T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh - th\u00e0nh trong th\u00e0nh - l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m B\u1eafc Kinh v\u1edbi m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ng\u00f3i l\u01b0u ly m\u00e0u
v\u00e0ng, s\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2y ng\u0103n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n
ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n. T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn
nh\u1ea5t, ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.

L\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf hai tri\u1ec1u Minh, Thanh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, cho t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1911, khi \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf di\u1ec7t vong.

T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103m 1406 (n\u0103m V\u0129nh L\u1ea1c th\u1ee9 4 \u0111\u1eddi Minh) tr\u1ea3i qua 14 n\u0103m m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. N\u0103m 1421, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf V\u0129nh L\u1ea1c d\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4 t\u1eeb Nam Kinh l\u00ean B\u1eafc Kinh, hao t\u1ed1n l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia. N\u0103m 1644, qu\u00e2n Thanh l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 tri\u1ec1u Minh, T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf tri\u1ec1u Thanh l\u00ean ngai v\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ebb huy ho\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n x\u00e2y th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec1n mi\u1ebfu, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc m\u00ea h\u1ed3n. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, s\u1ef1 huy ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao.

T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y tuy\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa ch\u00ednh Nam, ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, chung
quanh l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng cao 9 m\u00e9t. Trong th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i
x\u1ee9ng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1eeda, vi\u1ec7n, s\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh vi\u00ean. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 9.999 gian ph\u00f2ng d\u00e0nh
ri\u00eang cho ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e1i h\u1eadu, h\u1eadu phi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1n quan, cung
n\u1eef. Trong cung h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean quy t\u1eafc, l\u1ec5 nghi c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u00e0 T\u1eed C\u1ea5m
Th\u00e0nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi
ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.

C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00e1nh
gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb Siberi v\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i. C\u1eeda ch\u00ednh Ng\u1ecd m\u00f4n \u1edf m\u1eb7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01a1i
ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Qua kh\u1ecfi Ng\u1ecd m\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n, kim th\u1ee7y h\u00e0 xuy\u00ean
ngang, tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103m c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec7n cho ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ee9c. Qua c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u1edbi Th\u00e1i
H\u00f2a m\u00f4n. B\u00ean trong c\u1eeda c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1c l\u1edbn, ch\u1ee9a t\u1edbi 90.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.