A 43 year old man has been admitted to hospital having suffered a myocardial infarction. On questioning, it was revealed that his brother had died in a road traffic accident at the age of 19 and his father had died from coronary heart disease aged 54 years. Examination of Mr A revealed a corneal arcus and tendon xanthomas. Blood drawn within 2 h at the on set of the infarction revealed total cholesterol 7. Mmol / L, HDL
A 43 year old man has been admitted to hospital having suffered a myocardial infarction. On questioning, it was revealed that his brother had died in a road traffic accident at the age of 19 and his father had died from coronary heart disease aged 54 years. Examination of Mr A revealed a corneal arcus and tendon xanthomas. Blood drawn within 2 h at the on set of the infarction revealed total cholesterol 7. Mmol / L, HDL
A 43 year old man has been admitted to hospital having suffered a myocardial infarction. On questioning, it was revealed that his brother had died in a road traffic accident at the age of 19 and his father had died from coronary heart disease aged 54 years. Examination of Mr A revealed a corneal arcus and tendon xanthomas. Blood drawn within 2 h at the on set of the infarction revealed total cholesterol 7. Mmol / L, HDL
Susanti 260110110021 Riska Rismawati 260110110022 Mira Laila N.A 260110110023 Nuraini Insiyah 260110110024 Megawati 260110110025 Becus Srimuang 260110110026 Raisa Muthiarani 260110110027 Rena Fitriani 260110110028 Mr A is a 43 year old man who has been relatively fit n well for the past 20 years during which he has rarely visited his primary care doctor. Two weeks ago he was admitted to hospital having suffered a myocardial infarction. On questioning, it was revealed that his brother had died in a road traffic accident at the age of 19 and his father had died from coronary heart disease aged 54 years. Examination of Mr A revealed a corneal arcus and tendon xanthomas. Blood drawn within 2 h at the on set of the myocardial infarction revealed total cholesterol 7.8 mmol/L, HDL-C 0.9 mmol/L and triglycerides 2.3 mmol/L.
Questions: 1. Calculate the concentration of Mr A's LDL and comment on the findings 2. What is the likely diagnosis and treatment for Mr A on discharge? 3. Mr A wants to know why he was not identified as being at high risk of coronary heart disease before he suffered his myocardial infarction. PERHITUNGAN KONSENTRASI LDL Friedewald Formula LDL=Total kolesterol-(HDL+(Trigliserida/2,17)) LDL=7,8-(0,9+(2,3/2,17)) LDL=7,8-(0,9+1,06) LDL=7,8-1,96 LDL= 5,84 mmol/L (Tinggi)
DIAGNOSIS DAN TERAPI Diagnosis Secara Teori Hiperlipidemia umumnya tidak memiliki gejala. Kolesterol total A desirable level is less than 200 mg/dL (5.17 mmol/L) between 200 mg/dL and 239 mg/dL (5.176.18 mmol/L) are considered borderline for high cholesterol. Levels at or above 240 mg/dL (6.21 mmol/L ) are considered high total cholesterol levels. LDL: less than 100 mg/dL ( 2.6 mmol/L) are considered optimal between 100 129 mg/dL (2.63.34 mmol/L) are considered near or above optimal. between 130 159 mg/dL (3.364.13 mmol/L) are considered borderline high. between 160 189 mg/dL (4.14 - 4.90 mmol/L) are considered high. levels at or above 190 mg/dL (4.91 mmol/L) is considered very high Triglyceride : levels should be below 150 mg/dL (1.69 mmol/L). between 150 mg/dL (1.69 mmol/L ) and 199 mg/dL (2.25 mmol/L) are considered borderline high. between 200-499 mg/dL (2.26-5.63 mmol/L) are considered high. above 500 mg/dL (5.64 mmol/L) or considered extremely high HDL: level above more than 60 mg/dL (1.56 mmol/L) is considered high. between 40- 60 mg/dL (1.041.56 mmol/L) is acceptable HDL range below 40 mg/dL (1.04 mmol/L) is undesirable level
