

wpfcsdefuusaemf ...
ajrmufOD;rSyifhaqmifNyD; ...
ppfawG avmumeEmbk&m;0if;twGif;rSm ...
oDwif;oHk;awmfrlaeaom ...
atmifpBuFmrkedbk&m;udk ...
OD;qHk;0ifOD;cdkufvdkufawmh ...
yrf;orQawG? EGrf;orQajy ...
vlu vef;qef;oGm;onf .../
ppfawGrSm wpf&ufomaeEkdifonfrdkY ...
vkyfp&mawG wef;pDvkyf&onf .../
nOD;ydkif;rSmvkyfief;tm;vHk;NyD;oGm;NyD .../
reufzefrjyefrDvlBuD;ESpfa,mufudk ...
*g&0jyK oGm;EIwfqufzdkY ...
pDpOfonf .../
0efBuD;csKyfESifh ...
ppfawGa&mufvmNyDqdkonfh wdkif;rSL;topfwdkYudk EIwfquf&ef
jzpfonf ...
0efBuD;csKyfHk;ar;Munfhawmh ...
c&D;oGm;aeonfajymonf .../
ppfawGrSmtawmfMumMumaecJhzl;olqdkawmh ...
usaemfwnf;cdkonfh ...
Strand Hotel (Sittwe) rSm ...
usaemfhrdwfaqGawG ...
wzGJzGJvmEIwfqufMuonf ...
onfajru ...
uRefawmfhaus;Zl;&Sif atmifajrppfppfjzpfonf .../

&cdkiftrsKd;rsm;ESifhxdawGUMunfhawmh ...
ppfawG omom,m,m&Sdaewm ...
Mum;&od&onf .../

pmrsufESm 31 okdY

ab;b,fnm rSm
atmufajcrjrif&onfh
acsmufawG0ef;&Hxm;onf .../
y'rf;u,mOfwef;pxGufuwnf;u&GmwJh rkd; ...
trf;awmifajca&mufonfhwdkifrpJEkdifcJh .../
trf; wdkif;ppfXmecsKyfudk0ifMunfhawmh ...
rdwfaqGBuD; ..wdkif;rSL;ur&Sd .../
]]tpfudkwdkY a&SUqufwdk;vdkY&rSmr[kwfawmhbl;/
arSmifpysKd;aeNyD? rdk;awGwtm;onf;NyD;vrf;acsmfaew,f}}
vSnfhjyefvmonfh ,mOfarmif;wpfOD;pum;aMumifh ...
uRefawmfwdkY trf;rSmyJwpfn ...
tajcjyKzdkY pOf;pm;cJh&onf .../
'kwdkif;rSL; q&morm;u wm0efauspGm ...
{nfh0wfjyKonf .../
olu ...uRefawmfwdkY ...

wyf&if;rSL; oifwef;wufwkef;u ...

oHawmifrSm oifwef;rSL; ...q&mjzpfcJhbl;onf .../

30

,cifwpfywfrS tquf
pmrsufESm 30 rS tquf

uGsefawmfvnf; vly&dowfeJYcyfa0;a0; jzpfaeNyDav/ musician

awGeJY jyefqufqHr,f? pwl'D,dkawGeJY jyefqufqHr,f/ ukd,fpdwfBudKufyHk
pHjzpfatmif vkyf&r,f/ w&m;tm;xkwfwmwif awmfawmfyifyef;wm/
ukd,fhtaMumif;ukd,f complete odoGm;wJhtcsdeftxd 'DbufudkyJ
uGsefawmfoGm;aerSmyJ/ 'gukd uefawmhqGrf;vkyf&wmaygh/ tJonfawmh
a&;NyD;oavmufeJYyJ auseyfMuygvdkY ajymcsifygw,f/
aps;qpfwJhoabmayghaemf/ avmuDoDcsif;awG q&mra&;jzpf&if
avmukw& meJyY wfoufw"hJ rocD sif;rsm; q&m pdwrf ulb;l vm;/ bmjzpfvYkd
vJqdkawmh "roDcsif;ukd version topfawGeJYrSdbl;/ wcsdKU tif'dkeD;Sm;
;u[mukdyJ oDcsif;vkyfaewJhvlrsdK;awGSdw,f/
[kww
f ,f/ [kww
f ,f/ tJ'guvnf; uGsefawmfb
h ufu pmom;awG
u xGufzdkYu udprSdygbl;/ tyifyef;awmh rBuD;ygbl;/ "reJYywfoufvdkY
avhvmrItm;&,f? cEmrSmavhvmrItm;&,f? pmrSmavhvmrItm;&,f/
tJonfhESpfckaygif;vdkuf&ifawmh xGufzdkYSdygw,f/ qdkvdkwmu oHpOf
uk,
d zhf momuk,
d f vkycf sifvyk af ygh/ Adv
k cf sKyfrLS ;BuD;oDcsif;vdak ygh/ pmom;ay;
w,f/ oHpOfukd,fh[mukd,fxnfhaygh/ tck uGsefawmfpma&;&if tufaq;
oabmrsdK;a&;w,f/ ykdYpfav;awGa&;w,f/ oDcsif;oabma&;w,f/
tJ'gav;awGukdyJ vkyf&ifawmh&ygw,f/ oD;oefYBuD; oDcsif;a&;zdkYu
jroef;pHvnf; *dwfqHk;aeygNyD/ 'Dxufvnf; emrnfBuD;p&mvnf;
rSad wmhb;l / aemufocD sif;awGa&;vdv
Yk nf; emrnfyBdk uD;vmp&mtaMumif;
rSdygbl;/ awmfMum "reJYywfoufNyD; ukd,fhukd,fukd/ "ry&dowf
oufoufw
dS ,fav/ 'DvBl uD; 'Dtcsdeu
f srS uk,
d af xG;wJw
h aH xG;ukjd yefNyD;
aumufrsdKaejyefNyDqdkvnf; raumif;jyefbl;As/ t"duuawmh um,uH
SifeJYyJ qdkifwmaygh/ uGsefawmfukd,fwdkif tJonfhbufrSm tmHkenf;
oGm;NyDav/ pmvdkawGawmh&rSmaygh/ q&mOD;okc&JUaw;bkrmwdkY bmwdkY/
tJ'grsdK;av;awG? tedp'kutewvdk[m/ q&mBuD;OD;okcukd,fwdkif
jzpfcsifwmvnf;rjzpf&wm? rjzpfwmvnf; jzpf&wmwdkY? b0oHo&moD
csif;wdkYaumif;w,f/ 'DvdkrsdK;[mrsdK;vnf; xGufrvmbl;vdkY rajymEdkifbl;/
wefz;kd xm;wJv
h ?l uGsefawmf&h UJ tmH?k uGsefawmf&h UJ tEkynmtay:xm;wJph w
d f
ul;/ tEkynmtay: ESpfwJhpdwfpGrf;tm;ukd wefzdk;xm;wJholSd&if tcsdef
raG;ajymyg/ 'DvdkrSr[kwfbJeJY 'gav;ukd vTifhvkdufr,fuGm/ jroef;pH
oGm;a&;cdkif;vdkuf/ tJonfhoDcsif;udkvTifhvkduf/ NyD;&if aemufwpfckaygh/
yGJNyD;rD;aysmuf/ aps;zGifhyGJwdkY? wHwm;zGifhyGJwdkY vmrvkyfygeJYvdkY/ uGsefawmf

onfumvav; ...
olwdkYqDrSm vlBuD;ESpfa,mufajymif;oGm;onf/
onfESpfa,mufvHk;udk ...
olwdkYoabmawGUaeMuonf/
]]0efBuD;csKyftopfu ...
yGifhvif;w,f ...
wm0efcHw,f ...
uRefawmfwdkYvdkcsifwm ...
'gbJAs}}[k ...
&cdkifrSm uRefawmfwdkY ...
wav;wpm;cifrif&aom ...
a&SUrDaemufrD? &yfrd&yfz ...
tb OD;xGef;armifu ajymonf ...
ppfawGom; ausmfZHvif;u ...
]]0efBuD;csKyfa&m ...
wdkif;rSL;a&m nDw,ftpfudk/
twlwGJ ...twloGm;/
tvkyfvkyfaeMuwm/
uRefawmfwdkYtm;&Sdw,f/
[dkwavmu ...
NGO awG &cdkifjyefoGif;r,fhudp ...
wpfzGJUudk ...uRefawmfwdkYvufrcHEkdifwm ...
0efBuD;csKyfu ...
olwm0ef,laMumif; ...
cifAsm;wdkYpdwfylwJh ...
bufvdkufrIrsKd; ...vHk;0rjzpfap&bl;vdkY ...
&cdkifvlxkudk csufcsif;awGUNyD;
&Sif;jyoGm;w,f/
ukvor*u
rp &ef[D;vD vmwkef;uvnf; ...
'DvdkbJ ...
BudKufw,fAsm ...}}[kqdkonf ...
&cdkiftusKd;udk ...
apwemoefYoefYjzifh ...
ulnDrIudk &cdkifu ...
wu,fBudKqdkaewmawGUcJh&onf .../

pdwyf suv
f eG ;f vdyYk g/ vrf;zGiyhf JG U U U [m 'D[mav; igwdv
Yk yk v
f u
dk &f ifawmhaygh/
'Dwm0efSdwJhvlqdkwmu olwm0efSdwJhtcsdefrSm 'DtEkynmSifqDu
ypn;f wpfc&k zd/Yk uGsefawmfwEYkd ikd if u
H tJonfvjkd zpfaew,f/ 'DynmSiaf wG
aumufoHk;w,f/ oHk;NyD;awmh wm0efSdwJholu tJonfhoDcsif;vnf;arh
a&m? olvnf;rcHpm;awmhbl;/ e*dkuwnf;u olu rcHpm;bl;av/
olU&mxl; cover jzpfatmif oleq
YJ ikd &f mqdik &f m tEkynmSiu
f kd ac:a&;cdik ;f
wm/ NyD;&ifNyD;oGm;jyefNyD/ v,form;oDcsif; U U U odef;ig;q,fay;vdkuf&if
&NyD/ aumif;vm; U U U vTi/hf olvnf; rodb;l / [du
k vnf; twifjycHwv
hJ l
uvnf; rodbl;/ tJ'gqdk 'DtEkynmypnf;tay:rSm &if;&wJhvlu
rwefbl;/ tJonfawmh &if;&wJhvl wefapcsifw,f/ 'Drdkua&pDusapcsif
ygw,f/ &if;wJhvlawGwefatmif 0dkif;0ef;NyD;awmh BudK;pm;MuygOD;vdkY
uGsefawmf ajymcsifygw,f/
aus;Zl ; ygq&m/
/

rzGHUNzdK;ao;aoma'o ...
zGHUNzdK;&efwmplaeNyDjzpfaoma'ou ...
dk;om;aom&cdkifwdkif;&if;om;awG ...
cspfzdkYaumif;onf .../

nydkif;tvkyfawGNyD;awmh ...
AEKv&dyfomrSm
wdkif;rSL;udkoGm;EIwfqufawmhvnf;
rdwfaqGBuD;ur&Sdjyef/
yifv,f0bufrSm
vHkNcHKa&;? wyfcsxm;wmawG
vdkufppfaeonf[kqdkonf/
awmfawmftvkyfvkyfwJh
wdkif;rSL;topfyJ/
&cdkifa&mufvmwJhoHk;ywfvHk; ...
olwpf&ufrS rem;ao;yg .../
eyc G1 ESifhtwl
wdkif;rSL;&SdwJhae&m/
narSmifarSmifxJrSm? vdkufoGm;awmh/
&THUxJAGufxJ ..rdk;oJoJxJrSm ...
wyfawGvdkufppfaeaomwdkif;rSL;udk ...
bGm;ceJawGU&onf .../

ewfjrpf0rS BP(1) txd ...

