ax&0g'rSwfausmuf

arwåm&Sif (a&Tjynfom)

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pmrlciG jhf yKcsutf rSwf - 3201450309

rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 3203530709
xkwfa0jcif; - yxrtBudrf? 2009 ckESpf - Mo*kwfv?
tkyfa& - 5000
rsufESmzHk;'DZdkif; - yef;csD - pdk;&JOD;
rsufESmzHk;ESifhtwGif;yHkESdyf - OD;aZmfjrifh0if; (umvmZHkatmzfhquf)
184 bD? 31 vrf;? yef;bJwef;NrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU/
xkwfa0ol - OD;EdkifrsKd;xGef; (tifyg,mpmay)
trSwf 21^11? pD;yGm;ul;oef;0efxrf;tdrf&m?
OD;0dpm&vrf;? ajrmuf'*Hk? &efukefNrdKU/
pDpOfol - OD;pdk;wifh? OD;qef;xGef;
wefzdk; - 1000 usyf
jzefUcsad &; - a&Tjynfompmay
rEÅav;ausmif; OygoumtzGJU
6^10 &yfuGuf? csif;wGif;vrf;
a&TjynfomNrdKUe,f? &efukefwdkif;/
zkef; - 611622? 611457
 rmwdum
rdwfquf - 5
ajrapmifhewfom; jyóem - 9
ravQmhrwif; apmif;BudK;n§if; jyóem - 9
psmefysHvQif &[EÅmxifaomjyóem - 10
yv’ifvk^rvk jyóem - 12
qifcHjrif;cHbk&m; jyóem - 12
Ak'¨\t,l0g'ppfwrf; (0dbZÆ0g') - 15
'u©dPomcg jyóem - 16
&,fjyaom½kyfyGm;awmf - 18
ZrÁKywdcRwfcef;yHkawmf - 20
ausmufqif;wk jyóem - 22
tokbjrifwm r*Fvm - 25
ul;wkdUc jyóem - 27
omoemyGJ jyóem - 30
&ufvnf jyóem - 32
vlav;rsKd; - 38
edAÁmef jyóem - 38
Nidrf;at;rIcsrf;om - 46
vGwfajrmufrIcsrf;om - 48
N*dK[fqdk; jyóem - 53
vu©Pm jyóem - 57
Vif;w jyóem - 60
rsKd;aphrrSef yifroef - 61
wpfoHo&mvHk; rarSmufapcsif - 63
q&maumif;t*Fg 7 csuf - 64
omoemjyK[lonf - 67
azmifa';&Sif;raumif;í wkdufNydKjcif; - 68
"mwfvHk; jyóem - 73
Ak'¨a[mMum; BuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif;av;yg; - 75
xkwfwef;ay:u q&mawmf - 77
tarQmftaMumuf jyóem - 78
aumif;usKd;ay;wm apwem - 81
ckwaf jymif;&Si;f vif;MuygpUkd
d bk&m;omoem? "GefU&SnfMumzdkU
bmomAk'¨? ax&f0g'wdkU
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aMumif;xdkxdkjy? ESpfumvwkdU
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ra*¾vrf;ay:? ra&mufavQmfvQif
tMuifoo H &m? oufq;kd Mumvdrhf
ÓPmÓP? orÁK'¨wdkU
a[mMuaxGaxG? jrwf"ar®udk
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tjrifoefzUkd ? &nfoefpw d &f nf
a&;om;NyD;wnfh . . /

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d zkd iG ?hf em;udpk iG íhf
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wuf&SdefMumanmif;? t,la[mif;udk
vrf;aMumif;&Si;f vif;MuygpdUk /

wynf&h [ef;awmfwpfyg;
 rdwfquf
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zwf&ojzif?h q&mawmfa[mMum;awmfral om w&m;awmfrsm;udk emMum;rSwo f m;&onft h wGuf wynfh
awmfwdkUonf vGefpGmwefzkd;&SdNyD; rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ wefzdk;jzwfír&aom todynmrsm;ESifh tawG;
tac:A[kokwrsm; &&Sdjcif;aMumifh q&mawmfudk aus;Zl;txl;wif&Sdygonf/ }}
]]q&mawmfonf w&m;a[mMum;&mwGif w&m;emy&dowfrsm; pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;
atmif? w&m;em,lorl sm; em;vnfv, G af tmif a[mMum;Edik o
f vd?k pma&;om;&mwGiv f nf; &oajrmuf
aom 0w¬Kwpfyk'fudk zwf½I&ouJhodkU Ak'¨pmayrsm;udk okwvnf;&ap? &ovnf;ajrmufap&ef txl;
BudK;pm;NyD; *½kpdkuftyifyef;cHa&;om;ojzifh q&mawmfa&;om;aom pmrsm;onf "r®pmayrsm;jzpfap
umrl pmzwfy&dowftay:xm;&Sad om q&mawmf\ arwåmapwemaMumifh zwf½rI o d wl ikd ;f udk qGaJ qmif
Edkifaom pGrf;tif? rysif;r&dESifhzwf½Ivdkaom pdwfqE´&Sdap&ef uRrf;usifvdr®maom ta&;tom;rsm;
aMumifh bmoma&;pmayudk pdwrf 0ifpm;olrsm;yif zwf½v I mMuum xdu k of ifah omw&m;tod? "r®ow k
rsm;udk &&SdcJhMuojzifh q&mawmfudk txl;aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf/}} ponfjzihf q&mawmfxH te,fe,f
t&yf&yf&Sd pmzwfy&dowfrsm;? w&m;emy&dowfrsm;omru EkdifiH&yfjcm;rS pmzwfy&dowfrsm;uyg
pmESifhwpfzHk? w,fvDzkef;jzifhwpfoG,f? vludk,fwdkifvma&mufíwpfenf; avQmufxm;vmMuygonf/
q&mawmfa[mMum;aom w&m;awmfrsm;? a&;om;aom "r®pmayrsm;udk taMumif;jyKNy;D
w&m;todrsm; "r®okwrsm; xdkufoifhovdk &oGm;onfhtwGuf te,fe,ft&yf&yfodkU tyifyef;cH<u
a&mufNyD; w&m;a[maeol q&mawmftaeESifhvnf;aumif;? q&mawmfa&;om;aom "r®pmayrsm;udk
pDpOfxkwfa0aeonfholrsm;taeESifhvnf;aumif; rsm;pGm0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf&ygonf/
xdkUaMumifh q&mawmf\ pmtkyfrsm;udk zwf½INyD; "r®okw? w&m;todrsm;&&SdNyD;ol pmzwf
y&dwo f wfrsm; bmom? omoemESio hf ufqikd af om avmuDavmukw&å mtod ynmA[kow k rsm; ydrk &kd &Sd
ap&efvnf;aumif;? q&mawmfa&;om;aom pmtkyfrsm;udk rzwf½Izl;ao;ojzihf jzpfrIysufrItpkpkudk
,xmblwusus oHk;oyfwwfaom pGrf;tm;ÓPfenf;yg;um tawG;tac:t,ltqrsm; vGJrSm;ae
olrsm;taejzifh t&m&mudk ,xmblwusus oHk;oyfodjrifEdkifap&ef &nf&G,fNyD; obm0,kwåd tm*r
,kww då Udk jzihf wifjyxm;aom ]] ax&0g'rSwaf usmuf }} trnf&dS q&mawmf\ (31) tkyaf jrmufpmtkyu f kd
xkwfa0vdkufygNyD/
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ppfaq;onfhtaeESifh rSwfausmufwifMunfhjcif;udk qdkvdkygonf/ a&Txnfypönf;wpfckudk a&Ttppf
[kwf^r[kwfodEdkif&ef rSwfausmufay:wGif yGwfwkdufMunfhNyD; rSwfausmufay:wGif usef&Sdaeonfh
a&T0ga&mifrIefuav;rsm;udk i&JrD;ESifhwdkUMunfhygu a&TtppfjzpfvQif xdkt0ga&mifrIefuav;rsm;onf
rSwaf usmufwiG f wifuse&f pfum a&Trppfygu i&Jr;D pm;onf'h Pfurkd cHEikd b f J cd;k taiGUtjzpfajymif;vJum
rSwfausmufay:rS aysmufuG,foGm;ygonf/
 þOyrmudk erlem,lNyD; bk&m;a[m w&m;a'oemrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wif jyKpkxm;aom
usrf;*efrsm;wGifryg? pmayusrf;*efESHUpyfaom u0dtausmfa&S;q&mawmf ax&fBuD;0gBuD;rsm;\ tqdk
trdeUf a[mMum;csurf sm;vnf; r&So d nfjh yif obm0,kw?då tm*r,kwdå uif;rJah om tawG;tac:t,l
tqrsm;udk rSefonf^rSm;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm rodMuaom "r®okwtm; enf;yg;onfh Ak'¨bmom
EG,0f ifqo kd rl sm; acwfvil ,frsm;twGuf þ ]] ax&0g'rSwaf usmuf }} trnf&dS pmtkyu f kd pDpOfxw
k af 0
vdkufygonf/
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onf Ak'¨bmom0if trnfcHxm;aomfjim;vnf; Ak'¨0g'jzpfaom ]ur®óuwm or®m'd|d} ac: rdrd
jyKaomuH\ taMumif;tusKd;w&m;wdkUudk tav;teuf pOf;pm;vufcHjcif;rjyKbJ vGJrSm;aom tawG;
tac:t,ltqrsm;udk obm0usrus ,kwåd&Sdr&Sd? jzpfEdkifrjzpfEdkif csifhcsdefawG;awmjcif;r&SdbJ trsm;
rd;k cg;a&aomuf&mwGif rdryd ga&maESmaomufovdjk zpfae&m? pmzwfy&dowfrsm;ESihf Ak'b ¨ mom0iftrsm;
w&m;aovufcx H m;Muaom tawG;tac:rSm;rsm;? tvGt J ,ltqrsm; yaysmufapvdak om apwemjzifh
þpmtkyfudk a&;om;jcif;jzpfygonf/
obm0,kwdå tm*r,kwu då if;rJNh y;D ,xmblwrusaom t,ltqrsm;udk ykxZk Ofvo l m;
rsm; qkyu f ikd pf vJG ef;onfux kd m;? omoemhE, G 0f if &[ef;&Sit f csKUd yif þvGrJ mS ;aom tawG;tac:rsm;udk
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ayonf/ q&mawmfu, kd af wGUBuKH c&hJ aom jzpf&yfav;onf {&m0wDwikd ;f ? armfuRe;f NrKd Ue,f? 0Jpak us;&GmodUk
w&m;a[m<upOfu BuHKcJh&jcif;yg/
tcsed uf m; n (11)em&DcefU&SNd y;D ? w&m;yGNJ y;D NyjD zpfojzifh q&mawmf tem;,lused ;f pufaeNy/D
uRefawmfESifh 0Jpkq&mawmfwdkUom rtdyfMuao;bJ pum;pNrDajymaeMuonf/ xdktcdkuf "r®pMum0wf
toif;rS trsKd;orD;wpfOD; ausmif;ay:odkU a&;BuD;okwfjym wufvmNyD; -
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aom a,m*DtrsK;d orD;udMk unf&h if; ud, k 0f efaqmiftrsK;d orD;qD pdwaf &mufomG ;onf/ olUcrsm vG,v f ,G f
ulul acsmacsmarmarmrS arG;Ekdifyghrvm;/ ]a,mufsm; azmifpD;? rdef;r rD;ae} qdkonfh pum;&Sdonf?
opfqGJazmif tvkyform;rsm;ESifh tdrfaxmif&Sifrdef;rrsm; rD;zGm;&mwGif BuHKawGU&wwfaom tEÅ&m,f
rsm;udk EIdif;,SOfwifjyxm;onfh tqdktrdefUjzpfonf/ wu,fawmh ...
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rsm;u jyKjyifa&;qGJoifhyg\/

ravQmhrwif; apmif;BudK;n§if;jyóem
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z,f&Sm;ypf&rnfjzpf\/

t½dk;uGif;qufçcsdwfquf jyóem
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psmefysHvQif &[EÅmxifaom jyóem

