Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AT
ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE
Submitted for partial fulfillment of B.com 2nd(professional) degree in the
Deptt. Of Commerce
Preface
3. Research Methodology
4. SWOT Analysis
6. Conclusion
Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited has grown in leaps and
bounds in the past four years. They have consistently been the No. 1
‘Private Life Insurer’ in the country and have sold more than a million
policies till date. And this position has been ensured because of the trust
and faith people have put in them.
This trust and faith is based on solid foundation of providing customers
with a peace of mind and promise that their money is absolutely safe with
them. As a company, they ensure the safety of investor’s money by:
1. Adhering to IRDA regulations
2. Maintaining Reserves
3. Adhering to investment norms laid down by IRDA
4. Maintaining solvency margin
5. Infusing capital put by the shareholders
The Company
ICICI Prudent Life Insurance Company is
A joint venture between one of India’s leading financial institutions
and one of world’s largest life insurance companies.
Today they are the No.1 private life insurance company in India.
Professional, highly trained and competent advisors.
Need based solution.
Excellent range of customized solutions to suit every need.
ICICI Bank
One of the largest financial institutions in India.
Broad spectrum of financial solutions for corporate and retail
customers.
Assets in excess of Rs. 100000 crores.
Better than sovereign rating (Moody’s)
First Indian company to be listed on New York Stock exchange.
Trusted by millions of Indians over the years.
Prudential
Started operations in 1848 and is now over of the largest Life
Insurance Companies in the world.
Presence in U.K, Europe, US & throughout Asia.
Insurance & Investment funds under management exceeds Rs.
11,00,000 crores.
Already established as one of the biggest mutual fund company in
India (Prudential, ICICI, AMC)
A truly global brand.
ICICI Prudential was amongst the first private sector insurance companies
to begin operations in December 2000 after receiving approval from
Insurance Regulatory development authority (IRDA).
ICICI Prudential equity base stands at Rs.925 crore with ICICI Bank and
Prudential Plc holding 74% & 26% stake respectively. In the period April
December 2004, the company governed Rs. 860 crore of new business
premium for a total sum assured of over Rs. 7360 crore and wrote nearly
3,45,000 policies. Today the company is the No. I private Life Insurance in
the country.
FINANCIAL MARKETS
A market is a place where buyers and sellers come together to execute
trades and satisfy their needs. In simple terms “a financial market is a
market where financial instruments are bought and sold”
The financial instruments can be in the form of cash or other assets, that
represent a form of cash. For e.g. fixed deposits, shares, bonds, etc.
These markets are further categorized into
1. Primary Market
2. Secondary Market
Primary Market
In this the manufacturer or the person directly holding the asset, sells or
transacts with the end user.
Secondary Market
In this there are a number of transactions that take place before the end
user get the good that is required.
To get clarity of the above let is see the following example:
Now let us take the example of the vegetable market. Let us say that a
farmer who grows vegetable takes his produce early in the morning to the
wholesale market Vashi/Azadpur. Now when he goes there, there are few
buyers who buy his produce from him and stocks it with themselves.
The buyer might have bought it from him because he required it for his
own consumption or he intended to profit from reselling the vegetables at a
profit. However the farmer has sold his entire produce and has taken the
money for it and gone home. Now one of the buyers takes the produce and
goes and sells it in Chembur/Greater Kailash. While doing so the reseller
makes a profit. However, the original farmer knows nothing of this retail
transaction and is not concerned either. Now there is another buyer who
also takes the vegetables to be resold in Lajpat Nagar / Andheri. When he
does so, he finds himself unable to sell the entire produce and very soon
the vegetables start rotting. Not wanting to be stuck with rotten vegetables,
this person offloads his entire stock to the local customers. But in the
process, he actually makes a loss.
This same mechanism operates in the case of primary and secondary
markets. When the farmer when and sold his produce in the wholesale
market the wholesale market acted as the primary market. It was like an
IPO where the corporate itself come and collected money from people
directly. Once the stock is listed on the exchange (just as the produce
reaches Chembur or Andhari, the promoter is no longer involved in trades.
The trades generally happen without his knowledge/consent and generally
he does not get any additional inflow from these trades. At the same time
the retail market allows the buyers of the initial stock to have continued
liquidity. Otherwise since equity is an investment having perennial term, a
person who bought in the primary market will be stuck with his investment
forever.
The above is one way to classify but the more often the financial markets
are classified on the basis of
Money Market
Capital Market
The basic distinction between the two is based on the difference in the
period of maturity of the financial assets (instrument) that is issued in these
markets.
Money markets deals with all transactions in short term instruments which
have a maturity period of one year or less. E.g. treasury bills, bills of
exchange, commercial papers etc.
Capital market deals with transaction related to long term instruments,
which have a period of maturity above one year. E.g. Government
securities, Shares, debentures etc.
Instruments covered in these markets
MONEY MARKETS
Call money
The call money market forms a part of the national money market, where
day-to-day surplus funds, mostly of banks is traded. The call money loans
are of very short terms in nature and the maturity periods of these loans
vary from 1 to 15 days. The money that is lent for one day is called as call
money and the money which is lent for more than one day but less than 15
days is called as notice money.
These markets are based mainly in Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi and
Ahemdabad, but Mumbai plays a dominant role in determining the call
money market and their movements.
