waited S tates P aten t

[ 1 9 ] [ 1 1 1 3,79 1 ,349
S c h aef er [ 45 ] F eb . 1 2 , 1 9 74
[ 5 4] S TEAM GENERATOR 3,5 08,402 4/1 9 70 Gr ay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 /1 1 x
. , 9 , O 9 1 9 R . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 75 1 I n v en to r : C ar l D - S c h aef er , C h ic ag o , I " , 3,32 3 37% 31 1 9 35 1 2 2 ,1 ? ? ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 5 1 5 1 2
[ 73] As s ig n ee: S o n aqua I n c . , C h ic ag o , I l l . '
. _ P r imar y Examin er Ken n eth W. S pr ag ue
[ 2 2 ] F l l ed' J an ' 2 9 1 9 73 Atto r n ey, Ag en t, o r F ir mKen n eth T. S n o w
[ 2 1 ] Appl . No . : 32 7,430
[ 5 7] ABS TRAC T
C C I I ' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " l z z /iF l z z L z g ig g An appar atus an d meth o d f o r th e pr o duc tio n o f s team
. ' ' " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " an d pr es s ur e b yv th e in ten tio n al c r eatio n o f s h o c k
[ 5 8] F iel d o f S ear c h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 /] l , 1 2 6/2 6, 2 47 wav es in a dis ten ded b o dy o f water Th e c r eated S h o c k
[ 5 6] Ref er en c es C ited wav es ar e in th e n atur e o f water h ammer an d it is th is
water h ammer wh ic h is r epeated an d in ten s i? ed to
UNI TED S TATES P ATENTS s uc h an exten t th e h eat an d pr es s ur e dev el o ped in th e
1 ,75 8,2 07 5 /1 9 30 Wal ker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 /2 6 water c o n v er ts th e water in to us ab l e s team,
2 ,31 6,5 2 2 4/1 9 43 1 L o ef f l er . . . . . . . . . . . l 2 2 /l l
2 ,9 9 1 ,764 7/1 9 61 F r en c h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 /2 6 1 5 C l aims , 8 D r awin g F ig ur es
40 \
( ( 1 /
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37 39 38
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5 2 _ a v 5 g J 70 " 5 0
33 66 4-
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32 i 70 th r ee
. 5 y
. E
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1 1 c 1 1 c | 1 1 6 a, _ 6331 2 7 1 1 1 1 67 / ? e
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. _ \69
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1 1 1 2 3 l _ ( 3/1 35 9 ' 9 \ 1 1
l ' 5 1 444/ 2 1 1 \ i a /
1 ' l Y / /T/TQ/ // _
I 2 35 /9 0 _
1 2 . : /5 1 5 f 1
5 ~ 1 1 2
1 ' 1 8 1 1 2 1 3 M - i7 8
a 5 5 - 4
1
1 1 % = 1 1 g
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 %
P mmmr iml m - 3. 79 1 349
' s n m1 n r 3 ' ' '
65
65
36
64
5 0
33
33
' 1 1 . 1 1 1 %
3,79 1 ,349
1
S TEAM GENERATOR
BAC KGROUND OF THE I NVENTI ON
1 . F iel d o f th e I n v en tio n
S team g en er ato r s h av e b een in us e f o r man y year s .
S uc h g en er ato r s h av e pr imar il y empl o yed b ur n ab l e
f uel s to r ais e th e temper atur e o f a b o dy o f water un til
th e water c h an g es in to s team. Th e us es o f s team g en er
ato r s h av e b een man y. Man y b uil din g h eatin g s ys tems
empl o y s team as th e h eatin g medium. Man y c h emic al
pr o c es s es empl o y s team to pr o duc e c er tain c h emic al
r eac tio n s . S o me o f th es e us e th e s team as a s o ur c e o f
h eat o r to c o n tr ib ute to th e r eac tio n wh il e o th er s us e
th e s team as a c atal ys t to pr o mo te th e des ir ed r eac
tio n s . Man y ph ys ic al pr o b l ems ar e aided b y th e us e o f
l iv e s team. F o r exampl e, c er tain types o f min in g o per a
tio n s empl o y s team to expedite th e r emo v al o f min er
al s f r o m th e g r o un d. Al s o , in th e dr il l in g f o r petr o l eum
an d g as it is o f ten des ir ed to us e l iv e s team to c aus e th e
s tar t o f th e upwar d dis c h ar g e o f th es e l iquids an d g as es
o n c e po c kets o f th em h av e b een r eac h ed b y dr il l in g .
I t is c o n c l uded th at s team g en er ato r s in th e pas t
h av e b een us ef ul an d wil l c o n tin ue to b e us ef ul in th e
f utur e - es pec ial l y if a mo r e ec o n o mic al s team g en er
ato r is av ail ab l e. Th e s team g en er ato r o f th is pr es en t
in v en tio n is s uc h an ec o n o mic al dev ic e.
2 . D es c r iptio n o f th e P r io r Ar t
Th e us e o f water h ammer f o r th e g en er atio n o f s team
h as j us t n o t b een pr ev io us l y do n e to th e b es t o f o ur
kn o wl edg e. Ho wev er , ph ys ic is ts an d en g in eer s h av e
l o n g kn o wn o f th e exis ten c e o f water h ammer . Var io us
b o o ks ' an d texts h av e dis c us s ed' water h ammer an d its
atten dan t c h ar ac ter is tic s . Atten tio n is dir ec ted to :
B. S . Mas s ey: MEC HANI C S OF F L UI D S , Van No s
Rin h o l d, 1 9 71 , ( pag es 41 2 to 42 7) .
J o h n N. Br adl ey: S HOC K WAVES I N C HEMI S TRY
AND P HY S I C S , L o n do n : Metc h uen , New Y o r k:
Wil ey, Amer ic an P r es s 1 9 62 , ( pag es 1 72 an d
1 73) .
Ho r ac e Wil l iams Kin g : HAND BOOK OF HY D RAU
L I C S , F OR THE S OL UTI ON 0F HY D RAUL I C
P ROBL EMS , 4th Editio n , Rev is ed b y Er n es t F .
Br ater , New Y o r k, Mc Gr aw- Hil l , 1 9 5 4, ( pag es
6- 2 1 to 62 7) .
A paten t s ear c h h as b een made o n th e dev ic e as dis
c l o s ed h er ein an d th is s ear c h h as c o n ? r med o ut b el ief
th at n o o n e h er eto f o r e h as c o n c eiv ed o f s uc h a dev ic e.
U. S . P at. No . 3,1 41 ,2 9 6 to J ac o b s , J r . , et al . des c r ib es
th e util iz atio n o f s h o c k wav es pr o duc ed in a l iquid b y
an el ec tr ic dis c h ar g e to per f o r m us ef ul wo r k. Th e
s h o c k wav es ar e c r eated b y dis c h ar g in g el ec tr ic ity in
a l iquid ? l l ed c h amb er an d th e us ef ul wo r k is de? n ed
as a pump f o r th e l iquid.
5
2 5
40
5 0
5 5
US . P at. No . 3,39 8,686 to Guin des c r ib es a mo to r '
wh ic h util iz es th e po wer o f s h o c k wav es c r eated in a
l iquid b y th e dis c h ar g e o f el ec tr ic ity ac r o s s a s par k
g ap. Th us b o th J ac o b s , J r . an d Guin ar e v er y s imil ar
to eac h o th er an d it is o b v io us n eith er o n e pr o duc es
s h o c k wav es in a b o dy o f l iquid to pr o duc e an appr e
c iab l e r is e in temper atur e o f th at l iquid. Al s o , n eith er
o n e h as c r eated s h o c k wav es in a b o dy o f l iquid b y a
mec h an ic al mean s c o r r es po n din g to water h ammer to
c aus e th e temper atur e o f th at water to r is e s uf ? c ien tl y
to c o n v er t th e water to s team.
