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PRAIRIE TRAVELER.
A HAND-BOOK FOR
OVERLAND EXPEDITIONS.

WITH MAPS, ILLUSTRATIONS, AND ITINERARIES OF
THE PRINCIPAL ROUTES BETWEEN THE
MISSISSIPPI AND THE PACIFIC.

By
RANDOLPH B. MARCY,
CAPTAIN U. S. ARMY.
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT.

NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
FRANKLIN SQUARE.

1859.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year

one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, by
HARPER & BROTHERS,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of

the Southern District of New York.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Page 15
PRAIRIE TRAVELER.
1

The different Routes to California and Oregon. Their respective Advantages. Organization of Companies.
Elections of Captains. Wagons and Teams. Relative Merits of Mules and Oxen. Stores and Provisions. How
packed. Desiccated and canned Vegetables. Pemmican. Antiscorbutics. Cold Flour. Substitutes in case of
Necessity. Amount of Supplies. Clothing. Camp Equipage. Arms.

CHAPTER II.
Page 44

Marching. Treatment of Animals. Water. Different methods of finding and purifying it. Journadas. Methods of crossing them. Advance and Rear Guards. Selection of Camp. Sanitary Considerations. Dr. Jackson's Report. Picket Guards. Stampedes. How to prevent them. Corraling Wagons.

CHAPTER III.
Page 71

Repairing broken Wagons. Fording Rivers. Quicksand. Wagon Boats. Bull Boats. Crossing Packs. Swimming
Animals. Marching with loose Horses. Herding Mules. Best Methods of Marching. Herding and guarding
Animals. Descending Mountains. Storms. Northers.

CHAPTER IV.
Page 98

Packing. Saddles. Mexican Method. Madrina, or Bell-mare. Attachment of the Mule illustrated. Best Method
of Packing. Hoppling Animals. Selecting Horses and Mules. Grama and bunch Grass. European Saddles.
California Saddle. Saddle Wounds. Alkali. Flies. Colic. Rattlesnake Bites. Cures for the Bite.

CHAPTER V.
Page 132

Bivouacs. Tente d'Abri. Gutta-percha Knapsack Tent. Comanche Lodge. Sibley Tent. Camp Furniture. Litters.
Rapid Traveling. Fuel. Making Fires. Fires on the Prairies. Jerking Meat. Making Lariats. Making Caches.
Disposition of Fire-arms. Colt's Revolvers. Gun Accidents. Trailing. Indian Sagacity.

CHAPTER VI.
Page 183

Guides and Hunters. Delawares and Shawnees. Khebirs. Black Beaver. Anecdotes. Domestic Troubles.
Lodges. Similarity of Prairie Tribes to the Arabs. Method of making War. Tracking and pursuing Indians.
Method of attacking them. Telegraphing by Smokes.

CHAPTER VII.
Page 230
Hunting. Its Benefits to the Soldier. Buffalo. Deer. Antelope. Bear. Big-horn, or Mountain Sheep. Their
Habits, and Hints upon the best Methods of hunting them.
Itineraries.
Page 253
Appendix.
Page 335
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Prairie Traveler, by Randolph B. Marcy
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court ofthe Southern District of New York.
2
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page
\u2022\u2022
Map of Overland routesat end of volume.
\u2022
Fort Smith, ArkansasFrontispiece.
\u2022
Swimming a Horse78
\u2022
Diagram for Measurements81
\u2022
Crossing a Stream87
\u2022
Grimsley's Pack-saddle99
\u2022
California Saddle119
\u2022
Half-faced Camp134
\u2022
Conical Bivouac135
\u2022
Tent Knapsack137
\u2022
Comanche Lodge140
\u2022
Sibley Tent143
\u2022
Camp Chairs145
\u2022
Camp Table\u2014Field Cot146
\u2022
Field Cot\ue000Camp Bureau148
\u2022
Mess-chest149
\u2022
Horse-litter151
\u2022
Hand-litter154
\u2022
The Grizzly167
\u2022
Horse-tracks178
\u2022
Keep away!209
\u2022
Calling up Antelopes245
\u2022
The Needles254
\u2022
Chimney Rock269
\u2022
Devil's Gate271
\u2022
Well in the Desert292
\u2022
Map of the Pike's Peak Gold Region296
\u2022
Sangre de Cristo Pass300
\u2022
San Francisco Mountain309
\u2022
Ca\u00f1on on Bill Williams's Fork312
\u2022
Artillery Peak313
\u2022
PREFACE.

A quarter of a century's experience in frontier life, a great portion of which has been occupied in exploring the
interior of our continent, and in long marches where I have been thrown exclusively upon my own resources,
far beyond the bounds of the populated districts, and where the traveler must vary his expedients to surmount
the numerous obstacles which the nature of the country continually reproduces, has shown me under what
great disadvantages the "voyageur" labors for want of a timely initiation into those minor details of
prairie-craft, which, however apparently unimportant in the abstract, are sure, upon the plains, to turn the
balance of success for or against an enterprise.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Prairie Traveler, by Randolph B. Marcy
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court ofthe Southern District of New York.
3
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