PLASMODIUM

 Sporozoa

Plasmodium sp. – causes

malaria
- transmitted by a female
Anopheles mosquito
- S/Sx: intermittent chills, fever,
sweat
- with alternating generations of
sexual stage (sporogony) in the
mosquito and asexual stage
(schizogony) in man
Dx: 6 consecutive positive malarial blood smear
- Treatment: Chloroquine
- Types of malaria:
1. Plasmodium malariae – quartan malaria

2. Plasmodium vivax – benign tertian

malaria, most widely distributed
3. Plasmodium ovale – ovale tertian malaria,
sporadic
4. Plasmodium falciparum – malignant tertian
malaria
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium malariae ring
stage
Plasmodium vivax
gametocyte
Plasmodium vivax ring
stage
Plasmodium vivax schizont
stage
Plasmodium vivax trophozoite
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium ovale trophozoite
Plasmodium falciparum
gametocyte
Plasmodium falciparum ring
stage
 DISEASES
 Stages of malaria paroxysm
 Cold stage
 Hot stage
 Wet stage
Treatment
 Anti-malarial drug
 Chloroquine (all species except P. malariae)

 Quinine

 Sulfadoxine (for the resistant P. falciparum)

 Primaquine (for relapse of P. vivax and ovale)

 Exchange transfusion
 for rapid production of high levels of parasites in the blood
EFFECT ON RBC
 P. falciparum
 Normal
 Maurer’s dot
 P.vivax
 Enlarged
 Shuffner’s dot
 P. ovale
 Enlarged with jajed edge
 James’s dot

 P. malariae
 Normalrbc
 Ziemman’s dot