60
65
2
Oth er s team g en er ato r s h av in g water c h amb er s ap
pear in g s imil ar to appl ic an t s water c h amb er s ar e:
L o ef ? er , US . P at. No . 2 ,31 6,5 2 2 ; Gr ay, US . P at. No .
3,5 08,402 ; Ren n o l ds , US . P at. No . 3,69 0,302 . Ho w
ev er , n o 65 2 9 6? th es e paten ted a v r een s es s h o c k
wav es to c aus e th e h eatin g o f th e water - r ath er eac h
o n e empl o ys a c o mb us tib l e g as iKEf ' r EH' Z BEatin g o f
th e water f o r its c o n v er s io n to s team. An d, o n c l o s e
an al ys is eac h c h amb er is en tir el y dif f er en t f r o m appl i
c an t s c h amb er an d l ac kin g in th e s h o c k wav e g en er at
in g mec h an is ms as s ub s equen tl y de? n ed in th is s pec i?
c atio n .
S UMMARY OF THE I NVENTI ON
A pr in c ipal o b j ec t o f th e pr es en t in v en tio n is to pr o
v ide a n o v el s team g en er ato r .
An impo r tan t o b j ec t o f th is in v en tio n is to pr o v ide
a s team g en er ato r h av in g a dis ten ded b o dy o f water
wh ic h is s ub j ec ted to s h o c k wav es .
An o th er impo r tan t o b j ec t o f th is in v en tio n is to pr o
v ide a n o v el dev ic e to pr o duc e an d in ten s if y a s er ies
o f water h ammer s with in a dis ten ded b o dy o f water to
th er eupo n s ub s tan tial l y r ais e th e temper atur e an d
pr es s ur e o f s uc h water . I
S til l an o th er impo r tan t o b j ec t o f th is in v en tio n is to
pr o v ide a n o v el mean s f o r c r eatin g a water h ammer
with in a b o dy o f water .
An impo r tan t o b j ec t o f th is in v en tio n is to pr o v ide
a dev ic e as s et f o r th in th e pr ec edin g o b j ec t in wh ic h
th e water h ammer is c aus ed b y al ter n atin g f o r c es
? r s t a c en tr if ug al ac tio n an d s ec o n d a v ac uum ac tio n
- c aus in g th e b o dy o f water to b e ? r s t pul l ed in o n e
dir ec tio n an d th en to s n ap b ac k in an o ppo s ite dir ec
tio n . '
An o th er an d s til l f ur th er impo r tan t o b j ec t o f th is in
v en tio n is to pr o v ide a dev ic e o f th e pr ec edin g two o b
j ec ts in wh ic h th e dis ten ded b o dy o f water in c l udes at
l eas t o n e c l o s ed wb o tto mmpas s ag ewayi in wh ic h th e
mo v emen t o f water th er ein is s udden l y extin g uis h ed
an d in wh ic h th e s n appin g b ac k an d f o r th ac tio n o f th e
water c o l umn o c c ur s to th er eb y in ten tio n al l y impar t a
water h ammer to th e b o dy o f water an d s ub s tan tial l y
r ais e th e temper atur e o f th e water s o th at a po r tio n
th er eo f is b ein g c o n tin uo us l y c o n v er ted to l iv e s team.
Oth er an d f ur th er impo r tan t o b j ec ts an d adv an tag es
wil l b ec o me appar en t f r o m th e dis c l o s ur es in th e f o l
l o win g s pec i? c atio n an d ac c o mpan yin g dr awin g s .
I N THE D RAWI NGS
F I G. 1 is an el ev atio n al v iew o f a pr ef er r ed emb o di
men t o f th e s team g en er ato r o f th is in v en tio n with po r
tio n s th er eo f in c r o s s s ec tio n .
F I G. 2 is a s ec tio n al v iew taken o n th e l in e 2 - 2 o f
F I G. 1 .
F I G. 3 is a s ec tio n al v iew taken o n th e l in e 3- 3 o f
F I G. 1 .
F I G. 4 is a s ec tio n al v iew taken o n th e l in e 4~ 4 o f
F I G. 1 .
F I G. 5 is an el ev atio n al v iew o f a mo di? ed _ emb o di
men t o f th e in v en tio n an d with po r tio n s th er eo f in
c r o s s s ec tio n .
F I G. 6 is a s ec tio n al v iew taken o n th e l in e 6- 6 o f
F I G. 5 .
F I G. 7 is a s ec tio n al v iew taken o n th e l in e 7- 7 o f
F I G. 5 .
3,79 1 ,349
3
F I G. 8 is a s ec tio n al v iew taken o n th e l in e 88 o f
F I G. 5 .
AS S HOWN I N THE D RAWI NGS
Th e r ef er en c e n umer al 1 0 in dic ates g en er al l y th e
pr ef er r ed emb o dimen t o f th e s team g en er ato r o f th is
in v en tio n . A s tatio n ar y h o us in g 1 ! en c l o s es th e s team
g en er ato r 1 0. Th e h o us in g c o mpr is es a main b o dy po r
tio n 1 1 a, an upper c ap 1 1 b f as ten ed to th e c en tr al b o dy
po r tio n 1 1 a b y a c ir c ul ar l y ar r an g ed s er ies o f c ap
s c r ews 1 1 0, an un der c ap 1 1 d f as ten ed to th e b o dy po r
tio n 1 1 a b y a c ir c ul ar l y ar r an g ed s er ies o f c ap s c r ews
l l e, a do wn war dl y pr o j ec tin g c en tr al tub ul ar po r tio n
1 l f f o r min g a par t o f th e un der c ap 1 1 d, an d a b o tto m
c o v er 1 1 g f as ten ed b y a s er ies o f c ir c ul ar l y ar r an g ed
c ap s c r ews 1 1 b to th e c en tr al tub ul ar po r tio n 1 1 f .
A v er tic al l y dis po s ed mo to r dr iv en s h af t 1 2 h av in g
an an n ul ar s h o ul der 1 3 th er ear o un d is j o ur n al l y c ar
r ied with in th e c en tr al tub ul ar po r tio n l l f o f th e h o us '
in g 1 1 b y mean s o f a r o l l er b ear in g 1 4. Th e in n er r ac e
o f th e b ear in g 1 4 is dis po s ed b etween th e an n ul ar
s h o ul der 1 3 o f th e r o tatin g s h af t 1 2 at its to p an d th e
s tatio n ar y c o v er 1 1 ;; at its b o tto m. An an n ul ar s eal 1 5
is h el d with in th e h o us in g 1 1 an d b r us h es ag ain s t th e
r o tatin g s h af t 1 2 to ef f ec t a s eal in g o f th e c h amb er
ab o v e th e s eal f r o m c o mmun ic atio n with th e dev ic e
b el o w th e s eal .
