TABEL PROTEKSI

TABEL PROTEKSI PADA SALURAN TRANSMISI

Macam Proteksi Uraian
Over current Protection
- Klas waktu dan Arus
- Directional atau
tidak directional
Merupakan pengaman utama untuk
saluran distribusi dan back-up
untuk saluran utama, dimana
pengaman utamanya adalah jarak
atau tipe lain yang cepat
Waktunya minimum rele inverse
defnite dipilih untuk sistem waktu
yang sempit
Rele Instantaneous untuk arus
Proteksi gangguan ke tanah Pengaman gangguan ke tanah
terpisah yang ditambahkan hanya
untuk kebutuhan pengaman
gangguan phasa ke tanah
Pengaman Jarak Lebih cepat dari pengaman over
current. Kombinasinya tergantung
pada panjang saluran yang on
Pilot wirediferential protection Untuk saluran transmisi yang
panjang (minimal 10 km)
Carrier Current Protection Untuk saluran transmisi yang
panjang dan sering terbukanya CB
Teknik Elektro ITS 1
TABEL PROTEKSI
TABEL PROTEKSI PADA GENERATOR
No. Macam Proteksi Kurang dari
1 MW
Diatas
1 MW
Diatas
1 MW
Diatas
1 MW
1. Diferential * *
2. Restriced earth fault * *
3. Stator turn to turn fault *
4. Time Over Current * *
5. Temperature
(thermo-detector)
* * *
6. Negative sequence
Current
* * *
7. Loss of Load * *
8. Loss of input-anti-
Motoring
* * *
9. Loss of feld * *
10.Loss of synchronism * *
11.Over speed * Hanya untuk hydrogenerator
12.Over voltage * Hanya untuk hydrogenerator
13.Rotor earth fault * *
14.Back-up overcurrent * * *
15.Bearing temperature * *
16.Bearing insulation *
TABEL BEBARAPA KONDISI TIDAK NORMAL
DAN SISTEM PENGAMANNYA
Teknik Elektro ITS 2
TABEL PROTEKSI
No. Kondisi tak normal Pengaruh Pengaman
1. Panas Kelebihan
beban
- beban naik terus
- sistem pendingin
rusak
Kumparan stator
dan isolasi rusak
karena terlalu
panas
Thermocouples atau
resistance
thermometer
imbedded in stator
slots and cooling
system.
Stator overload
protection with
overcurrent relay
2. Gangguan diluar
generator
Beban tidak
seimbang, tekanan
pada kumparan
dan poros, panas
berlebihan yang
memperpanjang
hubung singkat.
Negative sequence
protection untuk
mesin yang besar.
Overload protection
untuk mesin yang
kecil
3. Gangguan pada stator:
- antar phasa
- phasa ke tanah
- inter turn
Kumparan
terbakar,
pengelasan pada
inti laminasi, mati
Blased diferential
protection, sensitive
earth fault protection,
inter turn fault
protection
Teknik Elektro ITS 3
TABEL PROTEKSI
No. Kondisi tak normal Pengaruh Pengaman
4. Rotor gangguan ke
tanah
Satu gangguan
tidak berbahaya,
kedua gangguan
menyebabkan
ketidakseimbangan
tekanan magnet
yang menyebabkan
kerusakan shaft
dan bearing.
Rotor earth-fault
Protection
5. Kehilangan medan
magnet
- CB medan magnet
trip
Generator jalan
sebagai generator
induksi yang
mendapat eksitasi
arus dari bus-bar.
Kecepatan
bertambah
Loss of feld atau feld
failure protection
6. Generator berubah
jadi motor.
Saat inpit dari prime
mover berhenti,
generator mangambil
daya dari bus-bar dan
berubah menjadi
motor sinkron pada
keadaan yang sama
Pengaruhnya
tergantung pada
prime mover yang
on dan jumlah
daya yang diambil
dari bus-bar saat
berubah jadi motor
Reverse power
protection by
directional power
relays detect the
reversal of power
7. Over voltage Isolasi terbakar Ligthning arrester
tersambung pada
Teknik Elektro ITS 4
TABEL PROTEKSI
terminal generator.
