Glories of Persia Culture - impression of Iran in 29 Days - Part 18

29

: Allan,

2552-4411

: Mehrad Kajooeyan, Arg-e -Jadid Travel Cop.

05/22() 18 75KM( 1 10 ) PERSEPOLIS85KM( 1 10 ) PASARGAD
155KM( 1 40 )

Lacous ( Peacock' house ), Marvdasht

8:0075 km
Takht-e Jamshid (Throne of Jamshid) and ParsehUNESCO (1979 )2,500
PERSEPOLIS ( Dan Cruickshank80 )

Dastan ( : Parviz McShlcotion : Mohammod Reza

Shcijarian )
Majdbd mason marks

tongues-and-sockets anathyrosis
Urartian (), Egyptian ( ),
Babylonian( ), Elamite (, Assyrian ( ), Scythian ( ) Lydian & Ionian (
)
Elamite
Persepolis Elamite Tablets

515 Achaemenid
Achaemenid Empire (ca. 550330 BC) Darius I


80 km 518 BC
Parsa, / ,

Polis Takht-e Jamshid

{ Throne of Djamshid the Great Djamshid }

Persepolis ( , Prsa ) Capital of Persia.
" God protect this country from foe, famine and falsehood." 331BC
( Alexander, the King of Macedonia )

25,000 Ekbatana (
Medes Parthian )

150
1930 Andr Godard, Ernst Herzfeld ( 1931~34 ) ,
Erich F. Schmidt ( 1935~39 ) Andr Godard, Sayyed Moammad-Taqi Moafawi

and Ali Smi

 13 1979
Darius I the Great ( 522-486 BC) 518
King Xerxes the Great ( Khashayar,486-66 BC)
Artaxerxes I (466-24 BC) 200
15 m2515~490 BC
Apadana 490~480 BC Tripylon( 500x 400 x 10~13m , LxWxH)
480~470 BC470~450 BC

360~338 BC 32 ( 13 )

()

14 12 448 297
7 111 10 13
10 20

 Persepolis 15 Kuh-e Mehr (Kohmehr) Mount Mithra ( 13 Kuh-e Ramat

Mount Mercy Nowruz
) Marvdat Plain ( )

 Persepolis

:
Gate of Nations ( Xerxes the Great ),
Tripylon Hall and Tachara Palace of Darius,

Hadish Palace of Xerxes,

4 ). Hall of a Hundred Columns,

7 ). Palace of Artaxerxes III,

2 ).
5).

8 ). Imperial Treasury

Persepolis

9 ). Royal Stables, and Chariot House.

6 ).

3). Apadana Palace of Darius,

1 ). Terrace Platform,

Persepolis

 6~7 m 111 ( Terrace Stairway

4~6 3 x 4.55m)(
)

( 486~66BC ) ( Terrace Stairway)

3 (
) ( Gate of All Lands )
Xerxes
2 ).

The Gate of All Lands (

16.5.8 m 23

) " Guardian Bulls "

( 92 x 9.7m )( Lamassu Shedu

10

11

12

 Old Persian, Babylonian , Elamite (7.2 x2.5 m)

:
A great god is Ahuramazda, who created this earth, who created heaven, who created man, who created happiness for man, who
made Xerxes king, one king of many kings, commander of many commanders. I am Xerxes, the great king, the king of kings,
the king of all countries and many men, the king in this great earth far and wide, the the son of Darius, an Achaemenid. King
Xerxes says: This (is) the country Prsa which Ahura Mazd gave me, which, being beautiful, possessing good horses,
possessing good men, by the grace of Ahura Mazd and of me Darius the king, does not fear any [enemy]. He ends with the
invocation: Let Ahura Mazd protect this country from the Lie, from an evil host, from famine (DPd 5-18). In the second
Darius enumerates twenty-five countries which were subject to him, and in the Elamite text he speaks of the building of
Persepolis: As for the fact that upon this place this fortress was built, formerly here a fortress had not been built. By the grace
of Ahura Mazd I built this fortress. And Ahura Mazd was of such a mind, together with all the divine beings, that this fortress
(should) be built. And (so) I built it. And I built it secure and beautiful and adequate, just as I was intending to. Finally, in the
Babylonian text Darius acknowledges that the work which was done here was done by artisans of different nations subject to
him .