Ak'¨bmom0if trsm;pkonf aumif;uifrS ysHvmaom &[ef;awmfwdkif;udk ]&[EÅm} csnf;
xifwwf\/ tusOf;csKyf rSwfom;&rnfrSm ]aumif;uifrSmysHEdkifwdkif; &[EÅmr[kwf? &[EÅmwdkif;vnf;
aumif;uifrSm rysHEdkif} [laom tcsufyifjzpf\/ aumif;uifwGif ysHEkdifaomolonf oHk;OD;&Sd\/ aq;?
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psmeftbdnmOf&aom &[ef;tcsKUd aumif;uifwiG yf sEH ikd \ f / ,cktcg t0Dpid &Jü uscaH e&
aom ]a'0'wf&[ef;}onf oHCmoif;cGaJ omuHukd rjyKr?D bk&m;&Sit f m; aoG;pdr;f wnfatmif rvkyrf u D
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psmeftbdnmOf&aom &[EÅmrsm; aumif;uifwGif ysHEdkifMu\/ psmeftbdnmOf r&aom
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rnfrSm aumif;uifysHEdkifjcif;onf psmef\wefcdk;r[kwf? tbdnmOf\ wefcdk;omjzpfonf/ psmefESifh
tbdnmOfonf rwlay/ psmefonf wd[dwfyk*¾dKvfwdkif; &Edkifaomfvnf; tbdnmOfum; wd[dwfyk*¾dKvf
jzpf½HkESifh r&/ tm[m&"mwf tm;aumif;NyD; udk,fcE¨mawmifhwif;cdkifrmzdkUvnf; vdktyf\/
psmeft*Fgig;yg; &Sdaom yxrpsmef/
psmeft*Fgav;yg; &Sdaom 'kwd,psmef/
psmeft*FgoHk;yg; &Sdaom wwd,psmef/
psmeft*FgESpfyg; &Sdaom pwkw¬psmef/
psmeft*Fgwpfyg; &Sdaom yÍörpsmef/ [k ig;rsKd;&Sdonf/
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hf & arwåm?
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vufawGU ESpfckvHk;jyygtHh/ rZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmf? "eÍÆmeDokwftzGifhü "eÍÆmeDykPÖm;BuD;onf aocgeD;
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k &å mudyk ifNh y;D w&m;em\/ t&Sio f m&dywk &å mu arwåmyGm;rsm;enf;udk a[mMum;
ay;awmfrl\/
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aoaomaMumifh yxrpsmefjA[®mb h o kH Ukd a&muf&\/ xdt k aMumif;udk Ak'o ¨ ad wmfral omtcg ]r*fzv kd &f Edik f
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0dyóemw&m;udk a[mcdkif;awmfrl\/
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r*fzdkvfudk &oGm;\/ xdktcgrSaemuf t&Sifom&dykwå&monf w&m;a[monfhtcgwdkif; opömav;yg;?
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psmef&yHkudk tvkyfESifhn§dí vufawGUjytHh/
arwåmbm0emudk psmef&atmif yGm;rsm;vdkolonf rdrdudk,fupí yGm;rsm;&\/ NyD;vQif
rdrdtay:wGif aus;Zl;trsm;qHk;? rdrdtcspfjrwfEdk;qHk;yk*¾dKvf? NyD;vQif rcspfrrkef; tv,ftvwfyk*¾dKvf?
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ac:\/
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arwåmyGm;aecsdefwGif tvGefcsrf;om\/ þonfudk ]okc}[k ac:\/ arwåmyGm;aecsdefwGif pdwfonf
arwåmcH,o l tl ay:ü wnfMunfae\/ þonfukd ]{u*¾wm}[k ac:\/ xd{k u*¾wm apwoduu f ykd if
]orm"d}[kvnf; ac:Mu\/
qdtk yfcNhJ y;D aom psmeft*Fgig;yg;ESihf jynfph akH ecsed u
f kd ]yxrpsmef&onf}[k ac:\/ xdyk xr
psmef&½Hrk Qjzifh ajrvQK;d rd;k ysH ud,
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atmif tpOftwdik ;f tpkeyf mG ;rsm;Edik \ f / wpfzef yÍörpsmefrS yxrpsmeftxda&mufatmif tqefvnf;
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aumif;uifysHEdkifonf[k cGJjcm;rSwfom;&rnf/
 yv’ifvk^rvk jyóem
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tm;jzifh rm&fewfu bk&m;avmif;\yv’ifudk vma&mufvkonf[kom a&;Mu? ajymMu\/ trSefum;
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[laom t"d|mefudk ysufpD;ap&ef vma&mufaESmuf,Sufjcif;om jzpf\/
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jyifü wdoE¨dyv’if (wifyv’if)udk zGJUacGum xdkifaeawmfrl\)[k jzpf\/
rSwfcsuf/ / wdoE¨yd v’u?ø oH;k yg;aom tquftpyf&adS om xuf0,fzUJG acG aexdik af wmf
rljcif; - [lonfrSm aygifESifh'l;wdkU\ tquftpyf ESpfyg;? aygif&if;ESifhcg;wdkU\ tquftpyf wpfyg;?
aygif; (3)yg; jzpf\/
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xif&mS ;\/ yGiahf wmfrw l ikd ;f aom bk&m;&Siw f Ukd \ wlnaD omjzpfpOf ("r®wm) 30 &S\ d / xd"k r®wm (30)wdUk
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tu,fí þAk'a¨ *gwrrSmrS wpfq,fah v;awmif tjrifah qmifaom yv’iBf u;D ay:ayguf
vmonfqykd gu qdck NhJ y;D aom bk&m;avmif;vsmwdUk \ "r®wmESihf qefUusiaf eayrnf/ xdUk aMumifh rm&fewf
yv’ifvkonf qdkjcif;rSm r[kwfyg[lí (6-2-2003)aeUxkwf jrefrmhtvif; owif;pmwGif uxdu
&[ef;u ]oHk;yg;&wem tbdÓPfzGifh "r®uxm} aqmif;yg;wGif ajz&Sif;a&;om;xm;\/

qifcH? jrif;cHbk&m; jyóem

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awmfudk EIdif;csdef pOf;pm;oifh\/
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awmfrsm;udk rxkvkyfoifhaMumif; xif&Sm;\/
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taMumif;jyKNyD; avmbjzpfaeonfum; obm0rusyg/ Ak'¨onf vlom;rsm; avmb? a'go? arm[
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rxm;oifh rqHk;jzwfEdkif jzpfMu\/ xdkUaMumifh ql;avapwDawmf Mo0g'gp&d, q&mawmfBuD;rsm;udk
yifhzdwfí xdktaMumif;udk ar;jref;avQmufxm;Mu\/
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wdkUawmif &SdaeNyD[myJ? tck Oa'gif;cHbk&m;qdkwmvnf; txl;tqef; r[kwfawmhygbl;}[k rdefUawmfrl
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vTwfwrf; toHk;jyKae&onfh ]okawoe o½kyfjytbd"mef} usrf;jyK zsmyHkwdkufopfq&mawmf t&Sif
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Mu\/
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oHk;yHk? edum,fig;&yfudk avQmufMunfhvdkufwJhtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif udk,fawmfjrwf wd&pämefwpfaumif
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jrwfpmG bk&m;[m c&D;b,favmufyifa0;a0; acscRw&f r,fh a0ae,stwGuf tcsed rf w D ,f
qdk&if ajcvQif<uwmyJ rsm;ygw,f? a0ae,stwGuf ajcvQif<uvdkU tcsdefrrDavmufbl; qdk&ifawmh
tbdnmOfwefcdk;eJU <uygw,f/ wd&pämefay:udk wufpD;zdkUrajymeJU? wd&pämef uxm;wJh,mOfudkawmif
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 'Dvkd tmywfynwfNy;D wm;awmfr&l wmu owå0gtm;vH;k ay:rSm tnDtrQxm;awmfrw l hJ
]r[mu½kPmawmf} aMumifhyJ jzpfygw,f/ ½dk;½dk;u½kPm r[kwfygbl;/ r[mwyfxm;wJh ]BuD;us,fwJh
u½kPm} yg/ 'D r[mu½kPmBuD;aMumifhyJ av;oacsFurÇmwpfodef;Mumatmif tqif;&J tyifyef;cHNyD;
yg&rDawmfawGudk jznfhqnf;awmfrlcJhwmyg/
'Dr[mu½kPmawmfBuD;udk tav;*½krjyKvdkU r&ygbl;/ wd&pämefpD;aewJh yHkawmfawGudk
xkvkyfa&;qGJjcif;tm;jzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;&JU owå0gwdkif;tay:xm;wJh r[mu½kPmawmfudk xdcdkuf
apmfum;&m a&mufygw,f/
bmomjcm;rsm;uvnf; 'DvdkyHkrsKd;awGudk MunfhNyD; ]Ak'¨[m owå0gtm;vHk;tay:rSm oem;
u½kPm&Sw d ,fvnf; ajymao;w,f? wd&pämefay: wufp;D wmyJvm;}qdw k hJ ar;cGe;f rsK;d eJU axmufjyvmEdik f
ygw,f/
'DOa'gif;cH½yk u
f kd vufoifch NH y;D xm;vdu
k rf ,fq&kd if aemiftcgrSm usm;cHwhJ ½kyyf mG ;rsK;d awG?
orifcHwJh ½kyfyGm;rsKd;awG tawmrowfatmif ay:vmEdkifygw,f/ 'DtcsufawGaMumifh Oa'gif;cHwJh
½kyfyGm;udk 'Dtwdkif; tylaZmfcHrxm;zdkU ajymMum;vdkygw,f}}
q&mawmf\ obm0usvaS om Mo0g'aMumifh a*gyuvlBu;D rsm;onf Oa'gif;udzk ,fxm;
NyD; ½kyfyGm;awmfcsnf;oufoufomvQif ,ckxufwdkif tylaZmfcHxm;ygonf/
F bmom0g'? rwlMuí
avmutwGif;? jiif;ckefjcif;jzihf
qif;&Ju 'ku©? a&mufukefMu\/
F 0g't,l? rSm;cJhrlum;
qlqlAk'¨? u,fr&onfh
av;0yg,fbHk? ab;awGUBuHKvdrfh/
F aphpHkÓPfjzifh? arQmfaxmufcsifhum
wpfqifhMum;od? rd½dk;zvm
aumvm[v? usrf;pmrQESifh
BuHqenf;rSD? qDavQmfoHk;oyf
,lcsif;xyfí? ,HktyfolyJ
q&mpGJjzifh? vTJyHkpdwfcs
r,lMuvifh/
F 'd|usifhBuH? udk,fydkifÓPfjzifh
rSm;rSefaumif;qdk;? odatmifBudK;[k
rsKd;umvmr? a[mñTefjy
0g't,lppfwrf;ay/ /
(t&SifZeumbd0Ho)
 Ak'\
¨ 0g'onf a0befyikd ;f jcm;Ny;D rS vufc&H aom 0g'jzpf\/ ]0dbZÆ0g'}[k ac:\/ auo
rkwådt&yfü aeMuaom umvmrtEG,f0ifwdkUonf udk,fhbufudk,ufaom t,l0g'&SifawG aygrsm;vS
ojzifh rnfonfht,l0g'udk ,l&rnf[k rqHk;jzwfEdkif jzpfaeaMumif; Ak'¨udk avQmufxm;Mu\/ xdktcg
Ak'¨u -

Ak'¨\ t,l0g'ppfwrf; (0dbZÆ0g')

umvmrtEG,f0if trsKd;om;wdkU ...
oifwkdUonf t,l0g'wpfckudk -
(1) wpfqifhMum;od½HkrQjzifhvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
(2) rd½dk;zvmvufcHaom t,ljzpf½HkeJUvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
(3) aumvm[vtMum;eJUvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
(4) usrf;pmeJU udkufnD½HkrQeJUvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
(5) BuHqí odjcif;rsKd;eJUvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
(6) enf;rSDí ,ljcif;rsKd;jzifhvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
(7) qDavQmfonf[k oHk;oyfrd½HkrQjzifhvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
(8) t,lcsif; xyfrd½HkrQjzifhvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
(9) ,Hktyfol&JUpum; jzpf½HkrQjzifhvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
(10) q&mpGJeJUvnf; trSefvdkU r,lMueJU/
vufawGUusio hf ;kH vdUk aumif;usK;d awGvnf; &r,f? ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;awGvnf; cs;D rGr;f
r,fq&kd if 'Dt,l0g'rsK;d udk aumif;w,fvUkd owfrw S yf g/ usio
hf ;kH Munfv h Ukd raumif;usK;d awGvnf; &r,f?
ynm&So d al wmfaumif;awGuvnf; uJ&h UJ r,fq&kd if 'Dt,l0g'rsK;d udk raumif;bl;vdUk owfrw S Nf y;D y,fyg[k
rdrdt,l0g'buf? olwpfyg; t,l0g'buf b,fbufrS rvdkufbJ ajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGm
a[mMum;awmfrcl \ hJ / xdUk aMumifh Ak'\ ¨ wynfo h m0ujzpfaom Ak'b ¨ mom0ifrsm;onfvnf; ajymwkid ;f
r,HkbJ qef;ppfa0befaom0g'udk vufudkifxm;Mu&rnf jzpf\/ wjcm;0g'rsm;ESifh rwlaom Ak'¨\0g'
onfum; MunfnKd ,MkH unfaomo'¨gESihf a0befqef;ppfaomynmudk tcsK;d usepGm aygif;pyfxm;jcif;yif
jzpf\/
usebf momrsm;wGif ,HMk unfr(I o'¨g)udo k m vufc\ H / a0befqef;ppfr(I ynm)udk vufrcH
acs/ Ak'u¨ o'¨gwpfcw k nf;jzifh &rf;r,H&k ? a0befqef;ppfaom ynmudk toH;k jyK&rnf[k a[mMum;\/
tjcm;bmomrsm;um; a0befqef;ppfjcif;rjyK? o'¨gwpfcw k nf;jzifh rsupf rd w Sd ,
f MkH unf&rnf[k qH;k rxm;
Mu\/ tcsKdUEdkifiHrsm;rSm bmoma&;udk a0befqef;ppfvQif xdkoltm; ao'Pfyif ay;Mu\/
26-12-2002 aeU? eHeuf 6;45 rdepfcefUu bDbpD rD v S iT ahf om owif;wpfy'k u f kd em;axmif
vdu
k &f \/ owif;rSm ]]tD&ef ordik ;f ygarmu©wpfa,mufonf vli,frsm; tpövmrfbmomudk rsupf rd w dS f
r,HMk unfoifb h J qef;ppfa0befoifah Mumif; a[mMum;ojzifh w&m;½H;k u ao'Pfcsrw S af Mumif;? ao'Pf
csrSwfavmufaom tjypfr[kwfojzifh wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;u 0dkif;0ef;qE´jyMuojzifh ao'Pf
ay;jcif;udk jyefvnfqef;ppfaeaMumif;}} owif;yif jzpf\/
 Ak'¨t,l0g'ESifh uGmjcm;aypG/
Ak'0¨ g'onf ]0dbZÆ0g'}jzpfaomfvnf; xd0k b d ZÆ0g'udk vufuikd x f m;olum; tawmfenf;\/
xdkenf;onfhtxJrS wpfa,mufaomoludkum; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; awGUvdkuf&\/ xdkolum; a&Tjynfom
NrdKUe,f? 5^5 &yfuGufrS OD;odef;a&Tqdkaom trsKd;om;BuD;wpfa,mufyif jzpf\/
½kycf E¨m BuUH cdik af wmifw
h if;&ef tm[m&aumif;rsK;d pHu
k kd pm;aomufay;&ouJo h Ukd pdwcf E¨m
BuHUcdkifawmifhwif;&ef pmtkyfaumif;rsKd;pHkudk zwf½Iay;&rnf/ pmzwfzdkU pmoifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ pmwwf
vsuf pmrzwfolonf pmrwwfolESifh twlwlomjzpf\/ qif;&J'ku©taygif; jzpf&onfh taMumif;&if;
onf rodrI (t0dZmÆ )aMumifh jzpfojzif?h pmiwf? ayiwf? todiwfonfh rwfwwfajcmufaom opfyifvkd
jzpfae&aom vlrsm;pktwGuf cdkudk;&m vlxkwuúodkvf? odkUr[kwf ]jynfolUpmMunfhwdkufrsm;} ay:xGef;
&SifoefvmzdkU BudK;pm;MuygpdkU/
(trsKd;om;pmMunfhwdkufrSL;? OD;cifarmifwif)
12^8^94 xkwf? aMu;rHkowif;pm-rS

