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Public Affairs Part I
Role and Structure of LocalGovernment in the UK
 
Origins of Local Government – Key Developments
•
Great Reform Act 1832 –
Gave right to vote in
Parliamentary 
 
elections
to all “ten-pound households” (i.e. those with property worth £10-plus)•
Municipal Corporations Act 1835 –
Abolished pre-existing government structure
intowns only,
extending right to vote in
municipal elections
to
all
local ratepayers•
Public Health Acts 1872 and 1875
 – Set up
urban sanitary 
and
rural sanitary districts.
These were basic forms of local authority units protected against choleraand typhoid epidemics. Overseen in towns by emerging
borough councils
,
local boards
and
improvement commissioners
, and in rural areas by voluntary
 poor law unions
•
Local Government Act 1888
 – Set up more formal system of 
county councils
to takeover roles previously undertaken by
Justices of the Peace
in quarter sessions.Boroughs with populations of 50,000-plus given “county borough” status, whichmeant they could run their own affairs, like existing
municipal boroughs
in towns.•
Local Government Act 1894
 – Renamed the urban and rural sanitary districts
urban
and
rural district councils
 
Structure of Local Government Post-1894
•County councils•County borough councils•Non-county/municipal borough councils•Urban district councils•Rural district councils
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