A r o to r des ig n ated g en er al l y b y th e n umer al 1 6 is
c ar r ied o n an d with th e upper en d o f th e mo to r dr iv en
s h af t, 1 2 . Th e o uter s ur f ac e o f th e r o to r 1 ,6is c o n e
s h aped an d is adapted to r o tate with in th e o uter h o us
in g 1 1 . Th e h o us in g an d th e r o to r c ar r ied th er ewith in
to g eth er de? n e a g en er al l y dis ten ded c h amb er f o r th e
b o dy o f water wh ic h h as its ter n per atur e an d pr es s ur e
mater ial l y r ais ed b y s ub j ec tin g it to s h o c k wav es . A
water in l et 1 7 is pr o v ided in th e h o us in g c ap 1 1 d an d
is th e mean s f o r del iv er in g water to th e dis ten ded
c h amb er with in th e h o us in g 1 1 an d in an d ar o un d th e
r o to r 1 6. Th e c h amb er is de? n edas dis ten ded b ec aus e
it is n o t j us t an o pen o n e par t c h amb er b ut r ath er is
b r o ken up in to man y s mal l pas s ag eways wh ic h pr o j ec t
in man y dir ec tio n s . Web s ter s def in es dis ten d as to
s tr etc h o ut o r exten d in mo r e th an o n e diec tio n . Th e
water b o dy c h amb er in c l udes a h o r iz o n tal l y dis po s ed
r in g s h aped pas s ag e 1 8 l o c ated b etween th e h o us in g
un der c ap 1 1 d an d th e r o to r 1 6. Th e r o to r is v er tic al l y
s pac ed ab o v e th e h o us in g o n its un der s ide to de? n e th e
r in g s h aped pas s ag e 1 8. Th e water in l et 1 7 dir ec tl y
c o mmun ic ates with th e r in g s h aped pas s ag eway 1 8 as
b es t s h o wn in F I G. 1 . An upwar dl y an d o utwar dl y ? ar
in g an n ul ar c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway 1 9 is l o c ated b e
tween th e h o us in g b o dy po r tio n 1 1 a an d th e r o to r 1 6.
Ag ain , th er e is a s pac in g b etween th es e el emen ts to de
f in e th e c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway 1 9 . A pl ur al ity o f r a
dial l y in war dl y exten din g ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t pas
s ag eways 2 0 ar e adapted to pas s th r o ug h a po r tio n o f
th e r o to r 1 6. At th eir o uter en ds th es e pas s ag es 2 0 j o in
th e c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway 1 9 . An in war dl y in c l in ed
c o n ic al s h aped pas s ag eway 2 1 is c o n c en tr ic al l y dis
po s ed r adial l y in war dl y o f th e c o n ic al s h aped pas s ag e
way 1 9 . Th e in n er en ds o f eac h o f th e pl ur al ity o f h o r i
z o n tal pas s ag eways 2 0 r un dir ec tl y in to th e c o n ic al
s h aped pas s ag eway 2 1 . Th is j o in in g o f th e man y pas
s ag eways is s h o wn in F I G. 1 an d f ur th er in th e s ec
tio n al v iew o f F I G. 2 . A r adial l y in war dl y exten din g
r in g s h aped pas s ag eway 2 2 is pr o v ided n ear th e b o tto m
o f th e r o to r an d j o in s th e l o wer en d o f th e c o n ic al
5
2 5
35
45
5 0
5 5
65
4
s h aped in n er pas s ag eway 2 1 . Th e in n er en d o f th e r in g
s h aped pas s ag eway 2 2 en ter s a v er tic al l y dis po s ed c en
tr al c h amb er o r c o r e 2 3 with in th e r o to r 1 6.
Th e r o to r 1 6 in c l udes an o uter c up- s h aped po r tio n
2 4 an d a c o mb in atio n in n er an d to p po r tio n 2 5 . Th is
c o mb in atio n in n er an d to p po r tio n is f as ten ed ar o un d
its o uter c ir c umf er en c e b y a pl ur al ity o f ar c uatel y
s pac ed c ap s c r ews 2 6 to th e o uter b o dy po r tio n 2 4.
Th e r o to r 1 6 c o mpr is in g th e two main par ts is n ev er ~
th el es s a un itar y dev ic e r o tatin g as o n e mas s . Th e two
piec e c o n s tr uc tio n per mits th e eas y makin g o f th e pas
s ag eways 2 1 an d 2 2 an d b ef o r e as s emb l y per mits th e
dr il l in g o f th e pl ur al pas s ag eways 2 0 n ear th e to p o f th e
o uter c up s h aped po r tio n 2 4 o f th e r o to r . Ov er th e to p
o f th e r o tatin g r o to r th er e is def in ed a r in g s h aped pas
s ag eway 2 7 b en eath th e upper c ap memb er 1 1 1 2 . A v er
tic al l y dis po s ed c yl in dr ic al r in g s h aped pas s ag eway 2 8
h as its to p j o in in g th e to p pas s ag eway 2 7 at th e upper
o uts ide o f th e r o to r 1 6. Th e o uter per iph er y o f a r adi
al l y in war dl y exten din g an n ul ar pas s ag eway 2 9 j o in s
th e l o wer en d o f th e pas s ag eway 2 8 an d at its in n er pe
r iph er y j o in s th e upper en d o f th e c o n e s h aped pas
s ag eway 1 9 . - -
A s pec ial l y c o n s tr uc ted ? ttin g 30 h as an exter n al l y
th r eaded po r tio n at its l o wer en d at 31 wh ic h is th r ead
edl y en g ag ed with in ter n al th r eads with in a c en tr al
o pen in g po r tio n o f th e upper c ap 1 1 6 o f th e h o us in g
1 1 . Th is ? ttin g 30 f o r ms th e b as e f o r a s uper s tr uc tur e
32 dis po s ed o v er th e b as ic un it c o n tain ed with in th e
h o us in g 1 1 . Of c o ur s e th e s uper s tr uc tur e th en b e
c o mes an exten s io n o f th e s tatio n ar y h o us in g 1 1 . An
o uter pipe 33 h as its l o wer en d th r eadedl y en g ag in g th e
upper en d o f th e s pec ial ? ttin g 30 at 34. A s pec ial c ap
? ttin g 3S th r eadedl y en g ag es th e upper en d o f th e
o uter pipe 33 as s h o wn at 36. An in n er c o n c en tr ic pipe
37 an d a r adial l y in war dl y pr o j ec tin g an n ul ar f l an g e 38
o f th e c ap ? ttin g 35 ar e j o in ed to o n e an o th er b y a
th r eaded en g ag emen t as s h o wn at 39 . Th e j un c tur e 39
is l o c ated at an in ter mediate po s itio n b etween th e to p
an d b o tto m o f th e v er tic al l y dis po s ed in n er c o n c en tr ic
pipe 37.
An adj us tab l e v al ue 40 is pr o v ided o n th e to p o f th e
in n er pipe 37 to c o n tr o l th e dis c h ar g e o f s team as th e
s team is g en er ated in th e dev ic e o f th is in v en tio n . Th e
v al v e 40 is th r eadedl y en g ag ed at 41 to th e pipe 37.
Th e l o wer en d 42 o f th e in n er pipe 37 h as its o uter
s ur f ac e mil l ed o r tur n ed do wn s o th e pipe wal l is r el a'
tiv el y th in an d th us may b e as s emb l ed with th e o th er
c o n c en tr ic memb er s b y pas s in g do wn war dl y th r o ug h
th e in ter n al th r eads o n th e an n ul ar ? an g e 38. An in ter
mediate c o n c en tr ic pipe 43 h as its upper en d dis po s ed
b etween th e c ap ? ttin g 35 an d th e in n er pipe 37. Th e
upper en d o f th e in ter mediate pipe 43 s to ps s h o r t o f
c o n tac t with th e un der s ide o f th e ? an g e 38, l eav in g a
s pac e 44 th er eo v er .
