Summarizing a Text, Practice Makes Perfect - #1-5

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TE.T/ I was reminded of the importance of deliberate practice by a fascinating new
book, Guitar Zero: The New Musician and the Science of Learning. Its author is Gary
Marcus, a cognitive psychologist at New York University who studies how the brain
acuires language. Marcus is also a wannabe guitarist who set out on a uest to learn to
play at age !". In Guitar Zero he takes us along for the ride, e#ploring the relevant
research from neuroscience, cognitive science and psychology along the way. $ne of his
main themes is the importance of doing practice right.
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TE.T/ I was reminded of the importance of deliberate practice by a fascinating new book,
Guitar Zero: The New Musician and the Science of Learning. Its author is Gary Marcus, a
cognitive psychologist at New York University who studies how the brain acuires
language. Marcus is also a wannabe guitarist who set out on a uest to learn to play at
age !". In Guitar Zero he takes us along for the ride, e#ploring the relevant research
from neuroscience, cognitive science and psychology along the way. $ne of his main
themes is the importance of doing practice right.
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c' ) cognitive psychologist%
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TE.T +,undreds of thousands of people took music lessons when they were young
and remember little or nothing,- Gary Marcus, a cognitive psychologist points out, thus
proving wrong the idea that learning an instrument is easiest when you.re a kid. *he
important thing is that one must perform what is called deliberate practice which involves
a constant process of self/evaluation, of focusing on one.s weaknesses, rather than
simply fooling around and playing to one.s strengths. 0tudies show that practice aimed at
correcting weaknesses is a better predictor of e#pertise than raw number of hours. 1hich
is to say that playing for fun and repeating what you already know may not necessarily
bring your playing to a new level.
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PRACTICE #8 -- Finis te sentences using te text! "#u MA" use te i$eas
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TE.T 0o how does deliberate practice work5 )nders 6ricsson, a behavioral
psychologist, makes it clear that daily practice is not enough. Nor are long hours of
practice are enough. +4eliberate practice,- 6ricsson declares, +reuires effort and is not
inherently en7oyable.- ,aving given us fair warning, he reveals the secret of deliberate
practice8 relentlessly focusing on our weaknesses and inventing new ways to root them
out. 9esults are carefully monitored, ideally with the help of a coach or teacher.
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PRACTICE #5 -- Finis te sentences using te text! "#u MA" use te i$eas
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TE.T *he key element of deliberate practice sounds simple, even obvious, but it.s
something most of us avoid. If we play the piano or golf or speak :rench or play the
guitar, it.s because we like it. )nd in the process we.ve often achieved a level of
competency that makes us feel good about ourselves. ;ut what many of us don.t do is
intentionally look for ways that we.re failing and then work at those flaws until they.re
gone, and then search yet again for more ways we.re messing up. ;ut almost two
decades of research shows that.s e#actly what distinguishes the merely good from the
great.
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d' 9esearch shows that to become better than (merely good( one must%