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Parasitic Flagellates
 
 
Giardia intestinalis
Most common diagnosed flagellatein the
human intestinal tract
Has both tropic and cystic stage
The living trophozite is roundedanteriorly and pointed posteriorly
Dorsally it is convex and ventrallyit is provided with shallow, slightlynotched concavity (
sucking disc
)which embraces practically theentire anterior of the organism
 
 
Giardia intestinalis
The pair of 
nuclei
, one on each side of the midline about one fourth of the body length fromthe anterior end are ovoid and contain a central
karyosome
consisting of a single densechromatin mass or a large number of relatively discrete nuclear membrane
A pair of crossed
flagella
arises from the midline
Giardia intestinalis
, was discovered in 1681 by Leeuwenhoek, common in the small intestine, prevelancerates vary 1-30%. Parasite has a pair of adhesive suckers which gives it a characteristic appearance
.
It attaches to the cells of the gut using the suckers and divides by binary fission, in this wayhuge numbers can build up in the intestine. They are spread by resistant cysts, each of whichcontains a pair of parasites, it is highly contagious. Causes diarrhoea, vomiting and loss of weight, the parasite does not break down host cells, but the dense layer of parasites over thesurface of the intestine probably interferes with absorption and triggers the onset of disease.
Giardia
is a traveller's disease, widespread in Eastern Europe, also outbreaks in the USA,Aspen in Colorado, the ski resort.
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