An an n ul ar ? an g e 45 is pr o v ided in ter mediate th e
to p an d b o tto m o f th e s pec ial ? ttin g 30. . Exter n al
th r eads ar e pr o v ided o n th e in ter mediate pipe 43 n ear
its b o tto m an d th es e th r eads c o o per ativ el y en g ag e
with in ter n al th r eads o n th e in n er aper tur e o f th e
s pec ial ? ttin g f l an g e 45 as s h o wn at 46. Th e pipe 43
in c l udes a l o wer exten s io n 47 wh ic h h as its s ur f ac e
mil l ed o r tur n ed do wn to per mit it to pas s b y th e
th r eads 46 o n th e ? an g e 45 dur in g as s emb l y. Th is is
s imil ar to th e tur n in g do wn o f th e l o wer exten s io n o f
th e in n er pipe 37. i
3,79 1 ,349
5
Th e in ter mediate in war dl y exten din g an n ul ar ? an g e
45 o f th e ? ttin g 30 is pr o v ided with a pl ur al ity o f ar c u
atel y s pac ed apar t v er tic al l y dis po s ed h o l es 48. Th es e
h o l es c o n s titute r es tr ic ted pas s ag eways o f th e water in
th e s team g en er ato r o f th is in v en tio n f r o m th e l o wer
c h amb er 49 de? n ed b y th e ? ttin g 30 to an upper po r
tio n o r c h amb er 5 0 de? n ed ab o v e th e an n ul ar ? an g e 45
an d b etween th e in ter mediate pipe 43 an d th e o uter
pipe 33. Th e upper l imits o f th e c h amb er 5 0 ar e de
? n ed b y th e in n er an d un der s ide o f th e s pec ial c ap ? t
tin g 35 . .
A th in an n ul ar c h amb er 5 1 is dis po s ed b etween th e
c ap 35 an d th e in ter mediate pipe 43. A s ec o n d th in
el o n g ated an n ul ar c h amb er 5 2 is c o n c en tr ic with th e
c h amb er 5 1 an d is l o c ated b etween th e in ter mediate
pipe 43 an d th e l o wer en d 42 o f th e in n er c o n c en tr ic
pipe 37. By r eas o n o f th e s pac e 44 o v er th e to p o f th e
in ter mediate pipe 43 th e th in an n ul ar c h amb er s 5 1 an d
5 2 ar e j o in ed o n e to th e o th er . Th e el o n g ated an n ul ar
pas s ag eway 5 2 is pr o v ided with an an n ul ar o pen in g 5 3
l o c ated at th e b o tto m o f th e l o wer exten s io n 42 o f th e
in n er c o n c en tr ic pipe 37. A c en tr al pas s ag eway 5 4 is
pr o v ided with in th e in n er pipe 37 an d is util iz ed to
c ar r y g en er ated s team to th e c o n tr o l l in g v al v e 40 at th e
to p th er eo f .
OP ERATI ON OF THE D EVI C E OF F I G. 1
To c o mmen c e o per atio n , water un der n o r mal l in e
pr es s ur es is admitted to th e in l et pipe o r ? ttin g 1 7 s o
th at water ? o ws in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o w 5 5 to th e
dis ten ded o r to r tuo us path c h amb er wh ic h c o mpr is es a
s in g l e b o dy o f water . Th e ar r o w 5 6 s h o ws mo v emen t o f
water f r o m th e in l et 1 7 th r o ug h th e an n ul ar pas s ag eway
1 8 an d to th e c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway 1 9 wh er e th e
water pr o c eeds upwar dl y in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o w
5 7. F r o m th er e th e water en ter s th e s ev er al r adial h o l es
2 0 an d mo v es in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o w 5 8 to th e
in n er c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway 2 1 wh er e th e water
mo v es do wn war dl y in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o w 5 9 .
Th e pas s ag eway 2 1 is j o in ed at its b o tto m to th e an n u
l ar r in g s h aped pas s ag eway 2 2 an d as s h o wn b y th e
ar r o w 60 water mo v es r adial l y in war dl y to th e c en tr al
pas s ag e 2 3 with in th e r o to r 1 6. Th e water th en pr o
c eeds upwar dl y as in dic ated b y th e ar r o ws 61 . Her e th e
water en ter s th e s pec ial ? ttin g l o wer c h amb er 49 an d
as in dic ated b y th e ar r o w 62 mo v es upwar dl y th er e
th r o ug h in to th e r es tr ic ted aper tur es 48 an d c o n tin ues
upwar dl y th r o ug h s uc h v er tic al l y dis po s ed aper tur es as
in dic ated b y th e ar r o w 63. At th is po in t th e water en
ter s th e an n ul ar c h amb er 5 0 an d mo v es upwar dl y
th er eth r o ug h as in dic ated b y th e ar r o ws 64. Th e upper
en d o f th e c h amb er 5 0 j o in s th e th in an n ul ar r in g
s h aped c h amb er 5 1 an d as in dic ated th e water mo v es
f ur th er upwar dl y in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o ws 65 to
th e s pac e 44 j us t b en eath th e an n ul ar ? an g e 38 o f th e
s pec ial c ap 35 . No w th e water c h an g es its dir ec tio n o f
? o w an d s tar ts mo v in g do wn an d th r o ug h th e th in an
n ul ar r in g s h aped c h amb er 5 2 in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar
r o ws 66. I n additio n to th e water mo v in g v er tic al l y in to
th e c h amb er 62 a po r tio n th er eo f mo v es r adial l y o ut
war dl y th r o ug h th e pas s ag eway 2 7 in th e dir ec tio n o f
th e ar r o ws 67. At th e o uter en d o f th e r in g s h aped pas
s ag eway th e water mo v es do wn th e v er tic al r in g s h aped
an n ul ar pas s ag eway 2 8 in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o w 68.
No w th e water tr av el s r adial l y in war dl y th r o ug h th e
r in g s h aped h o r iz o n tal dis po s ed an n ul ar pas s ag eway 2 9
in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o w 69 an d h en c e b ac k to th e
2 0
2 5
30
35
45
5 0
5 5
65
6
o uter c o n ic al s h aped pas s ag eway 1 9 b etween th e r o to r
1 6 an d th e main b o dy po r tio n 1 1 a o f th e h o us in g 1 1 .
Water n o w ? l l s th e en tir e dis ten ded c h amb er wh ic h
as expl ain ed c o n tain s n umer o us pas s ag eways f o r min g
a to r tuo us path an d pr o v idin g a c yc l e f o r th e mo v emen t
o f water th er eth r o ug h . P r io r to th e c o mpl ete ? l l in g o f
th e s ys tem with water , r o tatio n o f th e s h af t is c o m
men c ed. Th e s h af t 1 2 is r o tated b y c o upl in g a mo to r
th er eto an d th e r o to r 1 6 with its s ev er al un itar y par ts
2 4, 2 5 an d 2 6, is r o tated at a r el ativ el y h ig h s peed c aus
in g th e water to b e th r o wn c en tr if ug al l y o utwar dl y
with in th e c h amb er th r o ug h an y pas s ag eway th er eo f
h av in g a r adial dis po s itio n o r a r adial c o mpo n en t. Th e
l ar g e h o r iz o n tal l y dis po s ed r in g s h aped an n ul ar pas
s ag eway 2 7 is o n e s uc h r adial pas s ag eway. Th is imme
diatel y r es ul ts in water b ein g dr awn do wn war dl y o ut o f
th e c l o s ed b o tto m pas s ag eway c o mpr is in g th e c h am
b er s an d pas s ag eways 49 , 5 0, 5 1 an d 5 2 . Th e water s ud
den l y an d po s itiv el y pul l ed do wn war dl y f r o m th is
c l o s ed b o tto m c h an n el c r eates a v ac uum in th e b o tto m
o f th is c h an n el wh ic h in th e dev ic e o f F I G. 1 is at th e
to p o f th e s tatio n ar y s uper s tr uc tur e at th e s pac e 44.