'u©dPomcg jyóem
azmfjyyg 'óepmydk'fav;rsm;\ wGef;tm;aMumifh OD;odef;a&Tonf &orQtm;vyfcsdefrsm;
wGif pmayrsKd;pHkudk zwf½I\/ toufig;q,feD;vmNyD jzpfaomaMumifh bmoma&;pmayudk t"duxm;
zwf\/ bmoma&;r*¾Zif;rsm;u ay;aom ax&0g'tvif;tm;aMumifh MunfndKp&m wpfuGufrSr&SdbJ
yHkysufyef;ysufjzpfaeaom 'u©dPomcgbk&m;qif;wkawmftaMumif;udk awG;ac:pOf;pm;rdvm\/
tdrfodkU qGrf;cH<uvmaom ausmif;xdkifq&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;tm; xdktaMumif;udk ar;
avQmuf\/ pmaywwfuRrf;jcif;? avhvmjcif; r&Sdaom q&mawmfBuD;um; bmrQ rajzEkdifcJh/ xdkurS
wpfqifh OD;odef;a&Tonf uREkfyfoDwif;oHk;aexdkif&mausmif;odkU a&mufvmcJhNyD; atmufygar;cGef;wdkUudk
ar;jref;av\/
ar;/ / q&mawmf? 'u©dPomcgqdkwJh trnf[m b,fuaeNyD; pjzpfvmwmvJ bk&m;? 'du©dP
omcg&JU t"dyÜg,fua&m bmygvJbk&m;/
ajz/ / 'u©dP - uç awmifbuft&yfudk a[mw,f/ omcg - uawmh tudkif;udk a[mw,f/
ESpcf ak ygif;awmh ]'u©Pd omcg} qdw k m awmifbufutudik ;f yJaygh/ 'Dtrnf[m oD&"d r®maomurif;Bu;D
vufxufu pjzpfcJhw,f/ aemifwpfcsdef tdE´d,rSm Ak'¨omoemuG,faysmufNyD; wjcm;EkdifiHawGrSm
omoemwnfrmS udk jrifawmfrw l hJ &[EÅmrsm;u oD&"d r®maomurif;Bu;D udk ud;k wkid ;f ud;k Xme omoemjyK
apvTwfzdkU wdkufwGef;awmfrlMuw,f/
omoemjyK <uawmfrl&mrSm oD[dkVfuRef;udk<uzdkU oD&d"r®maomurif;BuD;&JU om;awmf
t&Sirf [mr[dEr´ ax&feUJ orD;awmfoCFrw d aå x&DwUkd u wm0ef,Ml uw,f/ t&Sirf [mr[dE&´ UJ wlawmf
udk&ifwpfyg;vnf; ygoGm;ygw,f/ oD[dkVfudk omoema&mufoGm;wJhtcsdefrSm oD[dkVfbk&ifu aAm"dyif
ylaZmfyg&apvdkU awmif;yefwJhtwGufaMumifh t&d|trwfu aAm"dyifyifhzdkU tdEd´,udkoGm;w,f/
 &[EÅmrax&frsm;&JU ñTefMum;csuft& oD&"r®maomurif;BuD;u aAm"dyif&JU awmif
bufu tudik ;f jywfapvdw k ahJ e&mrSm a&TunpfeUJ a&;jcpfvu kd yf gw,f/ a&;jcpfvu kd w
f meJU aAm"duikd ;f [m
tvdkvdkjywfusNyD; toifhpD&ifxm;wJh a&Tzsif;tdk;xJrSm wnfygw,f/
tJ'vD kd aAm"dyif&UJ awmifbufu tudik ;f ud, k Nl y;D wqifph u kd yf sK;d cJwh thJ wGuaf Mumifh oD[Vkd u f
aAm"dyifudk ]'ud©Pomcg}vdkU ac:w,f/ aemifESpfaygif;rsm;pGmMumvdkU oD[dkVfuaAm"dyif aowJhtcg
trSww f & ylaZmfMu&atmif bk&m;yHak wmf xkvyk Mf u&muae ]'u©P d omcgbk&m;}qdNk y;D jzpfvmwmygyJ/
ar;/ / 'guawmh &Sif;ygNyD bk&m;/ qufar;csifwmu yg&rDoHk;q,fudk toufygtaocHNyD;
jznhq f nf;cJwh t
hJ wGuf tavmif;awmfrsm; bk&m;jzpfwt hJ cg jyKvyk cf w hJ hJ ukov kd af wGu tpGr;f uket f usK;d
ay;MuvdUk vlUavmu rajymeJU? ewfawG jA[®mawGxufawmif bk&m;&Siu f toyÜg,fq;kH vdUk pmawGxrJ mS
zwfzl;ygw,f bk&m;/
ajz/ / [kwfygw,f? yg&rDukodkvfawGu aemufxyf tusKd;ay;p&m b0r&SdawmhwJhtwGuf
'Dbk&m;jzpfwJh aemufqHk;b0rSm pkNyHKtusKd;ay;wJh oabmyg/
ar;/ / toyÜg,fqHk; qdkwmuawmh &[ef;oHk;aygh bk&m;/ vloHk;uawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;[m
wpfavmuvH;k rSm tvSq;kH yJb&k m;/ 'Dvt kd oyÜg,fq;kH ? tvSq;kH jzpfwhJ bk&m;&Siyf akH wmf[m 'u©P d omcg
usrS bmhaMumifh *kwfwdkwdk? cg;ukef;ukef; yHkysufyef;ysufBuD; jzpfoGm;&wmvJ bk&m;/ 'DMum;xJ rIdudk;csuf
qdkwmuvnf; ygvdkufao;w,f/ NyD;awmh acgif;rSmvnf; Mumyef;BuD; tkyfxm;ao;w,f/ 'DvdkrsKd;BuD;
xkvkyfoifhygovm; bk&m;/
ajz/ / rxkvkyfoifhygbl;/ bk&m;yHkawmfqdk&if MunfndKp&mtaumif;qHk; yHkawmfudkom xkvkyf
oifhygw,f/ rIdudk;csufwdkU? Mumyef;wdkUuvnf; avmuD*dkPf;q&mawG&JU ñTefMum;csufawGyg/ bk&m;
yHkawmf bmyHkaygufoGm;oGm; udk,fhavmbtvdk jynfh&ifNyD;wmyJqdkwJh ]twåpdwf} aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh
yHkawmfawGygyJ/
ar;/ / Ak'¨&JU ½lyçum,awmfudk xdckdufapwJh 'DvdkyHkawmfrsKd;awGudk xkvkyfolawG? udk;uG,fol
awGrSm tjypfr&Sdbl;vm; bk&m;/
ajz/ / tjypfr&Sdbl;vm;qdkwm tukodkvfrjzpfbl;vm;vdkU ar;wmeJU twlwlygyJ/ 'DyHkpHBuD;
xkvdkuf&if? xkckdif;vdkuf&if Ak'¨&JU ½lyum,awmfBuD; ysufpD;oGm;NyDvdkU rodwJhtwGuf xkvkyfwJholawG?
xkvkyfcdkif;NyD; udk;uG,fwJholawGrSm tjypfr&Sdygbl;/
tckvo kd Nd y;D wJah emuf 'Dyq
kH ;kd yef;qd;k yHBk u;D udk qufvufxv k yk af eMur,f? qufvuf xkvyk f
cdik ;f aeMur,fq&kd ifawmh tjypf&ydS gw,f/ tukov kd f jzpfygw,f/ wjcm;bmom0ifawG jrifomG ;&ifvnf;
]Ak'¨bmombk&m;[m 'Dvdk yHkqdk;qdk;BuD;yJvm;}vdkU ar;vmEdkifygw,f/
aumhaomif;NrdKUrSm w&m;a[maewkef;u yef;ykq&mwpfa,muf vmajymwJh pum;wpf
cGef;udk Mum;vdkuf&wm &ifxJraumif;bJ jzpfoGm;w,f/ ½kyfyGm;vmtyfwJholu ]cg;ukef;ukef; bk&m;
xkay;yg}vdkU ajymowJh/ yef;ykq&mvnf; bmyHkqdkwm rawG;rdwmeJU 'u©dPomcgbk&m;yHkudk udkifjyNyD;
]'DyHkrsKd;vm;}qdkawmh ][kwfw,f}vdkU ajymowJh/
 aemufrsKd;qufopf vli,fawGudk ]wdkUAk'¨bmombk&m;[m cg;ukef;ukef;BuD;yJ}qdkwJh t,l
0g'qdk;BuD; pGJroGm;atmif tckuwnf;u jyKjyifoifhygw,f/

&,fjyaom ½kyfyGm;awmf
1998 ckESpfcefUu tarNidrf;trnf&Sdaom om;zGm;q&mrBuD;wpfOD;onf todrdwfaqG
tdrfwpftdrfwGif &,fvnf;&,f rsufpdvnf;zGifhjyaom ½kyfyGm;awmfwpfql yifhxm;onf/ ,if;½kyfyGm;
awmftm; q&mawmf zl;ajr§mf&efvdkufcJhyg[k yifhojzifh A[kokw&atmif vdkufoGm;cJh\/ yifhxm;aom
tdrfum; olaX;tdrfyif jzpf\/ bk&m;yHkawmfudk Munfhvdkufaomtcg 'u©dPomcgyHkyif jzpfae\/ a&T?
aiG? ausmuf? oH? ywåjrm;wdUk jzifh pDjc,fxm;vdu
k o
f nfrmS vnf; bk&m;yHak wmfyif aysmufvck ref; jzpfae\/
yifholrsm;uvnf; xdkodkU tzdk;wefypönf;rsm;rsm;ygrS *kPf,l0ifh<um;pGm olUxufig yifhMu\/
xdkUaMumifh vlyifhrsm;aom ½kyfyGm;rSeforQwGif &wemrsm; ñGwfaeatmif qifxm;jcif;
jzpf\/ tjrif&tqdk;qHk;um; Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfudk qGJBudK;rsm; xyfaeatmif qGJay;xm;jcif; jzpf\/ a&T?
aiG? ausmuf? oH? ywåjrm;wdkUudk bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkifyif roHk;pGJovdk wynfh&[ef;rsm;vnf; roHk;pGJ
&yg/
xdkodkU a&T? aiGudk y,fxm;aom Ak'¨½kyfyGm;tm; a&T? aiGrsm; ñGwfaeatmif qifjcif;onf
rnfodkUrQ roifhawmfEdkifay/ ,ckuJhodkU odygvsuf &wemrsm;udk qufvufqifjref;aeMuOD;rnfqdkvQif
]Ak'*¨ ½ku - bk&m;udk tav;xm;jcif;} r[kwaf wmh/ ]vmb*½ku- vmbfvmbudk tav;xm;jcif;} om
jzpf\/
Ak'¨*½kuonf bk&m;udkMunfndKaom o'¨g"mwf (ukodkvfw&m;)om jzpf\/ vmb*½ku
um; vmbfudkvdkcsifaom avmb"mwf (tukodkvf)om jzpf\/ ½kyfyGm;ydkif&Sifrsm;onf avmbpaom
udavomuif;aom bk&m;udk taMumif;jyKNy;D rdru d , kd wf ikd f avmbuif;atmif BuKd ;pm;oif\ h / avmb
yGm;atmifum; rjyKvkyfoifhay/
pma&;olwdkUonf ½kyfyGm;awmfudk oHk;em&DcefUMumatmif xdkifzl;aomfvnf; ½kyfyGm;um;
&,fvnf; r&,f? NyHK;vnf; rjyay/ xdkUaMumifh ½kyfyGm;ESifhtwlygvmaom Oygoumudk ar;&\/
]]'umBuD;wdkU ½kyfyGm;u bmrSvnf; vkyfrjyygvm;}}
]]'Dvkd &,fwm? rsupf zd iG w
hf mu tdrw
f ikd ;f rSmawmh rjzpfb;l bk&m;? wcsKUd tdrrf mS yJ jzpfwmyg
bk&m;}}
]]'umBuD;a&? OD;yÍÆif;wdkU Mum;zl;xm;wmu -