2 ). Gate of Nations ( Xerxes the Great )

18 (),

13

( )

14

15

 16.5 m
()

16

20

3). Apadana (Audience ) Palace of Darius

( Apadana ) 515~ 485 BC 30 Nawrooz

12

(60 x60 m ) 12 ( 12 X 3= 36 ) 60

17

( Audience Hall ) 3m 80 m

18

19

Persepolis Main Hall (a) The battle of the king with a devil in the form of a horned lion (shirdal) (b) The entrapped devil in the form of column
capital. The column capitals.

20

Persepolis Main Hall (a) The battle of the king with a devil in the form of a bird ( Homa griffins, b and c) The entrapped devils in the form of
column capital.

Persepolis , Main Hall (a) The battle of the king with a devil with the head of a cow and his victory (b) The devil entrapped in the form of column
capital.

21

Persepolis Main Hall (a) The battle of the king with a devil with the head of a horned lion and his victory (b) The devil entrapped in the form of
column capital. (A Collection of Traditional Iranian Architecture, Geographic Organization) (c) The column head in the shape of a lion

 1933 facades ( Babylonian and

Elamite ) I ). (

22

23

Nisaean

 32 ( quinces

24

II ). 23

25

26

27

28

Drangians

 Scythian )

29

30

31

( Ahura Mazd ) : Proclaims Xerxes, the Great King:

By the favor of Ahura Mazd, Darius the king, my father, built much that [is] beautiful and ordered [to be built], and similarly, by the will of Ahura
Mazd, I added to that work and built more. May Ahura Mazd along with the divine beings protect me and my kingdom.

( 466BC
Artaxerxes Triphlon Hundred Column Hall

Tripylon ) .
Mede
( )( )
( he chiliarch (*hazrapati hazrbed)
chiliarch

32

12

( )
9~12 m

33

34

Mede

35

36

37

( )

38

39

40

41

42

43

Susians

44

Assyrians

Asian Nilgai ( ) Scythians (Saka tigraxaud)

45

Amyrgaean Scythians (Saka haumavarg)

46

47

48

Indians

49

Armenians

 Bactrian Arians () Babylonians

Bactrian Arachosians Lydians ( )
Assyrians Cappadocians ()
Egyptians ( )
Scythians (Saka tigraxaud) Ionians
Bactrians ( Gandarians )
(Pre-Arsacid) Parthias Asagartians (of the Yazd area)
Amyrgaean Scythians (Saka haumavarg)

Indians Thracians(
) Arabs (of Jordan and Palestine)
Zarangians ( Sistn) 2 Libyans
Ethiopians 2400

50

51

52


1 ) Media, 2) Elam, 3) Parthia, 4) Aria, 5) Bactria, 6) Sogdiana, 7) Chorasmia, 8) Drangiana, 9) Arachosia, 10) Sattagydia, 11)
Gandara, 12) Sind, 13) Amyrgian 14) Scythians, 15) Scythians with pointed caps, 16) Babylonia, 17) Assyria, 18) Arabia, 19) Egypt, 20)
Armenia, 21) Cappadocia, 22) Sardis (Lydian), 23) Ionia, 24) Scythians who are across the sea, 25) Skudra, 26) petasos-wearing Ionians
(Macedonian?), 27) Libyans, 28) Ethiopians, 29) people of Maka (Mykians/Makran?), 30) Carians.
Behistun
1) Persia, 2) Elam, 3) Babylonia, 4) Assyria, 5) Arabia, 6) Egypt - the countries by the Sea, 7) Lydia, 8) the Greeks, (Ionians) 9) Media, 10)
Armenia, 11) Cappadocia, 12) Parthia, 13) Drangiana, 14) Aria, 15) Chorasmia, 16) Bactria, 17) Sogdia, 18) Gandara, 19) Scythia, 20)
Ghi-mi-ri or Cimmeria in Babylonian version), 21) Sattagydia, 22) Arachosia, 23) Maka
III ).

( Leo Taurous

53

Ahura Mazd ( ))

 5.32m
( ) ( 15m ),
61 5~6 ( 17 )
36 12 72 3600

20 m
13
Lydian

54

 1
23
ARACHOSIA
SAGARTIANS

CILICIA
SCYTHIANS

BECTRIAN

()

()

55

56

4).

The Palace of Darius (the Taara The Mirror Hall) & Tripylon Hall ( Central Palace , Council Hall ).