a&vrf;a&rdkifav;q,fausmf .../
ukef;vrf;ukef;rdkifwpf&mhajcmufq,fausmfudk ...
rem;wrf;ywfppfaq;aecJhwmygvm; .../
oGm;&wJholuawmhrod ...
olrem;wrf;oGm;aewJhvrf;aMumif;udk ...
em;axmif&if; Mum;&olusaemfudk,fwdkifyif ...
armvmonf .../
]]e,fajrvHkNcHKapcsifw,f ...
&cdkifat;csrf;apcsifw,fAsm ...}}[k
wdkif;rSL;uqdkonf .../
]]cifAsm;wdkYESpfa,muf wufnDvufnD ...
vkyfaewmt&rf;tm;&Muw,f ...
&cdkifat;csrf;awmhrSmyg ...}}[k
uRefawmfajymawmholu ...
xHk;pHtwdkif; ...
yg;csKdifhav;awGay:atmifNyHK;onf .../
]]&cdkifat;csrf;&ifauseyfygNyDAsm}}[k ...
dk;&Sif;pGmajymonf .../

BudKwif Appointment r,lrdbJ ...

kwfcsnf;a&mufvmayr,fh ...
tvdkufrodwJh{nfhonfusaemfwdkYudk ...
oluvdIufvdIufvSJvSJ ...
tNyHK;eJYBudKqdkonf .../

tJonfhneufeufrSmyJ ..
uRefawmfwdkY ppfawGujyefonf .../
bmvHkNcHKa&;rSrygaom ...
um;oHk;pif;yg,mOfwef;onf .../
ppfawG? ausmufawmf? trf;
awmifwef;rsm;ay:ausmf ...
acsmacsmarmarmjzwfoGm;cJhMuonf .../
ppfawGtxGufrSmawmh
rdk;vHk;0wdwfoGm;NyD .../

olb,fa&mufaewmvJ ar;awmh ...

oloGm;aewJh vrf;aMumif;awGudk ...
&Sif;jyonf .../
&cdkifa'ovHkNcHKa&;twGuf ...
olonf ...
wpfzufEkdifiHESifhxdpyfaeaom ...

aumif;uifarmhMunfhawmh .../
v&dyfav; ...
a&;a&;ay:xGufvmwmawGU&onf .../
rMumcifawmh ...
v om awmh rnf/
armifarmif(&efukefwuodkvf)

31

AdkvfcsKyf'dkiftefvef

&efukefNrdKUawmf *syefvufatmufodkY usqHk;oGm;aom 1942 ckESpf?

rwfv (8)&ufaeYwGif wkwf? trSwf(5)wyfrawmfrS trSwf(200)wyfr
\ a&SUajy;wyfzGJU awmifilodkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ NAdwdoQwdkY\ wyfpcef;
&Sdaom awmifilNrdKUudk wkwfwyfrsm;u vTJajymif;,lvdkufonf/ awmifil
onf ajrmufzufrEav;odkYoGm;aomvrf;ESifh ta&SUzufppfawmif;jrpf
ul;wHwm;ESihf u&ifeeD ,f? &Sr;f jynfe,f vm;d;I ESihf ,leefe,ftxdomG ;Ekid f
aomvrf;ay:wGif&Sdojzifh ta&;BuD;onfh NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfonf/ awmifil
usoGm;jcif;jzifh r[mrdwfwdkY\ cHppfvdkif;usqHk;oGm;NyD; Armjynftv,f
ydkif;odkY *syefwyfrsm; tvG,fwul xdk;azmuf0ifa&mufoGm;Ekdifonf/
wyf r rS L ;Ad k v f c sKyf ' d k i f t ef v ef ( Major General Dai Anlan)onf
awmifilwGif yifrcHppfpcef;tjzpfjyifqifNyD; awmifbuf&Sd tkwfwGif;
wGif a&SUwef;cHppfvdkif;udk wnfaqmufonf/ awmifbufjzL;rS (12)
rkdiftuGmwGif&Sdaom uGef;acsmif;urf;yg;odkY trSwf(598)wyf&if;\ wyfcGJ
(1)ckudk ,E,m;wyfrsm;ESifhtwl csDwufwyfpGJaponf/ wyfcGJwpfcGJudk
ppfawmif;jrpful;wHwm;udkapmifh&ef wm0efcsxm;onfh trSwf(200)
wyfronf awmifilNrdKUdk;a[mif;twGif;wGif uwkwfusif;rsm;wl;NyD; cHppf

*syefwyfrsm; awmifilukdcsOf;uyfaeyHk
jyifqifonf/ awmifiw
l iG f NrdKUopfEiS hf NrdKUa[mif; (2)ck&dS
onf/ NrdKUopfrSm &xm;vrf;ta&SUzufwGif&SdNyD; NrdKU
a[mif;rSm &xm;vrf;taemufzufwGif &Sdonf/ NrdKU
a[mif;rSm usKH;ywfvnf0ef;&Hxm;NyD; NrdKUdk;wHwdkif;BuD;
&Sdojzifh wkyfwyfrsm;twGuf taumif;qHk;cHppftae
txm;jzpfonf/
(18?3?1942)&uf a eY w G i f *syef w yf r (55)\
a&SUajy;wyfrsm; uGe;f acsmif;urf;yg;odYk qdu
k af &mufvm
Muonf/ wkwfwyfrsm;\ ckcHrIaMumifh *syefppf
aMumif;(3)&ufcefY tjyif;txefwdkuf&onf/
(24?3?1942)&uf a eY w G i f *syef t rS w f ( 112)
ajcvsifwyf&if;u tkwfwGif;udk wdkufaepOf trSwf
(143)wyf&if;u jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;wyf rsm;\ tul
tnDjzifh dk;rawmifajcrSywf awmifiltaemufbuf
odYk csDwufonf/ xdrk w
S pfqifh ajrmufzuf(6)uDvrkd w
D m
tuGmwGif&Sdaom aus;awmav,mOfuGif;ESifh &xm;
blwmHkwdkYudk wdkufcdkufonf/ av,mOfuGif;apmifh
tif*sifeD,mwyfrSL;onf av,mOfuGif;rS tjrefqkwf
cGmxGufajy;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh awmifilrS ajrmufzuf
odkY qufoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif; jywfawmufoGm;NyD;
oHk;rsufESm0dkif;&Hjcif; cHxm;&onf/ ta&SUzufrsufESm
wpfckom yGifhaeonf/
AdkvfcsKyf'dkifonf jyifycHppfvdkif;rsm;udk pGefYvTwf
vdu
k Nf yD; awmifiNl rdKUvHNk cHKa&;udo
k m tmHpk u
kd af qmif&u
G f
onf/ trSwf(598)wyf&if;udk awmifilNrdKU\ ajrmuf
zufrsufESmvHkNcHKa&;udk wm0ef,laponf/ trSwf
(599)wyf&if;udk awmufzufrsufESmvHkNcHKa&;udkvnf;
aumif;? trSwf (600)wyf&if;udk NrdKU\taemuf
bufrsufEmS udk wyfpaJG ponf/ wyfrXmecsKyfukd NrdKUxJrS

32

ppfawmif;jrpf ta&SUzufurf;udk ajymif;a&TUvdu

k o
f nf/ *syefwYkd
\avaMumif;wdkufcdkufrIESifh tajrmufjzifh wdkufcdkufrIudk
a&Smif&Sm;&efESifh wpfckwnf;aom yGifhaeonfh qufoG,fa&;
vrf;aMumif;udk xde;f odr;f &efjzpfonf/ ,refaeYu a&muf&v
dS maom
wyfulrsm;udk ta&SUzufurf;wGif ae&mcsxm;onf/ ,if;wyfrsm;u
wyfrXmecsKyfvHkNcHKa&;udk wm0ef,lxm;onf/
rwfv (25)&ufaeY? eHeuf (8)em&DrpS wif *syefwyfrsm; ppfrsufEmS
oHk;zufrS wpfNydKifeuf wdkufcdkufMuonf/ *syefwyf&if; 143 u 0Jzuf
rSvnf;aumif;? 112 wyf&if;u ,mzufrSvnf;aumif;? ,E,m;wyf
&if;u ajcvsifwyf&if;rS wyfcGJwpfcGJESifhtwl ppfawmif;jrpfurf;wpf
avQmufudk wdkufcdkufMuonf/ taemufajrmufzufcHppfrS wkwfwyf
rsm;\ tjyif;txefckcHrIaMumifh *syefwyfrsm; n(10;00)em&Dtxd a&SU
rwdk;Ekdifjzpfaeonf/ xdkYaemufrS xdk;azmuf0ifa&mufEkdifNyD; wyf&if;
wpf&if;vHk; NrdKUxJodkYa&muf&SdoGm;onf/ wkwf(600)wyf&if;ESifh 598
wyf&if;wdkYu jyefvnfxdk;ppfqifwdkufcdkufMu&m wpftdrf0ifwpftdrf
xGuf teD;uyfwdkufyGJrsm; jzpfyGm;onf/ wyfcsif;a&maeonfhtwGuf
*syefwyfrsm;taejzifh avaMumif;ypful tajrmufwyf\ tultnD
ray;Ekdifyg/ wefjyefxdk;ppfratmifjrif *syefwdkYtaejzifh aumif;pGm
ajcukwf&oGm;onf/ taqmuftODrsm;ESifh teD;&Sd ocsKif;tkwfwHwdkif;
wdkYudk tumtuG,ftjzpf toHk;csonf/ trSwf (600)wyf&if;onf
jyefvnfqkwfcGmNyD; tjcm;wyf&if; (2)&if;ESifhtwl NrdKUudk qufvuf
umuG,f&efjyifqifMuonf/ ppfawmif;jrpful;wHwm;onf *syefwdkY\
t"duypfrSwfjzpfaeNyD; jyif;xefpGmxdcdkufysufpD;NyD; ,mOfrsm; jzwfoef;
oGm;vm cufcJvmygonf/
rwfv (26)&ufaeYwGif *syeftrSwf(112)ajcvsifwyf&if;onf
NrdKU\taemufawmifaxmifu
h kd qufvufwu
kd cf u
kd af omfvnf; wd;k wufrI
r&&Sday/ vuf0JzufppfaMumif;onf NrdKU\taemufajrmufzufudk wdkuf
cdkufonf/ ,E,m;wyf&if;\ wdkufppfudkvnf; wGef;vSefcJh&onf/
wkwf wyfrsm;onf *syefwyf&if; (112)ESifh ,E,m;wyfrsm;udk wefjyef
xdk;ppfqifETJonfh ppfaMumif;wpfckvQif wyfom; (300)pD yg0ifonf/
,if; xdk;ppfrSmvnf; wyfvef qkwfcGm&ojzifh tustqHk;rsm;NyD;
cHppf\ BuHUcdkifrIavQmhusvmonf/
naeydkif;wGif *syefwyfrsm;onf &xm;vrf;\ taemufydkif;NrdKU
a[mif;udk odrf;rdoGm;NyD; &xm;vrf;ta&SUzufrS wkwfwyfrsm;ESifh rDwm
(100)cefYom uGma0;awmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh avaMumif;rS AHk;BuJwdkuf
cdkufEkdif&ef aemufodkY rDwm (200)cefYtuGmodkY qkwfay;onf/ *syef
avwyfrS AHk;BuJwdkufcdkuf wkwfwyfrsm;onf AHk;cdkusif;rsm;twGif;
ykef;atmif;aeNyD; aemufydkif;wGif jyefvnfxGufay:vmum *syefwyfrsm;
udk tjyif;txefypfcwfwdkufcdkufonf/ *syefppfaMumif; rDwm (4050)ceft
Y uGmodYk a&muf&v
dS maomtcg pufaoewfrsm; vufypfA;kH rsm;jzifh
teD;uyfwdkufyGJrsm; qifETJMuonf/ odkYjzifh xyfcgxyfcg wpfaeukef
wdkufMuojzifh ae0ifaomtcg trSwf(200)wyfrwGif xdcdkuf'Pf&m
&ol trsm;tjym;&SdvmNyD; *syefzufrSmvnf; tvm;wljzpfae xdk;ppf
qifwdkufcdkuf&ef cufcJvmonf/
ppful wkwfwyfr(22)onf a&wm&Snf\ ajrmufzufodkY a&muf
&SdvmNyD; *syefppfaMumif;rsm;udk ydwfqdkY&ef BudK;pm;onfhtwGuf *syef
wyf&if;(143)\ 'kwd,wyfcGJudk eefcRefodkY csDwufae&m,laponf/
xdkodkY wkwfwyfr (22)awmifilodkY ra&mufap&ef ydwfqdkY&onfhtwGuf
*syefwyfrsm;\ xdk;ppfudk avsmhusaponf/
*syefwyfr(55)\ wwd,wyf&if;jzpfaom trSwf(144)wyf&if;?
tajrmufwyf&if;ESifh ,E&m;wyf&if;rsm;onf awmifilwdkufyGJwGif ryg0if
ojzifh wyfr (55)wGif vltiftm; tjynfht0 ryg&Sdojzifh xdk;ppfrSm
ratmifrjrifjzpfaeonf/

pmrsufESm 33 okdY

wkwfwyfrsm; awmifilukdcsOf;uyfaeyHk

pmrsufESm 32 rS tquf

(29-7-2014)? (37)&ufajrmufaeY jynfolUvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wGif OD;atmifZif?

