Tabel 1.

Unsur-unsur kimia yang dibutuhkan tanaman dan konsentrasi dalam

jaringan tanaman yang dianggap cukup

Unsur Simbol
Bentuk
Tersedia
Bobot Atom PPM
Kon. Jaringan
Kering
No. Atom realatip
terhadap Mo
Hidrogen H H
2
O 1.01 60.000 6 60.000.000
Karbon C CO
2
12.01 4.50.000 45 35.000.000
Oksigen O O
2
H
2
O 16.00 4.50.000 45 30.000.000
Unsur makro
Nitrogen N NO NH 14.01 15.000 1.5 1.000.000
Kalium K K
+
39.10 10.000 1.0 250.000
Kalsium Ca CG
++
40.08 5.000 0.5 125.000
Magnesium Mg Mg++ 24.32 2.000 0.2 80.000
Fosfor P H
2
SO
2
HPO= 30.98 2.000 0.2 60.000
Belerang S SO
4
32.07 1.000 0.1 30.000
Unsur Mikro
Klorin Cl CI- 35.46 100 0.00000 3.000
Boron B BO
3
=B
4
O
2
10.82 20 0,00020 2.000
Besi Fe Fe+++,Fe++ 55.85 100 0,01000 2.000
Mangan Mn MN++ 54.94 50 0,0050 1.000
Seng Zn Zn++ 65.38 20 0,0020 3.00
Kuprum Cu Cu++,Cu+ 63.54 6 0.00060 100
Molidenum Mo MoO
4
95.95 0.1 0.00001 1

Sumber: Salisbury, F.B, and C.Ross. 1969. Plant physiololgi.I Belmont,calif: Wadsworth, p.194.
Tabel 2. Ringkasan garam pupuk yang biasa digunakan dalam hidroponik

FORMULA
KIMIA
NAMA KIMIA
BOBOT
MOLEKUL
UNSUR
DIASEDIAKAN
RASIO KE-
LARUTAN
THD AIR
BIAYA CATATAN
KNO
3

Potasium Nitrate
(saltpeter)
101.1 K+O
2
- 1:4 Low Highly soluble, hight purity
Ca(NO
2
)
2
Calsium nitrate 164.1 Ca
++,
2(NO
2
-) 1:1 low-
Highly soluble,but is medium shipped
with a plasticiger coat-must be agreasy
akkimed off nutrient solution
(NH
2
)SO
4

Ammonium sulfare 132.2 2(NH
4
+
)SO
4
- 1:2 Medium
NH
2
H
2
PO
4

Ammonium
Hydrogen Phosphate
132.1 2(NH
4
+
)HPO
4
- 1:4
Medium

be used only under very
NH
4
NO
3
ammonium Nittrate 80.05 NH
4
+
NO
2
- 1:1 medium
very good light Conditions or to correct
Deficiency
(NH
4
)
2
HPO
4

amonium mono-
hydrogen posphate
132.1 2(NH
4
+,HPO
4
- 1:2 medium
KH
2
PO
4

Monopotasium
Phospate
13.61 K
+
,H
2
PO
4-
1:3
very
expansive
An excellent salth and highly soluble
pure, but costly
KCI
photassium Choloride
(muriate of potash)
74.55 K
+
,C!-- 1:3 expensive
Should only be used in deficienciest for
K and when no sodium cholorideis is
present in nutrient solution
K
2
SO
4
potassium sulfate 174.3 2K
+
,SO
4
- 1:15 inexpensive
very low solubility, must dissolve in hot
water
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
H
2
O

monochalcium
Phosphate
252.1 Ca
++
,2(H
2
PO
4
-
) 1:60 inexpensive very difficult to obtain a solluble grade
(CaH
4
)PO
4
)


tryple super
phosphate
Ca
++
2(PO
2
-) 1:3000
inexpensive

very low sollubility dry good only for
premixes, not for nutrient solution
MgSO
4
7H
2
O
magnesium sulfate
epsom salt
246.5 Mg
++
,SO
4
- 1:2 cheap Excellent highly solluble
CaCI
2
6H
2
O
calsium chloride