Taara 2.2~3.0 m 40 x30 m

Golden rhyton from Iran's Achaemenid period, excavated at Ecbatana (Tell Hagmatana). Kept at National Museum of Iran.

57

 500 ( Darius I )

58

 12 ( )
( Artaxerex III (356~36 BC))
16 Egyptian covetto cornice

" : Darius the great king, king of kings, king

of countries, son of Hystaspes, the Achaemenid, who built this taara. ( )
1718 Cornelis de Brujin
Taara (

59

60

61

( panm)
"

62

By the grace of Ahura Mazd this hadi Darius the king made who (was) my father. (

63

HystaspesArsames

64

( )

65

Presence of fravashi (fravahar) as the symbol of spiritual evolution (passage through six Amshaspand) and attainment of holiness and eternal
life next to Iris
( Faravahar, ) : ()
( )

66

Taara
Shapur II Shapur Saknh Estar and Sistn Buyid king, Aod
-al-Dawla Kufic Pahlavi
Wilkinson Qar-e Abu Nar

67

( 1888 Farhd Mirz Farmnfarms ) 12

Taara Artaxerxes I Palace H

Tripylon . Apadana 2.60m

68

(15.46 x 15.46 m)4 Harem

28

Hadi. Artaxerxes I

69

70

Apadana

( )( )
Tripylon
Artaxerxes I
28
Jamid
5 ).

The Palace of Xerxes ( Hadi, Hadish Palace) & The harem of Xerxes
Taara 18 m 16194

71

124

 (1978 ) Taara Hadi

" Darius the king Xerxes the king " Hadi

The harem of Xerxes 12

(

72

73

74

pur Ardair

Pbak

Harem 1930 Friedrich Krefter 1973~78 Museum

of Persepolis 2002 Foundation for Parsa-Pasargadae Research
Darius, built much excellent (construction), and, although he had other sons, Ahura Mazd so desired that Darius made
me the greatest after himself. He adds: When I became king, I built much excellent (construction). What had been built by my father, that I
protected, and other works I added.
8.20m 1.20m 70.5

75

()

76

77

78

79

80

81

6 ).

Hall of a Hundred Columns,

68.5 x 68.5 m2
( )
100 14
100

The magnificent palace and its sculptured friezes originally glowed with color. Herzfeld writes that when in 1932 he uncovered the eastern
staircase, he found traces of pigment everywhere at the sculptures which had been buried under the soil. Unfortunately, Herzfeld did not give a

82

detailed record of these polychrome works, which vanished soon after their unearthing. In addition, in some places, especially in the center of
the exposed tower walls near the roof, glazed bricks were used to show a frieze of trees, flowers, lions, and other animals in blue, yellow, and
turquoise colors. A rectangular area in the center was covered with inscriptions of Xerxes in the Old Persian, Babylonian, and Elamite cuneiform
characters.

( 16 )
100

83

84

( 87 )

Artaxerxes the king speaks: this house [is one that] Xerxes the king, my father,
laid its foundations in the protection of Ahura Mazd; I, Artaxerxes the king, built and brought (it) to completion

