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Special ISSUE

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1964-2009

role Inse
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To seamlessly integrate
SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS
submarines into Network
WIDENING
Centric Operations,
H O R I Z O N S . . .
in addition to the
technological challenges
which require to be
overcome, there is also a
need to change the way
submarines do ‘business
at sea’.
2008
4 Page 11
2009
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During a recent
high-level review,
Defence Minister
���������������
��������������� A.K. Antony
directed the IN and
the coast guard to
plug deficiencies �������
������� in the working of
coastal security December 2009-January 2010 ▸ Vol 4 No 6
“Though territory related issues retain their
primacy, other issues, like historical differ- network.
Rs 75.00 (INDIA-BASED BUYER ONLY) www.spsnavalforces.net
ences and religious prejudices, are no less 3Page 9
a contributing factor. Modern day conflicts...
have expanded to include terrorists, religious
fanatics and ethnic interests.”
—Defence Minister A.K. Antony at a
meet on ‘Changing Nature of Conflict’
on November 23

The last issue


���������

JAYANT MINISTER OF DEFENCE


of 2009 also INDIA
BARANWAL
coincides with
the Indian MANAGING
Navy Day, EDITOR &
Message
I
thus to com- PUBLISHER
memorate
it, an article am happy to learn that you are publishing the SP’s Naval Forces – Indian Navy Special.
tracing the
evolution of Our economic progress is closely linked to the security of our coasts. India will be increasingly called upon to strike a balance and enhance
the security in and around the Indian Ocean region. Moreover, coastal security has assumed an increased importance of late. We have initiated
the Indian Navy from a fledgling force several measures to strengthen the security along our long coastline. The role and responsibilities of the Navy will increase correspondingly.
to a blue water navy, capable of grow-
ing into a regional power, has been included. We are committed to the process of modernisation of our Navy. Modernisation must however, not come at the cost of indigenisation.
A round up of the year’s milestones achieved, Adequate attention must be paid to the development of physical and human resources and their optimal and judicious utilisation.
supported by appropriate images, adds to the I am sure the publication will be read and liked widely.
glorious achievements of the navy in the year
gone by. No annual day of the defence forces Please accept my best wishes for your endeavours.
can be commemorated until we remember
(A.K. Antony)
our gallant martyrs. In the Navy Hall of Fame,
Captain M.N. Mulla’s sacrifice is retraced with
touching insights from his wife and daughter,
with some rare photographs.
In dian Navy

There are two articles on submarines,


one covering anti-submarine weapons in
which the writer traces the evolution of ant-
submarine weapons and argues in favour
of the torpedo as the most potent weapon.
The other article gives out the requirement
of communications for submarines while
operating in Net Centric Operations as well as
touches upon some future trends. The events
of 26/11 redefined terrorism for terrorists, the
government, media and the average citizen.
As the first anniversary of 26/11 was fast
approaching, there was a frenzy of activity
in the print and electronic media to bring it
to the notice of the decision makers as well
to increase viewership. Thus, an article on
coastal security management was considered
most appropriate where a candid review has

Transition to
been carried as to what has been achieved
and what are the unfinished tasks. News
Digest wraps up this special issue dedicated
to the Indian Navy.
I would like to take this opportunity to
convey our gratitude to our Defence Minister
Mr A.K. Antony, for his support and encour-

BLUE WATER
Photograph: www.indiannavy.nic.in

agement towards our efforts.

DECEMBER 4, 2009
On the occasion of Navy Day, we at
SP’s take this opportunity to extend
our warm wishes to the Indian Navy.
Sindhughosh
Class Submarine

Being a technology intensive service, the IN requires upgradation of modernisation


plans on a constant basis. Recent times have witnessed considerable openness,
liberalisation and access to global market for frontline technologies.

