Biodiversity is the total richness of biological variation which is result of genetic diversity. Thescope of biodiversity ranges from the genetic variation of individual organisms within andamong populations of a species to different species existing together in ecological communities.Definitions of biodiversity may also include spatial patterns and time related (temporal)dynamics of populations and communities on the landscape. The geographical scales at which biodiversity can be considered range from local to regional, state or provincial, national,continental, and ultimately to global. Biodiversity is valuable for several reasons. First, biodiversity has its own intrinsic value, regardless of its worth in terms of human needs. As such,ethical arguments exist regarding the loss of biodiversity. Scholars and the lay public alikedebate the issues surround whether humans have the right to diminish or exterminate elements of biodiversity, all of which are unique and irretrievable. There are profound philosophical and practical question as to what extent the quality of human existence is diminished by these losses.In addition to its intrinsic value, biodiversity offers a great deal of utilitarian value. Humans havea requirement for the products of other species and exploit wild and domesticated species andtheir communities to provide food, materials, energy, and services. In the United States, for example, about one-quarter of prescription drugs have active ingredients obtained from higher plants, and these uses contribute approximately $40 billion per year to the worldwide economy.Biodiversity also provides extensive ecological services that are directly or indirectly importantto human welfare. These include biological productivity, nutrient cycling, the cleansing of water and air pollutants, erosion control, provision of atmospheric oxygen, removal of carbon dioxide,and other functions related to the integrity of ecosystems.Threats to the biodiversity means effect to the entire world lack of goods which are obtainedfrom the biodiversity will not be able to obtained so it is necessary to learn how to conserve biodiversity which will help to preserve endangered species. If those species are not made togrow then they will not exist in this world.
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