]] oHCmñGefnpf? uRHepf[d'´*l
om;cspf&m[k? arQmf½IyHkwl
Munf;ukef;xufodkU? qGJvsufwifol
uRefUxdyfOD;? uGefUjrL;pHawmfrl ...wJh/ }}
 bk&m;&Sif[m a0ae,sowå0g rSeforQudk &ifaoG;&m[kvm uJhodkU wpfwef;wpfpm;wnf;
arwåmxm;awmfrlwmyg/ Ak'¨udk oHk;Budrfwdkifwkdif aoaMumif;BuHcJhwJh a'0'wftay:rSmawmif arwåm
ysufawmf rrlygbl;/
'Dvdk pdwfxm;rQwawmfrlwJh bk&m;&Sifu [dktdrfusawmh rsufvHk;zGifhjy? 'Dtdrfusawmh
zGifhrjyqdk&if rsufESmvdkufovdk jzpfraebl;vm;}}
pum;tqHk;wGif xkdolonf pma&;oludk csKdMunfhvSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/ pma&;olu rjrif[ef
aqmifNyD; onf;cHaevdkuf\/ xdkolonf csKdMunfhMunfhNyD;onfESifh tjyifudk csufcsif;xGufoGm;\/ cP
MumvQif AD'D,dkwpfacGudkifNyD; jyefa&mufvm\/ &ifaumhum ppfatmifEdkifol\ avoHrsKd;jzifh -
]]&,fjywm? rsufpdrdSwfjywmawGudk AD'D,dk½dkufxm;wm &Sdygw,f? t&ifyifhwJhtdrfu Munfh
rNyD;ao;bl;qdkvdkU csufcsif;,lrvmwmyg? tck ,lcJhygNyD? Munfhyg}}
[kqNkd y;D tacGux kd nfv h ukd \ f / cPMumvQif xl;rjcm;em;oDcsi;f oHEiS t fh wl bk&m;bGUJ awmf?
tylaZmfc&H mNrKd U? &yfuu G ?f tdref yH gwfEiS t hf wl &,faeaom bk&m;yHak wmf ay:vm\/ Ak'&¨ iS af wmfjrwfonf
NyHK;½Hkom NyHK;awmfrlavh&Sd\/ atmf[pf&,farmjcif;? rsuf&nfxGufatmif &,fjcif;? a&SUxdk;aemufvef
&,fjcif; [laom vlnHh&,fjcif;rsKd;udk rnfonfhtcgrQ &,fawmfrrlay/
Ak'¨\ tma0Pdu*kPfawmf (18)yg;wGif ]ew¬d&0g - jrL;wl;&,farmjcif; r&Sd} [lí jyqdk
xm;\/ ,ck&,faeaom ½kyfyGm;awmf\yg;pyfonfum; OD;wnfbGm;yg;pyfxufyif us,fOD;rnfxif
onf/ oGm;Bu;D rsm;yif ay:aeonfuakd wGU&\/ AD', D u
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csKdaomrsKd;aphudk pdkufysKd;aomolonf csKdaomtoD;udk pm;&\/ cg;aomrsKd;aphudk pdkufysKd;
aomolonf cg;aomtoD;udk pm;&\/ xdkUtwl aumif;aom ukodkvftrIudk jyKavh&Sdaomolonf
aumif;aomtusKd;udk cHpm;&\/ raumif;aom tukodkvftrIudk jyKavh&Sdaomolonf raumif;aom
tusKd;udk cHpm;&\/
 tokbjrifwm r*Fvm
uREyfk o
f nf 2000ckEpS tf wGi;f u uREyfk af &;aom ]rsu&f nfruscifoad pcsi}f pmtkyrf w S qifh
NrdwfNrdKUe,frS 'umç'umrrsm;\ yifhavQmufrIaMumifh NrdwfNrdKUe,fESifh weoFm&DNrdKUe,fwdkUwGif (88)n
Mumatmif w&m;awmfrsm; a[mMum;cJ&h onf/ xdo k Ukd a[mMum;&if;rS Nrw d Nf rKd Ue,frS &Gmwpf&mG odUk a&muf
&Sd\/ xdk&GmwGif ESpfna[m&ef pDpOfxm;Mu\/
xl;jcm;rIwpfcuk m; &Gm\ocsKØ i;f onf bke;f Bu;D ausmif;aemufrmS &Sad e\/ xdUk aMumifh tokb
csvQif ausmif;0dik ;f xJrS jzwfomG ;Mu&\/ xdt k jzpfukd ausmif;xdik b f ek ;f Bu;D u oabmrus/ wpfaeUcif;wGif
uREfkyfa&SUü toHxGufNyD; NiD;\/
]]OD;Z0ea&? 'Dausmif;rSm ausmif;xdkif&wm usefwm tm;vHk;tqifajyw,f? tokbBuD;
ausmif;0dik ;f xJu jzwfjzwfcswmuawmh r*Fvmudk r&Sb d ;l ? 'gaMumifh 'Dausmif;[m wd;k wufoifo h avmuf
rwdk;wufbl; jzpfaew,f}}
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(10)0gausmaf usmf Bu;D \/ xdUk aMumifh avQmufxm;&rnfrmS tifrwefcufc\ J / q&mBu;D avoH rayguf
atmif ESpfodrfhonfhoabmrsKd;a&mufatmif owdxm;avQmuf&\/
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ocFsKdif;ajrudk jrif&wdkif;? tokbcswmudk jrif&wdkif; ]aMomf igvnf; ao&awmhrSmygvm;}qdkwJh aojcif;
w&m;udk trSwf&wJh ]r&PmEkówdbm0em}udk yGm;rsm;NyD;om; jzpfaewmudk bk&m;}}
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'gaMumifh ]romwpfacguf ausmif;q,facguf} vdkU qdkwmaygh bk&m;}}
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awmfwdkU ajymomajymaeMuwm aocsmrodao;bl;}}
ab;rS 'umwpfOD;u 0ifar;\/
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wnfwJh oDvukodkvfxuf trsm;BuD; omw,fvdkU ajymwmyg? 'gaMumifh q&mawmfrSmvnf; tokb
jrifwdkif; ]r*Fvm} jzpfaewmaygh bk&m;? r*Fvmqdkwm ukodkvfygyJ bk&m;}}
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q&mawmfu xdkodkUtrdefU&Sdvmojzifh uREfkyfrSm tvGef0rf;om&\/ uREfkyfudk qufvuf
ajymapvdkonfh trlt&mudk awGU&ojzifh qufvufavQmufxm;&\/
]]tokbawGU&if r*Fvmr&Sb d ;l ? vmbfww d w f ,fqw kd hJ tjrif[m avmuD*P kd ;f q&mawG&UJ
tjrif? [dEL´ 0g'&JU tjrifawGygbk&m;? Ak'0¨ g'&JU tjrift&awmh ]oHCmhypön;f udak &Smif? tokbypön;f udk
aqmif}vdUk awmif pum;yH&k ydS gw,f/ ul;wdUk cpwJh ta<uaphuakd qmif&if aps;a&mif;aumif;w,fvUkd awmif
t,l&SdMuygw,f}}
 ]]tdyfrufwdw¬HKusrf;awGudk avhvmMunfhwJhtcgrSm vlaoudkjrifrufaomf vmbf&tHhvdkU
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yHokul aumufawmfrlcJhygw,f}}
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rajymeJU tokb,mOfawmif pufcsKdU,Gif;vdkU udk,fhtdrfa&SUrSmvm&yf&if yufyufpufpuf &efawGUwwf
Muw,f bk&m;? 'gaMumifh tokb,mOfawGqdk&if bmomjcm;awG ydkifwmrsm;w,f bk&m;}}
]]jrefrmvlrsKd;awGaowdkif; bmomjcm;awGrSm &HyHkaiGwdk;wmaygh? tJ'D &HyHkaiGawGudkvnf;
bmomjcm;wcsKdUu jrefrmrawGudk jyef,lwJhtcg toHk;csMujyefw,f}}
]][Jh - tJ'gudk jrefrmawG rodMubl;vm;}}
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Bu;D u&Sad eawmh vufyu kd Nf y;D awmhyJ Munfah eMu&w,f? tckawmh 0rf;omtm;wufp&mowif;udk Mum;ae
&ygNyD bk&m;? rEÅav;NrdKU? awmifpvif;wdkufopfq&mawmf OD;wdu©t&Sifoljrwfu tokb,mOfawG
udk,fwdkifwnfaxmifNyD; ausmif;xJrSm xm;ygw,f/
b,folaoao taMumif;Mum;vdkuf&if tcrJh (ukodkvfjzpf) vdkufydkUygw,f? o'¨g&SdvdkU
wwfEdkif&ifvnf; tvSLaiGxnfhcsifoavmuf xnfhvdkU&ygw,f? um;ysuf&if jyif&atmif? aemufxyf
um;pD;a& xyfwdk;vdkU&atmifyg? tckawmh q&mawmf&JU oGefoifqHk;rrIaMumifh 'um? 'umrawGyg
tm;wufoa&m yg0ifvmMuygNyD bk&m;}}
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f mOD;okc OD;aqmifNy;D o½kyaf qmifawGyg tokb,mOf'geudk
jyKaeMuygNy?D om"k ac:p&mygbk&m;? o½kyaf qmif tu,f'rDausmo f q
l &kd if olyikd Nf cu H uG w
f pfcuk kd tokb
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qd&k ifvnf; oH;k av;aomif;rSruke&f if ajrrusawmh taovnf; Muyfwmayghb&k m;? wcsKUd qd&k if aq;½Hrk mS
rdbjzpfol aooGm;&if tokbrcsEikd v f Ukd tavmif;xm;Ny;D xGuaf jy;oGm;Mu&w,fvUkd od&ygw,fb&k m;?
tavmif;&Sifr&Sdawmh aq;½Hku jzpfovdkoN*ØK[f&wmaygh bk&m;}}
]]awmfawmf tjzpfqdk;Muygvm;}}
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toif;awG ay:aygufvmygNyDbk&m;? wpfjynfvHk; ema&;ulnDrItoif;awG wnfaxmifxGef;um;Edkif
MuygapvdkUvnf; qE´jyKqkawmif;rdygw,f bk&m;}}
pdwf0ifwpm; em;axmifaeaom teD;rS 'umu -
]]tJ'Dvdk tavmif;awG oN*ØK[fay;wJhtwGuf b,fvdktusKd;awG &EdkifovJ bk&m;}}
]]&wJh tusKd;awGuawmh trsm;BuD;yg? txl;jcm;qHk; tusKd;uawmh aemifwpfcsdefrSm
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k ek ;f u olwpfyg;tavmif;awGukd
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tckvdk pnf;pdrfcsrf;omtjynfheJU olaX;om;b0rSm ae&ayr,fhvdkU oHa0*ÓPfawG 0ifvmNyD; bk&m;
xHrSm &[ef;jyKvdkufw,f/}}
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aumif;usKd;awGyJaygh}}
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omrmefavmufyJ oabmxm;rdw,f bk&m;}}
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ul;wdkUcjyóem
F ao&Gmumv? a&mufMuaomcg
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ypönf;pkpk? wpfckryg
udk,fjyKxm; uHrsm;ygrnfom/
F txkyfuav;wpfjyifjyif
udk,fhaemufygrnfxif
txkyf&Sif aovdkUoGm;
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bmurSvnf; ygroGm;
ao&Gmusawmh tyg,fvm;
edAÁmefa&mufzdkU tcufom; / /
(wdyd#u"&q&mawmf OD;aumov’)
txufyg uAsmav;udk Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkif; emzl;Mu? Mum;zl;Muyg\/
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k af o&if bmrS ygwmr[kwb f ;l ? 0wfay;vdu
k w
f hJ t0wftpm;u aumif;ae&ifawmif
okb&mZmu cRwf,lvdkufao;w,f? udk,fvkyfxm;wJh ukodkvfyJ udk,fhaemufudk ygrSm/}}
 paom oHa0*pum;rsm;udkvnf; Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkif;vdkvdk ajymqkdzl;Mu\/ þuAsm\
qdv k &kd if;ESihf þpum;\t"dygÜ ,fwUkd rSm bk&m;a[mESihf wpfxyfwnf;usatmif rSeu f ef\/ Ak'b
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wdkUonf em;u rSefuefaomtoHwdkUudk Mum;&NyD;? yg;pyfu rSefuefaompum;udk ajymqdkaeMuaomf
vnf; todÓPfonfum; rSm;,Gif;aom t,ltqwpfckckudk vufcHaewkef;yif jzpf\/
xdtk ,ltqum; ]aool\ yg;pyfxw J iG f ul;wdUk cxnf&h rnf}[laom t,ltqyif jzpf\/
rnfou l pí xGicf o hJ nfrod? ul;wdUk crxnfv h Qiyf if b0ul;raumif;Edik af wmhovdk xifaeMu\/ oHo&m
ul;ajymif;&mwGif ukov kd u f uH aumif;aom ae&modUk ydUk ay;í tukov kd u f u
H raumif;aom ae&modUk
ydkUay;jcif; jzpfonf/
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aMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkU rSwfom;&zl;onfrSm a&S;acwfjrefrmrif;rsm;onf oDvvHkNcHK\/ avmb tvGef
enf;\/ rnforl Q aiGut kd ydtk aejzifh pkaqmif;xm;jcif; r&S/d ypön;f Opöm toH;k tqmifrsm;udk aiGaMu;ESihf
0,f,ljcif; r&SdMubJ vJvS,foHk;aqmifavh&SdMuonf/
xdUk aMumifh avmbenf;Muaom jrefrmwdUk \tv,fwiG f aiGaMu;qdo k nfrmS bmrSwefz;kd &Sd
aomt&m r[kwfMuay/ avmbenf;NyD; oDvvHkNcHKMuaom teD;pyfqHk; jrefrmrsm;taMumif;udk wifjy
&vQif tr&yl&acwfrS bd;k awmfrif;w&m;ESihf jynfot l m;vH;k wdUk onf avmbenf;Ny;D oDvvHNk cKH Muaom
aMumifh oufwrf;jynfh aeMu&\/ tema&m*guif;\/
toufwpf&mjynfrh o S m aoMu&ojzifh tobwpfcEk iS hf BuKH BuKd uzf Ukd &m tifrwefc, J Of;\/
vlwpfa,mufaovQif Budwfwdk;Budwfwdk; MunfhMu&onf qdk\/ xdkodkU vltaoaysmuf tvGefenf;yg;
aomaMumifh ]tr&yl&- aojcif;r&SdaomNrdKU} [k trnfay;xm;jcif; jzpf\/
&Sift&[HESifh taemf&xmrif;wdkU\ aus;Zl;aMumifh ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomppfppfrsm; jzpfMu
ojzifh aoolESifhywfoufí tydkukefusrnfh uumoetvkyfrsm; wpfckrQ rvkyfMuay/ aooltwGuf
wu,ftusKd;&Sdrnfh tvkyfrsm;udkum; [muGufr&Sdatmif jyKvkyfavh&SdMu\/
Oyrmtm;jzifh -
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0w¬KrsKd;pHkudk jynfhpHkatmifvSLum trQtwef; ay;a0avh&Sd\/ wwfEdkifaomolrsm;qdkvQif ausmif;uef
Z&yfrsm;udkyg aqmufvkyfvSL'gef;NyD; trQay;a0\/
use&f pforl sm;u tpm;tpmvSL'gef;Ny;D trQay;a0vQif wpfzufvrl mS tpm;tpmud&k &S\ d /
t0wftxnfvSLNyD; trQay;a0vQif t0wftxnfudk &&Sd\/ taqmuftODay;vSLNyD; trQay;a0vQif
taqmuftODudk &&Sd\/ a&uefudkay;vSLNyD; trQay;a0vQif a&uefudk&&Sd\/ xdktcsufudk aocsmpGm
od&Sdxm;aom a&S;jrefrmBuD;rsm;onf tvSLrsKd;pHkay;vSLNyD; trQay;&efudkom t"duxm;Mu\/
aooltwGuaf &m use&f pforl sm;twGuyf g bmrQtusK;d r&So d nfh tavmif;aumifukd rdwf
uyf? aygif'g jc,fojcif;? "mwfyHkrsm; ½dkufjcif;? 0rf;enf;aMumif; aMumfjimxnfhjcif;? aiGrsm;pGmukefonfh
acgif;yHk;udk jyKvkyfjcif;? tkwf*ljyKvkyfjcif;paom tvkyfwdkUudk wpfckrQ rvkyfay/
 zsma[mif;wpfckESifhywfNyD; vlESpfa,mufxrf;um jrwfurf;pyfwGif oGm;xm;onf/ jrpf
wpfbufurf;&Sd vlolr&SdaomawmBuD;udk okomeftjzpf owfrSwfxm;onf/ jyefcgeD;wGif vlao\
yg;pyfxJwGifvnf; okb&mZmtwGuf [dkbufurf;ydkUc (ul;wdkUc)tjzpf aiGwpfrwf xnfhay;cJhonf/
wcsKUd uvnf; acgif&rf;yef;udk vlao\acgif;wGif yefay;vdu k o f nfEiS hf a&S;jrefrmBu;D wdUk \
oDvwefcdk;aMumifh vlaoonf olUtvdkvdk okomef&Sd&m jrpfurf;pyfodkU xçoGm;onf[k tqdk&Sdonf/
urf;pyfa&mufonfESifh okb&mZmu acgif;rS acgif&rf;yef;udk jzwfvdkufonf/ xdktcg vlaoonf
ajray:odUk vJusomG ;\/ okb&mZmu yg;pyfxrJ S aiGwpfrwfux kd w
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ntcgwGif om;pm;wd&pämefwUkd u vma&mufpm;aomufypfvu kd o f jzifh aooltwGuf 'ge
ukov kd f xyfrjH zpf&ygao;onf/ þ&nf&, G cf sujf zifh tavmif;udk ajrjrK§ yjf cif;? *loiG ;f jcif;? rD;½IUd jcif;wdUk udk
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wpfaxmif touf&Snf\/
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vHNk cKH atmif apmifx h ed ;f xm;Muaom oDvwefc;kd aMumifyh if jzpf\/ ajrmufuRe;f ol ajrmufuRe;f om;rsm;
tm;vH;k onf oDvwefc;kd aMumifh tm;vH;k use;f rmoefprG ;f Ny;D vlacsmvlvaS wGcsn;f jzpf\/ Ak'v ¨ ufxuf
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awGUorQvlrsm;u uav;\yg;pyfxJ rdrdwdkUvuf xnfhay;vdkufzdkUomvdk\/ xdkvufñ§dK;uyif EdkUxGuf
av\/ olwUkd wGif rnfonft h ema&m*grS r&So d jzifh aq;ukp&mvnf; rvdt k yfay/ taqmuftODtwGuf
vnf; udk,fwdkiftdrfaqmufp&m rvdk/ opfyifu tdrfjzpfay;&\/
0wfa&;pm;a&;twGufvnf; ylyifp&m r&Sd/ ya'omyifrsm;u vdk&mudk oD;ay;&onf/
txl;jcm;qHk;um; ajrmufuRef;ol ajrmufuRef;om;wpfa,mufaovQif tyifyef;cHNyD; oN*ØK[fp&mrvdk
ay/ aooltm; t0wfjzLESiyhf wfum &Gmvnf&dS ausmufzsmay:wGif wifxm;vdu k ½f o
kH m &So
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oDvwefc;kd aMumifh {&mriSuBf u;D rsm;u½kyt f avmif;udv k mcsu D m yifv,fxyJ pfcsNy;D oN*KØ [af y;Muonf/
 þtcsuu f kd axmufqí a&S;jrefrmBu;D rsm;\ oDvwefc;kd aMumifh vlaoudk acgif&rf;yef;
yefay;vdkufonfESifh olUtvdkvdk okomef&Sd&modkU xoGm;onfqdkjcif;rSm [kwfEdkifzG,f&Sdonf[k xifrd\/
a&S;acwfu ul;wdkUc xnfhay;onfrSm okb&mZmtwGufomjzpfaMumif; pm½Iolrsm; odavmufayNyD/
,ckacwfwGifum; -
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xnfhp&m rvdkaMumif; xif&Sm;\/
wpfzef oHo&mtwGufvnf; ]ul;wdkUc}ESifh bmrSrqdkif? ]ukodkvf? tukodkvf}ESifhom qdkif
aMumif; xif&Sm;ay:vGifae\/ vlq,fa,mufaovQif aiGESpfusyfcGJ ajrBuD;xJa&mufNyD; tvum;jzpf
&\/ ta,mufwpf&mqdkvQif aiG (25)usyf? ta,mufwpfaxmifqdkvQif aiG(250)usyf? ta,muf
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tusKd;r&SdbJ ajrBuD;xJwGif ysufpD;oGm;&aom aiGrsm;udk awG;rdwdkif; ESajrmp&m aumif;vSawmh\/
rnfonfhaumif;usKd;rS r&Sdaom t,ltqBuD;udk tvQiftjref y,fpGefUEdkifMuygap/

