Larval Hostplant List For Butterflies of The Washington, DC Area

Hostplant List file://localhost/Users/drkilmer/Sites/Etheridge%20Place/Plantlist.
html
Larval Hostplant List for

Butterflies of the
Washington, DC
Area
DRAFT - last updated April 3, 1998
Asclepias linearis
E-mail Mark Etheridge
© Dale Clark
The following is a list of plants which are recorded as being hostplants for butterflies found in the
Washington, DC area. For the purpose of this list, the DC Area is defined as The District of Columbia,
Arlington, Alexandria and Fairfax Counties in Virginia, and Montgomery and Prince George's Counties
in Maryland. The information is gathered from various sources, and is intended to be as complete as
possible. However, new butterfly hostplants are being reported all the time, and some existing records
may later prove to be erroneous. This list includes only butterflies and plants reported as occuring in the
Washington, DC area.
I have included information for the frequency of occurrence in the Washington, DC area for the
butterflies listed. These should be used as rough guidelines. Keep in mind also that, while the flight
period for a particular butterfly may extend only into May or June, the larvae may be found much later.
Many larvae overwinter. Also, the flight periods listed are general. The butterfly may be seen flying
slightly earlier or later than the given range, and there may be periods within each range when the
butterfly is not on the wing, since it is between broods.
I have also listed the butterflies by current Scientific and Common names. Do not be surprised if the
name differs from that in your field guide. Scientific and Common names do change, and undoubtedly
many of the names on the list below will be obsolete in time.
Please also note that this list is not intended to give a complete listing of all recorded hostplants for a
given species. I have tried to include only those plants which may be expected to occur in the
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Hostplant List file://localhost/Users/drkilmer/Sites/Etheridge%20Place/Plantlist.html
Washington, DC area.
Each plant entry is followed by a list of Washington area butterfly species which are recorded as using
that plant as a hostplant for its larvae. Plant names followed by (N) or (I) indicate that that plant is a
"Native" or "Introduced" species to our area. A butterfly species listing followed by "(?)" indicates that
that species is suspected of using that plant as a hostplant, but the relationship has not been verified.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS:
POACEAE - Grass Family
Agropyron repens - Quackgrass, Witchgrass (I)
Polites mystic - Long Dash (Rare) Carroll Co., MD
Agrostis spp. - Bentgrass
Hylephila phyleus - Fiery Skipper (Common - Aug.-Oct.)
Hesperia leonardus - Leonard's Skipper (Sept.) Local/Uncommon
Amblyscirtes vialis - Common Roadside Skipper (May, L. July-E. Aug.)Uncommon
Agrostis stolonifera - Redtop
Thymelicus lineola - European Skipper (L. May-June) Common
Andropogon spp. - Beardgrass
Cercyonis pegala - Wood Nymph (Late June - Early Sept.) Common
Andropogon gerardi - Bluejoint Turkeyfoot
Hesperia metea - Cobweb Skipper (May) Uncommon
Atrytonopsis hianna - Dusted Skipper (L. May-June) Uncommon
Atrytone logan - Delaware Skipper (July) Uncommon
Andropogon scoparius - Little Bluestem, Prairie Beardgrass
Hesperia sassacus - Indian Skipper (Rare)
Nastra lherminier - Swarthy Skipper (May-Sept.) Common
Polites origenes - Crossline Skipper (L. May-Sept.) Common
Atrytonopsis hyanna- Dusted Skipper (L. May-June) Uncommon
Andropogon virginicus - Broom-sedge
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Avena fatua - Wild Oats

Amblyscirtes vialis - Common Roadside Skipper (May, L. July-E. Aug.) Uncommon
Brachyelytrum erectum
Enodia anthedon - Northern Pearly Eye (June and Aug.) Rare/Uncommon
Cynodon dactylon - Bermuda Grass, Wire Grass (I)

Hermeuptychia hermes - Carolina Satyr (July, Sept.-E. Oct.) Local/Rare
Lerodea eufala - Eufala Skipper (Stray)
Atalopedes campestris - Sachem (May-Oct.) Uncommon-Abundant
Polites vibex - Whirlabout (L. Aug. - Mid. Nov.) Stray
Dactylis glomerata - Orchard Grass (I)

Megisto cymela - Little Wood Satyr (Common Mid. May-June) (Uncommon L. June-Mid. Aug.)
Danthonia spicata - Poverty Grass

Dicanthelium clandestinum - Deer-Tongue Grass

Wallengrenia egeremet - Northern Broken Dash (E. June-July, Mid. Aug.-Sept.) Common
Polites themistocles - Tawny-Edged Skipper (L. May-Oct.) Uncommon
Digitaria filiformis - Finger Grass

Polites themistocles - Tawny-Edged Skipper (L. May-Oct.)
Uncommon
Digitaria sanguinalis - Crabgrass

Wallengrenia otho - Southern Broken Dash (Rare) Charles Co., MD
Distichlis spicata - Seashore Saltgrass
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Panoquina panoquin - Salt Marsh Skipper
Echinochloa crus-galli - Barnyard Grass

Eleusine indica - Yard-Grass, Wire-Grass

Eragrostis spp. - Love Grass

Poanes zabulon - Zabulon Skipper (L. May-June, L. July-Sept.) Common/Abundant
Eragrostis hypnoides
Erianthus spp. - Plume Grass, Woolly Beardgrass

Enodia anthedon - Northern Pearly Eye (June and August) Rare/Uncommon
Erianthus alopecuroides - Silver Plumegrass

Lerema accius - Clouded Skipper (Aug.-Oct.) Uncommon
Festuca rubra - Red Fescue

Hystrix patula - Bottle-brush Grass

Leersia oryzoides - Rice Cut-Grass

Polites peckius - Peck's Skipper (E. May-Mid. June, E. July-E. Oct.) Abundant
Ancyloxypha numitor- Least Skipper (E. May - Mid. Oct.) Abund.
Leersia virginica - White Grass

Panicum spp. - Panic Grasses

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Poanes hobomok - Hobomok Skipper (L. May-Mid. June) Local/Uncommon
Panicum capillare - Old Witch Grass