ykZGefawmifrJqEe,f\jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmfESifU vdkufavsmnDaxGrI&SdrnfU 'Drkdua&pDpepfwpfckukd
ykdrkdazmfaqmifEkdifaom tcsKd;usukd,fpm;jyKpepfukdtajccHonfaU &G;aumufyGJenf;vrf;ukd jynfov
lY Twfawmf
a&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJtwGuf pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;a&;tqkdESipfh yfvsOf; OD;odef;Ge?fh oCFef;uRef;rJqEe,f\aqG;aEG;csuf
av;pm;tyfaom jynfolUvTwfawmfOu|BuD;ESifhjynfolUvTwfawmf
ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;cifAsm;/ axmifxJrSm (27)ESpfaecJhNyD;awmh (71)ESpf
t&G,frSmjyefvGwfcJhwJh awmiftmz&duacgif;aqmifBuD; Nelon Mendela
[m (1990)ckESpf? azazmf0g&D(11)&ufaeYrSmvGwfNyD;awmh av;ESpftMum
rSm awmiftmz&durSm a&G;aumufyGJusif;ycJhygw,f/ tJh'Da&G;aumufyGJ
aMumifh wpfcsdefwkef;u olUrsufvHk;ukd,fazmuf? ukd,fhrsufvHk;olazmuf
wJh tom;a&mifcGJjcm;wJhpepf tMurf;zuf0g'awGvTrf;rkd;aewJh awmif
tmz&du[m tJh'Djyemukd b,fvkdajz&Sif;cJhovJqkd&if tck avhvm
MunfhwJhtcgrSm tcsKd;usukd,fpm;jyKpepfeJY a&G;aumufyGJeJY ajz&Sif;cJhyg
w,f/ tJ'h rD mS olU&JU ANC ygwDu (52)&mckid Ef eI ;f ? t&iftpk;d & a[mif;u
(32)&mckdifEIef;? aemufwpfcg tom;a&mif&SdwJhvlawGu (8)&mckdifEIef;?
tJh'Dvkd tcsKd;us&wJhpepfeJY awmiftmz&du[m trsKd;om;jyefvnf
oifhjrwfa&;rSwpfqifh 'Drkdua&pDvrf;aMumif;ukdoGm;cJhygw,f/ b,f
avmufxdatmifjrifcJhw,fqkdwmuawmh tck orwoHk;quf? orw
ESpfqufayghav/ orwa&G;yGJoHk;Budrf Jacab Zuma txd Nidrf;csrf;
pGmtmPmvTJajymif;ay;EkdifcJhygw,f/ tJh'DrSmvnf; wkdif;&if;om;awG
twGuf xdkufoifhwJhae&m&cJhygw,f/ oleJYroifhjrwfwJh Zulu awGawmif
(11)&mckdifEIef; ygvDrefxJrSm tcsKd;us&cJhygw,f/ aemuf 'kwd,pHerlem
wpfckuawmh uRef;aygif;(12000)&SdNyD;awmh vlOD;a&oef;(250)&SdwJh
vlrsKd;pk(300)ausmf&SdwJh tif'kdeD;&Sm;EkdifiHtawGUtBuHKyg/ tcsKd;usukd,fpm;
jyKwJhpepfukd tajccHNyD;awmh ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJvkyfcJhw,f/ tJh'D&JU
&v'fawGtay:rSmrlwnfNyD; orwa&G;yGJvkyfw,f/ uaeYqkd&if AkdvfcsKyf
a[mif;BuD; Yudhoyono ukd ESpfBudrfaemufykdif;rSm twdwfppftmPm&Sif
awGeJYrywfoufwJh Widodo yk*dKvfrsKd;ukd tif'kdeD;&Sm;rS orwtjzpfwif
ajrmufvdkufEkdifwmuvnf; 'gu tcsKd;usukd,fpm;jyKpepfygyJ/ aemuf
wpfcsufuawmh uaeYtxd tcsKyftjcmtmPmukdtoufay;NyD;awmh
tcktcsdeftxd oufpGefYqHzsm;umuG,faewJh tpa&;EkdifiHyg/ tpa&;
Ekid if [
H m [pfwvmaMumifh ajcmufoef;ausmfaocJNh yD;rS ay:aygufvm&wJh
*sL;awG&JUEkdifiHyg/ olwkdYu bmukdusifhoHk;cJhvJ/ tcsKd;usukd,fpm;jyKpepf
uku
d sifo
h ;kH NyD;awmh olwEYdk idk if &H UJ tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfNrJa&;ukd pdu
k v
f u
kd f
rwfwyfaqmif&Gufaeygw,f/ 'DerlemoHk;ckaMumifh tcsKd;usukd,fpm;jyK
pepfu uRefawmfwkdYvkd trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;vkdtyfwJhtcsdef?
wkdif;&if;om;awG jyemajz&Sif;wJhekdifiHawGrSm aqmif&GufvkdY&w,f?
vufawGUtvkyfjzpfw,fqkdwm azmfjyaeygw,f/ tJh'DEkdifiHoHk;ckvHk;rSm
'DaeY 'DrSmaxmufjyaewJh tMurf;zuform;awG vTwfawmfxJa&muf

vmwmrawGU&ygbl;/
av;pm;tyfaom Ou|BuD;cifAsm;/ tJ'Dawmh tcsKd;uspepfukd
b,ftcsdev
f yk rf vJ/ b,ftcsdev
f yk rf vJqw
dk t
hJ cgrSm uae'gtawGUtBuHK
t&ajym&&if ESpfygwDvTrf;rkd;rItenfrxkdifao;wJhtcsdef tckvkd a&G;
aumufyGJoufwrf; wpfBudrfumvtwGif;rSm vkyfzkdYvkdygw,f/ uae'g
rSm ,aeY Green Party awGu tcsKd;uspepfwifvmwkdif; y,fzsufcJh
ygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh ygwDi,fawG0ifvmvkdY&Sd&if ae&mz,fay;
&rSmaMumufvkdY tajctaersKd;&Sdygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh uRefawmfwkdYu
uRefawmfwEYdk idk if &H UJ aumif;usKd;twGuf ESpyf gwDvrT ;f rk;d wJph epfuo
dk mG ;rvm;?
twdwfu tawGUtBuHKawG uRefawmfwkdY&cJhygw,f/ 'kwd, ygwDpHkyg
NyD;awmh toHpHkeJY wkdif;jynf&JUtusKd;ukd uRefawmfwkdYvkyfrvm;/ (2015)
tvGef a&G;aumufyGJrSm uRefawmfwkdYjzpfapcsifwmuawmh uRefawmfwkdY
wkdif;jynf&JU qif;&JrGJawrIwdkufzsufzkdY zGHUNzdK;rIukd jrifhwifzkdYqkd&if trsKd;om;
jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;tpkd;&? nDGwfa&;tpkd;&vkdygw,f/ 'DnDGwfa&;
tpkd;&ukd tcsKd;uspepfuomvQif a&G;cs,fay;Ekdifvdrfhr,f/ aphpyfSdEIdif;
rIynmukd uRefawmfwkdY tcsKd;uspepfrS &,lNyD;awmh aqmif&Gufr,f
qkd&if tckpkd;&drfylyefwJh jyemawGtm;vHk; ajz&Sif;Ekdifygvdrfhr,f/
ed*Hk;csKyfajym&&ifawmh zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yk'fr(7)[m ppfrSefwJh?
pnf;urf;jynfw
h hJ ygwDp'kH rD u
dk a&pDpepfudk jy|mef;xm;ygw,f/ 'geJyY wf
oufNyD; (397)rSm a&G;aumufyGJpepfukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu
Oya'jy|mef;Ekid yf gw,f/ 'Dvjdk y|mef;wJh (397)onf (436)t&
qEcH,lyGJvkyf&efrvkdwJh tcef;(9)yg jy|mef;csufjzpfyg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh 'DaeY tcsKd;uspepfukda&G;rvm;
okdYr[kwf Ekdifoltukef,lpepfukda&G;rvm;qkdwm
rljyemjzpfwJhtwGuf uRefawmfwkdYu wkdif;
jynfrsufESmwpfckwnf;ukdMunfhNyD;awmh uRef
awmfwkdY 'DtcsKd;uspepfukd OD;atmifZif&JU
tqk d u k d uRef a wmf w k d Y a xmuf c H t m;ay;
zkdYvkdygw,f/ uRefawmf aemufqHk;ajymcsif
wmuawmh 'D a wmif t mz&d u acgif ;
aqmifBuD;/ tJh'guawmh bmvJqkdawmh
t&SnfukdarQmfMunfhMuyg/ a&&Snfukd
MunfhMuygqkdwmukd owday;&if;eJY
uRefawmfh&JUaqG;aEG;csufukd ed*Hk;csKyf
ygw,f/