omoemyGJ jyóem
Ak'b¨ mom0ifwUkd \ bk&m;cef;wGif iSuaf ysmig;zD;qdik f uefUawmhyu JG kd tdrt
f awmfrsm;rsm;wGif
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awmfrlaom w&m;awmfrsm;udk&\/
omoemonf yk*Kd¾ vrf [kwaf omaMumifh uefUawmhypJG aom ypön;f rsm;jzifh ylaZmfír&ay/
omoemawmfudk ax&0g'enf;usus ylaZmfvdkvQif -
(1) tukodkvfrSeforQudk rjyKvkyfjcif;/
(2) ukodkvfrSeforQudk jynfhpHkapjcif;/
(3) rdrdpdwfudk jzLpifatmifxm;jcif;/
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r[kwf/ Ak'¨\ ñTefMum;csuftwdkif; a&;om;jcif;jzpf\/
ykPÖm;wpfOD;onf Ak'¨tm; xl;jcm;aomar;cGef;wpfck ar;zl;\/
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wynfhawmfonf w&m;&wemudkvnf; ylaZmfvdkygonf? ñTefMum;ay;awmfrlyg bk&m;}}
 xdktcg Ak'¨u w&m;&wemrsm;udk trsm;qHk; aqmifxm;&m t&SiftmeE´mudk ylaZmf&ef
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Muaom olawmfaumif;rsm;udk ylaZmfyg[k ñTefjycJhjcif; jzpf\/ trSefum; omoemyGJonf *dkPf;q&m
(xGuf&yfayguf)q&mrsm;\ vSnfhuGufwpfckom jzpf\/
avmuDxGuf&yfvrf;onf Ak'¨0g'ESifh bmrQ rywfoufay/ wjcm;pD jzpf\/ Ak'¨u ]cE¨m
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]cE¨mig;yg;udk rysufrpD; tNrJwnfonf}[k ,lq\/ xdkUaMumifh raoatmifqdkNyD; aq;trsKd;rsKd;? tif;
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'ku©}[k a[m\/ xGuf&yfayguf0dZÆmrsm;u ]olwdkUcE¨mudk okc- csrf;omonf}[k ,lq\/ xdkUaMumifh
touf&n S &f n
S af e&jcif;udk ESpo f ufMujcif; jzpf\/ Ak'u¨ ]cE¨mig;yg;udk tewå-tpd;k r&? ud, k yf ikd rf [kwf
tESpfom& r&Sd}[k jy\/
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,lq\/ Ak'¨0g'ESifh rnfrQuGmjcm;aeygoenf;/ odkUaomf olwdkUonf ]igwdkU xGuf&yfvrf;pOfonf Ak'¨
0g'ESifh bmrQrqdkif? wpfvrf;pDjzpfonf}[k raMunm&J/
xdkodkUom jywfjywfom;om; aMunmvdkufvQif Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; olUwdkUaemufodkU ygMu
awmhrnf r[kw/f xdt k cg pdak eaom olwUkd EIwcf rf;rS qDrsm;vnf; ajcmufomG ;Muayvdrrfh nf/ xdUk aMumifh
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vrf;pOfudk Ak'¨0g'ESifh twljzpfoa,mif aejyMu\/
Ak'¨\ om0um;rsm;udk olwdkU\ om0ursm;jzpfatmif odrf;oGif;enf;uvnf; tifrwef
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aMumifh jzpf\/
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aiGawG txkyfvdkuf 0ifvmvdrfhr,f? b,fae&mrSm tbemrnfeJU apwDwnfay;yg}[lí tdyfrufrS
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aumif;usKd;udk olay;vdkU&aom aumif;usKd;[lí tacsmifemrnf0if,ljcif; jzpf\/
Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkUum; xdkrQtxd rawG;Edkif? rdrdwdkU\ 'ge? oDv? bm0emESifh uH? ÓPf?
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ae&mwGif ]bdk;awmf o&PH *pämrd? tb o&PH *pämrd} jzpfum o&P*Hk n§dK;EGrf;oGm;&awmh\?? txl;
owdxm;oifhaypG/
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ylaZmfcdkif;ovdkvdkESifh olwdkUudk ylaZmfcdkif;jcif;jzpf\/ orxbm0emyGm;rsm;olrsm;udk jzpfap? 0dyóem
bm0em yGm;rsm;olrsm;udk jzpfap w&m;&&ef orm"dav;wufvmonfESifh olwdkUxGuf&yfayguf 0dZÆm
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trnfcH ]0dZmÆ yG}J udvk nf; xdak eUrSpí rwifawmhay/ omoemawmfukd xdxad &mufa&muf ylaZmfjcif;um;
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r*fÓPf? zdkvfÓPfudk &apr,fh 0dyóemw&m;udk emMum;tm;xkwfvdkU &EdkifwJh tcsdef
umvudkom ]omoemwGif;}vdkU ac:wmyg/ tck omoemESpfaygif; 2546 ESpf ukefoGm;NyD/
aemufxyf omoemESpaf ygif; 2464 ESpyf J useaf wmhw,f? ]omoemESpaf ygif; 2000ausmf
BuD; usefao;wmyJ} qdkNyD; at;at;aq;aq; raevdkufygeJU/
usefwJh omoemESpfaygif; 2000 ausmf[m rdrdeJU b,favmufqdkifw,fqdkwm aoao
csmcsm pOf;pm;yg/ 'DaeUaoNyD; tyg,fusoGm;&if eufjzefomoem[m udk,feJUrqdkifawmhygbl;/
omoem[m udk,fraocif em&Dydkif;? &ufydkif;avmufyJ qdkifwmyg/ 'gaMumifh taorOD;
rDrSm ÓPfOD;atmif BudK;pm;yg/
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cP em;cdMk u\/ cHwk ef;&Snrf sm;ESihf aomufa&td;k pifwpfcu
k kd pDraH y;xm;jcif;aMumifv h nf; vly*k Kd¾ vrf sm;
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a&xuf aumif;onf[k csD;rGrf;Mu\/
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ESpq
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vdkufygvmcJhMu\/
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oabmygvdrfh}[k uREfkyfyif awG;r&atmif jzpfoGm;ojzifh xkwfazmfar;vkduf&\/
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 uREfkyf pum;aMumifh olwdkUaomursm; w'*FaysmufoGm;NyD; &,farmMuonf/ olwdkU ae
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wpfa,mufu pdwf0ifwpm; ar;cGef;wpfck ar;vm\/
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jrifwmu ½kyf? odwmu emrf?
Mum;wmu ½kyf? odwmu emrf?
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pm;wmu ½kyf? odwmu emrf?
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odwwfwJh emrfw&m;uawmh wpfpuúefUrSm tBudrfaygif; uka#wpfodef; jzpfysufaeMu
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a&;rxm;yg/ pmayA[kokw &Sdaomolrsm;twGuf tajzrSm rcJ,Of;[kom azmfjyxm;\/
pmayA[kow k r&So d rl sm;twGuu f m; cJ,Of;aom ar;cGe;f wpfcyk if jzpf\/ Ak'b ¨ mom0if
wdkif;vnf; taotcsm odoifh\/ xdkUaMumifh pdwf&Snf&Snfyif &Sif;jy&\/
ykxkZOfawG ao&if a&mufEdkifwJhbHk ig;rsKd;&Sdw,f/
(1) vlUbHk a&mufEdkifw,f/
(2) ewfbHk a&mufEdkifw,f/
(3) i&JbHk a&mufEdkifw,f/
(4) NydwåmbHk a&mufEdkifw,f/
(5) wd&pämefbHk a&mufEdkifw,f/
]]tol&um,feJU jA[®bHka&m ra&mufEdkifbl;vm; bk&m;}}
]]a&mufEdkifygw,f? jA[®bHkudk ewfbHkxJrSm aygif;xnfhxm;w,f? tol&um,fbHkudk Nydwåm
bHkxJrSm aygif;xnfhxm;w,f? ygVdvdk a'0o'´g[m jA[®mudkvnf; a[mEdkifw,f? tol&um,fqdkwm
NydwåmtBuD;pm;yJ? 'gaMumifh NydwåmbHkxJrSm xnfhxm;wm}}
]][dkbuf bHktopfrSm oGm;jzpfwJhtcg 'Dbufb0u ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;awG wpfckrS
ygroGm;Mubl;? topf xyfjzpf&Muwm? 'Db0u aeUcif; (12)em&Du aor,fqdk&if [kdbuf vlUb0
rdcif0rf;xJrSm (12)em&DwdwdrSmyJ oGm;jzpfw,f? ½kyfopfemrfopf topfjzpfwmudk ajymwmaemf? 'Dbuf
b0u 0dnmOfaumifav;u [dkbufb0 rdcif0rf;xJ 0ifoGm;wmvdkU xifraeeJUOD;}}
]]'gqdk&if aooGm;wJh tbGm;u vljzpfoGm;r,fqdk&if wynfhawmfwdkU ay;wJhtrQudk om"k
rac:Edkifawmhbl;aygh bk&m;}}
]][kwfw,f? rac:Edkifawmhbl;? 'gayr,fh 'DukodkvfawGu tvum;jzpfroGm;ygbl;? 'Duk
odvk &f UJ aumif;usK;d udk jyKwohJ al wG cHpm;&r,f? b0tqufqufu awmfpyfczhJ ;l wJh ruRwrf vGwaf o;wJh
aqGrsKd;a[mif;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f? olwdkUwawGuvnf; om"kac:Edkifw,f/
aqGrsK;d rawmfwhJ wjcm;ruRwrf vGwo f al wGvnf; om"kac:Edik yf gw,f? 'gaMumifh aoolukd
&nfrSef;NyD; vSLwJhtvSLudkawmh {uefrkcs jyKoifhygw,f? aoNyD; ewfjynfa&muf&ifvnf; csufcsif;yJ
pkwdeJU y#doaE¨[m wpfqufwnf; aewmaygh? pkwdqdkwm aowJhpdwf? y#doE¨qdkwm aemufb0rSm
topfjzpfwJhpdwf? olwdkUESpfckMum;xJrSm bmrSr&Sdbl;? csufcsif;yJ/
oN*ØK[frSmawmh ]teEÅ&ar0}qdkwJh ygVdeJU jyw,f? jrefrmvdkawmh ]csufcsif;}aygh? usefwJh
i&JbHk? wd&pämefbHk? NydwåmbHkwdkUrSm jzpfr,fqdk&ifvnf; tMum;r&SdbJ csufcsif;oGm;jzpfwmyJ? tdrfem;rSm
ckepf&ufaevdkU &EdkifwmqdkvdkU NydwåmbHkwpfrsKd;yJ &Sdw,f? 'DNydwåmbHkb0a&muf&if uRwfvGwfygapqdkwJh
apwemeJU qGrf;oGwfwJh ukodkvfudk jyKMuwmjzpfw,f/}}
]]'Dbufb0u jyKcJhwJhukodkvfuH? tukodkvfuHawGudk [dkbufb0rSm 'Du ½kyfemrfvnf;
ygroGm;bJeJU? b,fyHkb,fenf; cHpm;w,fqdkwmudk qufNyD; &Sif;jyygOD;bk&m;}}
]]ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHawG jyKwJhtcg aZmapwemawGjzpfw,f? 'DaZmapwemawG[m
emrfw&m;jzpfvdkU jzpfNyD;ysufoGm;wm rSefayr,fh aemufb0rSm aumif;usKd;qdk;usKd;jzpfapr,fh tmedoif
oabmw&m;awG useaf ecJw h ,f? 'Dapwemac: uHeUJ cE¨m? 'ku© rodrt I 0dZmÆ ? cE¨mopfukd vdck sirf w I PSm
'DoHk;yg;aygif;rdNyD; b0opfjzpfatmif zefwD;vdkufMuwmyJ}}
]]yHpk eH UJ ajymMunfrh ,f? ausmif;'umOD;eD aow,f? ausmif;vSLwJu h o
k v kd af Mumifh ewfjynfrmS
ewfom; oGm;jzpfw,f? 'Dae&mrSm Ak't ¨ vdu
k s,&l rSmu ewfom;jzpfomG ;wJt h cgrSm OD;eDb0u ½kyw f &m;?
emrfw&m;awG ewfjynfudk wpfckrSygrvmbl;? 'gayr,fh OD;eD&JUaojcif;eJU uif;NyD;awmhvnf; ewfom;
rjzpfEdkifjyefbl;}}
]]odyfcufw,f bk&m;? wynfhawmfwdkU ÓPfeJU rvdkufEdkifawmhbl;}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&ifvnf; Oyrmay;NyD; wpfrsKd;BudK;pm;NyD; ajymMunfhr,f? #Dumausmfusrf;rSmawmh
b0opfjzpfyHkudk OyrmoHk;rsKd;ay;xm;w,f? rD;wdkif&,f? wHqdyfwHk;&,f? yJhwifoH&,fyJ/ za,mif;wdkif
wpfwdkifudk rD;xGef;xm;w,f? aemufwpfwdkif xGef;csifwJhtcg yxrtwdkifuae rD;ul;,lvdkufw,f/
'Dae&mrSm pOf;pm;&rSmu 'kwd,twdkifrSm awmufavmifaewJh rD;[m yxrtwdkifu
ul;vmwJh rD;awGvm;? 'kw, d twdik uf za,mif;om;udak vmifaewJh rD;awGvm; qdw k myJ? wu,ft h rSeu f
yxrza,mif;wdik u f rD;awG[m 'kw, d za,mif;wdik u f kd ul;rvmygbl;? 'gayr,fh yxrza,mif;wdik u f
rD;eJU uif;NyD;awmhvnf; 'kwd,za,mif;wdkif[m rD;rawmufEdkifygbl;/
xdkUtwl ausmif;'um OD;eDb0u ½kyfemrfw&m;awG[m ewfjynfudk wpfckrS ul;rvm
ygbl;? 'gayr,fh ausmif;'umOD;eDeUJ uif;Ny;D awmhvnf; ewfjynfrmS ewfom;vmrjzpfEikd yf gbl;? taMumif;
tusKd; qufoG,frIavmufyJ &Sdw,fvdkU ,l&rSmyg/
*VKew f qH yd f ouFe;f acgufukd Munfv h u
kd yf g? ouFe;f om;ay:rSm *VKew f q H yd x
f ifaeygw,f?
oHjym;xlxlrSm *VKefwHqdyfxGif; tylay;NyD; ouFef;acgufay: zdcsvdkufwmeJU *VKefwHqdyf xifoGm;wm
ygyJ? 'Dvdk xifwJhae&mrSm ouFef;rSmxifaewJh *VKef½kyf[m oHjym;u*VKef½kyf r[kwfygbl;/
'gayr,fh oHjym;u*VKef½kyfeJU uif;NyD;awmhvnf; rxifEdkifygbl;? xdkUtwl ewfjynfu
ewfom;b0[m vlUjynfu ausmif;'umOD;eD r[kwfygbl;? ½kyfemrftopf xyfjzpfwmyg? 'gayr,fh
vlUjynfu OD;eDeJUvnf; uif;NyD;awmh rjzpfEdkifygbl;? 'gu b0opfjzpfyHkudk wHqdyfwkH; OyrmeJU jyvdkuf
wmyg/
yJhwifoH Oyrmuawmh vIdPf*lBuD;xJrSm a[;ceJ wpfcsufatmfvdkuf&if yxrtoHu
vIdPf*leH&Hudk ½dkufNyD; ]a[; a[;} qdkwJh 'kwd,? wwd, yJhwifoHrsm; ay:vmygw,f? 'kwd,? wwd,
yJhwifoHrsm;[m yxratmfvdkufwJh toHr[kwfygbl;? topf topfxyfjzpfwmyg?
 'gayr,fh yxratmfoHeJU uif;NyD;awmhvnf; rjzpfEdkifygbl;? taMumif;tusKd; qufpyfrI
uawmh &Sdaeygw,f? xdkUtwl ewfom;b0[m topfxyfjzpfwJh ½kyfemrfyg? vlUb0u ausmif;'um
OD;eD&JU ½kyfemrfwpfckrS ygrvmygbl;? 'gayr,fh OD;eDb0u ½kyfemrfeJU uif;NyD;awmhvnf; rjzpfEdkifygbl;?
'Davmufqdk&if 0dÓOfaumif ygroGm;bJ b0opfjzpfyHkudk rif;wdkUem;vnfavmufNyDvdkU xifw,f}}
]]rSefyg em;vnfygNyD bk&m;}}
]]wu,f em;vnfomG ;w,f qd&k ifawmh ody0f rf;omygw,f? bmjzpfvUkd vJqakd wmh ½kyef mrf
wpfyg;yg;udk rysurf pD; tNrw J nfw,fvUkd t,lrmS ;wJh oów'd|cd aH e&if 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkw&f if
w&m;r&bJ jzpfwwfw,f? tckvdk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;vnfoGm;w,fqdk&if r*fvrf;zdkvfvrf; yGifhoGm;
wmaygh? 'DtcsufeJU ywfoufvdkU rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u ]Ak'¨bmom0ifawG[m vlaowmeJU
ywfouf&if oów'd|d jzpfwwfw,f}vdkU ajymcJhwmaygh/
ar;/ / t&SifqE´rax&fonf ESpfaygif;av;q,fausmf udk,fwdkif jzpfysuf tedpö? 'ku©? tewå
w&m;udk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfygvsufom;eJU bmaMumihf r*fzdkvf r&ygovJ/
ajz/ / 'd|d ruGmvdkUyg/
ar;/ / 'gjzifh&if jzpfysuf tedpö? 'ku©? tewå½IrIESifh 'd|dcGmrI[m b,folUudk a&SUxm;&rvJ/
ajz/ / 'd|dcGmrIudk a&SUxm;&ygr,f/
ar;/ / b,f'd|dudk cGm&rwkef;/
ajz/ / oów'd|deJU Oapä''d|dudk cGm&ygr,f/
ar;/ / aMumif;usKd; ½kyfemrfw&m;awG[m ckdifNrJw,f? qufw,f? tNrJjzpfw,f? tNrJ&Sdw,fvdkU
,lqwm bm'd|dvJ/
ajz/ / oów'd|dyg/
ar;/ / aMumif;usKd; ½kyfemrfw&m;awG[m bmrSr&Sdbl;? b,fawmhrS rjzpfbl;? jywfaew,fvdkU
,lxm;&if bm'd|dvJ/
ajz/ / Oapä''d|dyg/
ar;/ / Oyrm a0'emqdkwm zóvkyfvdkufawmh rjzpfbl;vm;/
ajz/ / jzpfygw,f/
ar;/ / tu,fí zócsKyfoGm;&if 'Da0'emav;aum/
ajz/ / csKyfoGm;ygw,f/
ar;/ / taMumif;aMumifh tusKd;jzpfwmudk jrifvdkufvdkU&Sd&if b,f'd|dpifrwkef;/
ajz/ / Oapä''d|d pifygw,f/
ar;/ / taMumif;csKyfvdkU tusKd;csKyfw,fvdkU od&ifaum/
ajz/ / oów'd|d pifygw,f/
ar;/ / a0'emaMumifh wPSmjzpfw,fvdkU od&ifaum b,f'd|d pifowkef;/
ajz/ / Oapä''d|d pifygw,f/
ar;/ / a0'emcsKyo f mG ;vdUk &S&d ifvnf; 'DwPSmvnf; olUocifu csKyaf ygh? olUocifuvnf; csKy&f
awmhrSmyJqdkwm raocsmbl;vm;/
 ajz/ / aocsmygw,f/
ar;/ / 'gusawmh b,f'd|d pifoGm;owkef;/
ajz/ / oów'd|d pifoGm;ygw,f/
ar;/ / aMomf ...taMumif;jzpfvdkU tusKd;jzpfwmyJvdkUodawmh bm'd|dpifowkef;/
ajz/ / Oapä''d|d pifygw,f/
awmfNyD? 'Davmufqdk 'um? 'umrwdkU oów'd|dpifNyD/
(rdk;ukwfq&mawmf? trSwf (4)usrf;pm? 'd|druGm&if edAÁmefrjrif)