Participants in this market are traditionally scheduled banks, but since
1997, RBI has broad-based the market. The other players now are the
primary dealers (16 in all – ICICI securities known as I-sec is one of the
primary dealer), mutual funds approved by SEBI (as lenders), GIC, IDBI,
NABARD & DFHI. Currently the average daily turnover in the call/notice
money market is around Rs.50000 crores Call money rates are currently
range bound at 4-5%.
But the highest ever was on 16th January 1998; when call money rates
shot-up to 140% because of the currency crisis in South East Asia.
Term money
Money borrowed or lent for more than 14 days. Current average daily
trading is around 150 crores. Term money market is range bound at 5-6%.
Treasury bills
These are short term borrowing instruments issued by the Govt. of India.
91-day
364-day
Treasury bills have been issued ever since the inception of Reserve Bank
of India in the year 1935. Treasury bills, also called T-bills, are negotiable
securities and since they can be rediscounted with RBI, they are highly
liquid. The other features are zero default risk, easy availability, assured
yield, low transaction cost and negligible capital depreciation.
T-bill are not issued in physical form. The purchases and sales are
effected through the SGL or Subsidiary General Ledger Account of the
participant. SGL is conceptually similar to a demat account. Current yield
for a 91 day T-bill is 7.2%.
Dated government securities
These are long term debt instruments issued by the government with fixed
coupon rates (rate of interest at the time the security was issued). These
are absolutely risk free since the sovereign guarantees them.
Certificates of Deposits (CD’s)
These are negotiable short-term deposit certificates issued by a
bank/financial institution with maturity ranging from three months to one
year. They are bank deposits, which are transferable from one party to
another.
Banks are issuing CDs in India since 1989, either directly to the investors
or through the dealers.
CDs are marketable or negotiable short-term instruments in bearer form
and are also known as Negotiable certificates of Deposit (NCD). The
minimum issue of CDs to a single investor is Rs. 10 lacs and additional
amount in multiples of Rs. 5 lacs each. CDs are technically a part of bank
deposits. But because they are in bearer form, they can be traded in the
secondary market. But the secondary market for CDs is not developed
because of lack homogeneity in the market. Mostly the financial bodies
keep the CD till full maturity.
Commercial Paper (CP)
These were introduced in January 1990, to enable highly rated corporate
borrowers to diversify their sources of short-term, unsecured borrowings
and to provide an additional instrument to the investor.
CP’s are issued in the form of promissory notes, redeemable at par by the
holder on maturity. CP’s can be issued only by corporates who have a
minimum net worth of 5 crores and an investment grade rating from credit
rating agencies. This translates into P2 from CRISIL or A2 from ICRA.
CP’s can be issued for tenors ranging from 15 days to 364 days. The
general tenor is 9 days. Minimum issues size of CP’s is 25 lacs and further
amounts in multiples of 5 lacs.
A CP allows a highly rated corporate to get money at a cheaper rate than
what the bank otherwise would have given it.
Corporate Bonds
Bonds issued by corporates which are generally unsecured and are
evidenced by a certificate issued by the company acknowledging the debt.
Generally has a fixed coupon rate. The bases for investment generally is
the track record of the issuer coupled with the credit rating it has.
Repo
Repurchase agreement or repo’s or buyback deals are transactions in
which two parties agree to sell and repurchase the same security.
Repo auctions are conducted for absorption of excess liquidity from the
money markets. It is conducted on a daily bases (except on Saturdays).
The tenor of repos is one day except for repos done on Fridays where the
tenor is stretched to three days by default. The funds from this instrument
are expected to be used by banks for their day to day mismatches in
liquidity. The participants of this market are scheduled commercial banks
and Primary Dealers. The minimum amount is Rs. 10 crores and further
amounts will be tendered in multiples of Rs. 5 crores. The securities
eligible for repos are transferable dated govt. securities and treasury bills.
Commercial bills
Bills of exchange are negotiable instruments drawn by the seller on the
buyer for the value of goods delivered to him. When such type of bills are
accepted by commercial bank, they can called CB’s.
CAPITAL MARKETS
This market has a tenor of more than 1 year. This is the place where
corporates (which have credibility in the market) can raise money to fund
new/existing businesses. The capital markets can be distinctively classified
into primary and secondary markets.
The primary market creates long term instruments through which
corporates entities borrow. It also has two components that we must
understand before proceeding further:
Debt
Equity
To study this we will take the help of the following illustration:
Let us say you wish to start a new business (say for setting up shop as a
service center) for which Rs. 1 lakh is required. You go to your bank that
decided to lend you Rs. 50000 @ 12% p.a. However, it requires some sort
of security for lending this money and so it gets you car hypothecated onto
its name. Now you still require another 50,000/- for which you go to your
father. Your father gives you the remaining 50,000 and you make him a
partner in your company to that extent.
The money that you got from the bank is what we call DEBT. The money
that your father gave to you is what we could called EQUITY. Now based
on this let us look the critical features of debt an equity.
Debt essentially means
A loan given to the company for which it will have to pay a fixed rate of
interest. There will be fixed term say 8 years or 10 years after which the
company has to repay the debt.
The obligation to repay debt, interest and then principal, is there
irrespective of profitability.