85

486~ 450 BC


Charter of Freedom: by Cyrus The Great who ruled Persia from 559 B.C.E. to 529 B.C.E:
My numerous troops moved about undisturbed in the midst of Babylon. I did not allow anyone to terrorise the land of Sumer and Akkad.
I kept in view the needs of Babylon and all its sanctuaries to promote their well being. I lifted their unbecoming yoke. Their dilapidated
dwellings I restored. I put an end to their misfortunes.
I am Cyrus, King of the world, great king, mighty king, king of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters,
son of Camboujiyah (Cambyases), great king, king of Anshn, grandson of Kourosh (Cyrus), great king, king of Anshn, descendant of
Chaish-Pesh (Teispes), great king, king of Anshn, progeny of an unending royal line, whose rule Bel and Nabu cherish, whose kingship
they desire for their hearts, pleasure. When I well -disposed, entered Babylon, I set up a seat of domination in the royal palace amidst
jubilation and rejoicing. Marduk the great god, caused the big-hearted inhabitations of Babylon to ... ... ... ... ... me, I sought daily to
worship him.
At my deeds Marduk, the great lord, rejoiced and to me, Kourosh (Cyrus), the king who worshipped him, and to Camboujiyah
(Cambyases), my son, the offspring of (my) loins, and to all my troops he graciously gave his blessing, and in good sprit before him we
glorified exceedingly his high divinity. All the kings who sat in throne rooms, throughout the four quarters, from the Upper to the Lower
Sea, those who dwelt in ... ... ... ... ..., all the kings of the West Country, who dwelt in tents, brought me their heavy tribute and kissed my
feet in Babylon. From ... ... ... ... ... to the cities of Ashur, Susa, Agade and Eshnuna, the cities of Zamban, Meurnu, Der as far as the
region of the land of Gutium, the holy cities beyond the Tigris whose sanctuaries had been in ruins over a long period, the gods whose
abode is in the midst of them, I returned to their places and housed them in lasting abodes.
I gathered together all their inhabitations and restored (to them) their dwellings. The gods of Sumer and Akkad whom Nabounids had,
to the anger of the lord of the gods, brought into Babylon. I, at the bidding of Marduk, the great lord, made to dwell in peace in their
habitations, delightful abodes.
May all the gods whom I have placed within their sanctuaries address a daily prayer in my favour before Bel and Nabu, that my days
may be long, and may they say to Marduk my lord. May Cyrus the King, who reveres thee, and Camboujiyah (Cambyases) my son...
Now that I put the crown of kingdom of Persia, Babylon, and the nations of the four directions on the head with the help of God (Ahura
Mazda), I announce that I will respect the traditions, customs and religions of the nations of my empire and never let any of my
governors and subordinates look down on or insult them until I am alive. From now on, till God grants me the kingdom favor, I will
impose my monarchy on no nation. Each is free to accept it , and if any one of them rejects it , I never resolve on war to reign. Until I am
the king of Persia, Babylon, and the nations of the four directions, I never let anyone oppress any others, and if it occurs , I will take his
or her right back and penalize the oppressor.
And until I am the monarch, I will never let anyone take possession of movable and landed properties of the others by force or without
compensation. Until I am alive, I prevent unpaid, forced labor. To day, I announce that everyone is free to choose a religion. People are
free to live in all regions and take up a job provided that they never violate others rights.
No one could be penalized for his or her relatives faults. I prevent slavery and my governors and subordinates are obliged to prohibit
exchanging men and women as slaves within their own ruling domains. Such a traditions should be exterminated the world over.
I implore to God to make me succeed in fulfilling my obligations to the nations of Persia, Babylon, and the ones of the four directions.

86

Cyrus The Great

87

88

89

90

91


Artaxerxes I 14 28
Artaxerxes I
Artaxerxes I
(
) Taara Harem ( )

92

93

94

( Faravahar, ) :
7 ). Palace of Artaxerxes III,

95

8 ). Imperial Treasury :
The Treasury. On the southeastern corner of the Terrace, Darius built a treasury along a west-east long axis (120 x 60 m), but he later enlarged
it northwards and still later Xerxes extended the building northward and gave it its final shape, a fortress-like structure surrounded by a thick
mud brick wall pierced with a single entrance at the northeastern corner. The columns of its various halls rested on square double plinths or
discoid slabs mounted on square plinths, and had wooden shafts covered with ornate and brilliantly colored gypsum plaster. After clearing the
structure from debris, the excavators destroyed some important architectural and artistic features of the Treasury by shortening its walls to a
standard low level, ostensibly to preserve them.

96

Alexander approached Persepolis in 330 BCE, its treasurer Tiridates hastened to submit the citadel in the hope of saving the city and its
acropolis. But Alexander plundered Prsa and slaughtered its people, then pillaged the citadel. The Treasurys vaults were packed full of silver
and gold. The total was found to be one hundred and twenty thousand talents, when the gold was estimated in terms of silver. Afterwards
Alexander burned the enormous palaces, famed throughout the whole civilized world (Diodorus 17.71). That the fire was deliberate is shown
by the facts that the accessories in precious metal inlaid in sculptured reliefs were first systematically removed, and no attempt was made to put
down the fire by the use of water from the moat. Alexanders true reason for the barbarism must have been the conviction that as long as the
mother-city of the dynasty he was determined to uproot remained intact, the Persians would not accept him and would continue to fight for the
recovery of the Persian city. The excavation of the Treasury has found little, mainly discarded and fragmentary objects. A part of an archive
consisting of 750 small Elamite clay tablets was found left heaped up in a western columned hall among burnt debris. Most are from the time of
Xerxes, but some date from the last years of Darius and some from the first years of Artaxerxes I. They are administrative records concerning
wages and other expenditures paid from the treasury to laborers or officials.