rwfv(27)&ufaeY eHeufydkif;wGif awmifilppfajrjyifonf Nidrfouf

aeNyD; aeYv,fydkif;wGif *syefavwyfrS wkwfcHppfaMumif;rsm;ay:odkY
AHk;BuJwdkufcdkuftNyD;wGif *syefwyfrsm; xdk;ppfpwifonf/ aeYv,fydkif;
wGif rsuf&nf,dkAHk;rsm; toHk;jyKonf/ odkY&mwGif wkwfwyfrsm;onf
cHppfaMumif;udk cdkifNrJpGm xdef;odrf;xm;Ekdifonf/ xdkYaMumifh *syefwdkYonf
trSwf(3)ppfajrjyif tajrmufwyf&if;udk apmifhNyD; aemufaeYrS wdkufcdkuf
&ef qHk;jzwfMuonf/ xdktajrmufwyfwGif ajymif;0 (15)pifwDrDwm&Sd
a[mif0pfZmtajrmufrsm;yg0ifygonf/
rwfv (28)&ufaeYwGif trSwf(3) ppfajrjyiftajrmufwyfa&muf
&Sdvmonf/ tajrmufwyf\ ypfcwfrI? rsuf&nfAHk;rsm; toHk;jyKrIaMumifh
wkwfwyfrsm; tBuD;tus,fxdcdkuf'Pf&m&&SdMuonf/ ,mawmifyHrS
wkwfcHppfaMumif;udk tajrmufwyf\ tultnDjzifh zsufqD;&ef pDpOf
onf/ odkY&mwGif nae(3)em&Dtxd jrLrsm;qdkif;ae avaMumif;rS
AHk;BuJwdkufcdkuf&ef cufcJaeonf/ wkwfwyfrsm;\ tonf;toefckcH
rIaMumifh naetxd qufvufwdkufcdkufMuonf/
*syeftrSwf(56)wyfr\ armfawmf,mOfwyfcGJ(2)cGJ? pufaoewf
wyfcGJ? awmifay:ypftajrmufwyfcGJ? tif*sifeD,mwyfcGJyg0ifaom wyf
rsm;onf armfawmf,mOf(45)pD;? oHcsyfum (6)pD;ESifh wyfom; (404)OD;
ESifh &efukefrS csDwufvmMuonf/ trSwf (55) wyfrXmecsKyfodkY ul;NyD;
wkwfwyfr\ aemufausmrS 0dkif;&ef qHk;jzwfMuonf/ xdkaeYn (8)em&D
wGif awmifi\
l awmifbuf uDvrkd w
D m tenf;i,foma0;aom ]]0wD;}}
&GmrS jrpfudk jzwful;Muonf/ jrpfa&onf &ifacgif;txd eufojzifh
,mOfrsm;udk xm;cJhum vlcsnf;ul;Muonf/ tu,f jrpfta&SUzuf
urf;udk wdkufEkdifygu wyfr (200)udk 0dkif;rdrnfjzpfonf/
wkwftrSwf (200)wyfrrSL;onf trSwf (598)wyf&if;\ wwd,
wyfcGJudk *syefwdkY\ 0Jzuf ppfeHab;udk xdk;ppfqifaponf/ awmifil

NrdKUwGif;rSmvnf; vufwpfurf;wdkufyGJrsm; qufvufjzpfyGm;aeonf/

jrpfta&SUzufurf;wGif wyfrXmecsKyf\ vHkNcHKa&;wm0ef,lxm;&aom
trSwf (599)wyfonf tBuD;tus,f xdcdkuf'Pf&m&&Sdaeaomfvnf;
cHppfaMumif;rsm;udk vHkNcHKpGm xdef;odrf;xm;Ekdifonf/
rwfv (29)&ufaeYwGif *syeftrSwf (55)wyfronf if;\ &SdorQ
vltiftm;? vufeuftiftm;jzifh xdk;ppfBuD;qifonf/ rGef;vGJydkif;wGif
0JzufppfaMumif;rS a&SUodkYcsDwufEkdifNyD; NrdKU\ taemufajrmufydkif;udk
odrf;,lEkdifojzifh wkwfwyfrsm;\ ajy;aygufudk Ncdrf;ajcmufvmonf/
*syefwyfr (56)onf ajrmufzufrSywf ta&SUzufurf;&Sd wkwfcHppf
\ eHab;udk xdk;ppfqifonf/ aeYv,fydkif;wGif if;cHppfudk acsrIef;Ekdif
ojzifh wyfr (200)XmecsKyfESifh ppfawmif;jrpful;wHwm;udk Ncdrf;ajcmuf
vmonf/ xdkaeYrGef;vGJydkif;wGif wyfr (200)odkY trdefYa&mufvmonf/
naeydkif;wGif ppfawmif;jrpfta&SUzufurf;twdkif; qkwfcGm&efjzpfonf/
narSmifonftxd awmifilNrdKUxJwGif wdkufyGJrsm; qufvufjzpfyGm;ae
wkef;jzpfonf/ n (10)em&DwGif trSwf (56)*syefwyfronf ppfawmif;
wHwm;teD;odkY csOf;uyfvmonf/ wkwfwyfrsm; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;jzpfae
onfudk awGU&onf/ ,if;rS qkwfcGm&ef jyifqifaejcif;jzpfonf/ wkwf
AdkvfcsKyf'dkifonf aemufcsefwyfrsm;\ nwdkufyGJ qifETJjcif;jzifh wyfr
qkwfcGmrIudk umuG,faponf/ trSwf (599)wyf&if;u qkwfcGmrIudk
OD;aqmifonf/ ysufpD;aeaom ppfawmif;wHwm;udk jzwful;NyD; ,if;
aemufrS trSwf (600)wyf&if;? xdkaemuf (598)wyf&if;wdkY qkwfcGmMu
onf/ eHeuftkPfrwufrDwGif wyftm;vHk;atmifjrifpGm qkwfcGmEkdif
onf/ 'Pf&m&oltm;vHk;udkvnf; o,faqmifEkdifcJhonf/
rwfv (30)&ufaeY eHeufwGif wyfr (55)\ a&SUwef;ppfrsufESm
wGif ckcrH rI sm; &Sad eao;onf/ (wkww
f yfrsm; trsm;pk qkwcf mG oGm;aomf
vnf;) eHeuf (7)em&DwGif ppfawmif;wHwm;udk odrf;ydkufxm;onfh (56)

wyfrESifh yl;aygif;rdNyD; awmifilwdkufyGJBuD; NyD;qHk;oGm;onf/ ppfawmif;

jrpful;wHwm;ESifh ta&SUzuf u&ifeDe,f? &Srf;jynfESifh qufaeaom
vrf;aMumif;yGifhoGm;NyDjzpf r[mrdwfwdkY\ cHppfaMumif;udk zsufqD;EkdifcJh
ygonf/
trSwf (22) wkwfwyfronf a&wm&Snfawmifzuf eHcRef&Sd *syef
wyfudk wGef;vSefNyD; awmifilzufodkY wdkufuif;vSnfhum *syefppfaMumif;
\ aemufzufudk Ncdrf;ajcmufEkdifonf/ awmifilrS ppfawmif;jrpf ta&SU
zufurf;twdkif; qkwfcGmvmaom trSwf (200)wyfronf eHcRefteD;
wGif jrpftaemufzufurf;odkYul;NyD; a&wm&SnfwGif wyfr (22)ESifh
yl;aygif;vdkufonf/ a&wm&SnfwGif cHppfaMumif;wpfck wnfaqmufNyD;
*syefwyfrsm; ppfawmif;jrpf0Srf;txufydkif;odkY wufrvmEdkifap&ef wm;
qD;&ef pDpOfMuonf/
awmifiw
l u
kd yf w
JG iG f wkwt
f rSwf (200)wyfronf vl (3000)ausmf
xdcdkuf'Pf&m& usqHk;ojzifh ppfawmif;wHwm;wdkufyGJNyD;vQif 'kwd,
tBuD;rm;qHk;HI;aom wdkufyGJBuD; jzpfonf/ awmifilwpfNrdKUvHk; AHk;'Pf
ppfyGJ'PfaMumifh ysufpD;qHk;HI;&onfh a&TqHawmfapwDBuD;rSm yJcl;ivsif
'PfaMumifh NydKuscJh&m jyefvnfwnfxm; iSufaysmzl;ta&mufwGif
wkwfwyfrsm;\ 'dkif;erdkufESifh zsufpD;cH&onf/ bk&m;ywf0ef;usif&Sd
ae&Sief ,fausmif;? jynfausmif; ponfh tvGecf rf;em;aom ausmif;wdu
k f
BuD;rsm;vnf; zsufqD;jcif;cH&onf/ wdkufyGJBuD;aMumifh awmifilNrdKU\
a&S;a[mif;tarGtESpfrsm; aysmufuG,fcJh&ygonf/
aomif ; auwk
usrf;udk;
-Wakepedia/Battly Taungoo(Internet)
-Hsu Laong-haven & Chand Ming-kai(History of the SinoJapanese War (1937-1945)2nd Bld. 1971 n Taipai, Taiwai
Republic of China)