Equity essentially means
Ownership of the company to the extent of your investments. So if a
company has a share capital of 1 lac rupees and you own 50000 worth of
equity, you are the half owner of the company. But if the share capital was
Rs. 1 crore rupees and you own 50000 worth of equity, you are 1/200th
owner of the company. If you want to be half owner in the second case,
you need to buy shares worth 50 lacs.
There is no fixed term for equities (preference shares might be redeemable
after a term, but a preference share is not pure equity instrument).
The obligation and extent of repayment is directly related to profitability.
Instruments of debt market:
Fixed deposits
Debentures/bonds
Dated Govt. securities-issued at Face value.
Zero coupon bonds-issued at discount and no coupon charges.
Floating rate bonds-is an instrument whose periodic interest or dividend
are indexed to some reference index such as treasury bill.
Capital indexed bonds: Issued at face value, and is indexed with WPI
(wholesale Prince Index)
In the Indian Debt Market the share of Govt. security is 70%. The
percentage of debt as a percentage of the total market is low because the
secondary market of debt trading is not as robust as compared to equity.
INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY
One of the key drivers of profitability for a life insurer is its investment
expertise. To understand more about the investment function let us start by
establishing the objectives the investment management function fulfills for
the company.
Funds under management
The status of funds under management at ICICI Prudential as of 20th
October 2004 stands at
Life Funds : Rs. 7545 Million ($168 Million)
Pension Funds : Rs. 1373 Million ($31 Million)
Linked Funds : Rs. 12762 Million ($ 284 Million)
Management Structure
Boards of Directors
Risk Management & Audit Board Investment Governance
Committee Committee Committee
Executive Investmetn
Committee
The first level (The Board Investment Committee’)
Approve investment strategy
Decide guidelines
Comprises of Broad Members, ECO, CFO, Chief Actuary, Head-
Investments.
At the most macro level is the Board investment Committee which
sets the broad policy framework for the company’s investments. It meets
quarterly to discuss any performance or policy issues. This is a mandatory
requirement for IRDA.
The second level (The ‘Executive Investment Committee’)
Set Performance benchmarks & limits
Monitors investment performance
Provides support on regulatory and tax issues
Comprises CEO, CFO, Chief Actuary, Investments team, Investment
Ops.
The second tier is the Executive Investment Committee. This body
meets monthly to monitor investment performance vis a vis performance
benchmarks. They also assess the portfolio risk and based on the
recommendations of the financial risk management group (FRMG), agree
on the strategic asset allocation. Finally they also discuss any regulatory
issues.
The Third Level (The ‘Investments Team’)
Tactical Portfolio Allocation
Research & Portfolio Selection
Market Timing & Deal execution
The third tier or the operational tier is the investments team.
We have an in-house 2 member team that manages all our funds. This is
the team which takes the actual investment “buy and sell” decision and
executes them. This is unlike some other companies who are using their
mutual fund to help them in them investment.
INVESTMENT PROCESS
The investment philosophy flows from the objectives we have set. This is
followed by investment management which takes care of the asset
allocation and security selection, while adhering to our risk and
performance management parameters. This is obviously subject to the
market and regulatory constraints we work under.
The investment process is as depicted in the chart.
Investment Objective
Investment Philosophy
Investment Management
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES
Fund Benefit Support desired
Obligations to risk – return profile
Policy holders of the company
Investment Philosophy
Macro
Economic
Observe & Analyse
Sector
/ Industry
……. The core of this strategy is to follow
both top-down and bottom up approach Company
Equity strategy
The equity strategy is based on the following points
To create a portfolio of stocks, which will outperform the
benchmark over the medium to long term.
Minimize volatility with an aim to maximize risk adjusted
returns
Investment style: Value oriented
Portfolio of blue-chip stocks
Diversification across companies and sectors
Liquidity consideration
Quantifiable valuation parameters like P/E (Price / Earning Multiple),
PEG (Price Earning Growth), P/B (Price / Book value), DCF
(Discount Cash Flow) amongst others.
Ownership pattern
Invest in medium to large size companies
Superior management quality
Financial strength & key earning divers
Distinct and sustainable competitive advantage
Leadership position in the category
Internal risk control
Ensure diversification by being invested in 15-25 stock at all times
Universe primarily limited to blue chip stock no undue concentration
to any single stock/sector
Weight of any individual stock to be within +/- 5% of benchmark
Weight of any sector to be within +/- 10% of Benchmark
Sector/Stock deviation based on market outlook.
The idea is to concentrate on the large cap stock and blue chip companies.
The benchmark is the BSE 100 with allowable deviation of 5% for
company and 10% for sector. The implies that any stock not in the index
can be at max be 5% of the portfolio. This stock / sector bets allows the
team enough leeway to outperform the index while retaining a high degree
of control over performance so that the performance volatility vis a vis the
index is not very high. Similar structures are used by most professional
fund managers abroad.
FUNDS PHILOSOPHY
The team ‘funds’ has been defined in a number of ways.
a) In a narrow sense, it means cash only.
b) In a broader sense, the term ‘funds’ refers to money values in
whatever form it may exist. Here ‘funds’ means all financial
resources used in business whether in the form of men, material,
money, machinery and others.
c) In a popular sense, the term ‘funds’ means working capital i.e. the
excess of current assets over current liabilities.