97

9 ). Royal Stables, and Chariot House.


(525)

() 76m 36 (18.6m)
1/12 5%

" The cedar
timber from there (a mountain by name Lebanon) was brought, the yaka timber was brought from Gandara and from Carmania. The gold was
brought from Sardis and from Bactria . . . the precious stone lapis-lazuli and carnelian . . . was brought from Songdiana. The turquoise from
Chorasmia, the silver and ebony from Egypt, the ornamentation from Ionia, the ivory from Ethiopia and from Sind (Pakistan) and from Arachosia.
The stone-cutters who wrought the stone, those were Ionians and Sardians. The goldsmiths were Medes and Egyptians. The men who wrought
the wood, those were Sardians and Egyptians. The men who wrought the baked brick, those were Babylonians. The men who adorned the wall,

20 ( ) ( )

98

those were Medes and Egyptians."

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Achaemenid "Eternal Soldiers" at Persepolis

"The October 12th is the day that Cyrus the Great founded Iran, and established the first ever empire which accepted the first Universal
Declaration of Human Rights written by Cyrus the Great. He proclaimed that all people in dominion of Persian Empire would be protected by
Cyrus the Great's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and Universal Declaration of Human Rights had codes which were new to anyone in
its own time; such as, freedom of speech, freedom of thought, absent of religious persecution and many more rights that people would enjoy in
his empire. 1960 1971 10 2500

100

1471

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

 PASARGADAE 87
Cyrus the Great (559530 BC) 546

Pthragda

112

 1.6 (Artaxerxes II Mnenon 405~358 BC, Artaxerxes III

Ochus, 358~338 BC ) 2

113

Centaurea depressa

114

The Audience Hall of the Pasargadae Palace

115

116

117

118

 Stone Tower
KOH-E-RAHMAT
NECROPOLIS ( NAQSH E ROSTAM)

119

120


15 ( Darius I Xerxes
Artaxerxes Darius II ) (

desire that a man should do harm, nor is it my desire that he goes unpunished when he does harm "

121

Artaxerxes II, III ) Darius I " It's not my

122

Cyrus tomb in Pasargades, the oldest base-isolated structure in the world

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 12km Naqsh-e Rustam ( Necropolis ) Mountain of Mercy the Throne of Rustam

1923 Ernst Herzfeld 1936 ~39 Erich Schmidt
1).
1 ).

The investiture relief of Ardashir I (c. 226-242): The founder of the Sassanid Empire is seen being handed the ring of kingship by Ahura

grounds that Ahura Mazda had wanted him to do so.

2).

The triumph of Shapur I (c. 241-272) : This is the most famous of the Sassanid rock reliefs, and depicts Shapur's victory over three

betraying his pledge to Artabanus IV (the Persians having been a vassal state of the Arsacid Parthians), but legitimizes his action on the

124

Mazda. In the inscription, which also bears the oldest attested use of the term 'Iran' (see "etymology of 'Iran'" for details), Ardashir admits to

Roman emperors, Gordian III, Valerian and Philip the Arab. A more elaborate version of this rock relief is at Bishapur.
3).

The "grandee" relief of Bahram II (c. 276-293) : On each side of the king, who is depicted with an oversized sword, figures face the king.

On the left stand five figures, perhaps members of the king's family (three having diadems, suggesting they were royalty). On the right stand
three courtiers, one of which may be Kartir. This relief is to the immediate right of the investiture inscription of Ardashir (see above), and partially
replaces the much older relief that gives Naqsh-e Rustam its name.
4).

The two equestrian reliefs of Bahram II (c. 276-293) : The first equestrian relief, located immediately below the fourth tomb (perhaps that of

Darius II), depicts the king battling a mounted Roman soldier. The second equestrian relief, located immediately below the tomb of Darius I, is
divided into two registers, an upper and a lower one. In the upper register, the king appears to be forcing a Roman enemy from his horse. In the
lower register, the king is again battling a mounted Roman soldier. Both reliefs depict a dead enemy under the hooves of the king's horse.
5 ).

