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CCNA4.com
CCNA4.com
Quick Guide - Managing A Cisco Internetwork 
Managing a Cisco Internetwork 
 - Cisco Router Components -- Bootstrap, POST, ROM Monitor (all in ROM); Mini-IOS(RXBOOT, or bootloader), RAM, ROM, Flash, NVRAM, Configuration register.- Cisco Router Boot Sequence -- POST; Bootstrap loads the IOS; the IOS loads aconfiguration ("startup-config", if present in NVRAM).- Configuration register -- 16 bits, read 15-0 from left to right. Default is 0x2102 = 0010 00010000 0010 -- load IOS from flash and look for "startup-config".- Configuration register common values in bits (and hex):- 0-3 -- 0x0000-0x000F -- Boot field, as follows:- 00 -- ROM monitor mode -- register = 2100. You must manually boot the router with the "b"command.- 01 -- Boot image from ROM -- register = 2101.- 02-F -- Specifies a default boot filename.- 6 -- 0x0040 -- ignore NVRAM contents.- 7 -- 0x0080 -- OEM bit enabled.- 8 -- 0x0100 -- Break disabled.- 10 -- 0x0400 -- IP broadcast with all zeros.- 11-12 -- 0x0800-0x1000 -- console line speed.- 13 -- 0x2000 -- Boot default ROM software if network boot fails.- 14 -- 0x4000 -- IP broadcasts do not have net numbers.- 15 -- 0x8000 -- Enable diagnostic messages and ignore NVM contents.- "sh version" shows the current value of the configuration register.- Change the config register (run this from "config t" mode) -- "config-register 0x0101" --Boot into ROM mode and then show the current config register value.- Recovering Passwords:- Perform a "break" while the router boots -- you should see "rommon 1 >".- "confreg 0x2142" -- turns on bit 6 -- ignore NVRAM contents. Note: On a Cisco 2500router, type "o" after the break, then "o/r 0x2142".! To boot from a different file, use "boot system ", or "boot system tftp ".- Reboot the router -- "reset" ("I" on a 2500 -- meaning "initialize").- Fix password and reboot -- "copy start run", "config t", "enable secret ", "config-register 0x2102", Ctrl-Z, "copy run start", "reload".- Back up and Restore the Cisco IOS:- Check the flash and the TFTP server -- "sh flash", "ping 192.168.1.4".- Backup the IOS image -- "copy flash tftp".- Restore of Upgrade the Cisco Router IOS -- "copy tftp flash" (you may be asked to eraseexisting flash data). You can also erase it manually with "erase flash:".- Set up a Cisco router to be a TFTP server -- "config t", "tftp-server flash:."- Back up or Restore the Cisco Configuration -- "copy run tftp", "copy tftp run". Erase thestartup config -- "erase start".- Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) -- collect hardware and protocol information aboutneighbor devices. "sh cdp" shows CDP values:- CDP timer -- how often CDP packets are transmitted to all active interfaces (default 60seconds) -- "config t", "cdp timer 90".- CDP holdtime -- how long to hold packets received from neighbor devices (default 180seconds) -- "config t", "cdp holdtime 240".- "sh cdp nei" (or "show cdp neighbor") shows CDP information ONLY about directlyconnected devices. "sh cdp neighbor detail" = "sh cdp entry *" BOTH display extendedinformation ("sh cdp entry *" does NOT work on a 1900 switch).
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