MUTUAL FUNDS
Introduction
Not all people understand the dynamic and the complexities of the financial
markets – whether it is the share market or any other financial market. The
retail investor goes on the sentiments of the market without actually
studying the fundamental of the security in which investment is being
made. Moreover the retail investor usually does not have large sums of
money at disposal – and mutual funds is an instrument in which the retail
investor is able to put in small amounts of money and this can be done on
a regular basis.
A Mutual fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors
who share a common financial goal. The money thus collected is invested
by a fund manager in different type of securities / financial instruments
depending upon the objectives of the scheme.
These investments could range from shares to debentures to money
market instruments. The income earned through these investments and
the capital appreciation (increase in capital) realized by the scheme are
shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by
them.
Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man
as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified professionally managed
portfolio at a relatively low cost. The small savings of all the investors are
put together to increase the buying power and hire a professional manager
to invest and monitor the money.
Anybody with an investible surplus of as little as a few thousand rupees
can invest in Mutual Funds.
Concept of Mutual Funds
In order to get a clear understanding as to what is the underlying concept
of the mutual fund let us see the following example.
In a cooperative housing society that has 100 apartments, a security guard
is to be appointed. You find out that a good security guard cost Rs. 2000
per month. Now for a single household to pay Rs. 2000/- every month, it
would be a heavy burden.
Now if all the household got together and shared the costs then it would
make a better economic decision. Because all the residents of the housing
society have the same need and therefore it makes sense to pool together.
For this act of pooling together you approach the residents’ welfare
association (RWA). All the 100 flat owners contribute Rs. 20 per month
and ask (RWA) to appoint a security guard. Now it is the RWA’s
responsibility to ensure that the security guard is doing his job effectively.
They also monitor his performance. If the RWA is unhappy with the
security guard they can change the guard. The members keep
contributing. If one flat owner sells has flat and moves out of the society,
another flat owner takes his place and starts contributing.
Now in a Mutual fund structure there is a trust, which is like the members
of the co-operative society. The Asset management company is something
like the RWA, who is responsible for getting the right kind of security guard
and monitoring whether he is doing the right kind of job or not. Any lastly
the security guard is the investment.
Review of the Mutual Fund Industry
A lone UTI with just one scheme in 1964 now competes with as many as
400 odd products and 34 players in the market. In spite of the stiff
competition and losing market share, UTI still remains a formidable force to
reckon with.
Last six years have been the most turbulent as well as existing ones for
the industry. New players have come in, while others have decided to
close shop by either selling off on merging with others. The industry is also
having a profound impact on financial markets. While UTI has always been
a dominant player on the bourses as well as the debt markets, the new
generation of private funds which have gained substantial mass are now
seen flexing their muscles.
Funds have shifted their focus to the recession free sectors like
pharmaceuticals, FMCG and technology sector. Funds performances are
improving. Funds collection, which averaged at less than Rs. 100bn per
annum over five-year period spanning 1993-98 doubled to Rs 210bn in
1998-99.
In the current year mobilization till now have exceeded Rs300bn. Total
collection for the current financial year ending March 2000 is expected to
reach Rs450bn.
What is particularly noteworthy is that bulk of the mobilization has been by
the private sector mutual funds rather than public sector mutual funds.
Indeed private MFs saw a net inflow of Rs. 7819.34 crore during the first
nine months of the year as against a net inflow of Rs. 604.40 crore in the
case of public sector funds.
Mutual funds are now also competing with commercial banks in the race
for retail investor’s savings and corporate float money. The power shift
towards mutual funds has become obvious. The coming few years will
show that the traditional saving avenues are losing out in the current
scenario. Many investors are realizing that investments is saving avenues
are losing out in the current scenario. Many investors are realizing that
investments in savings accounts are as good as locking up their deposits
in a closet. The fund mobilization trend by mutual funds in the current year
indicates that money is going to mutual funds in a big way.
International scenario
Mutual funds gained popularity only after the 2nd world war and are also
known as the 21st century phenomenon.
U.S., FRANCE and Luxembourg dominate the global mutual fund industry.
India is at the first stage of a revolution that has already peaked in the U.S.
the U.S. the boasts of an Asset base that is much higher than its bank
deposits, but this trend is beginning to change. Recent figures indicate that
the mutual fund assets went up by 115% whereas bank deposits rose by
only 17%. (Source: Thinktank, The Financial Express September, 99) This
is forcing a large number of banks to adopt the concept of narrow banking
wherein the deposits are kept in Gilts and some other assets which
improves liquidity and reduces risk. The basic fact lies that banks cannot
be ignored and they will not close down completely. Their role as
intermediaries cannot be ignored. It is just that Mutual Funds are going to
change the way banks do business in the future. Some basic facts of
mutual Funds iNdustry worldwide:
• The money market mutual funds segment has a total corpus of $
1.48 trillion in the U.S. against a corpus of $ 100 million in India.
• Out of the top 10 mutual funds worldwide, eight are bank –
sponsored. Only Fidelity and Capital are non-bank mutual funds in
this group.
• In the U.S. the total number of schemes is higher than that of the
listed companies while in India.
• In the U.S. about 9.7 million household will manage their assets on-
line by the year 2005, such a facility is still at its nascent stage in
India.