vlav;rsKd;
(1) vlwpf&mwGif ig;a,mufcefUonf tEkavmrcEÅDac: cE¨mig;yg;onf t0dZÆm? wPSm? uHaMumifh
jzpfonf/ wjcm;taMumif;aMumifh rjzpf paomtm;jzifh y#dpöorkyÜg'fÓPfü usufpm;onf/
(2) aemufig;a,mufonf cE¨mig;yg; tedpö? cE¨mig;yg; 'ku©? cE¨ig;yg; tewåponfjzifh ½IyGm;vsuf
,xmblwÓPfü usufpm;onf/
(3) vlwpf&mwGif av;q,fhig;a,mufcefYonf ½kyfemrfESpfyg;udk rysufrpD; tNrJwnf&Sdonf[k ,lq
aom oów'd|dü usufpm;onf/ oów'd|donf b0udkwyfrufaom avmb (wPSm)ESifh
,SOfaomaMumifh pGefUvTwf&efcufonf/ r*fzdkvfudk t&aES;onf/
(4) useaf v;q,fih g;a,mufonf ½kyef mrfEpS yf g;udk aovQijf ywfonf? bmrSrjzpfawmh[k ,lqaom
Oapä''d|dü usufpm;onf/ xdk'd|donf a'goESifh,SOf\/ tjypfBuD;\/ odkUaomf w&m;odvQif
pGefUvGwf&ef vG,fulí r*fzdkvfudk t&jrefonf/
(rZÑdredum,f? 'DCecokwftzGifh)