Table
Types of protection for Generators and their setting
Generator
Rating
1
Type of Drive
2
Type of protection used
3
Suggested fault current
setting
4
Protection for exciter
circuit and neutral
5
Belo
1!!! "#$
Stea%
Tur&ine
1'
Ti%e graded eart( fault
relay
2'
Ti%e graded over
current relay
3'
Reverse poer relay
)only for &ac* pressure
tur&ines+
2! percent full load
current
125 percent full load
current
1! to 2! percent of its
nor%al poer rating
1' ,eutral
isolating sitc(
2' -ield sitc(
in t(e exciter field
circuit
Stea%
.ngine
or
Diesel
.ngine
1' Ti%e graded eart(
fault relay
2' Ti%e graded over
current relay
3' Reverse poer
2! percent full load
current
125 percent full load
current
1! to 2! percent of its
nor%al poer rating
1' ,eutral isolating
sitc(
2' -ield sitc( in t(e
exciter field circuit
1!!! "#$
to
5!!! "#$
Stea%
Tur&ine
1' Balanced eart(
fault relay or
Differential protection
)/er01Price+
2' Reverse poer
)only &ac* pressure
tur&ine+
1! to 25 percent full
load current
1! to 25 percent full
load current
1! to 25 percent full
load current
1' ,eutral
isolating sitc(
or
$uto%atic neutral
&rea*er
1!!! "#$
to
5!!! "#$
2ater
Tur&ine
1' Balanced eart( fault
relay or
Differential protection
)/er01Price+
2' over voltage
protection
1! to 25 percent full
load current
1! to 25 percent full
load current
1! percent of nor%al
voltage
1'-or unattended
elations3 protection
against field failure
Setting 2! to 3!
percent of t(e nor%al
excitation'
2',eutral isolating
sitc( or auto%atic
neutral &rea*er
Teknik Elektro ITS 5
TABEL PROTEKSI
Generator
Rating
1
Type of Drive
2
Type of protection used
3
Suggested fault current
setting
4
Protection for exciter
circuit and neutral
5
$&ove
5!!! "#$
Stea%
Tur&ine
1' Differential protections
)/er01Price+
or
Ti%e graded eart( fault
relay
2' P(ase un&alance
3' Reverse poer )only
&ac* pressure tur&ine+
1! to 25 percent full
load current

2! percent full
load current
1! to 25 percent
negative p(ase
se4uence only
1! to 25 percent full
load current

1' -ield eart( fault for
protecting 567 of t(e
field inding )only for
generator a&ove
2!'!!! "#$+
2'$uto%atic field
suppression sitc(
3'$uto%atic neutral
&rea*er'
2ater
Tur&ine
1' Differential protections
or
Ti%e graded eart( fault
relay
2'8ver voltage
1! to 25 percent full
load current
2! percent full
load current
1! percent of nor%al
voltage
1'-or unattended
station protection
against field failure3
Sotting 2! to 3!
percent nor%al
excitation
2'-iled eart( fault for
protecting 567 of t(e
field inding'
3' $uto%atic field
suppression sitc(
3'$uto%atic neutral
&rea*er'
Teknik Elektro ITS 6
TABEL PROTEKSI
Table Power Transformer Protection
Abnormal Condition Protection Remarks
9ncipient faults &elo oil level
resulting in deco%position of oil3
faults &eteen p(ases and &eteen
p(ase and ground
Buc((ol0 relay sounds
alar% )Gas actuated relay+
Buc((ol0 relay used for
transfor%er of rating 5!! "#$
and a&ove
:arge internal faults p(ase to p(ase3
p(ase to ground3 &elo oil level
1' Buc((ol0 relay trips t(e
circuit &rea*er
Buc((ol0 relay too slo and less
sensitive
2' /er0 Price percentage
differential protection
3' ;ig( speed (ig( set
overcurrent relay
/er0 Price percentage
differential protection used for
transfor%ers of and a&ove 5 /#$
.art( faults
1' /er0 Price percentage
differential protection
-or transfor%er of and a&ove 5
/#$
2' .art( fault relay a' 9nstantaneous Restricted
.'-' Relay
&' Ti%e lag .'- Relay
T(roug( faults
1' Graded ti%e lag over
current relay
Protection of distri&ution
transfor%er
2' ;'# -uses S%all distri&ution transfor%er up
to 5!! "#$
8verloads 1' T(er%al overload relay
2' Te%perature relays
Generally te%perature indicators
are provided on t(e transfor%ers'
Te%p' increase is indicated on
Teknik Elektro ITS 7
TABEL PROTEKSI
sound alar% control &oard also' -ans started
at certain te%p'
Abnormal Condition Protection Remarks
;ig( #oltage Surges due lig(tning3
sitc(ing
1' ;orn gaps ,ot favoured for i%portant
transfor%er
2' :ig(tning arresters 9n addition to :'$'s for inco%ing
lines
S%all distri&ution transfor%er
8nly fuses for eart( fault protections and p(ase fault
protection' 8verload protection generally not
provided
-or %ore i%portant transfor%ers of a&out 5!! "#$
8ver current relays
9nstantaneous eart( fault relays
Transfor%ers in i%portant locations ratings 5!!