219.1 Ca
++
,2C- 1:1
expensive

highly solluble good to overcome
deficiences Ca but use only if no NaCi
present nutricient solution
CaSO
2
H
2
O
calcium
sulfate(Gypsum)
172.2 Ca
++
,SO
4-
1:500 inexpensive Very insoluble
H
2
PO
2

phosporic acid
Orthoposphoric Acid
98.0 PO
4
=
expensive

Go`od use in correction of P deficiencies
TABEL 3. Persentase kemurnian unsur makro


No NAMA GARAM KEMURNIAN (%)
1. Ammonium phosphate (NH
4
)H
2
PO
4
) (food grade)

98
2. Ammonium sulfate (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
) 94
3. Ammonium nitrate,pure (NH
4
)NO
3
) 98
4. Potassium nitrate (KNO
3
) 95
5. Calcium nitrate (Ca)(NO
3
)
2
90
6. Monocalcium nitrate (Ca(H
2
)PO
4
)
2
) (food grade) 92
7. Potassium sulfate (K
2
SO
4
) 90
8. Potasssium chloride (KCI) 95
9. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO
4
)7H
2
O) 45
10. Calcium chlorida (CaCI
2
)

75
11. Calcium sulfate (CaSO
4
)Gypsum) 70
12. Monopotassium posphate (KH
2
)PO
4
98

the purity is calculated on the basis of designated formula water of crystalzation (eg: MgSO
4
7H
2
O) is
considered as impurity


Tabel 4. Bobot atom unsur yang umum digunakan dalam hidroponik

NAMA SIMBOL
BOBOT
ATOM
NAMA SIMBOL
BOBOT
ATOM
Aluminium Al 26.98 Molybdenum Mo 95.94
Boron B 10.81 Nitrogen N 14.01
Calcium Ca 40.08 Oxygen O 16.00
Carbon C 12.01 Phosphorus P 30.97
Chlorine Cl 35.45 Potassium K 39.10
Copper Cu 63.54 Selenium Se 78.96
Hydrogen H 1.008 Silicon Si 28.09
Iron Fe 55.85 Sodium Na 22.99
Magnesium Mg 24.31 Sulfur S 32.06
Manganese Mn 54.94 Zinc Zn 65.37

Tabel 5 Kisaran unsur hara dalam jaringan tanaman sehat

UNSUR
TOMAT TIMUN SELADA
KIISARAN RATA2 KIISARAN RATA2 KIISARAN RATA2
N% 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 5.25 3.0 6.0 4.3
P% 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.75 0.8 1.3 1.0
K% 4.0 5.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 4.75 5.0 10.8 5.4
Ca% 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.0 4.0 3.0 1.1 2.1 1.5
Mg% 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.75 0.3 0.9 0.42
Fe (ppm) 80 - 150 100 100 - 150 125 130 600 120
B (ppm) 35 - 60 50 35 - 60 40 25 40 32
Mn (ppm) 70 - 150 70 60 - 150 70 20 150 70
Zn (ppm) 30 - 45 30 40 - 80 50 60 120 45
Cu (ppm) 4 - 6 5 5 - 10 8 7 17 14
Mo (ppm) 1 - 3 2 1 3 2 1 4 2 3
N/K ratio 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.1

Tabel 6. Formula larutan hara untuk musim kering di daerah tropis (Resh, 2004)

UNSUR
MAKRO
PPM (mg/L) UNSUR
MIKRO
PPM (mg/L)
KEMARAU HUJAN KEMARAU HUJAN
Ca
+++
250 150 Fe
++
0,50 5,00
Mg
+++
36 50 Mn 0,50 0,50
K
+
200 150 Cu 0,03 0,03
NH
4
+
53 32 Zn 0,05 0,05
NO
3
-
177 115 B 0,50 0,50
PO
4
=
60 50 Mo 0,02 0,02
SO
4
=
129 52 Cl
--