Hasil Analisis Kasus Pemeriksaan laboratorium Anamnese : - Usia : 43 tahun - Jenis Kelamin: Laki-laki - Riwayat hidup: faktor resiko terkena jantung koroner Pemeriksaan fisik: - total cholesterol 7.8 mmol/L, - HDL-C 0.9 mmol/L - triglycerides 2.3 mmol/L. Mr. A teridentifikasi menderita hiperlipidemia Pemeriksaan fisik harus menggambarkan: Ada atau tidaknya faktor resiko jantung Sejarah penyakit jantung atau gangguan lipid Ada atau tidaknya faktor sekunder hiperlipidemia termasuk pengobatan secara bersamaan Ada atau tidaknya xantoma, nyeri abdominal, atau sejarah pancreatitis, penyakit ginjal atau hati, penyakit pembuluh darah perifer, aneorisme aortic abdominal, atau penyakit pembuluh darah otak (bruits carotid, stroke, serangan iskemik transient)
Diagnosis Hiperlipidemia Suatu kondisi kadar lipid darah yang melebihi kadar normalnya. Disebut juga peningkatan lemak dalam darah dan karena sering disertai peningkatan beberapa fraksi lipoprotein, disebut juga hiperlipoproteinemia. Hiperlipidemik dapat berupa hiperkolesterolemia dan hipertrigliseridemia (Kumalasari, 2005). Penyebab Hiperlipoprotein Umum Hiperlipoprotein Keturunan (genetik) terlalu banyak mengkonsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung lemak merokok minuman beralkohol jarang berolahraga obesitas Diaberes yang tidak tertangani dengan baik Gagal ginjal hipofungsi kelenjar tiroid Jenis Hiperlipoproteinaemia Primer Hiperlipoproteinaemia Sekunder Hiperlipoproteinaemia Tipe I Hiperlipoproteinaemia Tipe II Hiperlipoproteinaemia Tipe III Hiperlipoproteinaemia Tipe IV Hiperlipoproteinaemia Tipe V Tipe manakah penyakit Mr. A Hiperlipoproteinemia tipe II Disebut juga hiperkolesterolemia familial, merupakan suatu penyakit keturunan dimana kadar kolesterol LDLnya tinggi. Klasifikasi: Hyperlipoproteinemia tipe II a Hyperlipoproteinemia tipe II b.
Endapan lemak membentuk pertumbuhan xantoma di dalam tendon dan kulit. 1 diantara 6 pria penderita penyakit ini mengalami serangan jantung pada usia 40 tahun dan 2 diantara 3 pria penderita penyakit ini mengalami serangan jantung pada usia 60 tahun.
Arkus senilis (gerontokson), biasa pada usia diatas 50 tahun, bila dibawah 50 tahun ada hubungannya dengan Hypercholesterolemia menye-babkan terjadi degenerasi lemak di kornea perifer.
Tendineus Xantoma muncul sebagai lesi yang berbentuk papul atau nodul berdiameter 5 25 mm yang ditemukan di tendon, khususnya di tendon ekstensor di bagian punggung tangan, bagian dorsal kaki, dan di tendon Achilles Terapi Terapi non farmakologi :
Mengurangi jumlah lemak dan kolesterol dalam tubuhnya Menurunkan berat badan jika mereka mengalami kelebihan BB Menambah porsi olahraga Berhenti merokok Mengkonsumsi obat penurun kadar lemak (jika diperlukan) Terapi Farmakologi KEGAGALAN IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT SEJAK DINI 3 Mr. A sehat Jarang check up kesehatan dalam waktu lama Tidak ada gejala CHD selama 20th Mempunyai riwayat penyakit jantung (ayah) Daftar Pustaka Ahmadi, Seyed-Ali et al. The Impact of Low Serum Triglyceride on LDL-Cholesterol Estimation. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2008; 11: 318-321. Katzung, Bertram G et al. 2009. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 11th edition. New York: McGraw- Hill. Kumalasari, N.D. 2005. Pengaruh Berbagai Dosis Filtrat Daun Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus). Skripsi Tidak Diterbitkan. Malang: Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Jurusan MIPA FKIP U MM.