33

,cif t ywf r S tquf

aiGxkwfvmwJh pm&GufawGukd rD;jcpfjcpfMunfhawmh aZ,s0wD

oMum;pufu refae*smjzpfaewmawGU&w,f/pm&Gufpmwrf;awGudk
BuHcif;xJrmS rD;IUd azsmufzsufypfvu
dk f MuNyD; pD;u&ufwpfa,muf wpfvyd f
aomufum um;vrf;bufxGufvmMuw,f/ wpfae&ma&mufawmh
ukefpdrf;awGeYJ rdef;rwpftkyfpkum; apmihfaewm awGU&wmeJYa&ma,mifNyD;
um;apmifh aevkdufMuw,f/ rEav;bufu um;awG wpfpD;NyD;wpfpD;
jzwfoGm;aeMuw,f/ wm;vkdYr&bl;/ ukefum;awGu ukeftjynhf
eJYqkdawmh vlwifcsifykHr&bl;/ wpfem&DavmufMumawmh ta&SUu v,f
xGefpufaemufu ,mOftykdawGcsdwfvmNyD; armif;vmwJhum;ukd trsKd;
orD;tkyfuwm;NyD; wufpD;Muawmh uRefawmfwkdY ESpfa,mufvnf;
a&mpD;vkdufvmcJhw,f/
um;orm; wpfa,mufu ydkufqHvmawmif;&if; ]]b,fukd vJ}}
vkdYar;awmh ]]awmifil}}vkdY wkdkwdkyJ ajymvkdufw,f/ um;ay: ygvmMuwJh
rdef;rawG&JU tMunfhuawmh uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,muf udk ar;cGef;awG
xkwcf sifaeMuykyH /J 'gaMumifh cyfwnfwnfaeae Mu&w,f/ vrf;ckvwf
rSm wcsKdUqif;ukefMuNyD; aemufqkH; rdef;r BuD;okH;a,mufeJY uRefawmfwdkY
awmifilaps;em;rSmqif;Muw,f/ aps;xJ0ifNyD; a&TqHawmfbk&m;
qDwufvmMuw,f/ t0wfwpfa,mufwpfpeHk YJ tdwf 0,fNyD;
a&TqHawmfbk&m; taemufrkcfrSm t0wfvJMuw,f/
aiGu0kd ,fvmwJt
h w
d x
f J xnfNh yD; awmifil iSuaf ysmoD;
taumif;pm;wpfa,mufwpfckdifeJY qifjzLawmfum;
ukdpD;NyD; yJcl;jyefvmMuw,f/ &vmwJhaiGudk uRefawmhf
tdrfrSmyJ a&Munfhawmh ig;aomif;ESpfaxmifausmfw,f/
eD*dk;ukd ESpfaomif;ay;NyD; usefaiGeJY em&Dudk
uRefawmf,lvkdufw,f/
aZ,s0wD o Mum;puf ref a e*smuk d
vkvkdY&wJhaiGxJu tarhudk a&T0,fxm;zdkY
ESpaf omif;ay;vku
d w
f ,f/ uRefawmfv
h ufxrJ mS aiGu
wpf a omif ; ausmf a usmf u sef a eao;awmh owif ; pmzwf ?
owif;em;axmif&if; tem;,laew,f/ 'DvkdeJY wpfaeYrSm
,rf;bDvl;eJY'dkif;erkdif;wdYk tdrfukd a&mufvmMuw,f/ teYH&vdkY
vmMurSef;odwmeJY]]ighvkyfief; enf;enf;tqifajyw,f/ rif;wkdYudk auR;r,f}}
ajymNyD; ndKndKpm;aomufqkdifrSm auR;vkduf&w,f/ eD*dk; udk
xkH;pHtwkdif; ]]b,fvlUrS rajymeJYvdkY}} rSmvdkufayr,fh 'Daumifuvnf;
xkH;pHtwkdif; olUtaygif;toif;awGudk auR;arG;NyD; <um;ajymajymvkduf
wmukd;/
waygif;vukefawmh wefcl;vudk a&mufvmcJhNyD/ vufxJrSm
aiGuvnf; &Tifaeawmh tawmfav;[efusaew,f/ uRefawmf wkdY
yJcl;rSm aysmfp&mtaumif;qkH;aeYawGukd jyygqdk&if wefcl;v a&Tarmf
a"mbk&m;yGJeJY oBuFef&ufawGudkjy&ygvdrfhr,f/ yJcl;bk&m;yGJudk wefcl;v
qef;&Spf&ufuae wefcl;vqkwf&Spf&ufaeYxd usif;yw,f/ tNrdKUNrdKU
te,fe,fu aps;onfawGuvnf; yJcl;ukdpka&mufvmMuw,f/
atmufjynfatmuf&Gm&JU aemufqkH;bk&m;yGJvkdjzpfaeawmh a&Tarmf
a"mbk&m;aemufbufrck f v,fuiG ;f wpfcv
k ;Hk rSm ZmwfaHk wG? ky&f iS f aHk wG?
rsufvSnhf qyfuyfkHawGeJY jynhfaew,f/ eD;pyf&mawm&GmawGuqdk
wefcl;vqef;&uf rwkdifrDuyifBudKNyD; EGm;vSnf;awGeJY uGif;jyifrSm wJxdk;
pm;aomufNyD; yJGNyD;rS jyefwwfMuw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh wefcl;v wpfvvkH;
[m yJcl;rSmyJGawmfBuD; jzpfaew,f/
wpfcsdew
f ek ;f uqkd uRefawmfwYkd pm;aomufqidk [
f m &Siaf pmyk vrf;rSm
pm;aomufolawGeYJ jynfhvQHaecJhw,f/ ckawmh uRefawmfwkdY pm;aomuf
qkdifae&mrSm wjcm;pm;aomufqkdifawG ae&m,loGm;MuNyD/ twdwfudk
awG;vkduf&if 0rf;enf;p&mygyJ/ uRefawmfwkdY nD/ nDrawG MunfhMuzdkYzsm
ae&mawGukdawmh ausmif;aezuf oli,fcsif;nGefYat;u ESpfwkdif;ulnD
wwfw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh a&Tref;obiftwGuf zsmr&rSm ryl&bl;/
wjcm;ZmwfkHawGuawmh arSmifckdeJY 0,fMunfh&wmrsm;w,f/ taru
vnf; yGJBudKufcif jzpfaeawmh rdom;pktm;vkH; yGJMunhfjzpfMuw,f/
wjcm;tcsdefawGrSm ukd,fhb0eJYukd,f vIyf&Sm;kef;uefaeMu &ovkd
oli,fcsif;awGudk wpfvwpfcgavmuf rawGU&ayr,fh bk&m;yGJus&if
awmh tukev
f ;Hk vkv
d dk jyefawGUMu&w,f/ &efuek ?f rEav;a&mufaeMuwhJ
oli,fcsif;awGudkawmif bk&m;yGJrSm jyefawGU&awmh twdwfutaMumif;
awG ausmif;aechw
J ek ;f u taMumif;awGudk odyo
f wd&rdw,f/ txl;ojzifh
at;oef;ausmf tpfr a'0Dudkvnf; owdykd&rdw,f/
a'0DeYJ uRefawmfu ausmif;rSm yef;csDyef;yk toif;0ifawG jzpfw,f/
wpfcef;xJrmS twlaecJMh uw,f/ wpfa,mufew
YJ pf a,muf cspfygw,fvYkd
zGihfrajymcJhMuayr,fh uRefawmhf&ifxJu awmh a'0Dudk ,aeYxd cspfae
wke;f yJ/ olwaYdk rmifErS udk ausmif;cef;xJrmS cd;k qGaJ ewke;f at;oef;ausmfu
jrifNyD; ]]'g b,folUykH vJuG}}vdkY ar;zl;w,f/ uRefawmfu]]b,folUyHkrS r[kwfygbl;uGm...igoufouf pdwful;eYJ qGJxm;
wmyg}}
qkdawmh at;oef;ausmfu]]'DykHu wkdYtcef;xJ&Sdw,f}}
qdkNyD; uRefawmfqGJxm;wJh orkdif;pmtkyfudk vkNyD; tjyifbuf
vTifhypfvdkufw,f/
ausmif ; tjyif b uf r S m u rk d ; &G m xm;awmh pmtk y f u ausmif ;
wHpufNrdwfu a&tkdifxJ usoGm;w,f/ ausmif;olausmif;om; awGu
vnf;0dkif;MunfhaeMuawmh csufcsif; uRefawmfxGuf raumuf&Jao;bl;/
ab;cef;rBuD;xJu q&m?q&mrawG tvpfrSm pmtkyfukdoGm;aumufNyD;

34

tcef;xJrSm a&cgaewkef; q&mr a':wifrav;0ifvmwmeJY yufyif;

wkd;NyD; jrifoGm;w,f/ ausmif;u eH&HuyfpmapmifrSm uRefawmfu 0wK?
aqmif;yg;? pmnGefY? uAsmykHawGukd tNrJokyfazmfqGJaeusqkdawmh
q&mru uRefawmfhukd csufcsif;rSwfrdw,f/
]]armifausmfjrifh? ckeu pmtkyfukd a&xJu aumufvmNyD; a&cgae
wmawGUw,f? pmtkyfu bmjzpfvdkY a&xJus&wmvJ}}
vkdY ar;w,f/ uRefawmfu]]csKdif;Mum;xJ nyfvmrdvkdY vGwfuswmyg q&mr}}
qdkNyD; q&mrudk vdrfajymvdkuf&w,f/
tJ'gudkjrifawmh ausmif;olausmif;om;awGu 0dkif;&,fMu awmh
q&mr &dyfrdoGm;vdkY BudrfokH;csuf taqmfcHvkduf&w,f/
]]aemufwpfcg Mum;&&if taoyJ}}
vdkYvnf; Budrf;vTwfvdkufw,f/
aemufwpfaeYrSm olUaMumifhjzpf&wmygqkdNyD; at;oef;ausmfu
uRefawmfhudk awmif;yefw,f/ a'0DwdkY armifESreJY uRefawmfu trSefrSm
b0csif;b,fvrkd S rwlEidk b
f ;l / uRefawmfu ausmif;0wfpEkH pS pf u
Hk kd rk;d wGi;f rSm
rD;uif0wfae&wJh tcsdefrSm olwdkY armifESru olUtazum;eJY ausmif;udk
vmykdYwwfw,f/ tjyefusrS olwdkYarmifESru ajcusif uRefawmfwdkYeJY
twl avQmufjyefavh&Sdw,f/ tJ'gaMumifhvnf; a'0Du aemufwpfaeY
ausmif;tjyefrSm uRefawmfhudk awmif;yefw,f/ uRefawmfu t&Sufajy]]a'0DaMumifh r[kwfygbl;? at;oef;ausmfwdkY oufouf aemufvdkY
yg}}vdkY ajzajymvkduf&w,f/
tpDtpOf r&Sb
d J uRefawmf ausmif;xGuv
f u
dk af wmh olwYdk armifErS eJY
a0;oGm;Muw,f/ at;oef;ausmfu q,fwef;atmifNyD; olUrdbyGJkHrSm
0ifvkyf&if; Zmwfuefxkduftvkyfukdvnf;wGJNyD; vkyfaew,f/ tJ'g
aMumifh uRefawmfwYkd rdom;pkyMJG unhzf u
Ydk dk ckxu
d n
l ED idk w
f ,f/ a&SUjzpfaemuf
aMumif;awG ajymMu&if; olUtpfr a'0Duadk r;Munhaf wmh &efuek w
f uov
kd f
wufaew,f/ ckausmif;ydwfvdkY tdrfjyefa&mufaew,f/ tpfreJY awGUcsif
&if vmvnfygvkdYajymwmeJY uRefawmf a'0DwdkYtdrfudk wpfacguf a&muf
oGm;ao;w,f/ uRefawmfwdkYawGUawmh a'0Du EIwfqufygw,f/ 'gay
r,fh t&ifvkd odyfazmfazmfa&Ga&Gr[kwfawmhbl;qkdwm owdxm;rdw,f/
at;oef;ausmfuawmh uRefawmfarSmifcdkvkyfaew,f qkdwmeJY
txifBuD;csifaeyk&H w,f/ avmavmq,frmS awmh t0wf tqifuvnf;
olUxufomatmif0wfxm;awmh {nfhcef;u olUtpfr a&;qGJxm;w,f
qdkwJh a&aq;qDaq;cJaumufaMumif; yef;csDum;awGudk vkdufjyw,f/
a'0Du ckxd yef;csDa&;aewkef;udk;qkdNyD; &ifxJeifhoGm;rdw,f/ tcspfeJYa&m
tEkynmeJYyg a'0Dudk uRefawmfb,fvdkrS rSDEdkifp&mr&SdawmhwmeJY olwdkY
armifErS ukEd w
I q
f ufNyD; 0rf;enf;pGmeJyY J jyefvmcJ&h w,f/ 'gayr,hf a'0Dukd
arhr&ovkd pdwfxJ jzpfvmjyefw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh tcGifhom&if ay;zdkY