JAYANT BARANWAL
R E A R A D M I R A L ( R E T D ) S . K . R A M S AY
PUBLISHER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
For article, turn to Page 2

INDIAN NAVY SPECIAL • SP’s NAVAL FORCES 6/2009 1


Guard had successfully led to release of
a hijacked Japanese cargo ship, the MV
Alondra Rainbow, from pirates.
Piracy off the coast of Somalia: The IN,
by deploying its stealth frigate INS Tabar in
October 2008, emerged as one of the first
to respond to crisis situation perpetuated by
pirates operating around the coast of Somalia
and the Gulf of Aden. Frontline destroyer INS
Mysore was also deployed to augment the
anti-piracy operations. On a request from the
Seychelles government, patrol by naval ships
in the area was intensified which resulted
in the arrest of nine pirates. The INS Savitri,
an Offshore Patrol Vessel, has recently been
deployed in the region for constant vigil and to
create a secure environment.

Operational Commands & Bases


With Naval Headquarters at Delhi, Chief of the
Naval Staff exercises operational control of the
navy through the Western Naval Command,
Eastern Naval Command and Southern
Naval Command. Each of these commands
is headed by a Vice Admiral. At Port Blair, a
tri-service Andaman and Nicobar Command
was established in 2001. The primary role of
this command is to safeguard India’s strategic
interests in Southeast Asia and the Strait of
Malacca. Between the three services, com-
mand is exercised on a rotational basis.
The INS Kadamba at Karwar, situated
100 km south of Goa, was commissioned in
2005 as the third operational naval base of
the IN. Developed under project ‘Seabird’, it
is the largest naval base in the region. The ships, submarines and aircraft, which is aug- one Aircraft Carrier INS Viraat, Missile Boats, on July 26 this year by the Prime Minister,
Indian Naval Academy, commissioned as the mented by acquisition of foreign platforms to Minesweepers, Fast Attack Crafts, and so on. Dr Manmohan Singh.
INS Zamorin at Ezhimala, was inaugurated
in February 2009 by the Prime Minister of
overcome the gaps on account of delays in
indigenous shipbuilding programmes.
Submarines: The submarine fleet consists
of diesel-electric submarines, the Russian To Read the
Fleet Air Arm: Sea Harriers are the frontline
combat aircraft of the navy’s fleet air arm,

Complete Story
India. To augment operational capabili- Surface Ships: The inventory of the navy’s origin Foxtrot and Sindhughosh Classes and operating from aircraft carrier INS Viraat.
ties and infrastructure on the east coast, surface ships comprises the Delhi and Rajput German origin Shishumar Class. A Russian Recently, the airborne early warning helicop-
another state-of-the-art operational naval Class guided-missile destroyers, guided-mis- Charlie Class nuclear submarine, commis- ter Kamov-31 was acquired from Russia. In
base is coming up about 50 km south of sile frigates of Talwar Class, Brahmaputra sioned as INS Chakra, was operated on addition, the Sea King, Kamov-28 and the
Visakhapatnam at Rambilli Mandal. Class and Godavari Class, and the next- lease by the IN between1988 and 1991. A Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) built
generation Shivalik Class, the Kora, Khukri, technology demonstrator and most presti- Dhruv are used in anti-submarine warfare - Visit -
Force Levels Veer and Abhay Class corvettes, amphibious gious indigenous programme for construc- (ASW) role. Maritime reconnaissance role is
The three dimensional profile of the IN essen-
tially comprises indigenously built surface
ships Landing Ship Tank (medium and large)
and Landing Platform Dock INS Jalashwa,
tion of nuclear powered submarines came
out of the stable with the launch of Arihant
www.spsnavalforces.net
performed by the Tupolev 142, Ilyushin 38,
Islanders, Dornier Do 228 aircraft, as well as
Continued on page 4

www.spsnavalforces.net

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Sindhughosh
Class Submarine

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Follow us on Twitter Being a technology intensive service, the IN requires upgradation


of modernisation plans on a constant basis. Recent times have Transition to
witnessed considerable openness, liberalisation and access to
global market for frontline technologies. BLUE WATER
News Hotline
During a recent high- To seamlessly integrate
TU ES

level review, Defence submarines into Network


no STA RIN
S?

