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Environmental Legislation in India
January 2008
 
Environmental Legislation in India
© Finpro
 Table of contents
1
 
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................6
 
2
 
INDIA TODAY...................................................................................................................7
 
2.1
 
K
EY
F
ACTS
.......................................................................................................................................................7
 
2.2
 
P
OLITICAL
S
YSTEM
..........................................................................................................................................8
 
2.3
 
G
OVERNANCE STRUCTURE
...............................................................................................................................8
 
2.3.1
 
Power Distribution – legislation and decision-making ..............................................................................8
 
2.3.2
 
Governance at Central-level.......................................................................................................................9
 
2.3.3
 
Governance at Stat e-level...........................................................................................................................9
 
2.4
 
E
CONOMIC
S
ITUATION
...................................................................................................................................10
 
3
 
DEVELOPMENT TRENDS..........................................................................................11
 
4
 
DRIVERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ANDSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT......................................................................................13
 
5
 
FOCUS AREAS AND WEAK SIGNALS....................................................................15
 
6
 
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION.........................................................................16
 
6.1
 
L
EGISLATIVE
E
NVIRONMENT
.........................................................................................................................16
 
6.1.1
 
 Administrative Issues................................................................................................................................16 
 
6.1.2
 
Problematic Implementation and Gaps....................................................................................................16 
 
6.1.3
 
 Environment and PollutionControl Related Laws...................................................................................17 
 
6.2
 
I
NTERNATIONAL
C
ONVENTIONS
.....................................................................................................................19
 
6.3
 
O
PERATIVE
I
SSUES
.........................................................................................................................................20
 
6.3.1
 
Permissions Required...............................................................................................................................20
 
6.3.2
 
Controlling Environmental Performance.................................................................................................21
 
6.4
 
E
NVIRONMENTAL
S
TANDARDS
.......................................................................................................................21
 
6.4.1
 
Standard Development..............................................................................................................................21
 
6.4.2
 
 Most important environmental standards.................................................................................................22
 
6.4.3
 
Proposed standar ds..................................................................................................................................22
 
6.5
 
E
NERGY
E
FFICIENCY
......................................................................................................................................23
 
6.6
 
B
IO
-F
UEL
P
OLICY AND
L
EGISLATION
.............................................................................................................24
 
6.6.1
 
 Bio-diesel Purchase Policy.......................................................................................................................24
 
6.6.2
 
 Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Program ..................................................................................................24
 
6.6.3
 
Proposed National Policy on Bio-fuels.....................................................................................................25
 
6.7
 
E
FFICIENT
U
SE OF
M
ATERIALS
.......................................................................................................................25
 
6.8
 
C
HEMICALS
....................................................................................................................................................25
 
6.8.1
 
 Domestic Rules.........................................................................................................................................25
 
6.8.2
 
 International Regulations.........................................................................................................................26 
 
6.9
 
R
ECYCLING AND
W
ASTE
M
ANAGEMENT
........................................................................................................27
 
6.9.1
 
Waste Management...................................................................................................................................27 
 
6.9.2
 
 Recycling ..................................................................................................................................................31
 
7
 
NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR FINNISH COMPANIES.......................................32
 
8
 
CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................34
 
- 2 -
 
Environmental Legislation in India
© Finpro
 Table of Figures
Figure 1
 
Map of India.....................................................................................................................................8
 
 Table of Tables
 Table 1
 
Main economic indicators.................................................................................................................10
 
 Table 2
 
 Types of hazardous waste.................................................................................................................29
 
List of Abbreviations:
BEE Bureau of Energy Efficiency BIS Bureau of Indian StandardsBJP Bharatiya Janata Party CDM Clean Development MechanismCNG Compressed Natural GasCPCB Central Pollution Control BoardDBT Department of Biotechnology EBP Ethanol Blended PetroleumECBC Energy Conservation Building CodeEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentGDP Gross Domestic ProductGHG Green House GasGoI Government of India
GoM
 
Group of Ministers
 kVA Kilo Volt AmperekW KilowattLPG Liquefied Petroleum GasLRTAP Long-Range Transboundary Air PollutionMoEF Ministry of Environment and ForestsMoPNG Ministry of Petroleum and Natural GasMoRD Ministry of Rural DevelopmentMSWM Municipal Solid Waste ManagementNEP National Environment Policy NGO Non-Governmental OrganizationOHSAS Occupational Health and Safety StandardPIL Public Interest LitigationPPP Purchase Power Parity REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorisation of ChemicalsSoE State of the EnvironmentSPCB State Pollution Control BoardSWM Solid Waste ManagementUN United NationsUSD US Dollar VOC Volatile Organic Compound
- 3 -
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