a'0DtwGuf pmt&SnfBuD;wpfapmifukd a&;xm;rdw,f/

bk&m;yGJawmf&uftwGif;rSmawmh MunfMunfvSeYJ tpfrwkdYudk yGJ
vkdufjyvkduf/ cdkifpHy,feJYyGJwGJMunfhvkduf/ oli,fcsif; &yfa0; aeawGudk
awG U vd k Y twl y G J M unf h v d k u f e J Y tcsd e f u k e f o G m ;w,f / oBuF e f & uf r S m
*spfum;wpfp;D iSm;? cdik pf yH ,fuw
dk NJG yD; oli,fcsif; twGaJ wGeYJ a&yufcv
H nf;
xGufvkdufMuao;w,f/ uqkefvqef; wpf&ufaeYrSmawmh at;oef;
ausmfwYkd rdom;pkeYJ a';pGeyf gudk vku
d v
f mjzpfw,f/ tJ'aD eYuvnf; a'0Dudk
ay;zdkYpmu buftdwfxJ toifhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tcGifhromvdkY
ray;jzpfcb
hJ ;l / a'0D &efuek jf yefr,haf eYudk ar;xm;NyD; a'0DqyD J wpfcsdev
f ;Hk
pdwfa&muf aejyefw,f/
i,fucspf tESpfwpf&m qdkwm wu,fygvm;vkdYvnf; awG;vm
w,f/ a'0DrdbawGuvnf; uRefawmfhukd arSmifcdkta&mif;t0,f
vkyfaewJh udpudk ar;MunfhNyD; aiGaMu;rvkHavmuf&if rif;oli,f
csif;ukad jymaygh qkv
d mawmh [kwaf omf&dS r[kwaf omf&dS b0ifcu
kd f
aerdw,f/ at;oef;ausmfwdkY rdom;pku arSmifcdkvkyfMuwJh
vli,fwcsKdU[m av;ig;ESpftwGif;olwdkY rsufpdatmufrSm
um;pD;wdu
k af qmufMuwmjrifawmh uRefawmfu
h v
kd nf; arSmifckd
tBuD;pm;vdkY xifr,fqdkxifEkdifw,f/
'gaMumifhvnf; a'0D &efukefwuokdvf jyefwJhaeYrSm
olwrYkd o
d m;pket
YJ wl a'0Duv
kd u
dk yf cYkd iG &hf vdu
k w
f ,f/ &xm;ay:rSm
ae&mcsay;NyD; vufaqmiftjzpf pyspfoD;? udwfrkefYeJY
tJ'DtcgusrS pm&SnfBuD;udk ay;jzpf
vkduf&awmhw,f/ &xm;xGufoGm;
awmhrS at;oef;ausmfeJY olUrdbawG
ud k E I w f q uf N yD ; anmif ; 0d k i f ; buf
xGufvmrdw,f/
anmif0dkif;rSm owif;axmufatmif
ausmfrif;eYJ iwdk;wdkY&Sdw,f/ owif;axmuf
atmifausmfrif;u ESpfzufcRefjzpfaMumif;
udkvnf; uRefawmf odxm;w,f/ 'gaMumifh iwdk;udkac:NyD;
aMu;oG e f ; bk & m;uk d xG u f v mcJ h M uw,f / aMu;oG e f ; bk & m;ud k
a&mufawmh odcsifaewJh ykPutaMumif;udk ar;&w,f/ iwdk;u
usef;rma&;raumif;bl;/
ykPu
taMumif; iwd;k ukd ar;&wmu uRefawmfweYdk YJ uGo
J mG ;NyD;
aemufydkif;rSm iwdk;u ykPueJYwGJaevkdYyJ/
]]yk P u igh u d k vl v nf v k y f o G m ;w,f u G m ...usKH ; 'd k ; puf a vS
ola|;qDu aiGawGudk wpfa,mufwnf;armifydkifpD;oGm;w,f/ olUtdrfukd
oGm;ar;awmh rodb;l wJ/h ra&mufao;bl; ajymvTwf vku
d w
f ,f/ igvnf;
usKdufxdku ykPutajctaeukd apmihf MunhfcJhao;w,f/ ykPuudk
rawGU&bl;/ aemufwpfaeY reufyJ owif;pmxJrSmykPu"mwfykHeJY
&xm;ay:u vdru
fh saow,fqw
kd hJ owif;udk zwf&w,f/ usKdux
f u
kd ae
ig bD;vif;ukad &mufvYkd &xm;Budwcf x
H m;&wJh tavmif;BuD;ukMd unfah wmh
ykPu r[kwfbl; ykPu nmbufvufarmif;rSm ykPukyfygwm
rif;vnf;todyJ? tckaoaewJh vlu ykPu ukd,fvkH; ukd,faygufrsKd;
jzpfayr,fh rsufEmS wpfcv
k ;Hk ykzH rf;vkYd r&avmufatmifjzpfaeawmh rodwhJ
vlawGuykPuxifNyD; ajymaeMuwm/ iguawmh ykPu raoao;bl;
qdkwm odxm;w,f/ ykPu taruvnf; tavmif;ukdtdrfr,lbl;
qkdwmodxm;w,f/ ykPu taruvnf; tavmif;ukd tdrfr,l
bl;qdkawmh 'Dxuf aocsmwm b,f&SdrvJ/ 'gaMumifh igvnf; tck
ykPu b,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwm odcsifvkdYpkHprf;aewm/ tckawmh owif;
axmufatmifausmfrif;udk igpkHprf;cdkif;xm;w,f/ atmifausmfrif;u
igholi,fcsif;yguG}}vkdY iwkd;udk ajymjyw,f/
owif;axmuf atmifausmfrif;u 'kpdkuform;awGqDu pm;&&if
pm;w,f/ rpm;&&if owif;ay;NyD; &Judk zrf;ckdif;wwfw,f/ atmifausmf
rif;udkvnf; rawGUcsifawmhwmeJY iwkd;ukd owd0D&d,eJY aezdkYajymNyD;
tdrfjyefvmcJhw,f/
'Dvdk tajctaersKd;rSm uRefawmhftaeu armfvNrdKifvkdif;ukd
t&rf;rwuf&b
J ;l / rEav;uawmh ud,
k v
hf idk ;f jzpfaevdYk tBuH tzefvyk &f if
tqifajyEkdifw,f/ 'gayr,fh qufwkduf jzpfaewJh twGuf rvkyfbJ
&yfem;aecsdef wpfaeY nGefYkyf&SifkHuae kyf&SifMunhfNyD; tjyef yJcl;axmif
xJrSm oduRrf;zl;wJh pdefjrifhudk awGU&wJhtwGuf 0rf;omtm;& EIwfquf
rdw,f/
tat;qdkif wpfqkdifukd0ifNyD; pum;ajymw,f/ aemufawmh tvkyf
udpa&mufoGm;vdkY at;at;aq;aq; vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aqG;aEG;csif
wmeJY a&Tarmfa"m bk&m;ukdvmcJhMuw,f/ yJcl;bk&m; yGJvnf; NyD;oGm;NyD/
oBuFe&f ufvnf; ukeq
f ;Hk oGm;NyD/ rd;k om;wdrv
f yd af wGvnf; tkwq
f idk ;f vm
aeNyDqdkawmh "mwfaygif;pHk apwDay:u yJcl;NrdKUudkMunfh&wm &ifxJ
vGrf;p&mvdkY jrifrdvkdufw,f/ pdwfu &ufydkif;twGif; &efukefwuokdvf
jyefoGm;wJh a'0DqDvnf; rwefr&m tawG;awG a&mufoGm;w,f/ a'0D
tartazwdkY txifBuD;EkdifavmufwJh aiGodef;csD&ayguf&vrf; wpfckck
awGU&ifawmh wpfcsDwnf; tykdifvkyfNyD; a'0Dukd awmif;&rf;,lum
vlaumif;vkyfaeawmhr,fvkdYvnf; pdwful;ay:vmjyefw,f/
'gayr,hf 'Dpdwful;awGukd pdefjrifhajympum;ukd om;a&usNyD;
oabmwlvkdufw,f/ wkdufwkdufqkdifqkdifyJ uRefawmfwdkY tvkyfvkyfzdkY
um;apmifhaewmqdkwJh ,rf;bDvl;udk um;*dwfrSm awGU&w,f/ 'geJY
oH;k a,mufaygif;avmif;ausmfqw
kd hJ twdwef rd w
d ef YJ aendKndK pm;aomuf
qkdifjyef0ifNyD; tvkyfudp xyfwkdifyifMuw,f/

qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

,ciftywfrStquf

yef;csDarmifarmifvSjrifh
[d;k t&ifwek ;f uawmh pdwu
f ;l ay:ovdv
k yk Nf yD;awmh vGww
f ahJ e&mrSm
pma&;Muw,f/ vGwfwJhae&mrSm bmjznfhr,fqdkNyD;awmh 'DvdkyJvkyfcJh
Muwm/ awmfawmfrsm;rsm; tJ'Dacwfu 'DvdkyJvkyfMuwm/ udkjroef;
wd?Yk udak tmif'ifwYkd ponfjzifah ygh/ q&mOD;wifvw
S Ykd pvkypf Oftcgwke;f u
vnf; 'DvdkygyJ/ odkYaomf uRefawmfwdkY udkausmfGefYwdkY ESpfa,mufwGJ
vkyfwJhacwfa&mufvmwJhtcgusawmh uRefawmfwdkYu 'DZdkif;udk t&if
xkwfw,f/ udk,fajymjycsifwJhtaMumif;t&mav;udk t&ifxkwfw,f/
xkwfNyD;awmh 'gawGudkydkif;NyD; vkyfMuwm/ olUwm0efeJYolaygh/ 'Dtcsyf
rSm pmvHk;ygaew,fqdk&if 'Dtcsyfu 'gyg&if b,foluvkyf b,ftcsyf
u bmyg&if b,foluvkyfqdkNyD; 'DvdkyJ wm0ef,lNyD;vkyfoGm;Mu&wm/
MunfhzdkYtwGufu ydkaumif;wmaygh/ q&mODOD;b&ifav;
v;wdYk q&mOD;pde0f if;
wdkYwkef;uawmh olwdkYu 'DavmufbkwfBuD;awGudk tBuD;BuD;csJUNyD;
av;csyfavmufudk vlwpfa,mufa&;wmrsKd;r[kwfbJeJY wpfcsyfwpfcsyf
rSm olajymjycsifwJh Zmwfaumiftkyfav;awGvkyfNyD;awmh ab;uae
uAsmav;awG? pmav;awG a&;avh&Sdw,f/ olwdkY&JU a&;enf;yHkpHav;
awGu yef;csDoabmw&m;awGygw,f? 'DZdkif;oabmw&m;awGygw,f/
oabmu ]tMuifwdkYvifr,m;}vm; bmvm;rodbl;? tJ'DrSmqdk&if
rkefY[if;cg;onfaumifav;u cspfvGef;vdkY av,mOfysHBuD;awmif 0,f
ay;OD;rwJhqdkwJh pmom;av;awG tJ'Dvdka&;oGm;w,f/ q&mOD;b&if
av;wdkY OD;pdef0if;wdkYuawmh tJ'DvdkvkyfoGm;wmaygh/ q&m OD;pdef0if;&JU
]yef;yefvsufyg}wd?Yk ]raA'g}wdv
Yk nf; tJ'v
D ykd pkH H eJv
Y yk f oGm;wm/ 'gayr,fh
ydkpwma&; enf;a&;[efawG rwlMuwJh tydkif;u OD;b&ifav;u rlwpfck
uGJovdk q&mOD;pdef0if;uvnf;
rlwpfckuGJw,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ OD;wif
vSu rlwpfckuGJovdk OD;Ekdifav;
wdkY OD;jr[efwdkY olUa&;enf; olU
[efawGeJY olwdkYuvnf; a&; Mu
w,f/ a&;csufjcif; wlOD;awmh
oHk;EIef;wJh ta&miftaoG;awG
rwlMubl;/ udktkef;oGifBuD;wdkY
OD;jr[efwdkYqdk&if olwdkYu EkdifiH
jcm;yd k p wm a&;enf ; rsKd ; awG
ta&miftaoG;awGudk a&;Mu?
oHk;Muw,f/ tJ'Dacwfuawmh
umwifqdkwJh tkyfBuD;awGudk
vSD;NyD;awmh vkyfwJhacwfuvnf;
awmfawmfacwfpm;vdu
k af o;w,f/
orwHkab; rSm&SdwJh opfykwfyif
BuD ; vm;rod b l ; /tJ ' D v d k o pf y if B uD ;

awGrSmawmif tkyfum;csyfBuD;awGaxmifNyD; qifcJhjyKcJhMu&ao;wmyJ/

uRefawmfwdkY armifausmfGefYwdkYeJY a&;wJhacwfvnf;usa&m umwifonf
ydwfawGudkvnf; ykyfapw,f? jyefoHk;vdkYvnf;r&bl;? vkyf&udkif&wJhtcg
rSm olUudk atmufvkdif;ausmif;zdkYtwGufusawmhvnf; ae&mu ray;Edkif
bl;/ uRefawmfwdkYu vrf;ab;rSmwifyJvkyf&wmjzpfwJhtwGufaMumifh
vrf;&JUaywpf&mvrf;ray:rSm atmufvdkif;aumufNyD;awmh olUudk acGzdkY
qdw
k mvnf; rvG,b
f ;l av/ tJ'gaMumifh av;axmifb
h w
k af wGuykd J jyefjyef
qufqufNyD;awmh vGww
f t
hJ ydik ;f awGukd ud,
k u
f 'DZikd ;f awGeYJ jyeftm;jznfh
vkyfvdkufwJhtcgrSm uRefawmfeJY armifausmfGefY ESpfa,mufvkyfoGm;wJh
ydpk wmawGuawmh 'Dumwifqw
kd phJ epfu aysmufomG ;wmaygh/ tckaemuf
ydkif;awmufavQmuf tckvdkyJ armifarmifwdkY vkyfwJh tqifhtxd tJ'DvdkyJ
vkyo
f mG ;MuwmawGU&wmaygh/ olU&JU acwf taetxm;t& ajymif;vJomG ;
wmyg/
(a&SUtywfqufzwfyg&ef)

tcef;qufuAsm&Snf
ighpkAl; tykdif;(97)