Th is n ewl y c r eated v ac uum n o w s ets up a pul l o f its
o wn wh ic h exc eeds an d o v er c o mes th e c en tr if ug al
f o r c es an d th e b o dy o f water c o mes b ac k in to th e b o t
to m o f th e c l o s ed b o tto m c h an n el with a s n appin g ac
tio n . Th is s udden s tr ikin g o f th e c l o s ed b o tto m extin
g uis h es mo v emen t o f th e c o l umn o f water an d th er e is
a s ub s tan tial s h o c k impar ted to an d with in th e b o dy o f
water . Th is water h ammer o r s h o c k b r in g s with it a r is e
in pr es s ur e an d temper atur e o f th e b o dy o f l iquid. I n
Ho r ac e Kin g s Han db o o k o f Hydr aul ic s pub l is h ed b y
Mc Gr aw- Hil l , 4th Editio n , pag e 6- 2 1 th er e is a dis c us
s io n o f water h ammer an d its c r eatio n . Th e Kin g h an d
b o o k s tates th at if a pas s ag eway in a pipe l in e is s ud
den l y c l o s ed ( c o r r es po n din g to th e c l o s ed b o tto m
c h an n el in appl ic an t s dev ic e) ,
a dyn amic pr es s ur e, in additio n to th e n o r mal s tatic
pr es s ur e, is c r eated with in th e pipe. Th is dyn amic pr es
s ur e is c o mmo n l y c al l ed water h ammer . I t is c aus ed b y
th e s udden tr an s f o r matio n o f kin etic en er g y to pr es s ur e
en er g y. J . N. Br adl ey s S h o c kwav es in C h emis tr y an d
P h ys ic s dis c us s es Th e Meas ur emen t o f Th er mo dy~
n amic Quan tities in C h apter V. P ag e 1 72 o f th at b o o k
an d s tates th at
. . . a s h o c k wav e in a l iquid medium is c h ar ac ter
iz ed b y a s mal l r is e in temper atur e an d an extr emel y
l ar g e c h an g e in pr es s ur e. Appl ic an t is th us in ten tio n
al l y c r eatin g s h o c k wav es in th is dis ten ded b o dy o f
water c aus in g b o th temper atur e an d pr es s ur e r is es . Al
th o ug h th e temper atur e r is e c r eated b y eac h s h o c k is
s mal l , th e s h o c ks ar e r epeated o v er an d o v er ag ain , o n e
upo n th e o th er , an d th er eb y in ten s i? ed c aus in g a mate
r ial r is e in temper atur e o f th e en tir e b o dy o f water .
Eac h s h o c k c aus ed b y th e s udden extin g uis h men t o f
? o w o f water at th e- dead en ded c h an n el c r eates a f o r c e
o f appr o ximatel y 63. 4 po un ds per s quar e in c h o f ev er y
f o o t o f extin g uis h ed v el o c ity. Al th o ug h th is deg r ee o f
pr es s ur e is o n l y h el d mo men tar il y th e s uc c eedin g s h o c k
wav es ar e c umul ativ e an d al th o ug h th e pr es s ur e dis s i
pates th r o ug h o ut th e b o dy o f water th e temper atur e
r is es mater ial l y an d is n o t s o eas il y dis s ipated as th e
pr es s ur e. Th e r is e in temper atur e an d th e main ten an c e
o f th at temper atur e r is e is s o s pec tac ul ar th at s team is
al mo s t in s tan tan eo us l y c r eated an d s tar ts up th e pipe
37 th r o ug h its c en ter pas s ag e 5 4 in th e dir ec tio n o f th e
ar r o ws 70. Un c o n v er ted s team in th e f o r m o f water in
3,79 1 ,349
7
v ar io us s tag es o f h eat is pul l ed do wn war dl y in th e di
r ec tio n o f th e ar r o ws 71 wh er eupo n th e c yc l e is r e
peated with th e r apidl y in c r eas in g s h o c k wav es c aus in g
th e water to b e mo r e eas il y c o n v er ted to s team an d th at
s team b ein g dis c h ar g ed upwar dl y in th e dir ec tio n o f th e
ar r o ws 70 an d th en c e th r o ug h th e adj us tab l e v al v e 40.
Of c o ur s e, water is al ways b ein g admitted to th e in l et
1 7 to keep th e s ys tem f ul l an d c o n s tan tl y r epl en is h th at
po r tio n o f th e water th at h as b een c o n v er ted to s team
an d h as b een dis c h ar g ed th r o ug h th e v al v e 40 f o r s o me
exter n al us e.
Th e mo di? ed o r al ter n ativ e c o n s tr uc tio n o f F I G. 5 is
s imil ar to th e pr ef er r ed dev ic e o f F I G. 1 , b ut is s h o wn
pr imar il y to emph as iz e th at v ar io us b o dy c h amb er s
may b e empl o yed. As expl ain ed f o r th e dev ic e o f F I G.
1 th e water c h amb er is dis ten ded in n atur e n o t an y
par tic ul ar s h ape - b ut expr es s l y in c l udin g o n e o r mo r e
c l o s ed b o tto m c h an n el s with in wh ic h a v ac uum may b e
dr awn an d at l eas t o n e o r mo r e r adial pas s ag es o r pas
s ag es with r adial c o mpo n en ts to pr o duc e a c en tr if ug al
ac tio n . Th e s team g en er ato r o f F I G. 5 is g en er al l y des
ig n ated b y th e n umer al 80. Th e g en er ato r is pr o v ided
with a s tatio n ar y h o us in g 81 . Th e h o us in g c o mpr is es a
main b o dy po r tio n 81 a, an upper c ap 81 b f as ten ed to
th e c en tr al b o dy po r tio n 81 a b y a c ir c ul ar l y ar r an g ed
s er ies o f ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t c ap s c r ews 81 c , an
un der c ap 81 d f as ten ed to th e b o dy po r tio n 81 a b y a
c ir c ul ar l y ar r an g ed s er ies o f ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t c ap
s c r ews 81 e, a do wn war dl y pr o j ec tin g c en tr al tub ul ar
po r tio n 81 f f o r min g a par t o f th e un der c ap 81 d, an d a
b o tto m c o v er 81 g f as ten ed b y a s er ies o f c ir c ul ar l y ar
r an g ed ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t c ap s c r ews 81 h to th e
c en tr al tub ul ar po r tio n 81 f .
A v er tic al l y dis po s ed mo to r dr iv en s h af t 82 h av in g an
an n ul ar s h o ul der 83 th er ear o un d is j o ur n al l y c ar r ied
with in th e c en tr al tub ul ar po r tio n 81 f o f th e h o us in g 81
b y mean s o f a r o l l er b ear in g 84. Th e in n er r ac e o f th e
b ear in g 84 is dis po s ed in a v er tic al po s itio n b etween th e
an n ul ar s h o ul der 83 o f th e r o tatin g s h af t 82 at its to p
an d th e s tatio n ar y c o v er S l l i g at its b o tto m. An an n ul ar
s eal 85 is h el d with in th e h o us in g 81 an d b r us h es
ag ain s t th e r o tatin g s h af t 82 to ef f ec t a s eal in g o f th e
c h amb er ab o v e th e s eal f r o m c o mmun ic atio n with th e
dev ic e b el o w th e s eal .