Minister A.K. Antony Centric Operations, in addition


A
n’ ER BM

directed the IN and to the technological challenges


• D PO SU

the coast guard to which require to be overcome,


w
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plug deficiencies in there is also a need to change


o AL EA
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the working of coastal the way submarines do


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security network ‘business at sea’


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Indian Navy’s story of supreme Northrop Grumman


&

valour: Remembering Captain M N proposes the sale of


HI IA

Review & LT GENERAL (RETD) Communications COMMODORE (RETD)


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Mulla and his ship INS Khukri Advanced Hawkeye E-2D


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(Story and Video) aircraft to the Indian Navy Road Ahead NARESH CHAND & NCO C.P. SRIVASTAVA
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Hall of Fame
Illustration: Ratan sonal and Photographs: Abhishek / SP Guide Pubns

Late Captain Mulla’s daughter Ameeta Mulla Wattal and his wife Sudha;
(top) the Mullas as a young couple

A Tale of
See video of the interview on www.spsnavalforces.net

Ameeta Mulla Wattal, Captain On the Golden Jubilee of India becoming

Supreme Valour
Mulla’s elder daughter. Voice a republic, the Department of Posts issued
wrought with emotion and a stamp to pay tribute to Captain Mulla’s
pride, the daughter read out valour and sacrifice. Admiral Madhvendra
the last letter from her father, Singh, then Chief of the Naval Staff, inau-
which she has safely framed for gurated the ‘Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla
posterity. It is not always that Auditorium’, a 968-seater, air-conditioned
one inherits a legacy of rare auditorium at Navy Nagar, Mumbai.
valour. Retrospectively, Ameeta Amid the enduring praise is a soft voice
observes: “Not because it that lends an insight into the man Captain
was the right thing to do, nor Mulla was. “He was very straightforward and
Remembering Captain M.N. Mulla because it was expected of truthful. To him the world was either black or
him, but because knowing him white,” reminiscences his wife Sudha Mulla.
and his ship, the INS Khukri as I did, it was the only thing he “He disliked having to compromise and this
S A N G E E TA S A X E N A would have done.” evoked strong responses from people. Some
liked him and some did not but I believe he
was respected by all, seniors and juniors

D
alike.” Eyes clouding with nostalgia, she
ecember 9, 1971. The violent recalls: “The sailors and his subordinates
sounds of war rumbled as a furi- adored him because he was very fair and
ous yet futile struggle took place just. He was a strict disciplinarian but he
40 nautical miles off the coast was also very kind and generous to them,
of Diu. This was a desperate last attempt particularly when they needed help.”
to save lives on the Blackwood class anti- Today, the very tradition of a ship’s
submarine frigate, INS Khukri, deployed Captain going down with his vessel, not-
to fight Pakistan during Operation Trident, withstanding the supreme valour of the act,
known to Indians as the 1971 war. is itself debated—particularly, when one
Torpedoed by a Pakistani submarine, PNS can live to fight another day and pass on
Hangor, it became the only Indian ship the lessons of real time action
to sink—a chapter in its history Indian to the new
Navy will never forget. A gripping battle generations of
story which salutes the exemplary cour- fighters who
age and great leadership of Captain M.N. would benefit
Mulla who went down with his ship, true to from the first
the time-honoured tradition that dictates hand experi-
“captains don’t abandon their ships”, has The INS Khukri; (right) a commemorative stamp of M.N. Mulla ence of a war
motivated generations of naval officers. He veteran. A
was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra post- captain may
humously for conspicuous gallantry and abandon
dedication to duty. his ship
Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla settled on cious seamanship and India takes pride in To honour the mar- and save
WWW.SPSNAVALFORCES.NET