"#$ and a&ove
Restricted eart( fault protection
8ver urrent protection
Buc((ol0 relay
Teknik Elektro ITS 8
TABEL PROTEKSI
Table Protection of Large Generator Transformer Unit
Protection of Generator
Transformer together
Generator-transformer overall differential protection*
Generator protection Generator differential protection<
Stator eart( fault protection<
,egative p(ase se4uence protection against1
un&alanced loading<<<
9nter1turn fault protection
Reverse poer protection
-ield failure protection<<
Rotor eart( fault protection
Te%perature sensors in slots<<<
8vercurrent relays in stator and rolar circuits
:ig(tning arrester for generator overvolatage protection
Protection of unit
auxiliary transfor%er
Differential protection<
Restricted eart( fault protection<
Buc((ol0 relay
8vercurrent protection
2inding and oil te%perature sensors
Teknik Elektro ITS 9
TABEL PROTEKSI
Protection of %ain
transfor%er
;# overcurrent protection<
;# Restricted eart( fault protection<
Buc((ol0 relay
2inding and oil te%perature sensors
:ig(tning arresters on ;# side
Protection of Generator
Transformer together
Generator-transformer overall differential protection*
Preventive %easures
sound alar% on control
panel
=ontinous %onitoring of outlet te%perature of gaseous
or li4uid coolants
-lo %onitors
:o noiler pressure alar%>trip
:u&rication oil failure
.%ergency trip
:o vacuu%
< Trip generator c'&'3 close t(rottle valves3 open field c'&'3open auxiliary c'&
<< =lose e%ergency t(rottle valves %ain c'&' opened only after operation of
interloc*ing reverse poer relay
<<< Trip %ain circuit &rea*er only
Teknik Elektro ITS 10
TABEL PROTEKSI
Protection Chart for Induction Motors
Abnormal
condition
Alternate forms of protections
from which choice is made
Remarks
8verload - 8verload release
- T(er%al overload relays
- 9nverse overcurrent relays
- /iniature circuit &rea*er
it( &uilt in trip
1 overload protection give% for
al%ost all %otors
P(ase fault and
eart( faults
- ;R= fuses
- ;ig( set instantaneous
overcurrent relays
- Differential protection
- Differential protection
&eco%es econo%ical for
%otors a&ove a&out 12!!
;P' Belo t(is (ig( set
instantaneous protection is
preferred
?ndervoltage - undervoltage release - undervoltage release
incorporated every
starter
Teknik Elektro ITS 11
TABEL PROTEKSI
- undervoltage relays - undervoltage relays used
in certain applications
?n&alanced
#oltage
- ,egative p(ase se4uence
relay
- only in special
applications
Reverse p(ase
se4uence
- P(ase reversal relays - Generally at support
point
- Prevents reverse of
running
Abnormal
condition
Alternate forms of protections
from which choice is made
Remarks
Single P(asing - ?sual t(er%al overload
relays
- Special single p(ase
preventer
- Recently developed
static single p(asing
devices &eco%ing
popular
Stalling - t(er%al relays
- 9nstantaneous 8'= Relays
Rotor -aults - 9nstantaneous overcurrent
relays
1 only for %otors
Teknik Elektro ITS 12
TABEL PROTEKSI
Teknik Elektro ITS 13