A r o to r , c o n ic al in o v er al l s h ape, is des ig n ated g en er
al l y b y th e n umer al 86. Th e r o to r is c ar r ied o n an d with
th e upper en d o f th e mo to r dr iv en s h af t 82 . Th e r o to r
86 is adapted to r o tate with in th e o uter h o us in g 81 . Th e
h o us in g an d th e r o to r c ar r ied th er ewith in to g eth er de
f in e a g en er al l y dis ten ded c h amb er f o r th e b o dy o f
water wh ic h h as its temper atur e an d pr es s ur e mater i
al l y r ais ed b y s ub j ec tin g it to s h o c k wav es . A water in l et
87 is pr o v ided in th e h o us in g c ap 81 d an d is th e mean s
f o r del iv er in g water to th e dis ten ded c h amb er with in
th e h o us in g 81 an d in an d ar o un d th e r o to r 86. Th e
c h amb er is de? n ed as dis ten ded f o r th e s ame r eas o n s
as appl ied to th e c h amb er in th e dev ic e o f F I G. 1 . Th e
water b o dy c h amb er in c l udes a h o r iz o n tal l y dis po s ed
r in g s h aped an n ul ar pas s ag e 88 l o c ated b etween th e
h o us in g un der c ap 81 d an d th e r o to r 86. Th e r o to r is
v er tic al l y s pac ed ab o v e th e h o us in g o n its un der s ide to
de? n e th e r in g s h aped an n ul ar pas s ag e 88. Th e water
in l et 87 dir ec tl y c o mmun ic ates with th e r in g s h aped
pas s ag eway 88 as b es t s h o wn in F I G. 5 . An upwar dl y
an d o utwar dl y ? ar in g an n ul ar c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway
89 is l o c ated in th e s pac e b etween th e h o us in g b o dy
pr o tio n 81 a an d th e r o to r 86. A pl ur al ity o f r adial l y in
1 0
2 5
35
40
45
5 5
65
8
war dl y exten din g ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t pas s ag eways
9 0 ar e adapted to pas s th r o ug h a po r tio n o f th e r o to r
86. At th eir o uter en ds th es e h o l e l ike pas s ag es 9 0 j o in
th e c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway 89 . An in war dl y in c l in ed
c o n ic al s h aped pas s ag eway 9 1 is c o n c en tr ic al l y dis
po s ed r adial l y in war dl y o f th e c o n ic al s h aped pas s ag e
way 89 . Th e in n er en ds o f eac h o f th e pl ur al ity o f h o r i
z o n tal pas s ag eways 9 0 r un dir ec tl y in to th e c o n ic al
s h aped pas s ag eway 9 1 . Th is j o in in g o f th e man y pas
s ag eways is s h o wn in F I G. 5 an d f ur th er in th e s ec tio n al
v iew o f F I G. 6. Th e in n er c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway 9 1
f o r ms o n e o f th e c l o s ed b o tto m pas s ag eways o f th is dis
ten ded c h amb er o f th e dev ic e o f F I G. 5 .
Th e r o to r 86 in c l udes an o uter c up- s h aped memb er
9 2 , an in ter mediate memb er 9 3 g en er al l y n es tin g
with in th e c up po r tio n 9 2 an d a c ir c ul ar o r dis c s h aped
c ap memb er 9 4. A pl ur al ity o f ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t
c ap s c r ews 9 5 de? n e an o uter r in g ar o un d th e c ap 9 4
an d c o n s titute th e mean s o f j o in in g th e c ap 9 4 to th e
o uter po r tio n 9 2 o f th e r o to r 86. A pl ur al ity o f s imil ar
ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t c ap s c r ews 9 6 de? n e an in n er
r in g ar o un d th e c ap f o r j o in in g th e c ap 9 4 to th e in ter
mediate po r tio n 9 3 o f th e r o to r 86. Th es e th r ee b o dy
memb er s with th eir c ap s c r ews 9 5 an d 9 6 to g eth er c o n
s titute a un itar y r o to r wh ic h r o tates with in th e s tatio n
ar y h o us in g 81 an d th er eb y c r eates th e s h o c k wav es f o r
ef f ec tin g th e r is e in th e temper atur e o f th e dis ten ded
b o dy o f water to g en er ate s team.
Th e r o to r 86 in c l udes an an n ul ar r in g s h aped pas s ag e
9 7 dis po s ed b etween th e in ter mediate po r tio n 9 3 an d
th e c ap 9 4. Th e to p o f th e o uter an n ul ar po r tio n o f th e
in ter mediate po r tio n 9 3 is mil l ed o r tur n ed do wn to
pr o v ide th e s pac e f o r th e an n ul ar pas s ag eway 9 7. Th e
r o to r al s o in c l udes a pl ur al ity o f ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t
v er tic al l y dis po s ed c l o s ed b o tto m c h an n el s 9 8. Th e ar
r an g emen t o f th es e h o l es o r c h an n el s 9 8 is in a c ir c ul ar
path wh ic h is g en er al l y ar r an g ed c o n c en tr ic to th e c en
ter o f th e c o mpo s ite r o to r . Th e in n er an n ul ar s ur f ac e
9 9 o f th e to p o f th e in ter mediate po r tio n o f th e r o to r
h as n o t b een mil l ed do wn an d th us h av in g its f ul l h eig h t
c l o s el y ab uts th e un der s ide o f th e c ap 9 4. Th us wh en
th e c ap s c r ews 9 6 ar e dr awn up tig h tl y th e un mil l ed
c en tr al r in g po r tio n 9 9 o f th e memb er 9 3 ac ts as a
s pac er f o r th e r emain der o f th e to p o f th at memb er
f r o m th e un der s ide o f th e c ap 9 4. Th is c l ear l y de? n es
th e r adial pas s ag eway 9 7 wh ic h j o in s th e in n er c o n e
s h aped pas s ag eway 9 1 with th e o pen to pped c l o s ed
b o tto m h o l es 9 8. Th e r o to r is f ur th er pr o v ided with a
c en tr al v er tic al l y dis po s ed pas s ag eway 1 00 ab o ut it v er
tic al c en ter l in e. At th e j un c tur e o f th e b o tto m c en ter o f
th e in ter mediate memb er 9 3 o f th e r o to r with th e b o t
to m o f th e c up s h aped o uter memb er 9 2 o f th e r o to r
th e c en tr al pas s ag eway 1 00 is en l ar g ed as s h o wn at
1 01 . A pl ur al ity o f r el ativ el y s mal l diameter r adial l y
dis po s ed h o l es o r pas s ag eways 1 02 j o in eac h o f s aid
c l o s ed b o tto m c h an n el s 9 8 with th e en l ar g ed c h amb er
1 01 at th e c en ter o f th e r o to r . Th es e r adial pas s ag eways
1 02 ar e dis po s ed at a po s itio n s pac ed ab o v e th e c l o s ed
b o tto ms o f th e h o l es 9 8. I t is g en er al l y th r o ug h th es e
min ute r el ief h o l es 1 02 th at g en er ated s team is per mit
ted ac c es s to th e c en ter o f th e r o to r wh er e it mo v es up
war dl y th r o ug h th e pas s ag e 1 00 an d th en c e in to an en
l ar g ed s team pas s ag eway 1 03 l o c ated ab o v e th e c h an
n el 1 00. S team may b e per mitted f r ee es c ape f r o m th is
pas s ag eway 1 03 o r may b e s el ec tiv el y dis c h ar g ed b y a
s uitab l e adj us tab l e v al v e mean s s uc h as th at s h o wn at
40 in F I G. 1 .