Panicum virgatum - Switch Grass

Hesperia attalus - Dotted Skipper? (Stray)
Atrytone logan - Delaware Skipper (July) Uncommon
Paspalum spp.
Wallengrenia otho - Southern Broken Dash (Rare) Charles Co., MD
Paspalum setaceum - Slender Paspalum

Polites vibex - Whirlabout (L. Aug. - Mid. Nov.) Stray
Phalaris arundinacea - Reed Canary Grass

Phleum pratense - Common Timothy, Herd's Grass (I)

Thymelicus lineola - European Skipper (L. May-June) Common
Phragmites communis - Wild Reed

Poanes viator - Broad-winged Skipper
Poa spp. - Meadow Grass, Spear Grass, Blue Grass

Poanes hobomok - Hobomok Skipper (L. May-Mid. June) Local/Uncommon
Poa pratense - Kentucky Bluegrass, June Grass

Polites peckius - Peck's Skipper (E. May-Mid. June, E. July-E. Oct.) Abundant
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Setaria spp. - Foxtail Grass

Setaria verticillata - Bur Bristlegrass

Sorghum halepense - Johnson Grass (I)

Nastra lherminier - Swarthy Skipper (May-Sept.) Common
Sorgum vulgare - Broom Corn, Kafir Corn, Sudan Grass

Spartina spp. - Cordgrass

Spartina cynosuroides - Big Cordgrass

Problema bulenta - Rare Skipper (Rare)
Tridens flavus - Smyth Purple-top

Polites origenes - Crossline Skipper (L. May-Sept.) Common
Pompeius verna - Little Glassy Wing (L. May-Sept.) Common
Poanes zabulon - Zabulon Skipper (L. May-June, L. July-Sept.)

Common/Abundant
Triodia spp.
Poanes zabulon - Zabulon Skipper (L. May-June, L. July-Sept.) Common/Abundant
Uniola latifolia - Wild Oats

Zea mays - Corn

Vanessa cardui - Painted Lady (May-Oct.) Immigrant
Strymon melinus - Gray Hairstreak (Early April - Oct.) Common
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Zizania aquatica - Wild Rice

Zizaniopsis miliaceae - Southern Wild Rice

CYPERACEAE - Sedge Family
Carex spp. - Sedge

Carex lacustris
Satyrodes appalachia - Appalachian Eyed Brown (June-Mid. Aug.) Local/Common
Euphyes dion - Dion Skipper (June-E. July, Aug.-E. Sept.) Local/Rare
Euphyes vestris - Dun Skipper (June, L. July-Aug.) Common
Carex stricta
Euphyes conspicua - Black Dash (L. June-July) Local/Rare
Poanes massasoit - Mulberry Wing
Carex trichocarpa
Euphyes bimacula - Two-Spotted Skipper (June) Local/Rare
Rhynchospora inundata - Horned-rush

Scirpus cyperinus - Woolgrass

Euphyes dion - Dion Skipper (June-E. July, Aug.-E. Sept.) Local/Rare
CANNABINACEAE - Hemp Family
Humulus japonicus - Japanese Hop (I)
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Polygonia interrogationis - Question Mark (E. Spring - L. Aug.) Common
Humulus lupulus - Common Hop (I)

Nymphalis antiopa - Mourning Cloak (E. Spring-Fall) Uncommon/Common
Celastrina ladon - Spring Azure (April-Sept.) Common
Polygonia comma - Eastern Comma (June-July) Uncommon
Vanessa atalanta - Red Admiral (April-Oct.) Common (?)
URTICACEAE - Nettle Family
Boehmeria cylindrica - False Nettle (N)

Vanessa atalanta - Red Admiral (April-Oct.) Common
Laportea canadensis - Wood-nettle(N)

Parietaria pensylvanica
Urtica spp. - Nettle

Vanessa virginiensis - American Lady (Apr.-Nov.) Common
Urtica dioica - Stinging Nettle (I)

Urtica gracilis - Tall Wild Nettle

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ARISTOLOCHIACEAE - Birthwort Family
Aristolochia durior - Dutchman's Pipe (N)

Battus philenor - Pipevine Swallowtail - (L. April-L. Oct.) Uncommon
Aristolochia serpentaria - Virginia Snakeroot (N)

POLYGONACEAE - Buckwheat Family
Rumex spp. - Dock

Rumex acetosella - Field Sorrel, Sheep Sorrel, Red Sorrel(I)

Lycaena phlaeas - American Copper (Mid. April-Nov.) Common
Rumex crispus - Curled Dock, Narrow Dock, Sour Dock (I)

Lycaena hyllus - Bronze Copper (Mid. May-Oct.) Local/Rare
Lycaena phlaeas - American Copper (Mid. April-Nov.) Common
Rumex obtusifolius - Bitter Dock, Broad-Leaved Dock (I)

Lycaena hyllus - Bronze Copper (Mid. May-Oct.) Local/Rare
Polygonum convolvulus - Black Bindweed (I)

Battus philenor - Pipevine Swallowtail - (L. April-L. Oct.) Uncommon (doubtful association)
Polygonum hydropiper - Common Smartweed (N)

Battus philenor - Pipevine Swallowtail - (L. April-L. Oct.) Uncommon (doubtful association)
Polygonum lapathifolium - Nodding Smartweed, Pale Smartweed (N)

CHENOPODIACEAE - Goosefoot Family
Chenopodium album - Lamb's Quarters, Pigweed (I)

Staphylus hayhurstii - Hayhurst's Scallopwing (L. May-June, Aug.-Sept.) Rare/Uncommon
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Pholisora catullus - Common Sootywing (L. April - Oct.) Common
Chenopodium ambrosioides - Wormseed, Mexican Tea (I)

AMARANTHACEAE - Amaranth Family
Amaranthus hybridus - Prince's Feather, Pigweed (I)

Amaranthus retroflexus - Pigweed (I)

Amaranthus albus - Tumbleweed (N)

Amaranthus spinosus - Thorny Amaranth

Celosia argentea - Silvery Celosia, Cockscomb

PORTULACACEAE - Purslane Family
Portulaca oleraceae - Pusley (I)

Euptoieta claudia - Variegated Fritillary (June-Nov.) Uncommon
RANUNCULACEAE - Crowfoot Family
Aquilegia canadensis - Wild Columbine (N)