,ciftywfrt
S quf

tvkyfvkyfovkdvkyfaecJhwmyg
tvkyf
bmtvkyfvJ
tvkyfvkyfovkdvkyfaecJhw,f/

atmifcsdrfh
(a&SUwpfywfqufzwfyg&ef)

jrefrmEkid if yH ef;cs?D yef;ykynmtpnf;tH;k oif;vH;k uRwf

yef;cs?D yef;yk tEkynmjyyGBJ u;D Myanmar Art 14
twGuf yef;cs?D yef;yk tEkynmypn;f rsm;
aemufq;kH tBurd af y;yk&Yd rnf&h uf owfrw
S af Munm
jref r mEk d i f i H yef ; csD ? yef ; yk
tpnf ; tH k ; (A[k d ) eJ Y MRTV-4
Forever Group wkdYrSBuD;rSL;
NyD;(2014)ckESpf oif;vHk;uRwf
yef ; csD ? yef ; yk t Ek y nmjyyG J
Myanmar Art 14 ukd (4?9?
2014)&uf u ae(9?9?2014)
&uf t xd cif ; usif ; jyor,f h
yef;csD?yef;yktEkynmypn;f rsm;ukd
(27?8?2014)&ufuae( 31?8?
2014)&uf reuf(10)em&Duaenae(5)em&Dtxd aemufqHk;tBudrf
tjzpfay;ykdYEkdifaMumif; owif;&&Sdygw,f/
ay;ykdY&r,fhae&mu MEPC(Myanmar Event Park)a&SUu MRTV4
ta&mif;jycef;?&Sifapmykvrf;?prf;acsmif;NrdKUe,f?&efukefNrdKUukd ay;ykdY&rSm
jzpfygw,f/
tckay;ykdYwJh yef;csDum;rsm;[m uwfwavmuftwGif;xnfhoGif;
azmfjyrSmr[kwfbJ jyyGJrSmcsdwfqGJjyo&ef oufoufomjzpfw,fvkdYqkdyg
w,f/ Myanmar Art 14 yef;csD?yef;yktEkynmjyyGJ[m(4?9?2014)
&ufuae(9?9?2014)&uftxd cif;usif;jyorSmjzpfNyD; jyyGJrSmcif;usif;
jyocJ h w J h y ef ; csD u m;rsm;uk d (10?9?2014)&uf u ae(12?9?2014)&uf
eHeuf(10)em&Duae nae(5)em&DtwGif; vma&mufxkwf,lMuzkdY arwm
HTA
&yfcHxm;aMumif; owif;&&Sdygw,f/

(6)Burd af jrmuf yifv,fqo

D Ydk a&aq;yef;csjD yyGJ

yef;csDatmifEkdifarmif?atmifpnfolvIdif?bkdapm?[efxGef;atmif?
vSxGPf;atmif?aX;jrifh?cifrkd;yGifh?ukdarmifausmfoef;?rarT;?jrwfaumif;?
aexGe;f ?oef;0if;xGe;f ?wifatmifxu
kd f pwJh a&aq; yef;csDq&mrsm;pkpnf;
jyowJh ]yifv,fqDokdY} vkdY trnfay;xm;wJh a&aq;yef;csDjyyGJukd trSwf
(62)?yxrxyf?yef;qk;d wef;vrf;(atmufbavmuf)?ausmufww
H m;NrKd Ue,f?
&efukefNrdKUrSmzGifhvSpfxm;wJh avmuewfyef;csD jycef;rSm (11?8?2014)&uf
uae (16?8?2014)&uftxd cif;usif;jyorSmjzpfygw,f/
tckjyowJh ]yifv,fqDokdY} a&aq;tMunfyef;csDjyyGJ[m (6)Budrf
ajrmufjyowJhyGJjzpfNyD; a&aq;oD;oefYjywJhyGJrkdY a&aq;cspfol?a&aq;
yef;csDBudKufESpfoufolrsm;tzkdY MunfhIavhvmoifhwJhyGJwpfyGJjzpfygw,f/
jyyGJzGifhvSpfjyocsdefuawmh aeYpOfeHeuf(9)em&Duae nae(5)em&Dtxd
HTA
jzpfygw,f/

35

orwrjzpfcsifbl;qdkwJU awmf0ifOD;udkudkaxG;
awmf0ifOD;udkudkaxG;udk &efukefNrdKU OD;0dpm&vrf;ay:&Sd ol\Hk;cef;
wGif oD;jcm;awGUqHkcGifh&cJhonf/ awmf0ifOD;udkudkaxG;\ orD;jzpfol
a':0wf&nfaxG;\ tultnDjzifh oD;jcm;awGUqHkcGifh &cJhjcif;jzpfNyD;
awmf0ifOD;udkudkaxG;ESifh yxrOD;qHktBudrf oD;jcm;awGUqHkcGifh&&Sdjcif;vnf;
jzpfonf/ awmf0ifOD;udkudkaxG;\ Hk;cef;wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\
"mwfyHkwpfyHkrStytjcm; csdwfqGJxm;onfrsm; rawGU&Sd&/ BudKwifapmifh
qdkif;ay;aeaom OD;udkudkaxG;ESifh BudKwifndEdIif;xm;jcif;? ar;jref;vdkonfh
tcsuftvufrsm; BudKwifay;ydkYxm;&jcif;rsm; tvsOf;r&SdbJ ar;jref;
cGifh &&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ awmf0ifOD;udkudkaxG;onf rdrdar;jref;aecsdefwGif
uufquf&Daumf'gwpfvHk;jzifh toHzrf;,lxm;onfrSty tjcm; tuefY
towfr&Sd em&DtwefMum awGUqHkar;jref;cGifh jyKcJhonfh awmf0ifOD;udkudk
axG;ESifh pDpOfcsdwfqufay;aom a':0wf&nfaxG;wdkYudk aus;Zl;wif&Sd
cJh&onf/
r*F v myg tpf u k d /
r*Fvmyg/
t"d u uawmh tpf u k d u &ef u k e f N rd K Uv,f a cgif r S m awmf 0 if * g;
'if ; [d k w ,f u k d international standard eJ Y t nD z G i f h a wmh
uG s ef a wmf wd k Y j ref r mjynf u k d tours awG ? INVEST vk y f r ,f h v l a wG
b,f a vmuf rsm;rsm; wd k ; wuf v mEd k i f o vJ a ygh a emf /
uGsefawmfhtjrifeJYajym&&if uGsefawmfwdkY (2010) tajymif;tvJNyD;wJh
aemufrSm EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jrSyfESHr,fhvl U U U aemufNyD;awmh tours
awGu wSdefxdk;wdk;wufvmw,f/ t&ifwkef;u ckepfodef;avmufvm
&mu tck[mu ESpfqrubl;/ oHk;qavmuf wufvmw,fqdkNyD;awmh
yHkpHrsdK;/ t&ifu oHk;odef;avmufSd&muae wpfoef;ausmf/ wpfcg
wpfoef;ausmfuae ESpfoef;ausmftxdjzpfvmw,f/ (2011)? (2012)?
(2013) tJonfhavmufrSm tour awGtaeeJY vmw,f/ aemufNyD;
foreign investment vmr,fhvlawGu uRefawmfhHk;cef;awmifrS
cPcP? wpfaeYwpfaeY olwdkYawGeJYwifjynfhaew,f/ oabmuawmh
local partner awGSmMuwmayghav/ SmvmNyD;awmh 'D (2013)
tv,favmufuae tukefvHk;u awmfawmfav; usJukefw,f/ usJukef
wmrS b,favmuftxd usJoGm;vJqdk&if t&ifwkef;u uGsefawmfwdkYu
[dkw,fawGrSm ae&mukd r&Edkifwm/ ae&mr&Edkifawmh awmif;oavmuf
ay;&wJh b0 a&mufomG ;w,f/ tJonfawmh t&ifwek ;f u [dw
k ,fawGu
zdk;pwm;? zdkufpwm;[dkw,fawGyif oHk;q,fausmf? av;q,favmufyif
vQif xkdif;wdkY? pifumylwdkYrSm wpf&mtxufrSm? ESpf&mtxufrSm/
season qdk&if 0ifvmwJhtcgrSm ESpf&m? oHk;&mwdkY tJonfvdk,lwJhtcsdefrSm
uGsefawmfwkdYqDrSm oHk;q,f? av;q,favmufeJYvufcHw,f/ 'gawmifrS
atmf Occupancy u (10) &mcdkifEIef;? (15) &mcdkifEIef;avmufjzpfaewJh
tcgusawmhSdwJh tcef;awGu bmrSrvkyfwJhtwlwl rxl;bl;qdkNyD;
Hk;cef;awGiSm;pm;w,f/ tJonfvdk b0ysufcJhwJhae&muae tiftm;
aumif;vmawmh jynfhHkwifrubl; U U U vQHxGufvmw,f/ tJonfhtcsdef
rSm uGsefawmfwdkYqDu jyemawGu wpfckNyD;wpfckay:vmw,f/
wu,fawmh uGsefawmfwdkYEdkifiHukd tour awGuvnf; vmw,f/
foreign investment awG v nf ; vmw,f / tif r wef a umif ; wJ h
vuPmvdkYajym& r,fayghaemf/ uGsefawmfwkdYEdkifiH wSdefxdk;zGHUNzdK;vmr,f/
t&if w k e f ; u yd w f x m;w,f / vmvd k Y r &bl ; / tck v mvd k Y & NyD q d k N yD ;
tvkt,uf0ifcsifMu w,f/ 'gayr,fh wu,fwrf;jyefNyD;awmh olwdkYu
0,fr,fqdkwJhtcgrSm &&mae&mrSm aumufpm;NyD;awmh tdwfxJxnfhNyD;
jyefomG ;r,fq&kd if ukrP
aD vmufuawmh udpr Sb
d ;l av/ BuHKovdv
k yk rf mS
h rk P
u
D awmh a&eHurk P
D
aygh/ 'gayr,fh wu,f investment vkyrf ,fu
rsdK;awGuvGJ&if usefwJhukrPDu wu,fhtaetxm;ukd trsm;BuD;jyef
avhvmao;w,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm b,favmuftxd accountability
,HkMunfpdwfcs&rISd ovJ/ wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf ,HkMunfpdwfcs&rISdrS
invest vmvkyfrSmaygh/
aemufwpfcg Oya'cdkifrmrI b,favmufSdovJ/ 'Dvdk[mawGukd
MunfhvdkufwJhtcgrSm Oya'tm;jzifhvnf; cdkifrmrIrSdbl;ayghaemf U U U
law enforcement uvnf; tm;enf;w,f/ aemufwpfcu
k bmjzpfvm
ovJqdkawmh ajr,m&zdkYuvnf; tjyifrSm aps;awGu wpfcgwnf;
tqrwefawGayghaemf/ rjzpfoifhwJhajraps;awGjzpfvmw,f/ aemuf
wpfcg investment pvkyfwJhvlawGu pmcsKyfawGcsKyfNyD;awmhrS jynfol
awGu qefYusifw,f? qEjyw,fqdkNyD;awmh rvkyf&vdkY aemufqkwf&
w,f/ 'gu e*dkuwnf;u trSm;yJqdkayr,fhvnf; aemufvkyfr,fholu
wdkYvkyf&ifvnf; 'DvdkjzpfrSmvm;qdkNyD;awmh Oyrm jrpfqHkpDrHudef;vdkaygh/
jrpfqHkpDrHudef;wdkY? wjcm;ykdufvkdif;wdkYbmwdkYrSmvnf; jzpfatmifvkyfMu
w,fav/ jyemawGaygif;pHkeJYyJ/ aoaocsmcsm acsmacsmarGUarGUawmh
rjzpfMubl;ayghaemf/ 'guvnf; wcsdKUyxrykdif;rSmawmh tacsmif&vdkY
vkyfwmawGaMumifh jyef&wmrsdK;ayghaemf/ 'gawGvnf; SdrSmaygh/ aemuf
wpfcku foreign investment 0ifvmw,f/
tck a ygh a emf U U U uG s ef a wmf w d k Y Y Y Y vk y f i ef ; S i f w csd K UajymwJ h
txJ r S m [d k w ,f t opf a wG v k y f M uw,f w J h / 'gawG [ m rS m ;,G i f ; rI j zpf
aew,f / aemif r S m 'D [ d k w ,f a wG u tcef ; iS m ;pm;&wJ h b 0a&muf
oG m ;vd r f h r ,f v d k Y oH k ; oyf c suf a wG a y;aeMuwJ h t csd e f r S m tpf u k d u
BuD ; BuD ; rm;rm; pG e f Y p m;wmbmaMumif h v J /
tJonfvdkusawmh olwdkYb,fvdkwGufvJrodbl;/ wu,fwrf;
usawmh uGsefawmfwdkYqDrSm [dkw,f[m tckvufSd[mxuf tck
aemufxyf aqmufwJh[mawGaygif;vdkuf U U U aygif;vdkufNyD; oHk;eYJ
YajrmufvkdufOD;/ xyfaqmufOD;/ vdkaeao;w,f/