3,79 1 ,349
9
OP ERATI ON OF THE D EVI C E OF F I G. 5
As f o r th e s team g en er ato r o f F I G. 1 water is admit
ted to th e s ys tem o f F I G. 5 b y pas s in g th r o ug h th e in l et
87 in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o ws 1 04. Th e water th en
mo v es in th e an n ul ar r in g s h aped pas s ag eway 88 in th e
dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o ws 1 05 to th e j un c tur e with th e
c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway 89 . Th e water n o w mo v es up
war dl y in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o ws 1 06 to th e j un c
tur e o f th e f ul l an n ul ar pas s ag eway 89 with th e pl ur al
r adial pas s ag es 9 0. Water th en mo v es in war dl y in th e
dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o ws 1 07. As pr ev io us l y s tated, an
in n er c o n c en tr ic c o n e s h aped pas s ag eway 9 1 j o in s
th es e s ev er al r adial h o l es 9 0 an d th us th e in c o min g
water ? l l s th at pas s ag eway as s h o wn b y th e ar r o ws 1 08.
As th e r in g s h aped b o tto m o f th e pas s ag e 9 1 is ef f ec
tiv el y c l o s ed th e water th en mo v es r adial l y in war dl y
ac r o s s th e to p o f th e o uter po r tio n o f th e in ter mediate
memb er 9 3 o f th e r o to r in th e pas s ag eway 9 7 as s h o wn
b y th e ar r o ws 1 09 . Her e th e in n er c ir c umf er en c e o f th e
an n ul ar r in g s h aped pas s ag eway 9 7 j o in s with th e to ps
o f th e pl ur al c l o s ed b o tto m pas s ag es 9 8 an d in c o min g
water th en mo v es do wn th es e h o l es as s h o wn b y th e ar
r o ws 1 1 0 to th us ? l l th e en tir e dis ten ded c h amb er
f o r med b y th is maz e o f mul ti- dir ec tio n al pas s ag eways .
Mo s t o f th e ar r o ws j us t des c r ib ed f o r th e mo v emen t o f
water in th e v ar io us c h amb er s an d pas s ag eways ar e two
h eaded in dic atin g th at water dur in g th e o per atio n o f
th e dev ic e mo v es in b o th dir ec tio n s .
P r io r to th e s ys tem b ein g c o mpl etel y f il l ed with wa
ter , r o tatio n al dr iv e is impar ted to th e s h af t 82 an d
th er eupo n its in teg r al r o to r 86 is al s o r o tated. Ro tatio n
is at r el ativ el y h ig h s peeds . Th e in itial r es po n s e to th e
b o dy o f water is its c en tr if ug al ac tio n th r o ug h al l r adial
pas s ag eways an d pas s ag eways h av in g r adial c o mpo
n en ts . I n th is dev ic e th e pr imar y c en tr if ug al ac tio n is
c r eated in th e el o n g ated r adial l y o utwar dl y exten din g
an n ul ar r in g s h aped h o r iz o n tal l y dis po s ed pas s ag eway
9 7. Th e impo s itio n o f th is f o r c e in th e b o dy o f water c u
as es th e c o l umn s o f water in th e mul tipl e c l o s ed en ded
c h an n el s 9 8 with in th e r o to r to b e dr awn upwar dl y o ut
o f th eir c l o s ed b o tto ms .
Al mo s t immediatel y th er e is a mul tipl ic ity o f v ac u
ums c r eated in eac h c l o s ed b o tto m with th e r es ul t th at
th e v ac uums o v er c o me an d exc eed th e o ppo s ite f o r c e
o f c en tr if ug al ac tio n to th er eb y c aus e th e c o l umn s o f
water to s n ap b ac k in to th e c l o s ed b o tto ms o f th es e
c h an n el s . As pr ev io us l y expl ain ed f o r th e o per atio n o f
th e dev ic e o f F I G. 1 th e extin g uis h men t o f th e mo tio n
o f th e b o dy o f water b y th e c l o s ed b o tto ms o f th e c h an
n el s impo s es s h o c k wav es in th e dis ten ded b o dy o f
water s o th at th er e is an in c r emen tal in c r eas e in b o th
temper atur e an d pr es s ur e o f th e b o dy o f water . Th e r e
peated an d c o n tin uo us r o tatio n o f th e r o to r c aus es mul
tipl e s h o c k wav es o r water h ammer an d ac tual l y an in
ten s if ic atio n o f th e s h o c ks wh en th ey ar e o c c as io n ed
o n e upo n th e o th er . Th us wh at wo ul d h av e b een o n l y
a s mal l r is e in temper atur e is n o w s ub s tan tial . Th e pr es
s ur es s imil ar l y r is e b ut th ey quic kl y dis s ipate in th e s ys
tem. Th e water c o mmen c es its c o n v er s io n to s team
g en er al l y in th e ar ea o f th e c l o s ed b o tto ms o f th e c h an
n el s 9 8 wh er e th e g r eates t ef f ec t o f th e s n ap ac tio n
s h o c ks takes pl ac e. Th is n ewl y c r eated s team is per mit
ted to es c ape r adial l y in war dl y th r o ug h th e r es tr ic ted
h o l es 1 02 in th e dir ec tio n o f th e ar r o ws 1 1 1 . On c e in
th e c en tr al c h amb er s o f th e r o to r th e s team mo v es v er
0
2 5
35
40
45
5 0
5 5
60
65
1 0
tic al l y upwar dl y th r o ug h th e s uc c es s iv e pas s ag es I 01 ,
1 00 an d 1 03 as in dic ated b y th e ar r o ws 1 1 2 .
Bo th th e dev ic es o f F I GS . 1 an d 5 ac t to g en er ate
s team. Th eir c o mmo n attr ib utes ar e th eir s tatio n ar y
h o us in g s with r o to r s th er ein wh ic h to g eth er de? n e dis
ten ded c h amb er s with to r tuo us pas s ag eways an d at
l eas t o n e c l o s ed b o tto m pas s ag eway an d a pas s ag eway
per mittin g c en tr if ug al ac tio n to c r eate f o r c es in th e
b o dy o f water o ppo s ite to th e v ac uum c r eated f o r c es in
th e c l o s ed b o tto m c h an n el s . I n F I G. 1 th e c l o s ed b o t
to m c h an n el is l o c ated in th e s tatio n ar y h o us in g po r tio n
o f th e dev ic e wh er eas in F I G. 5 th e c l o s ed b o tto m
c h an n el s ar e l o c ated in th e mo v in g r o to r . I t is th us ap~
par en t th at th e s team g en er ato r o f th is in v en tio n may
take man y an d v ar ied f o r ms with o ut depar tin g f r o m th e
pr in c ipl es dis c l o s ed h er ein . Th us it is n o t my in ten tio n
to l imit th e paten t g r an ted h er eo n o th er wis e th an as n e
c es s itated b y th e appen ded c l aims .
Wh at is c l aimed is :
1 . A s team g en er ato r c o mpr is in g a s tatio n ar y h o us
in g , a r o to r j o ur n al l y mo un ted f o r r o tatio n with in s aid
s tatio n ar y h o us in g , s aid h o us in g an d r o to r to g eth er de
? n in g a dis ten ded c h amb er , mean s del iv er in g water to
s aid dis ten ded c h amb er , at l eas t o n e po r tio n o f s aid dis
ten ded c h amb er c o mpr is in g a c l o s ed en d pas s ag eway
an d at l eas t an o th er po r tio n o f s aid dis ten ded c h amb er
c o mpr is in g an o th er pas s ag eway c apab l e o f b ein g s ub
j ec ted to c en tr if ug al f o r c e, mean s r o tatin g s aid r o to r
wh en th e dis ten ded c h amb er h as water th er ein
wh er eb y s uc h r o tatio n c r eates s h o c k wav es in th e b o dy
o f water in s aid dis ten ded c h amb er b y r eas o n o f c en tr if ~
ug al ac tio n o c c ur r in g in s aid an o th er pas s ag eway an d
a v ac uum o c c ur r in g in th e c l o s ed en d pas s ag eway an d
th e two f o r c es al ter n atel y c o n ? ic tin g an d o v er c o min g
o n e an o th er to pr o duc e an d in ten s if y s h o c ks in s aid
b o dy o f water to th er eb y c aus e a s ub s tan tial r is e in tem
per atur e an d pr es s ur e o f th e b o dy o f water , th er eb y
c o n v er tin g a po r tio n o f s aid b o dy o f water to s team,
an d mean s f o r r emo v in g s team c r eated in th e b o dy o f
water .