Celastrina ladon - Spring Azure (April-Sept.) Common(?)
Cimicifuga racemosa - Black Snakeroot (N)

BERBERIDACEAE - Barberry Family
Podophyllum peltatum - May-apple

BRASSICACEAE - Mustard Family
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Arabidopsis thaliana - Mouse-ear Cress

Anthocharis midea - Falcate Orange-tip (L. March-Mid. May) Local/Common
Arabis canadensis - Sicklepod (N)

Arabis glabra - Tower Mustard (N)

Pieris rapae - Cabbage White (E. March-Hard Frost) Abundant
Pieris protodice - Checkered White (April-Frost) Local/Uncommon
Arabis laevigata - Smooth Rockcress (N)

Arabis lyrata - Lyre-leaved Rockcress (N)

Anthocharis midea - Falcate Orange-tip (L. March-Mid. May)Local/Common
Armoracia lapathifolia - Horseradish (I)

Barbarea verna - Early Winter-cress (I)

Barbarea vulgaris - Common Winter-cress, Yellow Rocket (I)

Anthocharis midea - Falcate Orange-tip (L. March-Mid. May) Local/Common (Oviposition - larvae may not survive)
Brassica kaber - Charlock (I)

Pieris protodice - Checkered White - (April-Frost) Local/Uncommon
Brassica napus - Turnip (I)

Brassica nigra - Black Mustard (I)

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Pieris protodice - Checkered White - (April-Frost)Local/Uncommon
Capsella bursa-pastoris - Shepherd's Purse (I)

Cardamine bulbosa - Spring or Bulbous Cress (N)

Cardamine hirsuta - Hairy Bitter-cress

Cardamine parviflora - Small-flowered Cress (N)

Cleome spinosa - Spider Flower (I)

Dentaria heterophylla - Slender Toothwort (N)

Dentaria laciniata - Cut-leaved Pepperroot (N)

Descurainia sophia - Herb-Sophia

Pieris protodice - Checkered White - (April-Frost) Local/Uncommon
Hesperis matronalis - Dame's Violet (I)

Lepidium campestre - Field Cress (I)

Lepidium virginicum - Wild Peppergrass (N)

Lepidium densiflorum - Dense-flowered Peppergrass
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Pieris protodice - Checkered White - (April-Frost)Local/Uncommon
Lobularia maritima - Sweet Alyssum (I)

Pieris protodice - Checkered White(April-Frost) Local/Uncommon
Lunaria annua - Honesty, Moneywort (I)

Nasturtium officinale - True Watercress (I)

Raphanus raphanistrum - Wild Radish, Jointed Charlock (I)

Raphanus sativus - Garden Radish (I)

Sisymbrium spp.
Sisymbrium altissimum - Tumble-Mustard (I)

Sisymbrium officinale - Hedge Mustard (I)

Thlaspi arvense - Field Pennycress (I)

CRASSULACEAE - Orpine Family
Sedum spp. - Stone Crop

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ROSACEAE - Rose Family
Fragaria spp. - Strawberry

Boloria selene - Silver-bordered Fritillary (L. June-L. July) No Records Since Late 1970's
Potentilla canadensis - Common cinquefoil (N)

Pyrgus centaureae - Grizzled Skipper (Historic - Now Close To Extinction In Our Area))
FABACEAE - Legume Family
Amphicarpa bracteata - Hog Peanut (N)

Eurema lisa - Little Yellow (Mid.May-Oct.) Common (Doubtful)
Epargyreus clarus - Silver-spotted Skipper (L. April-Mid. Oct.) Common/Abundant
Urbanus proteus - Long-tailed Skipper (Stray)
Autochton cellus - Golden-banded Skipper (L. April-Aug.) Local/Rare
Apios americana - Groundnut, Wild Bean (N)

Thorybes bathyllus - Southern Cloudywing (June-Aug.) Common
Astragalus spp. - Milk Vetch

Everes comyntas - Eastern Tailed Blue (L. April-Oct.) Abundant
Thorybes pylades - Northern Cloudywing (Mid. May-Sept.) Common
Astragalus canadensis - Canadian Milk Vetch (N)

Erynnis baptisiae - Wild Indigo Duskywing (L. April-Sept.) Common
Baptisia spp. - False Indigo

Achalarus lyciades - Hoary Edge (E. May-July) Local/Common
Colias eurytheme - Orange Sulphur (April-Nov.) Abundant
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Baptisia australis - Blue False Indigo (N)

Callophrys irus - Frosted Elfin (L. April-May) Local/Rare
Baptisia tinctoria - Wild Indigo, Rattle-Weed (N)

Colias philodice - Clouded Sulphur (April-Nov.) Abundant
Erynnis baptisiae - Wild Indigo Duskywing(L. April-Sept.) Common
Cassia spp. - Wild Senna

Cassia fasciculata - Large-flowered Partridge Pea (N)

Phoebis sennae - Cloudless Sulphur (September) Rare/Uncommon Immigrant
Eurema nicippe - Sleepy Orange (L. May-Sept.) Rare/Uncommon
Eurema lisa - Little Yellow (Mid.May-Oct.) Common
Cassia marilandica - Maryland Wild Senna (N)

Cassia nictitans - Small-Flowered Partridge Pea, Wild Sensitive Plant (N)

Centrosema virginianum - Spurred Butterfly-pea

Erynnis zarucco - Zarucco Duskywing (April-Sept.) Uncommon
Clitoria mariana - Butterfly-pea (N)

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Coronilla spp. - Vetch

Coronilla varia - Crown Vetch (I)

Crotalaria sagittalis (N)

Desmodium spp. - Tick trefoil, Beggar's ticks

Desmodium canadense - Showy Tick-trefoil (N)

Thorybes pylades - Northern Cloudywing (Mid May - Sept.) Common
Desmodium canescens - Hoary Tick-trefoil (N)

Desmodium ciliare - Hairy Small-leaved Tick-trefoil (N)

Desmodium cuspidatum - Large-bracted Tick-trefoil (N)

Desmodium glabellum - Dillen's Tick-trefoil (N)

Desmodium marilandicum - Smooth Small-leaved Tick-trefoil (N)

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Desmodium nudiflorum - Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil (N)

Desmodium nuttalli (N)

Desmodium perplexum (N)

Desmodium rigidum - Rigid Tick-trefoil (N)

Everes comyntas - Eastern Eastern Tailed Blue (L. April-Oct.) Abundant
Desmodium rotundifolium - Prostrate Tick-trefoil (N)

Desmodium viridiflorum - Velvety Tick-trefoil (N)

Galactia spp. - Milk Pea (N)

Glycine max - Soy-Bean (I)

Colias cesonia - Southern Dogface (Stray)
Lathyrus palustris - Vetchling (N)
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Lespedeza spp. - Bush-clover

Thorybes confusis - Confused Cloudywing (May-Aug.) Rare
Lespedeza stipulaceae - Korean Lespedeza (I)

Lespedeza intermedia - Wandlike Bush-clover (N)

Thorybes pylades - Northern Cloudywing (Mid. May-Sept.)