edAÁmefjyóem
Ak'¨bmom0ifawG[m aowmeJU ywfouf&if oów'd|d jzpfwwfMuw,f/
edAÁmefeJU yufoufvm&if Oapä''d|d jzpfwwfMuw,f/
(rdk;ukwfq&mawmf)
rd;k ukwq f &mawmf\ w&m;acGwpfacGrS pum;wpfy'kd yf if jzpf\/ vlaowmESihf ywfoufí
oów'd|jd zpfyu kH kd &ufvnfjyóemaqmif;yg;ü &Si;f jycJNh y;D jzpfonf/ ,ck edAmÁ efEiS hf ywfoufí Oapä'
'd|d tjzpfrsm;yHkudk &Sif;vif;ygOD;rnf/ yxra&Tusif q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;uvnf; edAÁmefESifhywfoufí
Ak'b
¨ mom0ifrsm; Oapä''d|Bd u;D odUk ruyfa&mufap&ef ]*rÇ&D m*rÇ&D r[medAKÁ wm'DyeD} [laom usr;f Bu;D udk
a&;om;awmfrlcJhonf/
q&mawmfBuD;\ arwåm? apwemum; BuD;rsm;vS\/ usrf;pma&;om;&mü pmayrjynfhpHk
olwUkd twGuf tusO;f ? pmayjynfph o kH w
l Ukd twGuf tus,q
f Nkd y;D ESpcf ef;a&;om;cJ\ h / 'Gg&*dP
k ;f omoemydik f
tk#fzdkq&mawmfBuD;onfvnf; 'umwpfOD;\ avQmufxm; awmif;yefcsuft& edAÁmefESifhywfoufí
]pE´r@vokuúpmwef;}[laom usrf;pmi,fudk a&;om;awmfrlcJh\/
 v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onfvnf; ]edAÁmer*¾'DyeD} rnfaom usrf;udk a&;om;pD&if
awmfrcl \
hJ / ,if;usr;f wdUk udk rSjD irf;ud;k um;Ny;D vQif yckuLú 0dyóemoifwef; q&mBu;D OD;Muifa&T\ edAmÁ ef
w&m;awmf (17)acG? oJtif;*lq&mawmfESifh rdk;ukwfq&mawmfwdkU\ edAÁmefw&m;awmfwdkUudk emMum;NyD;
þaqmif;yg;udk a&;om;&jcif; jzpf\/
edAÁmefESifh ywfoufí omref Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;yif rqdkxm;ESifh bmoma&; pma&;q&m
tcsKdUyif rSm;,Gif;pGm a&;om;aeMuaomtcsufudk OD;pGmwifjycsif\/ xdka&;om;csufum; "r®y't|
uxmüvmonfh ]oaAÁ "r®m tewåm}[laom *gxmwpfyg'udk axmufí edAÁefudk ]tewå}[k rSm;,Gif;
a&;om;aeMujcif;yif jzpf\/
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf edAÁmefudk ]tewå}[k wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ a[mawmfrrlcJhay/ odkUqdkvQif
,if;*gxmü ]oaAÁ "r®m tewåm}[lí tb,fah Mumifh a[mMum;cJo h enf;[k ar;vmjim;tH/h þjyóem
onf "r®y't|uxmvm *gxmoHk;yk'fvHk;udk azmfjy&Sif;vif;rS jynfhpHkrnfjzpf\/
yxr &[ef;ig;&monf awmxJwGif w&m;tm;xkwf&m olwdkUp½dkufESifh rudkufnDaom
ur®|mef;jzpfaeí w&m;xl;r&Muay/ Ak'¨xH vma&mufcsdefwGif olwdkUp½dkufESifh udkufnDaom -
oaAÁ ocFg&m tedpöm? ,'g ynm, yówd?
tx edAÁE´wd 'kau©? {o ra*¾g 0dok'¨d,m/
]]tvHk;pHkaom ocFg&w&m;wdkUonf tNrJr&Sd/ (cE¨mig;yg;-tedpö)[k ynmjzifh ½Ijrif\/
xdkcE¨mig;yg; 'ku©w&m;ü NiD;aiGU\/ þum; pifMu,faom r*¾ifvrf;aywnf;/}}
[k a[mMum;vdu k &f m *gxmtqH;k rSmyif &[ef;tyg;ig;&mvH;k &[EÅmjzpfMu\/ olwUkd onf
a&S;,cifb0rsm;u tedpömEkyóemudk rsm;rsm;BuD; tm;xkwfcJhzl;aomaMumifh olwdkUp½dkufESifh udkufnD
aomw&m;udk emMum;&ojzifh vG,fulpGm &[EÅmjzpfMujcif;aywnf;/ 'kwd,ajrmuf tyg;ig;&monf
vnf; xdkuJhodkUyif a&mufvmjyef&m Ak'¨u olwdkUa&S;b0yg&rDrsm;udk MunfhawmfrlNyD; -
oaAÁ ocFg&m 'ku©m? ,'g ynm, yówd?
tx edAÁE´wd 'kau©? {o ra*¾g 0dok'¨d,m/
]]tvHk;pHkaom tcFg&w&m;wdkUonf qif;&J\/ (cE¨mig;yg;-'ku©)[k ynmjzifh ½Iqifjcif\/
xdktcg cE¨ig;yg;'ku©w&m;ü NiD;aiGU\/ þum; pifMu,faom r*¾ifvrf;aywnf;/}}
[k a[mMum;awmfrl&m tm;vHk;yif &[EÅmjzpfoGm;Mu\/ olwdkUonf twdwfb0rsm;u
'ku©mEkyóemudk yGm;rsm;cJhzl;olrsm;jzpf\/ þESpf*gxmü ]oaAÁ ocFg&m}t& avmuDpdwf (81)? ap
woduf (52)? ½kyf (28)udk aumuf,l&\/ avmukwå&mpdwf (8)yg;ESifh ,SOfbuf apwoduf (36)yg;
rygao;onfudk owdjyKcJhyg/ wwd,ajrmuf &[ef;tyg;ig;&mvnf; a&S;enf;twdkif; a&mufvmMu
jyef&m Ak'¨u -
oaAÁ "r®m tewåm? ,'g ynm, yówd/
tx eAÁE´wd 'kau©? {o ra*¾g 0dok'¨d,m/
]]tvHk;pHkaom pdwf? apwoduf? ½kyfw&m;tm;vHk;wdkUonf tpdk;r&? tESpfom&r&Sd (cE¨m
ig;yg; tewå)[k ynmjzifh ½Ijrif\/ xdck E¨mig;yg; 'kuw © &m;ü Ni;D aiGU\/ þum; pifMu,faom r*¾ivf rf;
aywnf;/}}
 [k a[mMum;jyef&m tm;vH;k &[EÅmcsn;f jzpfMujyef\/ þaemufq;kH *gxmü a&S;ESp*f gxm
uJhodkU ]oaAÁ ocFg&m}[k ra[mbJ ]oaAÁ "r®m}[k a[mawmfrljcif;rSm cE¨ig;yg;zGJU&aom w&m;rsm;
tukef yg0ifapvdkaomaMumifh jzpf\/ a&S;ESpf*gxmü ]oaAÁ ocFg&m} t& avmuDpdwf? apwoduf?
½kyfwdkUudkom ,lxm;&m cE¨mzGJU&mü yg0ifaom avmukwå&mpdwf? apwoduf usefae\/
cE¨mig;yg;zGJU&mü yg0ifaom ,if;avmukwå&mpdwf? apwodufonfvnf; ]tewåw&m;
yifwnf;}[k odapjcif;iSm ]oaAÁ "r®m}[k ajymif;í a[mjcif;yif jzpf\/ þ&Sif;jycsufum; "r®y't|
uxmq&m t&Sifr[mAk'¨aCmo\ tmabmfyifjzpf\/ ]oaAÁ "r®m}[laomyk'fudkMunfhNyD; edAÁmefudkyg
aumuf,lrdrSmpdk;aomaMumifh -
oaAÁ "r®mwd {w¬ yÍöu©cE¨m{0 t"dayÜwm - oaAÁ "r®m [laomydk'fü "r®m-t& cE¨m
ig;yg;zGJU&mü yg0ifaomw&m;wdkUudkom aumuf,l&rnf/
[k rSwcf sujf zifh zGijhf yawmfrcl \
hJ / edAmÁ efonf cE¨mzGUJ &aomw&m; r[kw/f cE¨mrSvwG af om
w&m;jzpf\/ xdk*gxm\tzGifh "r®y't|uxmudk aocsmjyefMunfhygav/ þum; t|uxmom"u
,kwjdå zifh ]edAmÁ efonf tewåw&m;r[kwaf Mumif;} &Si;f jycsujf zpf\/ ,ckwpfzef obm0,kwjdå zifh tewå
w&m;r[kwfaMumif; &Sif;jyOD;tHh/
avmuü wu,fht&Sdw&m;um; ]ocFwçw&m;} ESifh ]tocFwçw&m;} ESpfrsKd;om &Sd\/
uH? pdw?f Owk? tm[m& [laom taMumif;w&m;av;yg;wdUk \ jyKjyifzefw;D rIukd cH&aom pdw?f apwodu?f
½kyfw&m;oHk;yg;udk ]ocFw} w&m;[k ac:\/ xdkoHk;yg;udk ig;yHkçyHkvQif cE¨mig;yg;jzpf\/
xdktaMumif;w&m; av;yg;wdkU\ jyKjyifzefwD;jcif;rSvGwfaom edAÁmefudk ]tocFwçw&m;}
[k ac:\/ cE¨mig;yg;rS tvGwfjzpf\/ tdk? em? ao uif;&m edAÁmefcsrf;omudk &vdkvQif ocFwjzpfaom
cE¨mig;yg;udk rNrjJ cif;-tedpö [lívnf;aumif;? qif;&Jjcif;-'ku© [lívnf;aumif;? tpd;k r& tESpo f m&
r&Sdjcif;-tewå [lívnf;aumif; cE¨mig;yg;udk tjypfjrifvmatmif ½Ityf\/
cE¨mig;yg; tjypfjrifrS? cE¨mig;yg;udk rkef;wD;rS? cE¨mig;yg;qHk;rS edAÁmefudk &rnfjzpf\/ þ
obm0,kwt då & tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåonf tjypfjrif&aom w&m;rsm;jzpf\/ cE¨mig;yg;rSmom qdck ahJ om
tjypfrsm; &S\ d / edAmÁ efum; ,if;tjypfrsm; wpfcrk Qr&Sad y/ ocFwçw&m;ESihf tocFwçw&m;udk qefUusif
buf[k zGifhjycsuf&Sd\/
ocFwçw&m;onf tedpö tNrJr&Sd/
tocFw edAÁmefonf edpö NrJ\/
ocFwçw&m;onf 'ku© qif;&J\/
tocFw edAÁmefonf okc csrf;om\/
ocFwçw&m;onf tewå tESpfom& r&Sd/
tocFw edAÁmefonf twå tESpfom& &Sd\/
wdwdusus jynfhjynfhpHkpHk a[mr,fqdk&if þuJhodkU a[m&rnfjzpf\/ odkUaomf xdkygVdawmf
rsm;ü edAÁmefudk edpöom&? okcom&tjzpf a[maomfvnf; ]twåom&}tjzpfum; wdkuf½dkufa[mMum;
awmf rrlcJhay/
 ra[m&jcif; taMumif;um; - wdww d¬ Ukd ,lqtyfaom ]twå}ESihf xifa,mifxifrmS ;jzpfrnf
pdk;aomaMumifhyif jzpf\/
þum; ]oaAÁ "r®m tewåm}ü edAÁmef ryg0ifyHkjzpf\/ Ak'¨bmom0if trsm;pkonf edAÁmef
ESifh ywfoufvmvQif Oapä''d|d t,l&SdyHkudk &Sif;vif;tHh/ rZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmf? 0päokwfü 0pä trnf&Sd
olu Ak'¨tm; edAÁmefESifhywfoufí ar;cGef;wpfck ar;\/
(1) jrwfpGmbk&m;? &[EÅmyk*¾dKvf aoNyD;onfhaemuf tb,fü jzpfygoenf;/ Ak'¨u oów'd|dESifh
NidaomaMumifh ajzzdkUroifhavsmf[k jrpfy,fawmfrl\/ oów'd|dESifh tb,fodkU Nidygoenf;/
&[EÅm\ ½kyfemrfonf rysufrpD;bJ odkUr[kwf ½kyfomysufpD;NyD; emrfu rysufpD;bJ edAÁmefodkU
a&mufoGm;ovdk ar;aomaMumifh oów'd|dESifh Nidjcif;jzpf\/
(2) &[EÅmyk*K¾d vf aoNy;D aemuf tb,foUkd rQrjzpf? ra&mufawmhNyaD vm/ þar;cGe;f onfum; Oapä'
'd|dESifh NidaomaMumifh ajzzdkUroifhavsmf[k jrpfy,fawmfrl\/ Oapä''d|dESifh tb,fodkUNidoenf;/
&[EÅmyk*¾dKvf aoonfESifh ½kyfemrf csKyfjywfoGm;onf/ edAÁmefcsrf;omudk cHpm;jcif;oabm r&Sd[k
,lqaomaMumifh Oapä''d|dESifh Nidjcif;jzpf\/
,ckacwf Ak'¨bmom0iftrsm;pk\ t,ltqonf azmfjyyg t,ltqrsKd;jzpf\/ edAÁmef
[lonf ½kyfemrfESpfyg; csKyfaysmufoGm;NyD; bmrQr&Sd [kom xifaeMu\/ a[majymol trsm;pkuvnf;
]cE¨mig;yg; csKyNf ird ;f oGm;wm edAmÁ efaygh}[k rjynfrh pHk a[majymavh&\ dS / xdUk aMumifv
h nf; em,lot l rsm;pk
t,lrSm;Mujcif;jzpf\/ xdkt,ltqrsm;aMumifh edAÁmefudk wu,fvdkcsifol r&Sdoavmuf &Sm;yg;oGm;\/
&[EÅmyk*¾dKvf aooGm;jcif;? ½kyfemrf csKyfoGm;jcif;onf edAÁmefr[kwfao;ay/ ]orkapä'
r&P}[k ac:\/ taoudk jzwfvdkufjcif;? taoudk &yfvdkufjcif;om jzpf\/ xdkodkU ½kyfemrfcsKyfNyD;
onfEiS hf cE¨mud, k uf r®Z½kyt f <uif;tusef r&Sad om ]tEkyg'daoo} edAmÁ efcsr;f omudo k m cHpm;jcif;jzpf\/
aet&SdefaMumifh cE¨mudk,f ylavmifaeolonf at;jrMunfvifaom jrpfa&twGif; ouf
qif;vdkufvQif tylNidrf;jcif;? at;jraomt&omudk cHpm;jcif; ESpfrsKd;jzpf\/
xdUk twl &[EÅmyk*Kd¾ vf pkawjcif;? ½kyef mrfcsKyo f mG ;jcif;onf cE¨m'kut © yl Nird ;f jcif;ESiw
hf \l /
edAÁmef\t&omudk oEÅdokctjzpfjzifh cHpm;jcif;onf at;jrjcif;jzpf\/
(*rÇD&m*rÇD&r[medAÁKwm 'DyeDusrf;rS yxra&Tusifq&mawmfBuD;ay;aom Oyrm)
oVm,weoH,kwfygVdawmfwGif -
um,ó ab'g "r®a|m ocsø aemaywd a0'*l/
]]&[EÅmyk*Kd¾ vf cE¨mysupf ;D onfrS aemufü edAmÁ efüwnfonfjzpfí owå0g[laom a&wGuf
jcif;odkU ra&muf? (ocsøaemaywd)}} [k a[mxm;awmfrl\/
tu,fí ,ckacwf vltrsm;pk xifaeouJo h Ukd edAmÁ efonf bmrQr&Sad omt&m[k qdv k Qif
ocsø aemaywd- owå0g[laom a&wGujf cif;odUk ra&muf[k a[mcJrh nfr[kw/f eówd- aysmufysu\ f /
ew¬-d r&Spd onfjzifh a[mMum;cJrh nfjzpf\/ xdu k o hJ Ukd eówdç ew¬pd onfjzifh ra[mMum;onfukd axmuf
aomtm;jzifh ]edAmÁ efonf bmrQr&Sad omt&mr[kw/f oEÅo d ck - Nird ;f at;aom csr;f omtaejzifh wu,f
&SdaMumif; jywfom;pGm rSwfom;&rnf/
(3) &[EÅmyk*¾dKvf aoNyD;onfaemuf jzpfolvnf; jzpf? rjzpfolvnf; rjzpf[k rSwf&rnfavm/ þ
ar;cGef;onf ]{upöoów0g'}ESifh NidaeaomaMumifh ajzzdkUroifhavQmuf[k jrpfy,fawmfrl\/
{upöoów'd|dum; tcsKdUNrJ? tcsKdUrNrJ[k ,lqjcif;jzpf\/
(4) &[EÅmyk*¾Kvf aoNyD;onfaemuf jzpfonfvnf; r[kwf? rjzpfonfvnf; r[kwf[k rSwf&rnf
avm/ þar;cGe;f onf tr&m0dau©y0g'ESihf Nipd eG ;f aomaMumifh ajzzdUk roifah vQm[
f k jrpfy,fawmf
rl\/ tr&mrnfaom ig;onf acsmaeaomaMumifh b,fae&mrQ udik w f ,G í
f r&ovdk ra&r&m
[dkra&muf 'Dra&muft,ludk ]tr&m0dau©y'd|d} [k ac:\/
0päuonf edAÁmeft,ltqudk ÓPfrrDawmhaMumif; avQmufxm;ojzifh Ak'¨u &[EÅm
yk*¾dKvf pkawNyD;aemuf edAÁmefcsrf;om cHpm;yHkudk rD;yHkBuD;Oyrmjzifh a[mjyawmfrl\/ avmifpmukefojzifh
rD;yHkrSrD;rsm; Nidrf;oGm;\/ Nidrf;oGm;aom rD;awmufrsm;udk ta&SUt&yfodkU a&mufoGm;oavm? taemuf
t&yfodkU a&mufoGm;oavm ponfjzifhar;vQif ajzzdkU&m roifhavQmfay/
xdkUtwl cE¨mtopf rjzpfawmhojzifh 'ku©rD;Nidrf;oGm;aom &[EÅmudkvnf; b,ft&yfodkU
a&mufonf? b,ft&yfodkUra&muf ponfjzifhajzvQif roifhavQmf[k &Sif;jyawmfrl\/

