PRINT MEDIA & PHOTOJOURNALISM
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PRINT MEDIA
OBJECTIVES
•
To understand the significance of print media
•
To discuss the news values and the basics of news writing
•
To know the news media operations
•
To understand the techniques and functioning of News Agencies
•
To know the important elements of a news story
INTRODUCTION
Journalism as a craft, a profession and even as a trade or business is over twocenturies old. It was made possible by the coming together of a number of technologies as well as several social, political and economic developments. Themain technologies that facilitated the development of large-scale printing anddistribution of print material were the printing press.
JOURNALISM
Concept & Requirement of Journalism
Journalism is a form of communication based on asking, and answering, thequestions
Who? What? How? Where? When? Why?Journalism
is anything that contributes in some way in gathering, selection, processing of news and current affairs for the press, radio, television, film, cable,internet, etc.
Journalism
is a discipline of collecting, analyzing, verifying, and presenting newsregarding current events, trends, issues and people. Those who practice journalismare known as
‘journalists’.
Journalism is defined by Denis Mc Quail as ‘
paid writing for public media withreference to actual and ongoing events of public relevance’
.Journalism can also be defined as:1.The collection and editing of news for presentation through the media2.The public press
2
3.
An academic study concerned with the collection and editing of news
or
the management of a news medium
4.
Writing characterized by a direct presentation of facts or description of
events without an attempt at interpretation
5.
Writing designed to appeal to current popular taste or public interestThe words ‘
journalist
’, ‘
journal
’ and ‘
journalism
’ are derived from the French‘
journa
l’ which in its turn comes from the Latin term ‘
diurnal is
’ or ‘daily’. TheActa Diurna, a handwritten bulletin put up daily in the Forum, the main publicsquare in ancient Rome, was perhaps the world’s first newspaper. Later, pamphlets, gazettes, news books, news sheets, letters came to be termed as ‘news paper’. Those who wrote for them were first called news writers and later journalists.Thus, Journalism can be one of the most exciting jobs around. One goes into work not necessarily knowing what you are going to be doing that day. Journalists get tomeet powerful people, interesting people, inspiring people, heroes, villains andcelebrities. The chance to know something and to tell the world about it is exciting.One also gets chance to indulge a passion for writing and the opportunity to seek the truth and campaign for justice. And then there’s the excitement of seeing your byline in print, watching your report on television, or hearing your words of wisdom on the radio.As a craft Journalism involves specialization in one area (editorial, design, printing) for the reporters and the sub-editors for instance, it entails writing to adeadline, following routines in a conveyor-belt like workplace, while respectingthe divisions of labour in the newsroom and the printing press. In earlier times,knowledge of typewriting and shorthand were the main skills demanded. Buttoday, computing and DTP skills are in demand for all areas of Journalism.As a profession, it is markedly different from other established professions likemedicine, law, management or teaching. While the established professions requiresome specialized educational qualifications and training to be recruited to them,Journalism does not make any such requirement essential. There is no bar toanyone entering the profession, no matter what one’s educational background or professional experience is. From the very beginning, Journalism has been, and still,remain an ‘
open
’ profession.Also, journalism has no distinct body of knowledge that defines the profession andmarks its relationship with its clients (readers, advertisers, advertising agencies,
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