Common
Lespedeza virginica - Slender Bush-clover (N)

Lespedeza capitata - Round-headed Bush-clover (N)

Epargyreus clarus - Silver-spotted Skipper (L. April-Mid. Oct.)

Common/Abundant
Thorybes pylades - Northern Cloudywing (Mid. May-Sept.)

Common
Lespedeza hirta - Hairy Bush-clover (N)

Lotus corniculatus - Birdsfoot-trefoil (I)

Lupinus spp.
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Lupinus perennis - Wild Lupine (N)

Medicago lupulina - Black Medic, Nonesuch (I)

Medicago sativa - Alfalfa, Lucerne (I)

Melilotus alba - White Sweet Clover (I)

Melilotus officinalis - Yellow Sweet Clover (I)

Phaseolus spp. - Wild Bean

Phaseolus polystachios - Wild Bean (N)
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Pueraria lobata - Kudzu-vine (I)

Rhynchosia tomentosa
Strophostyles helvola - Trailing Wild Bean (N)

Thorybes bathylus - Southern Cloudywing (June-Aug.) Common
Trifolium spp.- Clover

Eurema nicippe - Sleepy Orange (L. May-Sept.) Rare/Uncommon (In Lab)
Eurema lisa - Little Yellow (Mid.May-Oct.) Common (Doubtful)
Trifolium arvense - Rabbit-Foot Clover, Old-Field Clover (I)

Trifolium hybridum - Alsike Clover (I)

Trifolium incarnatum - Crimson Clover

Trifolium pratense - Red Clover (I)

Trifolium repens - White Clover (N)

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Vicia spp. - Vetch

Vicia americana - American Vetch (N)

Everes comyntas - Eastern Eastern Tailed Blue (L. April-Oct.) Abundant
Vicia angustifolia - Common Vetch (I)

Vicia cracca - Tufted Vetch, Canada Pea (I)

Vicia sativa - Spring Vetch, Common Vetch (I)

Vigna sinensis - Cow-pea, Black-eyed Pea (I)

LINACEAE - Flax Family
Linum sulcatum - Grooved Yellow Flax

GERANIACEAE - Geranium Family
Erodium cicutarium - Heron's Bill, Stork's Bill (I)

Nathalis iole - Dainty sulfur(?)
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RUTACEAE - Rue Family
Ruta graveolens - Common Rue

Papilio polyxenes - Black Swallowtail (E. May-E. Oct.) Common
Papilio cresphontes - Giant Swallowtail (E. May-L. Sept.) Uncommon
EUPHORBIACEAE - Spurge Family
Croton monothogynus - Prairie Tea

MALVACEAE - Mallow Family
Althea officinalis - Marshmallow (I)

Pyrgus communis - Common Checkered Skipper (L. April-Oct.) Common
Althea rosea - Hollyhock (I)

Malva spp. - Mallow

Malva moschata - Musk Mallow (I)

Malva neglecta - Common Mallow, Cheeses (I)

Malva sylvestris - High Mallow (I)

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VIOLACEAE - Violet Family
Viola spp. - Violet

Boloria selene - Silver-bordered Fritillary (L. June-July) No Records Since Late 1970's(?)
Viola appalachiensis - Appalachian Blue Violet

Speyeria cybele - Great Spangled Fritillary (L. May-E. Sept.) Common
Viola fimbriatula - Ovate-leaved Violet (N)

Speyeria aphrodite - Aphrodite Fritillary (July-Aug.) Rare
Viola lanceolata - Lance-leaved Violet (N)

Speyeria idalia - Regal Fritillary (Historic - one recent sighting in Prince George's County, Maryland - June 1993)
Viola pallens - Northern White Violet (N)

Boloria bellona - Meadow Fritillary (L. April-Mid. November) Uncommon
Viola papilionacea - Meadow Violet, Blue Violet (N)

Viola pedata - Bird-foot Violet (N)

Viola primulifolia - Primrose-leaved Violet (N)

Viola rafinesquii - Field Pansy (N)

Viola rotundifolia - Round-leaved Yellow Violet (N)

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Viola sororia - Wooly Blue Violet

Boloria bellona - Meadow Fritillary (L. April-Mid. November) Uncommon
Viola tricolor - Pansy, Johny Jump-up, Ladies'-delight

PASSIFLORACEAE - Passion Flower Family
Passiflora incarnata - Maypops, Apricot Vine (N)

Dione vanillae - Gulf Fritillary (Rare Immigrant)
Passiflora lutea - Yellow Passionflower (N)

Dione vanillae - Gulf Fritillary (Rare Immigrant)
APIACEAE - Carrot Family
Anethum graveolens - Dill (I)

Angelica venosa - Hairy Angelica (N)

Carum carvi - Caraway (I)

Cicuta bulbifera - Bulb-bearing Water Hemlock (N)

Cicuta maculata - Spotted Cow-bane (N)

Conium maculatum - Poison Hemlock (I)

Cryptotaenia canadensis - Wild Chervil, Honewort (N)

Daucus carota - Wild Carrot, Queen Anne's Lace (I)

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Eryngium spp. - Eryngo

Foeniculum vulgare - Fennel (I)

Osmorhiza longistylis - Anise root, Smooth Sweet Cicely (N)

Pastinaca sativa - Wild Parsnip (I)

Ptilimnium capillaceum - Mock Bishop's Weed (N)

Sium suave - Water Parsnip (N)