2 . A s team g en er ato r as de? n ed in c l aim 1 in wh ic h
s aid r o to r is g en er al l y c o n e s h aped o n its o uter s ur f ac e
an d th e dis ten ded c h amb er c o mpr is es a s er ies o f g en er
al l y n ar r o w pas s ag eways j o in ed in a mul ti~ dir ec tio n al
man n er . -
3. A s team g en er ato r as de? n ed in c l aim 1 in wh ic h
s aid c l o s ed en d pas s ag eway is dis po s ed in th e s tatio n ar y
h o us in g .
4. A s team g en er ato r as de? n ed in c l aim 1 in wh ic h
s aid c l o s ed en d pas s ag eway is dis po s ed in th e r o to r .
5 . A s team g en er ato r as de? n ed in c l aim 1 in wh ic h
s aid s tatio n ar y h o us in g in c l udes a s uper s tr uc tur e o f f s et
f r o m s aid po r tio n h o us in g s aid r o to r .
6. A s team g en er ato r as de? n ed in c l aim 5 in wh ic h
s aid s uper s tr uc tur e c o mpr is es a pl ur al ity o f c o n c en tr ic
pipe memb er s an d wh er ein th e c l o s ed en d pas s ag eway
c o mpr is es c o n c en tr ic th in an n ul ar r in g s h aped pas s ag e
ways at o n e en d o f s aid s uper s tr uc tur e.
7. A s team g en er ato r as de? n ed in c l aim 6 in wh ic h
s aid s uper s tr uc tur e o f c o n c en tr ic pipes in c l udes a s er ies
o f al ter n atel y l ar g e an d s mal l er pas s ag eways .
8. A s team g en er ato r as def in ed in c l aim 2 in wh ic h
th er e is in c l uded a ? r s t th in c o n e s h aped an n ul ar pas
s ag eway dis po s ed b etween th e s tatio n ar y h o us in g an d
th e r o to r , a s ec o n d th in c o n e s h aped an n ul ar pas s ag e
way dis po s ed with in s aid r o to r an d g en er al l y c o n c en tr ic
to s aid f ir s t o f s aid c o n e s h aped pas s ag eways , an d a pl u
3,79 1 ,349
1 1
r al ity o f ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t r adial l y dis po s ed pas
s ag es in s aid r o to r j o in in g s aid ? r s t an d s ec o n d c o n e
s h aped pas s ag eways .
9 . A s team g en er ato r as s et f o r th in c l aim 8 in wh ic h
th er e is in c l uded a c en tr al v er tic al l y dis po s ed pas s ag e
way with in s aid r o to r an d a r adial l y dis po s ed pas s ag e
way c o mmun ic atin g b etween s aid s ec o n d c o n e s h aped
pas s ag eway an d s aid c en tr al v er tic al l y dis po s ed pas
s ag eway with in s aid r o to r .
1 0. A s team g en er ato r as s et f o r th in c l aim 8 in wh ic h
th er e is in c l uded a c en tr al v er tic al l y dis po s ed pas s ag e
way with in s aid r o to r , an d s aid r adial l y dir ec ted pas
s ag eway c o mmun ic atin g with at l eas t o n e o f s aid c o n e
s h aped pas s ag eways an d dir ec tl y c o mmun ic atin g with
s aid c l o s ed en d pas s ag eway, an d mean s dis c h ar g in g
s team c o n v er ted f r o m s aid water to th e c en tr al v er ti
c al l y dis po s ed pas s ag eway with in s aid r o to r .
1 1 . A s team g en er ato r as s et f o r th in c l aim 1 0 in
wh ic h s aid mean s dis c h ar g in g s team c o mpr is es an aux
il iar y pas s ag eway f r o m s aid c l o s ed en d c h an n el to s aid
c en tr al v er tic al l y dis po s ed pas s ag eway in s aid r o to r .
1 2 . A s team g en er ato r as s et f o r th in c l aim 8 in wh ic h
th e c l o s ed en d pas s ag eway in c l udes a pl ur al ity o f g en
er al l y v er tic al l y dis po s ed c l o s ed b o tto m h o l es in s aid
r o to r an d ar r an g ed in ar c uatel y s pac ed apar t po s itio n
to def in e a g en er al l y c ir c ul ar path , s aid r o to r h av in g a
c en tr al pas s ag eway, s aid s er ies o f pas s ag eways in c l ud
in g r adial pas s ag eways j o in in g s aid s ec o n d th in c o n e
s h aped pas s ag eway an d th e to ps o f s aid pl ur al ity o f g en
er al l y v er tic al l y dis po s ed c l o s ed b o tto m h o l es , an d r e
s tr ic ted pas s ag eways j o in in g s aid c en tr al pas s ag eway
1 5
2 0
2 5
35
40
45
60
65
1 2
an d eac h o f s aid pl ur al ity o f c l o s ed b o tto m h o l es in ter
mediate th eir to ps an d b o tto ms , wh er eb y s team is - per
mitted to es c ape r adial l y in war dl y th r o ug h s aid r e
s tr ic ted pas s ag eways to s aid c en tr al r o to r pas s ag eway.
1 3. A s team g en er ato r c o mpr is in g a s tatio n ar y h o us
in g , a c o n e s h aped r o to r j o ur n al l y mo un ted f o r r o tatio n
with in s aid s tatio n ar y h o us in g , s aid h o us in g an d r o to r
to g eth er de? n in g a dis ten ded mul ti- pas s ag eway c h am
b er , mean s del iv er in g water to s aid dis ten ded c h amb er ,
at l eas t o n e pas s ag eway o f s aid dis ten ded c h amb er h av
in g a c l o s ed en d, an d at l eas t an o th er pas s ag eway o f
s aid dis ten ded c h amb er h av in g a r adial c o mpo n en t,
mean s r o tatin g s aid c o n e s h aped r o to r wh en th e dis
ten ded c h amb er h as water th er ein wh er eb y s uc h r o ta
tio n c r eates water h ammer s h o c k wav es in th e b o dy o f
water in s aid dis ten ded c h amb er b y r eas o n o f th e c en
tr if ug al ac tio n c r eated in s aid r adial c o mpo n en t pas
s ag eway an d th e v ac uum c r eated b y th e c l o s ed en d pas
s ag eway c aus in g th e mo v emen t o f water in th at pas
s ag eway to b e s udden l y extin g uis h ed, an d th e al ter n at
in g o f th e c en tr if ug al ac tio n an d th e v ac uum c o n tin uin g
to c r eate s h o c ks an d c aus e a r is e in temper atur e an d
pr es s ur e o f th e b o dy o f water , an d mean s f o r r emo v in g
s team c r eated in th e b o dy o f water .
1 4. A s team g en er ato r as de? n ed in c l aim 1 3 in wh ic h
s aid c l o s ed en d pas s ag eway c o mpr is es an an n ul ar r in g
s h aped pas s ag eway in s aid s tatio n ar y h o us in g .
1 5 . A s team g en er ato r as de? n ed in c l aim 1 3 in wh ic h
s aid c l o s ed en d pas s ag eway c o mpr is es a pl ur al ity o f
v er tic al l y dis po s ed c l o s ed b o tto m h o l es in s aid r o to r .
= l = * * = l < *