Indian Mutual Fund Industry
A Mutual Fund scheme itself is a trust registered under the Indian Trust
Act.
1986-1993 is termed as the period of public sector mutual funds. From one
player it become 8 in 1993. It was in 1993 that international players such
as Morgan Stanley, Jardine Fleming entered.
Total
No. of Schemes Amount
Income 126 10347
Growth 132 1804
Balanced 36 255
Liquid / Money Market 37 56379
Gilt 32 880
ELSS 39 -
Total 402 69665
Total of all schemes (Rs. In crores)
Equity Fund
Balanced Fund
Risk
Debt Fund
Liquid Fund
Returns
Shareholders
Board of Trustees
Oversees the Fund’s Activities, including approval of the contract with the
AMC and the other services providers
Mutual Fund
Balanced Funds
It’s a mix of equity and debt market instruments. Such schemes invest in
both equities and fixed income securities. In a rising stock market, the NAV
of these schemes may not normally keep pace with the Sensex or fall
when the market falls.
Target market
These are ideal for investors looking for a combination of income and
moderate growth.
E.g. Alliance 95, J.M. Balance fund GIC Balanced funds
Top Schemes in this category are
1. Magnum Balanced Fund
2. HDFC Prudence Fund
3. Escorts Balanced Fund
For the quarter ended Aug 30, 2004. Ranking based on one year % return
Excerpts of an investment strategy from in balanced funds as mentioned in
the offer…..
Stock Picking: In a balance fund and approach to taking stocks is
different. A example of the objective that can be there for an AMC that has
a balanced fund to manage will be as”
Type Risk Profile Approx.
Allocation
Equity and Equity Related securities Medium to High 80%
Debt Securities & Money Market Low to Medium 20%
instruments & Cash (including –
money at call)
Target market
They provide a good place to park surplus funds for a short period. Meant
for people who look for completely secured investments. Ideal for both the
corporate and the small investor.
Top Schemes in this category are
1. LIC MF Liquid Fund
2. Birla Sweep Plan
3. Tata Liquid Super High Investment Plan
For the quarter ended Aug 30, 2004. Ranking based on one year % return
Type Appox. Allocation
Money Market Securities 80%
Debt Securities 20%
Classification by Constitution
Close ended Funds
These types of funds are open for subscription only once and have a
stipulated maturity period that generally ranges from 3 to 15 years.
Investors can invest in the scheme at the time of the initial public issue and
thereafter they can buy or sell the units of the scheme on the stock
exchanges where such funds are listed.
To provide an exist option to the investors, some close-ended funds give
an option of selling back units to the funds through periodic repurchase at
NAV related prices. SEBI regulations stipulate that at least one of the two
exit routes is given to the investor.
E.g. Morgan Stanley Growth Fund
Open ended Funds
In this category the fund is available for subscription all through the year. It
does not have a fixed maturity. Investors can buy and sell units at a price
related to the fund’s NAV (net asset value). Highly liquid from investors
point of view. Most of the funds offered today are in this category.
Net Asset Value
The investment is denoted as NAV – Net Asset Value
Net Asset Value is defined as the total value of the asset in the underlying
fund minus the expenses paid or to be paid divided by the number of units
issued. The issued value of a unit is usually 10/-.
The Net Asset value of a fund is the indicator of the value of the fund.
The NAV is listed on a daily basis in all the national newspaper. This in
most cases the value of the policy is just newspaper away.
Since there are more than a single fund in a Unit Linked Plan – each fund
will have an NAV.
Example:
If 20000/- have been accumulated in the equity fund. And the number of
units issued is 10000/- then the NAV of the equity fund is
200000 / 10000 = 20/-
As the equity markets develop fund grows from 200000/- to 220000/-
Now the NAV is 220000 / 10000 = 22/-
If among these 10000 units the policy holder has 5000 units then the value
of investment as of now is 110000/-
Thus a unit linked plan actually tells me what is the value of my fund is.
Sale price: Is the price the investor requires while investing in a scheme. It
is also called as Offer Price.
Repurchase Price: Is the price at which a close – ended scheme
repurchases it units.
Redemption price: is the price at which an open-ended scheme
repurchase the units.
Sale Load: is a charge collected by a scheme when it sells the units. Its is
also called as ‘front end’ load. Scheme that do not charge a load are called
‘No Load’ schemes.
ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT PRODUCTS
Contribution
Less Charge
Therefore as our responsibilities grow the need for life protection grows
and when these responsibilities are successfully executed the need
reduces.
ULIP allows a client to change the varying life protection needs that makes
it
Easier for the client to manage
Hassle free
Economically effective
The death benefit is usually a multiple of the Contribution being paid which
ensures that the contribution is adequate enough to provide life protection
and is also able to maintain a semblance between protection and savings.
In a ULIP the client pays yearly mortality charges, which makes it more
cost effective for the client.
The charge is deducted each year as per the age of the client – therefore
at the age of 30, mortality for the age of 30 is charged and at the age of 31
mortality for the age of 31 is charged.
Investment and Savings
Undoubtedly all of us look for saving the money that we have and to
ensure that the investment that we make should create value for us – and
more the better.
Many life insurance plans present in the market do not provide justice to
this important need of the client. ULIP on the other hand has all the
composition of satisfying investment and savings needs of the clients.
