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Airliner
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(March 2008)
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Airbus A340-600 wide-bodyairliner of  Cathay Pacific, an airline based inHong Kong. This is the longest commercial airplane in the world.An
airliner
(also called a commercial transport) is a largefixed-wing aircraftfor transporting passengers and cargo. Such planes are owned by airlines. The definition of an airliner variesfrom country to country, but the common definition is anaircraftwith an empty weight above22,680 kilograms (50,000 lb), with two or more engines.
Contents
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1 History
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2 Types
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2.1 Wide-body jets
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2.2 Narrow-body jets
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2.3 Regional airliners
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2.4 Commuter aircraft
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3 Engines
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4 Airliner variants
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5 Layout
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6 Manufacturers
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7 Notable airliners
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8 Airliner recycling
 
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9 Cabin configurations and features
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9.1 Seats
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9.2 Overhead bins
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9.3 Passenger service units
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9.4 Cabin pressurization
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9.5 Cabin climate control
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10 Baggage holds
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10.1 Narrow-body airliners
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10.2 Wide-body airliners
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11 See also
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11.1 Lists
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11.2 Topics
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12 Notes
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13 External links and references
[edit] History
This section requiresexpansion.If an airliner is defined as a plane intended for carrying multiple passengers in commercialservice, the RussianSikorsky Ilya Muromets was the first official passenger aircraft. The Ilya Muromets was a luxurious aircraft with an isolated passenger  saloon, wicker chairs, bedroom, lounge and a bathroom. The aircraft also hadheatingandelectrical lighting.The Ilya Muromets first flew on December 10, 1913. On February 25, 1914, it took off for its first demonstrationflight with 16 passengers aboard. FromJune 21– June 23, it made a round-trip fromSaint PetersburgtoKievin 14 hours and 38 minutes with one intermediate landing. If it had not been for World War I,the Ilya Muromets would have probably started passenger flights that same year.The second airliner was theFarman F.60 Goliath from 1919, which could seat up to 14  passengers. Approximately 60 were built. It was followed in 1923 by a less successful quad-engineFarman F.121 Jabiru.The third airliner was the little-known Buttcrack Flier. It was manufactured by B&B Aero in November 1919, but was quickly discontinued.TheFord Trimotor was an important early airliner. With two engines mounted on the wings andone in the nose and a slabsided body, it carried eight passengers and was produced from 1925 to1933. It was used by the predecessor to TWAas well as other airlines long after production ceased. In 1932 the 14-passenger Douglas DC-2flew and in 1935 the more powerful, faster, 21– 32 passenger Douglas DC-3. DC-3s were produced in quantity for WWII and sold as surplusafterward.
 
UAL DC-6 at Stapleton Airport, Denver, in September 1966The first jet airliners came in the immediate post war era.Turbojet engines were trialled on  piston engine airframes such as theAvro Lancastrianand theVickers VC.1 Viking the latter   becoming the first jet engined passenger aircraft in April 1948. The first purpose built jetairliners were thede Havilland Comet(UK) and theAvro Jetliner  (Canada). The former entered  production and service while the latter did not. The Comet was unfortunate in that metal fatiguecaused crashes.Jets did not immediately replace piston engines and many designs used theturboprop rather than the turbojet or the later turbofan engines.
[edit] Types
[edit] Wide-body jets
Airbus A330 wide-bodyairliner of  BrazillianairlineTAM Airlines Boeing 757 narrow-bodyairliner of Thomas Cook Airlines, aUnited Kingdom charter airline Main article:Wide-body aircraftThe largest airliners are wide-body aircraftjets. These aircraft are frequently called
twin-aisleaircraft 
because they generally have two separate aisles running from the front to the back of the passenger cabin. Aircraft in this category are the Boeing 747, Boeing 767,Boeing 777, Airbus A300/A310,Airbus A330,Airbus A340, Airbus A380,Lockheed L-1011 TriStar , McDonnell Douglas DC-10,McDonnell Douglas MD-11,Ilyushin Il-86 andIlyushin Il-96.These aircraft
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