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Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials.[1] Theterm usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and isgenerally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, theenvironment or aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out torecover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid,liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methodsand fields of expertise for each.Waste management practices differ for developed and developingnations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrialproducers. Management for non-hazardous residential andinstitutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually theresponsibility of local government authorities, while managementfor non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually theresponsibility of the generator.

Liquid Waste Management

LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TOWN PANCHAYATS

Liquid Waste ManagementMany Town Panchayat with a population of above 25000 have been generatingliquid waste water and the panchayats do not have proper underground sewer network, the sewage is conveyed through open drains and discharged in tothe nearest water bodies such as river , lakes and land causing considerableenvironmental damage. The Town Panchayats are generating considerableamount of sewage which is disposed off with out any treatment causingenvironmental pollution and health hazards.Since the sewage discharge is continuous and ever increasing steadily due tobetter water supply and population growth, the receiving water bodies are putin to severe stress for supply of dissolved oxygen and are completely filled upwith organic and inorganic solids resulting fish kills , producing obnoxiousodor , breeding ground for mosquitoes and land pollution. Hence it has beenproposed to install a waste water treatment plant and treated waste water isreleased to the environment with out creating any problem for the Flora andFauna of the receiving water bodies and waste land.Why waste water Treatment Plant ?The wastewater generated from all the Panchayat was disposed off into thewater bodies, lake without any proper treatment. The sewage contains largequantity of suspended dissolved and colloidal matter. The sewage solids may

be either organic or inorganic compounds. The Sewage undergoes biologicaldecomposition & bacterial growth with available food and oxygen present inthe natural water bodies such as lake, River etc., and depleting the availableoxygen in the river resulting "Fish kill" "Foul smell " and serious Health hazarddue to disease producing bacteria present in the lake. Since at presentemphasis is being laid on environmental pollution and ground water pollutionit is only fitting that Town Panchayat are setting up a pilot plant by treating thewastes generated to an effluent treatment plant so that each citizen realizesthe importance of a clean environment and its benefits.What is the Sewage Treatment plant capacity?Initially the sewage treatment plant shall be designed for an average flow of 200 m

/Day after the plant performance is established the treatment plant willbe augmented suitably to an ultimate average flow for the respectivePanchayat. The treated sewage can be reused for the Green belt development,Irrigation, or for disposal in to the lake and pond . The biological sludge can bereused as manure for village parks and Gardens.How is the treatment plant design basis?The sewage treatment plant shall be designed for the following characteristics

S.No.ParametersRawSewageTreatedSewage1

5.pHSuspended solidsmg/lBOD mg/lCOD mg/lTotal dissolvedsolids mg/l6.5-7.5

40030045015006.5-8.5

<30<20<250<1500The treated sewage shall be either used for Gardening or disposed off into surface drainThe biological sludge shall be used us manure.The treated sewage shall be used for Irrigation.The biological sludge cake for sewage treatment plant shall be used asManure.

What are the Sewage treatment options?Some of sewage Treatment options available for this type of waste water

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Oxidation Pond

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Conventional Tricking Filter with sludge Digester

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Anaerobic Fixed film reactor & Extended Aeration

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Anaerobic lagoon and aerobic pondThe treatment scheme is designed based on the Anaerobic followed byextended aeration system was preferred over the other systems due to thefollowing advantagesSystem is very simple to operate and maintainSystem is highly efficient and flexible during seasoned load variations.System combines the advantages of both anaerobic and aerobicprocess.It does not produce any odor and smell.The treated sewage can be used for Irrigation , green belt developmentor disposal in to the lake or pond.The sludge can be used as a manureHow much will be the Project costThe Total project cost for the Design , Engineering , Supply , Construction ,Pipe laying Erection and Commissioning of sewage treatment plant will be asfollowsProject Cost:The sewage treatment plant project cost shall be as followsCivil Works - Rs10,50,000.00Equipment supply - Rs12,50,000.00Electrical works - Rs1,00,000.00Piping Works - Rs1,00,000.00Total Project cost - Rs25,00,000/-What are the Benefits of the scheme ?Panchayat lakes and receiving water bodies will be clean and pristineThe treated sewage is reused for IrrigationThe Environmental and Sanitation of the Panchayat and surroundingwill be improved greatly.The Biological sludge will be used as manureThe long term infrastructure and pollution abatement goals will beachieved for the development of Panchayat and villages