Taenidia integerrima - Drude, Yellow Pimpernel (N)

Thaspium barbinode - Hairy-Jointed Meadow Parsnip (N)

Zizia aptera - Golden Alexanders (N)

Zizia aurea - Golden Alexanders (N)

ASCLEPIADACEAE - Milkweed Family
Asclepias amplexicaulis - Blunt-Leaved Milkweed (N)

Danaus plexippus - Monarch (L. April-Nov.) Common
Asclepias exaltata - Poke-leaved or Tall Milkweed

Asclepias incarnata - Swamp Milkweed (N)
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Asclepias purpurascens - Purple Milkweed (N)

Asclepias syriaca - Common Milkweed (N)

Asclepias tuberosa - Butterfly-Weed, Pleurisy Root (N)

Asclepias verticillata - Whorled Milkweed (N)

BORAGINACEAE - Borage Family
Borago officinalis - Borage (I)

Cynoglossum officinale - Hound's Tongue (I)

Echium vulgare - Blue Weed, Blue Thistle, Vipers Bugloss (I)

Lycopsis arvensis - Small Bugloss (I)

Myosotis spp. - Forget-me-not

Symphytum officinale - Common Comfrey (I)

VERBENACEAE - Vervain Family
Lippia lanceolata - Green Frog-Fruit

Junonia coenia - Common Buckeye (April-Nov.) Common
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LAMIACEAE - Mint Family
Collinsonia canadensis - Horse Balm, Richweed (I)

Lamium amplexicaule - Henbit (I)

Marrubium vulgare - Horehound

Mentha spp. - Mint

Origanum vulgare - wild marjoram

Salvia spp. - Sage

SOLANACEAE - Nightshade Family
Petunia spp. - Petunia

Solanum tuberosum - Potato

SCROPHULARIACEAE - Figwort Family
Agalinis fasciculata - Fascicled Agalinis

Agalinis purpurea - Large Purple Agalinis

Agalinis tenuifolia - Slender Agalinis

Antirrhinum majus - Snapdragon
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Aureolaria spp. - False Foxglove

Aureolaria flava
Euphydryas phaeton - Baltimore (E. June-Mid July) Rare/Uncommon
Aureolaria pedicularia - Fern-leaved False Foxglove

Chelone glabra - Turtlehead (N)

Cymbalaria muralis - Kenilworth Ivy

Digitalis spp. - Foxglove

Kickxia elatine - Canker-root

Linaria vulgaris - Butter-and-eggs (I)

Linaria canadensis - Blue Toadflax (N)

Mimulus spp. - Monkey-Flower

Mimulus ringens - Square-Stemmed Monkeyflower (N)

Pedicularis canadensis - Common Lousewort, Wood Betony (N)

Penstemon hirsutus - Hairy Beard-tongue (N)
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Scrophularia marilandica - Carpenter's Square, Maryland Figwort (N)

Verbascum thapsus - Common or Great Mullein (I)

Veronica spp. - Speedwell

Veronica americana - American Brooklime (N)

Veronica anagallis-aquatica - Water Speedwell (N)

PLANTAGINACEAE - Plantain Family
Plantago spp. - Plantain

Plantago lanceolata - English Plantain, Buckhorn, Ripple, Ribgrass (I)

Plantago major - Common, or Broadleaved Plantain (I)

Plantago rugelii - Broad-Leaved Plantain (I)

Plantago virginica - Hoary, or Dwarf Plantain

VALERIANACEAE - Valerian Family
Valerianella radiata - Beaked Corn-salad

COMPOSITAE - Composite Family
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Achillea millefollium - Yarrow (I)

Anaphalis margaritacea - Pearly Everlasting

Antennaria plantaginifolia - Plantain-leaved Everlasting (N)

Arctium spp. - Burdock

Arctium minus - Common Burdock (I)

Artemesia ludoviciana - Western Mugwort, White Sage

Artemesia stellariana - Dusty Miller, Old Woman (I)

Artemesia vulgaris - Common Mugwort, Wormwood

Aster dumosus - Bushy Aster (N)

Phyciodes tharos - Pearl Crescent (E. April-Nov.) Abundant
Aster ericoides - Dense-flowered Aster, Heath Aster, (N)

Aster laevis - Smooth Aster (N)

Aster lateriflorus - Starved Aster, Calico Aster (N)

Aster novae-angliae - New England Aster (N)

Aster pilosus - White Heath Aster (N)

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Aster praealtus - Willow-leaved Aster (N)

Aster puniceus - Purple-stemmed Aster (N)

Chlosyne nycteis - Silvery Checkerspot (Mid. May-Aug.) Uncommon
Aster simplex - Tall White Aster (N)

Aster umbellatus - Flat-top White Aster (N)

Carduus spp. - Plumeless Thistle

Carduus acanthoides - Curled Thistle (I)

Carduus nutans - Nodding Thistle, Musk-thistle (I)

Centaurea nigra - Knapweed, Spanish Buttons (I)

Chrysanthemum spp.- Chrysanthemum, Daisy

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum - Ox-eye Daisy (I)

Cirsium spp. - Common Thistle

Cirsium altissimum - Tall Thistle (N)

Cirsium arvense - Canada Thistle (I)

Cirsium discolor - Field Thistle (N)
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Cirsium muticum - Swamp Thistle (N)

Cirsium vulgare - Bull Thistle, Common Thistle (I)

Cnicus benedictus
Gnaphalium obtusifolium - Cudweed, Catfoot (N)

Gnaphalium purpureum - Purple Cudweed (N)

Helenium autumnale - Yellow Sneezeweed (N)

Nathalis iole - Dainty Sulfur
Helianthus spp. - Sunflower

Helianthus annuus - Common Sunflower (I)

Helianthus decapetalus - Thin-leaved Sunflower (N)

Helianthus divaricatus - Woodland Sunflower (N)

Helianthus strumosus - Pale-leaved Sunflower (N)

Helianthus tuberosus - Jerusalem Artichoke (N)

Rudbeckia laciniata - Wild Golden Glow, Tall Coneflower (N)
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Sericocarpus linifolius - Flax-leaved Aster (N)