ULIP provides the client with the option of investing as per personal risk
profile and get returns accordingly. There are options of funds where in the
client can put money in
1. Equity Markets
2. Debt Markets
3. Balanced funds with a mix of the above two
4. Short-term debt market
This also helps the client in saving in accordance to the age as a younger
person can afford to take some risk however a senior citizen might not be
in a position to make investment in comparatively high risk investments.
With the option of four funds to invest in the client always has the option to
change shift as the risk and return orientation changes. Subsequent
contributions and contribution can also be allocated in different fund. Such
features ensures that the client is able to use quality fund management for
optimum benefit.
Net Asset Value
In traditional Plans the policyholder is not aware of the value of the policy
is accruing.
In a Unit Linked plan – the investment, which is denoted through a NAV, is
the real time indicator of the value of the fund. Therefore a policyholder
can easily find out that what is the value that the policy has accrued as of
now.
Transparency
Every client has the right to know about the manner in which the
Contribution being given by him is being allocated. The biggest concern
that is raised is about the charges.
ULIP are completely transparent and the client knows as how every paisa
being charges is allocated.
There are various kind of expenses that are involved in any insurance
plan. These expense may be related to the sales and distribution cost, or
the operational costs, the costs related to the life insurance cover or the
costs related to the management of expense. Since all unit-linked plans
have a transparent structure, they have to exhibit all the charges. It may be
worthwhile to know about the various kind of expenses related to a unit-
linked plan.
The various kinds of expenses are detailed below:
Contribution Related Charges : These are charges that are represented
as a percentage of the regular or single contribution paid. In case of a
regular contribution plan, it is usually high in the first year to pay for the
distribution cost. This charge pays for the issuance and for distribution
commissions.
This is a charge to cover the running expenses of the policy. For single
Contribution plans this is levied once at the start of the policy. For regular
Contribution plan this will be charged on a regular uniform basis depending
upon the frequency of payments.
Normally these charges are shown as percentage of the contribution.
Allocation is another terminology used by the company in actually
representing costs.
Allocations are mathematically reverse of the charges. This
mathematically;
Allocation = 1- Charges. This for example is a product has a 70%
allocation in the first year, it means 1- 0.7 = 0.3 or 30% charge.
Administrative Charges: These are charges that are levied for the
administration of the policy and the related costs of administration of the
insurance company, itself. These costs are different from the issuance and
the distribution related costs of the product they are more related to the
costs like the IT, operational, etc. cost of continuing the policy.
i) They can be levied as the percentage of the value of the
investments (funds) in hat account of the policy holder. So for
example, as Baja Allianz levy a charge of 1.25% of the fund for the
administration of the policy, every year. These kinds of charges get
adjusted in the Unit Value (NAV), as the NAV is declared after
adjusting these costs.
ii) They can be levied as a flat charge with an option of increasing it
by a certain percentage over years. For example, Birla levies a flat
charge of Rs. 28 per month on its policy. HDFC SL unit linked plan
levies Rs.180 annually as the administration charges.
Fund Management Fee : All unit linked plans have underlying funds,
which the policy holders choose for their investments. These funds
constitute of various financial instruments such as equity, bonds, money
market instruments.
The fund management fees is levied to pay for the charges of managing
the investments, which basically involve the cost of buying and selling the
various financial instruments for the various funds.
These charges are expressed as a percentage of the Asset Under
Management of the insurance company. So for example, Birla in its create
fund charges 1.25% annually of the AUM, HDFC charges 0.80% for the its
equity fund.
Interesting thing to know here is the factor on which the charges
depend – The main factor being the fund composition
For example, the cost of managing equity. Thus normally, the fund option,
which has higher percentage of equity, would have higher charges
comparatively to other funds.
So for example, where as Birla charges 1.25% of the AUM as the charge
for their Creator fund which has 50% equity (Max) and 50% debt, Aviva’s
Equity Fund with 100% equity option charges 2.00%. Similarly, the debt
fund of Birla, which has 90% debt, charges 1.00% of the AUM as the
annual charge.
Morality charges : This covers the cost of providing life protection for the
insured and may be paid once at the start of the policy or a recurrent
manner (for example). This charge is levied to provide the insurance cover
under the plan. Normally these charges are 1-year charges and keep
changing as per the age of the policy holder.
These are normally expressed as – as thousand of the Sum Assured
and depend on the age of the policyholder. So, for example one would
have the morality charge as Rs. 1.50 per thousand of SA for a 30 year-old
and Rs. 1.55 for the age of 35 years. This means that the cost of insurance
of Rs. 1000 at the age of 30 is 1.50, where the same insurance cover costs
Rs. 1.55 at the age of 35 years.
All unit – linked products have a morality charge table that is used to
calculate the life insurance cover chare on a yearly basis.
Rider Charges : Rider charges are similar in nature to the morality
charges as they are levied to pay for the other protection benefits that the
policy holder has chosen for – like the critical illness benefit or the accident
benefit, etc.
Surrender charges : When the policy decides to surrender the policy or
partially withdraw some of the units for cash, a surrender charge may be
apply. Usually the surrender charges only apply in the first few years after
the units are invested and are usually on the decreasing scale. Surrender
charges are used to cover initial expenses that have been incurred by the
company but not yet covered from the policy holder yet.