36

(pmrsufESm 10 okdY )

"mwfyHk-YOH

awmf B uD ; &S m ;yg;wJ h t wG u f ur m

t&yf&yfrmS &Sw
d hJ jrefrmbke;f awmfBuD;
ausmif;awGudk qufcHrnfhol r&SdbJ
vufvw
T v
f u
dk &f wmawG rsm;NyD? ,k;d
',m;wpfEkdifiHxJrSmyif jrefrmbkef;
awmfBuD;r&SdvdkY vufvTwfvkduf&
onfhausmif;(100)ausmfqkH;IH;&NyD;
jzpfw,f/ 'ghaMumifh bkef;BuD;vkyf
aewJh jynfyomoemjyKvkyfief;rSm
vd k t yf w J h t&nf t csif ; jynf h 0 wJ h
jref r mpmoif o m;&[ef ; awG u d k
jyKpkysKd;axmifzkdY jynfyomoemjyK
avh u sih f a &;pif w m 'grS r [k w f
ausmif ; wpf a usmif ; awmh jref r m
EdkifiHrSm wnfaxmifvdkw,f/ tJh'D
qEuawmh bkef;BuD;rSm&Sdw,f}} [k
q&mawmf B uD ; OD ; ynm0H o u
rd e f Y M um;ygonf / q&mawmf B uD ;
toufBuD;&ifhygu aevdkvnf;ae
jynf y omoemjyKvk y f i ef ; twG u f
vkdtyfaom q&mawmfrsm;jyKpk&ef
omoemjyKpif w mbJ zG i h f z G i h f

(r[moEd o k c ausmif ; awmf B uD ;

ta&;awmfyo
Hk nf jrwfpmG bk&m;\ omoem
awmf0,f ta&;BuD;aomy#dyuta&;BuD;
aomorkdif;jzpf&yfjrwfpGmbk&m;\omoem0if
orkdif;jzpf&yfvnf; jzpfaomaMumifh rvdrfwrf;
rnmwrf; trSefajymMupwrf; vkdtyfygonf/)
yDeefEiS pfh ifumylq&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Hotm; Edik if H
awmfrS t*r[my@dwbGJUukd qufuyfvSL'gef;NyD;onf
aemuf txufjrefrmEkid if w
H pf0rS ;f odYk bk&m;zl;oGm;&ef tpDtpOf
rprD wpf&ufwGif q&mawmfBuD;onf urmat;ukef;ajr&Sd
omoema&;0efBuD;XmerS pDpOfay;aomtaqmif wnf;cdpk Of pma&;
oluyif AdkvfrSL;BuD;apmjrifhtm; q&mawmfBuD;jrefrmjynfjyefvmygu
wnf;cdk&eftoufBuD;&ifhvm jrefrmEkdifiHwGif jyefaevdkyguvnf; ae&m
xkdifcif;toifh&Sdap&ef tpkd;&xHwGif q&mawmfBuD;taejzihf ausmif;ajr
ae&mwpfae&mavQmufxm;zkYd q&mawmfBuD;tm;avQmufxm;&ef pma&;ol
uyif AdkvfrSL;BuD;apmjrifhukd ajymygonf/
xdt
k cg Adv
k rf LS ;BuD;apmjrihu
f q&mawmfBuD;u atmfxw
k af eOD;r,f?
'gayrJh q&mbJ avQmufMunhfav[kqkdygonf/ AdkvfrSL;BuD;apmjrihfu
pma&;oludk q&m[komac:ygonf/ 'gqdk AkdvfrSL;BuD;vJ tem;rSm&Sdae
avQmufxm;awmh uREfawmfavQmufygr,f[k qdkum q&mawmfBuD;xH
ESpaf ,muf0ifomG ;Muygonf/
q&mawmfBuD;xHa&mufawmh q&mawmfBuD;u Adv
k rf LS ;BuD;wdYk bmudp
&Sad o;vJ[k ar;ygonf/ Adv
k rf LS ;BuD;apmjrihu
f q&mavQmufvu
dk af v[kq
dk
pma&;olu ]]q&mawmfBuD;-tck tpk;d &u q&mawmfBuD;rsm;udk ajruGuf
awGoiho
f vkcd say;aeygonf/ q&mawmfBuD; jrefrmjynfjyefvmwJt
h cgvnf;
wnf;&atmif touft&G,Bf uD;&ifv
h Ydk jrefrmjynfrmS jyefae&ifvJ tqif
oih&f adS tmif q&mawmfBu;D taejzihf tpk;d &xHwiG f ajrwpfuu
G f avQmufxm;
yg&ap bk&m;[k pma&;olu avQmufxm;ygonf/ AdkvfrSL;BuD;apmjrihfu
q&majymonfhtwkdif; rSefygonf[k avQmufxm;yg\/
xdt
k cgq&mawmfBuD;u ]]rvkyd gbl;uGm? igjyefaecsiv
f J atmifr*Fvm
od'&d o
dS m;bJ aevd&Yk ygw,f}} [k qkyd gonf/ odaYk omfvnf; q&mawmfBuD;
u 'kwd,tBudrf jyefpOf;pm;&mwGif ]]bkef;BuD;wu,fvkyfcsifwJhqE
wpfcak wmh&w
dS ,f tJ'h q
D Eu urmay:rSm jrefrmbke;f awmfBuD;ausmif;awG
&Sdoifhoavmuf&SdNyD;jzpfw,f/ 'gayrJh tJh'Dausmif;awGrSm t&nftcsif;
jynh0f wJo
h moemjyKjrefrmbke;f BuD;awGvt
dk yfaew,f/ t&nftcsi;f jynh0f wJh
jrefrmbkef;awmfBuD;awGvkdtyfaew,f/t&nftcsif;jynfh0wJh jrefrmbkef;

tmPmudk xde;f odr;f aqmif&u

G v
f suf&adS omEkid if aH wmfNidr0f yfyjd ym;rI wnf
aqmufa&;tzGUJ (e0w)\twGi;f a&;rSL;(1)onf 'kw,
d Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;cifneG Yf
jzpfonf/ q&mawmfBuD; Edik if jH cm;okYd jyefr<uao;rD e0wk;H okYd pmydEYk ikd &f ef
pmMurf;ukd pma&;olyif a&;&onf/

,if;pmudk q&mawmfBuD; OD;ynm0Hou jyifvkdwmrsm;jyifNyD;

pma&;olyif tacsmdu
k yf gonf/ tacsmdu
k Nf yD;pmay:wGif avmavmq,f
qufuyfvSL'gef;xm;aom t*r[my@dw wHqdyfudk dkufESdyf&ef
ajymaomtcg AdkvfrSL;BuD;apmjrifhuvnf; vdkygw,fbk&m;[k 0if
avQmufygonf/ xdkYaemuf wHqdyfwkef;udk pma&;olyif xkwf,l INK
PACK wGif rSifqGwfum ajravQmufvTmpm&Gufay:wGif dkufESdyfvdkuf
ygonf/ xdkYaemuf ,if;pm&Gufay:wGif q&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0Hou
uk,
d w
f idk v
f ufrw
S af &;xd;k Ny;D xdpk mukd Adv
k rf LS ;BuD;apmjrifv
h ufxo
J Ykd pmtdwf
wGif xnh
f tyfvu
dk yf gonf/ q&mawmfBuD;OD;ynm0HorS e0wtpk;d &tzGUJ
twGi;f a&;rSL;(1)'kw,
d Adv
k cf sKyfBuD;cifneG x
Yf H ay;ydaYk ompmudk aemufquf
wGJ(3)tjzpf azmfjytyfygonf/
vkyfaqmifvdkwmvkyf&atmif tpkd;&xHwGif q&mawmfBuD;taejzihf ajr
avQmufxm;ygbk&m; aemifwGif &efukefausmif;ajrae&m&zdkY cJ,Of;vm
Ekid yf grnf[k quf avQmufxm;&m q&mawmfBuD;u ausmif;aqmufrnfh
ajrae&mavQmufxm;rnfqkdygu rif;wdkYtzGJUav;wpfzGJUawmhzGJU yxrvl
odyfrrsm;apeJYaemufrSwkd;csJUwmaygh[kqdkaomaMumifh avmhtdef*svdpf?
pifumylEiS fh yDeefq&mawmfBuD; jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f ausmif;wnfaqmuf a&;ESihf
jynfyomoemjyK&[ef;awmfrsm;jyKpka&;tzGUJ ukd yk*Kd vfo;Hk OD;ESifh zGUJ pnf;ygonf/
,if;yk*Kd vfo;Hk OD;rSm1/ AdkvfrSL;BuD; apmjrifh - Ou| (,ckuG,fvGef)
2/ usm;ysH OD;tkef;armif (jynfNrdKU) b@ma&;rSL; (,ckuG,fvGef)
3/ OD;cspfpH (cspfpH0if;) twGi;f a&;rSL; (,ckpma&;ol) wkjYd zpfygonf/
xdkYaemuf urmat;ukef;ajrbGJUcHq&mawmfBuD;rsm; wnf;cdk
aqmifrmS yif ausmif;aqmufvyk af &;ESifh jynfyomoemjyK&[ef;awmfrsm;
jyKpka&;tzGUJ yxrtBudrt
f pnf;ta0;udk (19?5?1994) nae(17;30)em&D
usi;f y&m tpnf;ta0;uqk;H jzwfcsuo
f ;Hk &yfukd csrw
S yf gonf/ ,if;qk;H jzwf
csufwrYdk mS
(u) avmhtdef*svdpf?pifumylESihfyDeefq&mawmfBuD; ausmif;wnf
aqmufa&;aumfrwDzGJUpnf;rIudk twnfjyKqkH;jzwfonf/
(c) ajrae&m&Sda&;twGuf qufvufaqmif&Guf&ef qkH;jzwfonf/
(*) bPfaiGpm&if;wpf&yfzGihfvSpf&ef qkH;jzwfonf/
xdt
k pnf;ta0;wGif pma&;olwifjyaom q&mawmfBu;D OD;ynm0Ho\
jynfyomoemjyK &[ef;awmfrsm;vdt
k yfcsuf pmwrf;udrk w
S w
f rf;wifxm;&Sd
onf/OD;apmjrifh? OD;tkef;armifESihf pma&;olOD;cspfpH(cspfpH0if;)wkdYyg0ifaom
ausmif;aqmufvyk af &;aumfrwDonf yDeefq&mawmfBuD;twGuf &efuek Nf rKd U
ay:wGif ajrae&m&&Sda&;twGuf pwifusKd;yrf;onf/ xdkpOfu EkdifiHawmf

(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)
a'gufwmcspfpH(cspfpH0if;)

tcsyfydk-(B)od
od k Y