To Read the
the bridge and exhorted his men to aban- the story of INS Khukri and Captain Mulla. tyrs of INS Khukri, the his life for
don the ship and jump into the cold waters “I have often wondered what made my Indian Navy raised a further
of the Arabian Sea. It was 8.45 pm and the father decide to go down with his ship after memorial constituting a service to
Khukri sank within minutes. He preferred to
stand by his 18 officers and 176 sailors who
went down with the Khukri—the only Indian
it was torpedoed during the 1971 Indo-Pak
war. Did he want his name to be enshrined
in history books as a man of valour? Did he
full-scale model of the INS
Khukri—15 m long, 2 m
wide and 7 ft tall—in Diu, on a small hillock
Complete Story the force, seems to be
the unanimous opinion of naval personnel.
But ask the common man who gratefully
captain to go down with a ship to his watery do it because it was a part of an old archaic facing the Arabian Sea and the exact loca- welcomes the heroes fortunate enough
grave during war. He taught generations of
naval officers not only how to live but how
naval tradition, or did he accompany his
ship to the womb of the sea because he felt
tion where the crew of the INS Khukri fought
valiantly 38 years ago. It was inaugurated
- Visit -
to return home but fondly remembers the
martyrs who gave their present for the
to die. No point debating and discussing
a 38-year-old story. Each ship’s operations
it was the right thing to do? Whatever the
reason, he was a great leader and continues
by Vice Admiral Madhvendra Singh, on
December 15, 1999, during his tenure as www.spsnavalforces.net
country’s future. And that is how India
will always remember and revere Captain
unravel stories of guile, courage and auda- to influence my every living moment,” said FOC-in-C Western Naval Command. Mahendra Nath Mulla, MVC.

8 SP’s NAVAL FORCES 6/2009 • INDIAN NAVY SPECIAL ISSUE


Review &

Photographs: www.about.com and PRO Navy


Coastal Management

Road Ahead
During a recent high-level review, Defence Minister A.K. Antony directed the IN and the coast guard to plug
Smoke rises from the windows of the Taj Hotel in Mumbai after the
26/11 terrorist strike