These charges can either be expressed as a percentage of the value
of investments or as a fixed flat charge, depending on the structure
of the product.
So, the policy holder may be charge of 2% of the unit value as the
surrender charge or Rs. 1000 as the surrender penalty.
Surrender charges usually apply to policy with high allocation especially in
the first few years.
Bid offer charges : In ULIP specifically certain insurers might create a
difference in the price at which they sell the unit and the price at which they
buy the units.
Investor’s Contributions are used to buy units in the investment fund at the
offer price and are sold when benefits are required at the bid price. The
difference between the offer and bid prices is known as the “bid offer
spread”, this is used to cover expenses when setting up the policy.
Bid-offer spread is expressed as a percentage of the NAV’s and hence
also becomes a percentage of the value of units.
So for example a company has bid-offer spread of 5% and has an offer
price of Rs. 10 per unit. This means that the bid price would be 5% less
and hence 95% of the offer price, i.e. 95%*10 = Rs. 9.50.
Hence, a policyholder having 100 units in his investment would get Rs.
9.5100 = Rs. 950 as his value and if he has to but another 100 units he will
have to pay Rs. 10100 = RS. 1000. This Rs. 50 difference is the bid-offer
spread.
Any fund which has a bid-offer spread would have 2 NAV’s buying and
selling, where as a fund which does not have bid-offer spread is a 1 NAV
fund same for buying and selling.
Transactional Specific charges : These charges are levied when the
client does some specific transaction like changing funds, topping up the
investment component or withdrawals.
Liquidity
This facility makes the ULIP a very practical insurance in current times.
Most Life Insurance plans do not provide the policyholder the facility of
withdrawing money incase the need arises.
Unit Linked Plans provide you easy access to your money as and when
you may require. One can redeem the units after a particular period of time
as defined by the plan, as per the need. ULIP allows either partial and
complete withdrawal, without penalizing the policyholder.
For example in the 6th year of your plan, you require 15000/- for certain
medical expenses that came up.
Your investment has been made in the balance fund. If the current NAV of
the balanced fund is 15/-, then all you need to do is to sell 1000 units
which will give you 15000/-. The rest of the fund and the policy will
continue normally as this is partial withdrawal.
If need be, the policyholder can withdraw all the monies in the funds by
redeeming all the units.
Liquidity thus provided to the policyholder is immense value in servicing
the ever-changing needs of the client.
Tax planning
Regulation in India allow tax benefits in the Contribution paid under section
88. contribution paid for health riders (critical illness and major surgical) is
allowed tax benefit under section 80 D, as per the prevailing tax-laws.
Maturity benefits are tax free under section 10(10) d, provided the life
cover is at least 5 times of the annual Contribution paid.
Death benefit is tax free under section 10 (10) d.
With so many tax benefits available in one instrument – ULIP tends to be
an intelligent tax-planning tool.
Working of a Unit Linked Plan
For example
A client puts in a regular contribution of 20000/-. From this amount a
percentage is deducted as a contribution.
Therefore if the contribution related expense is 20% - Rs. 4000/- will be
deduced as contribution related charges.
The amount that is now available is 20000 – 4000 – 16000/-
Now, it the client who is aged 30 years were to take a life cover of
500000/- then mortality (1.50/- per thousand at the age of 30) charge of
750/- will be deducted.
This amount will provide life cover to the policyholder. The remaining
amount of – 15250/- will be invested in any of the underlying funds i.e.
debt, equity or mix of both the two. The client can invest in any one of them
or all of them.
The investment is showed in terms of units. Thus if the client invests in
debt fund and the NAV of the debt fund is 16/- (market price) then the
number of units that the client will get is 15250/16=953.125 for the
investment – fund management fee will be charged and the for maintaining
the policy an administrative charge is levied.
CHOICE OF FUND
There are four fund options available to the policyholders. The policyholder
has the flexibility of investing in all the four funds in the proportion the
wishes under our single policy. Following are the fund options.
Plan Plan objective Risk Investment patterns
Steady returns over a Debt Instruments :
Protector long-term Max 100% Money
Moderate
(Income) market & cash : Max
25%
Balance of Capital Debt, money market &
Balancer appreciation and cash : Min 60% equity
Average
(Balanced) steady returns over a & equity related
long-term security : Max 40%
High growth and Equity & Equity
capital appreciation related security :Max
Maximiser
over a long term High 100% debt, money
(Growth)
market & Cash : Max
25%
Capital preservation Debt market : max
Preserver
Low 50% money market &
(Liquid)
cash : min 50%
6%
Equity
Call / Current
Assets
94%
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
TREASURY BILLS Sovereign 10.55%
7.38% GOI 2015 Sovereign 7.50%
11.19% GOI 2005 Sovereign 4.95%
6.18% GOI 2005 Sovereign 4.06%
7.55 GOI 2010 Sovereign 3.53%
6.96% OIL COMPANIES SPECIAL BOND 2009 Sovereign 0.46%
11.4% GOI 2008 Sovereign 0.39%
5.59% GOI 2016 Sovereign 0.21%
9.39% GOI 2011 Sovereign 0.16%
TOTAL 31.82%
Bank Fixed Deposits 3.01%
ACCRUED INTEREST /CASH/CALL/ MONEY AT 5.45%
SHORT NOTICE/OTHER NET CURRENT
ASSETS
Equity
Period ICICI Benchmark
5% Government Pru
Securities One year 6.67% 5.73%
4% 3%
Corp Bonds - AAA Three years 18.96% 13.48%
18% 38% (Annualised)
& eq.
