Achieving Higher Wet-rubbing Fastness with Reactive Dyestuffs:

Following cares to be made regarding better wet-rubbing fastness:

01) Yarn: Combed yarn (ensuring minimum dead cotton %) to be used.
02) Pre-treatment with highest absorbency: To be checked with drop test
a) Scouring with increased wetting agent dosage
b) Scouring with Caustic Soda(NaOH itself is a good wetting agent
03) Whiteness value: As whiteness value is not needed, Peroxide & Peroxide stabiliser dosage
may be reduced & hence lower Peroxide Killer dosage.
04) Bio-polishing: Minimum Bio-polish Treatment ensuring maximum cellulosic dust removal.
05) Dyeing cycle: Dyeing Cycle to be fully completed may be with few minutes’ extension at
same temperature (60oC).
06) Soaping off: While soaping, a good dispersant along with soaping agent should be used for
maximum removal of unfixed dyes & other dye-complex sticking to fabric surface.
07) Finishing: Micro-emulsion/Semi Micro or Nano silicone Softener finish to be avoided.
Macro Emulsion can be used, if needed.
So, maintaining the above, good wet rubbing fastness can be achieved
----10min---------------50/60min----------
60oC
---5min--------40min--------
55oC Bath Drop
Soda Ash (5g/l) for 25mins Caustic (36o Be) 1.5g/l for 25min

Dyestuffs Salt

Soaping:
a) Cold Rinse
b) Neutralizing with Acetic Acid
c)

Achieving High Light Fast Shades

Light Fastness along with other related matters mostly depend on
a) Fabric surface-(Smoother Surface i. e Single Jersey gains better Light Fastness & rough
surface i. e Pique, Rib etc gain lower Light Fastness) along with
b) Dyestuffs selection &
c) Processing parameters.
Destruction of Chromophores group (Azo Group) resulting in affecting Light or Light Perspiration
Fastness of Reactive Dyestuffs in following two ways:
01) Photo Oxidation
O
O O

O O
O H
O O
O
N H N
N H
N
N
+
N

Singulet-O2 reacts with Hydrazone-tautomer of Azo Dye

02) Photo Reduction

N H 2

N + H -D o n o r H N H N
N . N H N H 2
N •

Following cares to be made for processing High Light Fast Shades:

Compiled By M.Rezaul Karim Tutul
01) Proper Scouring: Scouring is to be done with better bleaching effect, i.e. at least 75 White-
ness Index is to be achieved, especially for light shades.
02) Proper Shading Component Selection-Higher Light Fast Shading components to be selec-
tion, especially for dark shades.
03) Sequestrants has adverse affects on Shades:
a) Grieg Fabric Demineralization is to be avoided as much as possible-Some Seques-
trants, left in fabrics after processes, enhance photo-oxidation or photo-reduction
process of Chromophores, leading to deteriorations of light fastness of shades.
b) Avoid using Sequestrants in Dye-bath for their negative impacts on light fastness.
04) Cationic Finishing Agents have adverse affect on dye-chromophores-Any cationic finishing
agents assist in storing heat energy in fabrics which enhances decomposition of Chromo-
phores leading to deteriorations of Light Fastness.

Compiled By M.Rezaul Karim Tutul