deficiencies in the working of coastal security network


LT G E N E R A L ( R E T D ) N A R E S H C H A N D

I
ndia has 15,106.7 km of land recommendations in the form of a public docu- rooms of the IN and the coast guard, both at 3,000 personnel.
border running through 92 dis- ment titled “Reforming the National Security the field and the apex levels. New coast guard stations: The government
tricts in 17 states and a coast- System” in February 2001. Its recommenda- • The IN will control all navy-and-coast-guard has sanctioned nine new coast guard stations.
line of 7,516.6 km touching 13 tions on coastal security, even after eight joint operations. Regional HQ: The Regional Headquarter
states and Union Territories. India’s years, are relevant. Briefly, these are: • Assets, such as ships, boats, helicopters, under an Inspector General was made opera-
total number of islands is 1,197 which • While the Jammu and Kashmir border is still aircraft, and so on, as also the manpower of tional in Gandhinagar in September to coor-
accounts for a stretch of 2,094 km active; Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and the coast guard, will be increased. dinate the patrolling and surveillance off the
additional border or coastline. Ministry the west coast of the country are also being • A specialised force, called “Sagar Prahari Gujarat coast.
of Home Affairs, Department of Border used for the purpose of smuggling arms. Bal”, comprising 1,000 personnel and tasked Air squadron: An air squadron has been acti-
Management has a Border Area The smugglers have acquired high-powered with protecting naval assets and bases on vated in Porbandar in June.
Development Programme started dur- speed boats. both the east and the west coasts, as well as Coastal radars: Defence Secretary Pradeep
ing the Seventh Plan with the twin objectives • The concept of border security has under- the island territories, is to be created. Kumar said Bharat Electronics Limited is in the
of balanced development of sensitive border gone a sea change with the growing vulner- • This force will procure 80 Fast Interception process of installing 46 radars costing about
areas in the western region through adequate ability of the coastline and also of the airspace. Crafts for sea front patrolling. Rs 300 crore all along the Indian coast, includ-
provision of infrastructure facilities and promo- In response to strengthening of security... • A new Coast Guard Regional HQ will be set ing the islands, in the first phase of forming a
tion of a sense of security among the local along a sensitive land border, the transgressor up in Gujarat, under the newly created post radar chain.
population. The programme was revamped in is already on the lookout for soft gaps...along of COMCG (North-West), to look after surveil- Operations & training: Navy Chief Admiral
the Eight Plan and extended to states which the coast, and if need be, from the air. lance off the coast of Gujarat, Daman and Diu. Nirmal Verma said nine operations have been
have an international border with Bangladesh. • Little has been done over the years to • ‘Vessel and Air Traffic Management Systems’ carried out along the west coast based on
The land borders have been continu- understand or take action to create the infra- will be installed by the Ministry of Petroleum to intelligence inputs. To check the effectiveness
ously under focus due to the hostile nature of structure for the protection of India’s vast cover all offshore development areas, as has of the new systems, joint operations are also
certain neighbouring countries and disputed coastal areas. been done in the western offshore region. being carried out between the coast guard,
borders. However, the same is not true of • The GoM felt that it was desirable to set up a • The Indian Coast Guard has been addition- coastal police, customs and the navy. In the
the coastal areas. There are some disputed Specialized Marine Police in all coastal states ally designated as the authority responsible for recently concluded Operation Rakshak in
areas in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and island territories. coastal security within Territorial Waters, includ- September-October, 165 merchant vessels
but apart from this, there are routine problems Evidently, the GoM’s report was not imple- ing areas to be patrolled by the coastal police. and 259 fishing vessels were interrogated by
• The Director General Coast Guard is des- navy and the coast guard. In July, the coast
ignated as ‘Commander Coastal Command’ guard conducted joint exercise “Barricade”
and made responsible for overall coordination along the Tamil Nadu Coast together with the
between central and state agencies. navy and other central and state agencies.
• The setting up of nine additional Coast For the first time, 13 agencies acted together;
Guard Stations to integrate into the ‘hub-and- even the local fisherman were involved. Eleven
spoke concept’ with coastal police stations joint exercises have been conducted along all
along with manpower. the coastal states.
• The proposal for setting up of Static Coastal Schemes under the Home Ministry: The
Radar Chain and a comprehensive network meeting also took stock of the Coastal Security
chain of ‘Automatic Identification System’ sta- Scheme of the Union Ministry of Home
tions along the entire coast as well as island Affairs—64 Coastal Police Stations have been
territories has been approved. made operational, 25 out of 97 check-posts
have been operationalised and 42 boats sup-
High-level review of plied. The Defence Minister directed the con-
coastal security cerned officials to expedite the delivery of the
On November 12, a high-level review of the remaining 152 boats which are in the pipeline.