Solidago spp. - Goldenrod

Tagetes spp. - Cultivated Marigold

Nathalis iole - Dainty Sulfur
Verbesina alternifolia - Yellow Ironweed

Vernonia spp. - Ironweed

WOODY PLANTS:
PINACEAE - Pine Family
Chamaecyparis thyoides - Atlantic, or Southern White Cedar

Callophrys hesseli - Hessel's Hairstreak (L. April - July) Rare. Probably not found in our area.
Juniperus communis - Common Juniper

Callophrys gryneus - Olive Hairstreak (L. April - July) Locally Common
Juniperus virginiana - Virginia Red Cedar

Callophrys niphon - Eastern Pine Elfin (Mid. April-Mid. June) Uncommon
Larix laricina - American Larch

Picea glauca - White Spruce
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Pinus echinata - Short-leaf or Yellow Pine

Pinus resinosa - Red Pine

Pinus rigida - Pitch Pine

Pinus strobus - White Pine

Pinus sylvestris - Scotch Pine

Pinus taeda - Loblolly or Oldfield Pine

Pinus virginiana - Scrub Pine, Virginia or Jersey Pine

Thuja occidentalis - Northern White Cedar

SALICACEAE - Willow Family
Salix spp. - Willow

Limenitis arthemis astyanax - Red-spotted Purple (Mid May-E. Oct.) Common (Requires confirmation)
Nymphalis vau-album - Compton Tortoise Shell (Stray)
Erynnis icelus - Dreamy Duskywing (L. April-E. June) Common
Salix babylonica - Weeping Willow

Papilio glaucus - Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (April-Sept.) Common
Salix bebbiana - Long Beaked Willow, Bebb's Willow
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Salix caroliniana - Ward's Willow, Carolina Willow

Limenitis archippus - Viceroy (Mid. May-E. Oct.) Common
Salix discolor - Glaucus Willow, Pussy Willow

Salix interior - Rowlee, Sandbar Willow, Longleaf Willow

Salix nigra - Black Willow

Salix sericea - Silky Willow

Populus alba - White Poplar, Silverleaf Poplar (I)

Limenitis arthemis astyanax - Red-spotted Purple (Mid May-E. Oct.) Common
Populus deltoides - Eastern Cottonwood

Populus gileadensis - Rouleau, Balm of Gilead

Populus grandidentata - Large-Toothed Aspen

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Populus heterophyla - Swamp Cottonwood, Downy Poplar

Populus nigra - Black Poplar, Lombardy Poplar

Populus tremuloides - Quaking Aspen, Trembling Aspen

Satyrium liparops - Striped Hairstreak (L. June-Mid. July) Rare
MYRICACEAE - Wax-myrtle Family
Myrica cerifera - Wax-myrtle, Candleberry

Calycopis cecrops - Red-banded Hairstreak (May-Mid. Sept.) Locally Common
Comptonia peregrina - Sweet Fern

JUGLANDACEAE - Walnut Family
Juglans cinerea - Butternut, White Walnut

Satyrium calanus - Banded Hairstreak (Mid. June-Mid. July) Common
Juglans nigra - Black Walnut

Carya spp. - Hickory
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Carya illinoinsis - Pecan

Carya ovata - Shagbark Hickory

Carya glabra - Pignut

BETULACEAE - Birch Family
Corylus spp. - Hazelnut, Filbert

Ostyra virginiana - Ironwood

Carpinus caroliniana - American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Muscle Tree

Betula lenta - Sweet or Black Birch

Betula lutea - Yellow Birch

Betula alba - European White Birch (I)

Betula populifolia - Gray Birch
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Alnus spp. - Alder

Alnus rugosa - Speckled Alder

FAGACEAE - Beech Family
Fagus grandifolia - American Beech

Castaneae dentata - American Chestnut

Erynnis brizo - Sleepy Duskywing (E. April-E. May) Rare/Uncommon
Quercus spp. - Oak

Quercus alba - White Oak

Satyrium edwardsii - Edwards' Hairstreak (L. June-Mid. July) Locally Common
Erynnis juvenalis - Juvenals' Duskywing (E. April-E. June) Common
Parrhasius m-album - White M Hairstreak (L. April-Sept.) Uncommon
Satyrium favonius - Southern Hairstreak (Mid. June-Mid. July) Rare
Satyrium ontario - Northern Hairstreak (May-July) Local/Rare
Quercus stellata - Post Oak

Erynnis horatius - Horace's Duskywing (Mid. April-Aug.) Common
Quercus macrocarpa - Bur Oak, Mossy-cup Oak

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Quercus prinus - Chestnut Oak, Rock Oak

Quercus rubra - Red Oak

Quercus shumardii - Shumard's Red Oak

Quercus velutina - Black Oak, Yellow-Bark Oak

Quercus palustris - Pin Oak

Quercus coccinea - Scarlet Oak

Quercus falcata - Spanish Oak, Southern Red Oak

Quercus ilicifolia - Scrub Oak or Bear Oak

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Quercus marilandica - Black Jack Oak

Quercus nigra - Water Oak

Quercus phellos - Willow Oak

ULMACEAE - Elm Family
Celtis spp. - Hackberry

Celtis occidentalis - Hackberry, Sugarberry

Asterocampa celtis - Hackberry Emperor (June-E. Sept.) Locally Uncommon/Common
Asterocampa clyton - Tawny Emperor (June-Sept.) Locally Rare
Libythaena carinenta - American Snout (L. June-E. Aug.) Locally Uncommon
Celtis tenuifolia - Dwarf Hackberry

Asterocampa celtis - Hackberry Emperor (June-E. Sept.) Locally Uncommon/Common
Asterocampa clyton - Tawny Emperor (June-Sept.) Locally Rare
Libythaena carinenta - American Snout (L. June-E. Aug.) Locally Uncommon
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Ulmus spp. - Elm

Ulmus americana - American, or White, Elm

Polygonia comma - Comma Anglewing
Ulmus parvifolia - Chinese Elm

Polygonia interrogationis- Question Mark (E. Spring - L. Aug.) Common
Ulmus pumila - Dwarf Chinese Elm, Siberian Elm (I)