Since 22.48% NA
Corp Bonds - AA +
Inception
& eq.
32% (NOV 16-01)
Call / Current (Annualised)
Assets
65% CRISIL Composite Bond Index + 35% BSE 100
FD with Banks
Protector plan details
Portfolio Allocation as on December 31, 2004
Name Rating % Net Assets
DEBENTURES / BONDS
INDIAN RAILWAY FINANCE CORPORATION AAA 4.60%
RELIANCE INDUSTRIES AAA 4.49%
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION CORPORATION AAA 3.97%
GRASIM INDUSTIRES AAA 2.91%
EXIM BANK AAA 2.55%
HINDALCO AAA 2.49%
CITIFINANCIAL CONSUMER AAA 2.27%
HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION AAA 2.22%
HDFC AAA 1.84%
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS AAA 1.60%
GE CAPITAL AAA 1.57%
POWER FINANCE CORPORATION AAA 0.99%
IDFC AAA 0.90%
BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION AAA 0.89%
NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION AAA 0.52%
SBI AAA 0.46%
NALCO AAA 0.31%
NABARD AAA 0.07%
IDBI AA+ 6.05%
TATA CHEMICALS AA+ 0.81%
GUJARAT AMBUJA CEMENT AA+ 0.74%
INDIAN PETROCHEMICAL CORPORATION AA 0.50%
TOTAL 42.75%
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
Treasury Bills Sovereign 14.68%
7.38% GOI 2015 Sovereign 12.54%
7.55% GOI 2010 Sovereign 6.13%
6.18% GOI 2005 Sovereign 5.96%
11.19% GOI 2005 Sovereign 1.87%
6.96% OIL COMPANIES SPECIAL BOND 2009 Sovereign 1.16%
9.39% GOI 2011 Sovereign 0.51%
5.59% GOI 2016 Sovereign 0.45%
Total 43.31%
TOTAL 21.17%
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
Treasury Bills Sovereign 77.62%
Total 77.62%
Government
Securities
11% 1%
10% Corp Bonds - AAA
& eq.
Corp Bonds - AA +
78% & eq.
Call / Current
Assets
(Absolute)
UNIT LINKED PENSION FUNDS PERFORMANCE
7%
Equity
Call / Current
Assets
93%
(Annualized)
Pension Balancer Plan Details
TOTAL 22.77%
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
TREASURY BILLS Sovereign 13.04%
7.38% GOI 2015 Sovereign 7.29%
11.19% GOI 2005 Sovereign 2.91%
6.18% GOI 2005 Sovereign 2.87%
7.55 GOI 2010 Sovereign 1.68%
6.96% OIL COMPANIES SPECIAL BOND 2009 Sovereign 0.54%
11.4% GOI 2008 Sovereign 0.49%
5.59% GOI 2016 Sovereign 0.46%
TOTAL 29.43%
Bank Fixed Deposits 3.25%
ACCRUED INTEREST /CASH/CALL/ MONEY AT 6.73%
SHORT NOTICE/OTHER NET CURRENT
ASSETS
Equity
Period ICICI Benchmark
Government Pru
7%
Securities One year 6.78% 5.73%
5% 3% Last Two 25.03% 19.15%
Corp Bonds - AAA
38% years
18% & eq.
(Annualised)
Corp Bonds - AA
Since 22.50% 15.68%
& eq.
29% Inception (Jun
Call / Current 1-02)
Assets (Annualised)
FD with Banks
65% CRISIL Composite Bond Index + 35% BSE 100
Pension Protector Plan Details
TOTAL 44.49%
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
Treasury Bills Sovereign 12.91%
7.38% GOI 2015 Sovereign 12.24%
7.55% GOI 2010 Sovereign 5.44%
6.18% GOI 2005 Sovereign 7.26%
11.19% GOI 2005 Sovereign 3.56%
6.96% OIL COMPANIES SPECIAL BOND 2009 Sovereign 1.00%
9.39% GOI 2011 Sovereign 0.66%
5.59% GOI 2016 Sovereign 0.53%
11.40%GOI 2008 Sovereign 0.37%
Total 43.96%
Bank Fixed Deposits 6.23%
ACCURED INTEREST CASH/CALL/MONEY AT 5.33%
SHORT NOTICE/OTHER NET CURRENT
ASSETS
TOTAL 23.59%
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
Treasury Bills Sovereign 72.39%
Total 72.39%
Government
Securities
12% 4%
Corp Bonds - AAA
12% & eq.
Corp Bonds - AA +
72% eq.
Call / Current
Assets
Absolute
INSURANCE OPPORTUNITY
ICICI Pru
7%
10% Max NYL
3% HDFC Std. Life
39%
4% Birla Sunlife
Allianz Bajaj
8% Om Kotak
12
10.7
10
Ins. Premium as a % of GDP
8.9 8.7
8
6
4.4
4 3.4
2.2
2 1.3
0
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