coastal security was conducted under the The coast guard and the navy are providing
Defence Minister during which he directed training to marine police and other support to
the IN and the coast guard to plug deficien- state governments in matters connected with
cies in the working of coastal security network. boats and their manning. It was agreed that
Admiral Nirmal Verma, who took over as Chief of the Naval Staff on 31st August, during Emphasising that coastal security is a top pri- fishermen need to be actively involved and
his recent interactions with MARCOS (Marine Commandos). ority of the government, Antony underlined an imparted training. So far, 1,500 have been
integrated approach put in place post-Mumbai trained; the navy has trained 74 in Mumbai.
of smuggling and illegal fishing. Division of mented seriously otherwise 26/11 could per- terror attacks and called upon the top officials Integration: Cabinet Secretary K.M.
responsibility among effected agencies is such haps have been averted. of the two forces to meet the procurement Chandrashekharan reiterated that an effective
that the Indian Coast Guard functions between schedules of patrol vessels, interceptor boats, mechanism can be possible only with the col-
12 and 200 nautical miles, which is the EEZ, Post 26/11 surveillance aircraft and radars to enhance lective action of navy, coast guard and states.
while marine police keep watch inside the 12 The same exercise was repeated post 26/11 coastal security. National Security Advisor M.K. Narayanan
nautical miles of territorial waters and the navy and a comprehensive package of measures Fast track acquisitions: Antony expressed wanted the response time to be quickened.
beyond 200 nautical miles of blue water. There were announced by Defence Minister A.K. satisfaction on the fast-track acquisitions of the JOC: Post Mumbai attack, one of the key
is continuous movement of all types of ves- Anthony after its approval by the Cabinet navy and the coast guard. achievements has been operationalising the
sels for trade, fishing, military, policing, sports, Committee on Security. Salient features were: Fast Interceptor Crafts: As many as 80 Fast JOCs at Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Kochi and
and so on. On each Indian coast there are • The Indian Navy (IN) has been made Interceptor Crafts are being acquired for the Port Blair under Naval Cs-in-C, who have been
reportedly 1,50,000 small fishing boats with no responsible for overall maritime security, which Sagar Prahari Bal of the IN at a cost of Rs 320 designated as Cs-in-C of Coastal Defence.
modern navigation means or communications. includes both coastal and offshore security. crore (about $69.5 million). Coastal states have also nominated nodal
Management of such a coastline is a formida- The Indian Coast Guard, State Marine Police Indian Coast Guard: The coast guard would officers for effective coordination. Further the
ble assignment and when super imposed with and other central and state agencies are to get a big boost with the acquisition of 74 intelligence sharing mechanism has been
the template of terrorism, the task becomes all assist the IN in terms of coastal defence. ships/high speed boats/hovercrafts and four streamlined. A toll-free number 1093 for coast-
the more complex and challenging. • Four Joint Operation Centres (JOCs) are to Dornier aircraft. One Advanced Offshore Patrol al security has been set up.
be established at Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Vessel and two interceptor boats joined the
Post Kargil Maintain the momentum
To Read the
Kochi and Port Blair and placed under the coast guard fleet this year and another six will
The events of 26/11 resulted in deep intro- jurisdiction of the respective C-in-C. The JOCs be commissioned by March next year. Director It is not clear whether the manpower short-
spection by the Government of India resulting are to be manned and operated jointly by the General, Coast Guard Vice Admiral Anil ages of the police and other agencies, like
in the establishment of committees to recom-
mend the future course of action in order to
pre-empt a recurrence. Fact is, such efforts
IN and the coast guard, with requisite inputs
from diverse agencies.
• The respective Naval Cs-in-C will hold
tions worth over Rs 6,000 crore (about $1.3
billion) are progressing well.
Complete Magazine
Chopra informed the meeting that the acquisi- the Research and Analysis Wing and the
Intelligence Bureau, are also being plugged
on a war footing. Then the status of issues, like
and intentions have been voiced after every additional responsibility as Cs-in-C, Coastal Delegation of financial powers: The Defence the International Ship and Port Facility Security
terror strike, be it on the Indian Parliament or
in the Kaluchak Cantonment, but still terror-
Defence.
• A ‘National Command, Control,
Minister said the government has in the interim
delegated financial powers to the C–in–C to
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Code, Container Security Initiative, Shipborne
Automatic Identification System, and so on, is
ists have struck with impudence and at will.
Immediately after Kargil, the Group of Ministers
Communication and Intelligence’ network
would be established for real-time Maritime
hire boats for coastal patrolling.
Man power for coast guard: The coast guard www.spsnavalforces.net
not clear. However, it is heartening to see such
progress on ground. What is required is to
(GoM) working under L.K. Advani made its Domain Awareness linking the operations has been asked to expedite the recruitment of maintain the momentum.

INDIAN
INDIAN NAVY SPECIAL •• SP’s NAVAL FORCES
NAVY SPECIAL 6/2009 9
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