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REPORTING & EDITINGTECHNIQUES
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PRINCIPLES OF REPORTING
OBJECTIVES
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To understand the significance of reporting
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To discuss the news values and the basics of news writing
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To know the different types of leads
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To understand the techniques of re-writing
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To know the meaning of news agency copy
INTRODUCTION
The main components of news reporting are the body and the lead. A news story ismostly written in inverted pyramid style in which the most important facts comefirst followed by other facts in order of significance. This inverted pyramid stylehas held significance over the years as it helps the readers who don’t have enoughtime to read the whole story. It also helps the sub-editors who can easily delete asmuch of the story from the tail without affecting the readability.
NEWS REPORTING
Journalism has as its main activity the reporting of events
 — stating who, what,when, where, why and how, and explaining the significance and effect of events or trends.
Journalism exists in a number of media: newspapers, television,radio, magazines and, most recently, the World Wide Web through the Internet.
News reporting
is a type of journalism, typically written or broadcast in newsstyle. Most news is investigated and presented by journalists or news Reporters,and can be distributed to various outlets via news agencies. News is often reported by a variety of sources, such as newspapers, television, and radio programs, wireservices, and web sites.
Reporter
is a type of journalist who researches and presents information in certaintypes of mass media.Reporters gather their information in a variety of ways, including tips, pressreleases, and witnessing events. They perform research through interviews, publicrecords, and other sources.
The information-gathering part of the job issometimes called "reporting"
as distinct from the production part of the job, such
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as writing articles. Reporters generally split their time between working in anewsroom and going out to witness events or interview people.Most reporters working for major news media outlets are assigned an area to focuson, called a beat or patch. They are encouraged to cultivate sources to improvetheir information gathering. News reports are classified into two broad types:1.Straight news reports2.Investigative or interpretative reportsStraight news reports present what has happened in a straightforward, factual andclear manner. They draw no conclusions, nor offer any opinions. There is noattempt to probe deeper than the surface happenings, or they provide elaborate background information, or even to examine claims made. The main sources are:Government officials, elite groups, news agencies, eminent people, businessmenand others.Both these types of news stories merely present the claims, without in any waytrying to question or rebut, or ask why. Investigative reports, on the other hand,would make an effort to go behind the claims and see how valid they are. Theyreport happenings in depth, present fairly all sides of the picture in the context of the situation, and generally, put some meaning into the news so that the reader is better able to understand and analyze the event.Disaster stories e.g. famines and floods get pride of place in the daily press, andthese provide many ‘human interest’ stories.Developments in science, industry and agriculture are increasingly coming to beconsidered as interesting news, as also the exposure of corruption in high places,the exploitation of the lower classes and workers, and social injustice andinequalities resulting from the social, economic and political structures. Of course,all the news reported is not news of the highest interest to everybody. Politicsinterest some, sports others, crime still others. However, it is rare that newspaperstouch in the information needs and interests of the poorer sections of the society.
‘Dog bites man isn’t news. Man bites dog is’
. So goes an adage probably as oldas journalism itself. Like many such sayings, it conceals as much as it reveals.People watch television or read the newspaper because they want to know aboutthe happening and events around them. They want to gather all the news fromaround the world.
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