Ulmus rubra - Slippery, or Red, Elm

MORACEAE - Mulberry Family
Morus rubra - Red Mulberry

LORANTHACEAE - Mistletoe Family
Phoradendon flavescens - American Mistletoe

Atlides halesus - Great Purple Hairstreak - Locally Rare
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE - Birthwort Family
Aristolochia durior - Pipe-vine, Dutchman's Pipe (N)

MAGNOLIACEAE - Magnolia Family
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Liriodendron tulipifera - Tulip Tree or Yellow Poplar (N)

Papilio troilus - Spicebush Swallowtail (L. April-E. Oct.) Common
Magnolia acuminata - Cucumber Tree

Magnolia virginiana - Swamp Magnolia; Sweet Bay, Swamp Bay (N)

Papilio palamedes - Palamedes Swallowtail - Stray
ANNONACEAE - Custard-apple Family
Asimina triloba - Pawpaw

Eurytides marcellus - Zebra Swallowtail (L. March-Oct.) Locally Common
LAURACEAE - Laurel Family
Lindera benzoin - Spicebush (N)

Persea borbonia - Red Bay

Sassafras albidum - White Sassafras

SAXIFRAGACEAE - Saxifrage Family
Ribes spp. - Gooseberry

HAMAMELIDACEAE - Witch-Hazel Family
Hamamelis virginiana - Witch-Hazel (N)

ROSACEAE - Rose Family
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Amelanchier spp. - Shadbush, Serviceberry

Amelanchier canadensis - Canadian Serviceberry (N)

Crataegus spp. - Hawthorn, Red Haw

Cydonia oblonga - Quince

Malus pumila - Apple

Callophrys augustus - Brown Elfin (E. April-E. May) Locally Uncommon
Prunus spp. - Plum, Cherry, Peach

Prunus americana - American Wild Plum (N)

Callophrys henrici - Henry's Elfin (April-E. May) Locally Uncommon
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Satyrium titus - Coral Hairstreak (Mid. June-Mid. July) Rare/Common
Prunus angustifolia - Chickasaw Plum

Prunus cerasus - Sour Cherry, Pie Cherry

Prunus domestica - Plum

Prunus persica - Peach

Prunus pensylvanica - Fire or Pin Cherry (N)

Prunus serotina - Black, or Wild Cherry (N)

Prunus susquehanae - Appalachian Cherry (N)

Prunus virginiana - Choke Cherry (N)
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Pyrus americana - American Mountain Ash (N)

Pyrus communis - Common Pear

Pyrus melanocarpa - Black Chokeberry (N)

Rubus spp. - Blackberry, Raspberry, Dewberry

Rubus cuneifolius - Sand Blackberry

Rubus idaeus var. strigosus - Red Raspberry (N)

Spirea alba - Narrow-leaved Meadow-sweet (N)

Spirea latifolia - American Meadow-sweet (N)

LEGUMINOSAE - Legume Family
Amorpha spp. - Lead Plant
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Amorpha fruiticosa - Indigo Bush, False Indigo (N)

Epargyreus clarus - Silver-spotted Skipper (L. April-Oct.) Common
Cercis canadensis - Redbud, Judas-tree (N)

Cytisus scoparius - Scotch Broom (I)

Gleditsia triacanthos - Honeylocust

Robinia pseudo-acacia - Black, or Yellow Locust

Erynnis zarucco - Zarucco Duskywing (April-Sept.) Rare/Uncommon
Robinia hispida - Rose-Acacia, Bristly Locust (N)

Tephrosia spp. - Hoary pea

Wisteria frutescens - Wisteria

Erynnis zarucco - Zarucco Duskywing (April-Sept.) Rare/Uncommon
Wisteria sinensis - Chinese Wisteria (I)

RUTACEAE - Rue Family
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Ptelea trifoliata - Hop-Tree, Wafer Ash (N)

Papilio cresphontes - Giant Swallowtail (E. May-L. Sept.) Uncommon
ANACARDIACEAE - Cashew Family
Rhus aromatica - Fragrant Sumac (N)

Rhus copallina - Dwarf or Shining Sumac (N)

Rhus typhina - Staghorn Sumac (N)

AQUIFOLIACEAE - Holly Family
Ilex spp. - Holly

Ilex opaca - American Holly

ACERACEAE - Maple Family
Acer spp. - Maple

Acer negundo - Box Elder, Ash-Leaved Maple

Acer spicatum - Mountain Maple

RHAMNACEAE - Buckthorn Family
Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey Tea

Erynnis martialis - Mottled Duskywing - Historic (No records since 1970's)
Rhamnus spp. - Buckthorn
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TILIACEAE - Linden Family
Tilia americana - Basswood

MALVACEAE - Mallow Family
Abutilon theophrasti - Velvet leaf, Indian Mallow, Butter-print (I)

Hibiscus syriacus - Rose-of-sharon

Hibiscus trionum - Flower-of-an-hour (I)

Sida spinosa - Prickly Mallow, Prickly Sida (I)

CORNACEAE - Dogwood Family
Cornus alternifolia - Pagoda Dogwood, Green Osier (N)

Cornus florida - Flowering Dogwood (N)

Cornus recemosa - Paniculate Dogwood, Gray-Stemmed Dogwood (N)

Cornus stolonifera - Red Osier Dogwood (N)

ERICACEAE - Heath Family
Gaylussacia spp. - Huckleberry

Gaylussacia baccata - Black Huckleberry (N)
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Leucothoe racemosa - Swamp Leucothoe, Fetterbush (N)

Rhododendron calendulaceum - Flame Azalea, Yellow Azalea (N)

Vaccinium angustifolium - Low Sweet, or Late Sweet Blueberry (N)

Vaccinium corymbosum - Highbush Blueberry (N)

Vaccinium pallidum - Mountain Blueberry, Upland Blueberry

Vaccinium stamineum - Deerberry

Vaccinium vacillans - Low Blueberry, Early Sweet Blueberry (N)

OLEACEAE - Olive Family
Fraxinus spp. - Ash

Fraxinus americana - White Ash

Fraxinus nigra - Black Ash

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Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Red Ash

Ligustrum spp. - Privet

Syringa vulgaris - Lilac

BIGNONIACEAE - Bignonia Family
Catalpa bignonioides - Southern Catalpa, Indian Bean

CAPRIFOLIACEAE - Honeysuckle Family
Lonicera canadensis - Fly-Honeysuckle (N)

Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle (I)

Lonicera sempervirens - Trumpet Honeysuckle (N)

Lonicera xylosteum - European Fly-Honeysuckle (I)

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus - Coralberry, Indian Currant, (N)

Viburnum acerifolium - Maple-leaved Arrow-wood, Dockmackie (N)

Viburnum cassinoides - Witherod, Wild Raisin (N)

Viburnum dentatum - Southern Arrow-wood

Viburnum lentago - Sweet Viburnum, Nannyberry, Sheepberry (N)
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Viburnum recognitum - Smooth Arrow-wood

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture

(1971) COMMON WEEDS OF THE UNITED STATES, Dover Publications, Inc., New
York.
Brown, Melvin L. and Russell G. Brown (1984), THE HERBACEOUS PLANTS OF

MARYLAND, Port City Press, Inc., Baltimore, Md.
Brown, Melvin L. and Russell G. Brown (1972), THE WOODY PLANTS OF

MARYLAND, Port City Press, Baltimore, Md.
Cromartie, William J. and Dale F. Sweitzer (1993), "Biology of the Rare Skipper,
Probleme bulenta (Hesperiidae), in Southern New Jersey", Journal of the
Lepidopterist's Society, Vol.47, No.2, 16 June 1993.
Glassberg, Jeffrey (1993), BUTTERFLIES THROUGH BINOCULARS: A FIELD

GUIDE
TO BUTTERFLIES IN THE BOSTON-NEW YORK-WASHINGTON REGION, Oxford
University Press
Harvill, A.M., Jr., et al (1992), ATLAS OF THE VIRGINIA FLORA III, Virginia
Botanical Associates, Route 1, Box 63, Burkeville, Virginia, 23922.
Newcomb, Lawrence (1977) NEWCOMB'S WILDFLOWER GUIDE, Little, Brown and

Company, Boston, Toronto, London.
Opler, Paul A. and George O. Krizek (1984) BUTTERFLIES EAST OF THE GREAT
PLAINS, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.
Scott, James A.(1986), THE BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA: A NATURAL

HISTORY AND FIELD GUIDE, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
© Mark Etheridge 1994-1999
51 of 51 3/27/08 12:32 PM

Larval Hostplant List For Butterflies of The Washington, DC Area

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Larval Hostplant List for

POACEAE - Grass Family

Agropyron repens - Quackgrass, Witchgrass (I)

Polites mystic - Long Dash (Rare) Carroll Co., MD

Agrostis spp. - Bentgrass

Hylephila phyleus - Fiery Skipper (Common - Aug.-Oct.)

Hesperia leonardus - Leonard's Skipper (Sept.) Local/Uncommon

Amblyscirtes vialis - Common Roadside Skipper (May, L. July-E. Aug.)Uncommon

Agrostis stolonifera - Redtop

Thymelicus lineola - European Skipper (L. May-June) Common

Andropogon spp. - Beardgrass

Cercyonis pegala - Wood Nymph (Late June - Early Sept.) Common

Andropogon gerardi - Bluejoint Turkeyfoot

Hesperia metea - Cobweb Skipper (May) Uncommon

Atrytonopsis hianna - Dusted Skipper (L. May-June) Uncommon

Atrytone logan - Delaware Skipper (July) Uncommon

Andropogon scoparius - Little Bluestem, Prairie Beardgrass

Hesperia sassacus - Indian Skipper (Rare)

Hesperia metea - Cobweb Skipper (May) Uncommon

Hesperia leonardus - Leonard's Skipper (Sept.) Local/Uncommon

Nastra lherminier - Swarthy Skipper (May-Sept.) Common

Polites origenes - Crossline Skipper (L. May-Sept.) Common

Atrytonopsis hyanna- Dusted Skipper (L. May-June) Uncommon

Andropogon virginicus - Broom-sedge

Hesperia metea - Cobweb Skipper (May) Uncommon

Avena fatua - Wild Oats

Amblyscirtes vialis - Common Roadside Skipper (May, L. July-E. Aug.) Uncommon

Cynodon dactylon - Bermuda Grass, Wire Grass (I)

Hermeuptychia hermes - Carolina Satyr (July, Sept.-E. Oct.) Local/Rare

Lerodea eufala - Eufala Skipper (Stray)

Atalopedes campestris - Sachem (May-Oct.) Uncommon-Abundant

Polites vibex - Whirlabout (L. Aug. - Mid. Nov.) Stray

Amblyscirtes vialis - Common Roadside Skipper (May, L. July-E. Aug.) Uncommon

Dactylis glomerata - Orchard Grass (I)

Danthonia spicata - Poverty Grass

Hesperia sassacus - Indian Skipper (Rare)

Dicanthelium clandestinum - Deer-Tongue Grass

Polites themistocles - Tawny-Edged Skipper (L. May-Oct.) Uncommon

Digitaria filiformis - Finger Grass

Digitaria sanguinalis - Crabgrass

Wallengrenia otho - Southern Broken Dash (Rare) Charles Co., MD

Atalopedes campestris - Sachem (May-Oct.) Uncommon-Abundant

Distichlis spicata - Seashore Saltgrass

Panoquina panoquin - Salt Marsh Skipper

Echinochloa crus-galli - Barnyard Grass

Lerodea eufala - Eufala Skipper (Stray)

Eleusine indica - Yard-Grass, Wire-Grass

Eragrostis spp. - Love Grass

Erianthus spp. - Plume Grass, Woolly Beardgrass

Erianthus alopecuroides - Silver Plumegrass

Festuca rubra - Red Fescue

Hesperia sassacus - Indian Skipper (Rare)

Hystrix patula - Bottle-brush Grass

Leersia oryzoides - Rice Cut-Grass

Ancyloxypha numitor- Least Skipper (E. May - Mid. Oct.) Abund.

Leersia virginica - White Grass

Panicum spp. - Panic Grasses

Ancyloxypha numitor- Least Skipper (E. May - Mid. Oct.) Abund.

Hesperia sassacus - Indian Skipper (Rare)

Poanes hobomok - Hobomok Skipper (L. May-Mid. June) Local/Uncommon

Panicum capillare - Old Witch Grass

Panicum virgatum - Switch Grass