The investiture of Narseh (c. 293-303) : In this relief, the king is depicted as receiving the ring of kingship from a female figure that is

frequently assumed to be the divinity Aredvi Sura Anahita. However, the king is not depicted in a pose that would be expected in the presence of
a divinity, and it hence likely that the woman is a relative, perhaps Queen Shapurdokhtak.
6 ).

The equestrian relief of Hormizd II (c. 303-309) : This relief is below tomb 3 (perhaps that of Artaxerxes I) and depicts Hormizd forcing an

enemy (perhaps Papak of Armenia) from his horse. Immediately above the relief and below the tomb is a badly damaged relief of what appears

125

to beShapur II (c. 309-379) accompanied by courtiers.

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127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

 Shapur Gordian Philip the Arab, Valerian

( Bishapur-e Chowgan, Darabgerd ) Shapur
( Korymbos)
Valerian ( ) Philip the Arab

136

Parthian, Middle Persian, Greek (Ka'ba of Zoroaster )On the far side of Carrhea and
Edessa a great battle took place between us ( aand the Romans). And we with our hands took Valerian Caesar prisoner, and the rest who were
the commanders of his army, the Praetorian Perfect, and the Senators, and the officers, all those we captured, and we led them away into Pars
and settled in Persian territories.

137

138

139

140

Artaxerxes Adur Narse ( Hormozd 309

) Hormozd (

141

)( Papak )

142

Great God Ahuramazda, who created this earth, who created that sky, who created humankind, who created happiness for human-beings,
who granted Darius be king, one king of many, one lords of many.
I am Darius Great King, King of Kings, King of countries diverse, King of these lands great and distant, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian, a
Persian, son of a Persian, an Aryan, having Aryan lineage. Declared Darius King : By the grace1 of Ahuramazda these
countries that1 I occupied outside of Persia; I ruled over them ; they bore tribute to me. What was said to them by me, that they did; my law that held them firm; Media, Elam, Parthia, Aria, Bactria, Sogdiana, Chorasmia, Drangiana, Arachosia, Sattagydia, Gandara, Sind,
Haumavarga Saka, Saka Tigrakhauda, Babylonia, Assyria, Arabia, Egypt, Armenia, Cappadocia, Sardis, Ionia, Saka who are across
the sea/river, Skudra, petasos-wearing Ionians, Libyans, Ethiopians, people of Maka, Carians. Declared Darius the King: When Ahuramazda
beheld the earth in turmoil, thereupon upon me was bestowed my kingship; I became king.
By the grace of Ahuramazda restored the throne; what I decreed, that they obeyed, as my desire was. Now if you wonder this : How
many are those countries which King Darius held, look at the sculptures (of those) who bear the throne, then you will know, Also, to you1 it will
become known the spear of a Persian man has gone forth far; Further, to you it will become known a Persian man has very far from Persia. Has
fought in war. Declared Darius King: This which has been done, all that by the will of AhuramazdaI did. Ahuramazda bore me aid, until I
accomplished the work. May Ahuramazda protect me from harm, and my royal house, and this land and pray of Ahuramazda, this may
Ahuramazda give O man, that which Ahuramazda commands, let this not seem repugnant to you; do not leave the right path; do not rise in

143

rebellion!

144

145

146

Shapur

147

148

149

Ardashir ( 224~39 BC, Papak Sasan ) Parthian 224BC Arsacid

150

Ardavan Cetesiphon Firuzabad Naqsh-e Rajab

( Korymbos)(
) Ardashir (Barsom ) Ahuramazda
Parthian, Greek, Middle Persian This is the picture of God Ahuramazda Ardashir
Ardashir Ardavan Ahuramazda

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Ahriman ( )

152

153


( Quran gate ) 6:00
( Delgosha Garden ) 14 ( Khajoy-e - Kermani , Khwazu Kermani , 1280~1352 )

154

 Abdol All Ghasrodashtl 2007 14 Khajou kermani ( Abul-A

Said Bahdor Khan and Arpa Khan, the Mozaffarid Mubariz al-Din Muhammad , and Abu Esshaq of the Inju dynasty

Morshediyya ( ) Shaykh Abu Eshaq Kazeruni Il-Khanid rulers Abu

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Kaml-al-Din Mamud b. Ali b. Mamud Morshedi , Khwaja ; 12801352)

 Homy o Homyun ( ) Homy ( Katay Cathay)

156

Homyun .

Homy o Homyun ( )

1214

157

158

( )

( Delgosha Garden )

159