edAÁmef*kPf&nfrsm;
tocFwH tewH temo0H?
opöÍöyg&H edykPH ok'k'´oH/
tZZÆ&EÅH "k0H tyavmudeH?
ted'óeH edyÜyÍöH oEÅH/
trwH yPDwH od0Íö acrH?
wPSmu©a,m tpä&d,H tAÇKwH/
teDwduH teDwd"r®H?
edAÁmearwH ok*awe a'odwH/
tAsmyaZÆm 0d&ma*g p?
ok'¨d rkwåd tev,H/
'DyH avPÍö wmeÍö?
o&PÍö y&m,PEÅd / /
(oVm,we oH,kwfygVdawmf)

(1) tocFwH - rlv&if;u ocFwyif jzpfaomfvnf; tvGeo f rd af rGUvSojzifh ocFw[k odaMumif;

rSwfaMumif; vu©PmrS uif;íaexaom/
(2) tewH - 'ku©pdkufysKd; wPSmrsKd;wdkU rwdk;rn§yf rvmEdkif&mvnf; jzpfxaom/
(3) temo0H - i&JNydwåm ab;{&mudk cgcgjzpfapwwfonfjzpfí aMumuftyfvSpGm wPSm'd|d
paom toa0gnpfqdk; w&m;rsKd;wdkU rwdkufcsKd;Edkif&m jzpfxaom/
(4) opöÍö - edAÁmef[laom trnfemr pum;rQomr[kwf edAÁmef[laom trnf&Sdonf
tm;avQmfpGm Nidrf;at;jcif; y&rw¬oabmtm;jzifh wu,frSefBuD; rSefonf
vnf; jzpfxaom/
(5) yg&H - cE¨mudk,fqdk; 'ku©tkd;\ jyifbuf 0#fqif;&J a&t,OfrS xGufajrmuf&m urf;0
urf;xdyfBuD;vnf; jzpfxaom/
(6) edykPH - txnfj'yf Oyg'frxifonfjzpfí tvGefodrfarGUpGmxaom/
(7) ok'k'´oH - ynmÓPfjzifhaomfvnf; EIdif;csifhaxmufq odjrif&Edkifp&m vGefpGmcJ,Of;
xaom
(8) tZZÆ&EÅH - Nidrf;at;jcif; oabmtm;jzifh ay:vmNyD;aemuf b,favmufMumaomfvnf;
b,fonfhumvrS &ifhtdkysufpD;jcif;vnf; r&SdEdkifxaom/
wpfenf; - tZZÆ&EÅH - Nidrf;at;jcif; oDwdbm0 obm0tm;jzifh ay:vmNyD;aemuf urÇm
ysufrD;? urÇmysufavBuD; a&BuD;wdkUjzifhaomfvnf; azmufjyefwkefvIyfjcif;r&Sd
yuwd NrJNrHpGm wnfaexaom/
(9) tyavmudeH - Nidrf;at;jcif;oabm jzpfay:vmNyD;aemuf b,fonfhumvrS tb,fwpfpHk
wpfckaMumifh ysufpD;jcif; r&Sdxaom/
(10) ted'óeH - ewfrsufpdjzifhaomfvnf; pu©K0dÓPfjzifh rjrifpaumif;xaom/
(11) edyÜyÍöH - tdkjyefem& ao&qif;&J azmufvGJcgcg oHo&mudkcsJUxGifwwfol wPSm? rme?
'd|dwdkU rjyLrvmEdkif&m jzpfxaom/
(12) oEÅH - wpfq,fhwpfoD; rD;BuD;Nidrf;at;&mvnf; jzpfxaom/
(13) trwH - rdrdxH wnfa&mufvmol y&dedAÁLwyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ rtdkçrao tNrJwnfpHae&m
vnf; jzpfxaom/
(14) yPDwH - jrif& a&muf&olwdkU ra&mifh&JEdkifzG,f wu,fvGefjrwfawmfrlxaom/
(15) od0Íö - BuD;jrwfaom *kPfusufoa& &Sdawmfrlxaom/
(16) acrH - ab;cyfodrf; ukefNidrf;uif;a0;&mvnf; jzpfxaom/
(17) wPSmu©a,m - ab;udjk yKwwf aMumuftyfvpS mG ajcmufwPSmwdUk \ uke&f mukeaf Mumif;vnf;
jzpfxaom/
(rSwfcsuf) / / ½lywPSm? o'´wPSm? *E¨wPSm? &owPSm? azm|AÁwPSm? "r®wPSm? wPSm
ajcmufrsKd;udk um&Hudkufatmif ]ajcmufwPSm}[k oHk;xm;jcif; jzpf\/
(18) tpä&d,H - 'ge? oDv? bm0em paom taMumif;w&m;wdkUESifh ruif;aomfvnf; ,if;
taMumif;w&m;wdkUaMumifh jzpfyHk ocFwedrdwf t&dyfrxGuf ,if;ocFwyHk[ef
ESifh tvGefa0;uGm vGefpGmxl;jrwfonfjzpfí tvGeftHhzG,fo&J tHhtJpavmuf
jzpfawmfrlxaom/
(19) tAÇKwH - wpf&w H pfqpf rjzpfz;l ao;bJ wpfcgwnf;om jzpfvmNy;D aemuf raysmufrysuf
tNrJwnfaeonfvnf; jzpfxaom/
(20) teDwduH - tvHk;pHk qif;&Jab;'Pf[lorQ b,f[mwpfckrQ r&Sdxaom/
(21) teDwd"r®H - qif;&J&SdaomoabmrsKd;rS qefUusifbufBuD; jzpfíaexaom/
{wH {wm'doH - þodkUoabm&Sdaom w&m;xl; w&m;jrwfudk? edAÁmeH - edAÁmef[lí? ok*awe-
jrwfpGmbk&m;onf? a'odwH - a[mMum;awmfrltyfNyD? aom"ar®m - xdkedAÁmef
w&m;awmfonf?
(22) tAsmyaZÆm p - ab;&efwGufwm b,f[mwpfck aMumifhMup&m r&Sdonfvnf; jzpf\/
(23) 0d&ma*g p - ab;&efjzpfaMumif; &m*taygif;rS aumif;aumif;Bu;D uif;a0;&mvnf;jzpf\/
(24) ok'¨d p - ab;&efvmbG,f toG,foG,faom tnpftaMu;rS uif;a0; pifMu,fonf
vnf;jzpf\/
(25) rkwåd p - ab;&efxlxyf bHkoHk;&yfwdkUrS vSvSBuD; vGwf&mvnf; jzpf\/
(26) temv,H - tvdkvdk0 tvHk;pHkvSojzifh b,f[mwpfckrQ rawmifhwm&mvnf; jzpf\/
(27) 'DyH - y&dedAÁLwmyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ ykef;atmif;&mwnf&m uRef;BuD;ozG,fvnf; jzpf\/
(28) avPH - y&dedAÁLwmyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ ab;rSvGwfaMumif; ykef;atmif;cdkem;&mvnf; jzpf\/
(29) wmPH - rdrdü wnfa&mufvmol y&dedAÁLwyk*¾dKvfwdkUtm; ab;rvm&atmif wu,f
apmifha&SmufEdkifonfvnf; jzpf\/
(30) o&PÍö - rdrx
d cH rkd ;DS vmol y&deAd LÁ wyk*Kd¾ vüf ab;rqdu k &f atmif ab;wumudak umif;pGm
zsufpD;wwfonfvnf; jzpf\/
(31) y&m,PH - y&deAd LÁ wyk*Kd¾ vw f Ukd \ tvGet f uJ wnfae&m vJavsmif;&mjzpf\/ (0g) ab;udk
aMumufoyl *k Kd¾ vjf zLwdUk \ wu,fab;rSvw G af Mumif; aumif;aumif;Bu;D vJavsmif;
wnfae&mvnf; jzpf\/
(yxra&Tusifq&mawmfBuD; ay;aomteufjzpf\)
*kPf[lonf *kaP;rS jzpfay:vm\/ xdkUaMumifh *kPf&SdvQif *kaP;&Sdonf[k rSwftyf\/
*kaP;[lonf yk*Kd¾ v?f j'yf? oabmw&m;? t&m0w¬Kwpfcck k jzpf\/ *kP[ f o
l nf xdt k &mrsm;rS xGuaf y:
vmaom pGr;f &nfowåd jzpf\/ azmfjyxm;aom (31)rsK;d aom *kPw f Ukd onf edAmÁ ef[al om *kaP;rSxu G f
ay:vmjcif;jzpf\/
edAmÁ ef[al om *kaP;r&Sb d EJ iS hf þ (31)csuaf om*kPrf sm; xGuaf y:rvmEdik af y/ þoH;k csuf
ESifhywfoufí opöoHcdyfü jyxm;aom OyrmrSm rSwfzdkUaumif;\/
c,rwåH eedAÁmeH?
*rÇD&m 'dó 0gpawm/
tbm0ó[d ukr®meH?
avmraó0 t0gpawm/
(opöoHcdyf)
½kyfemrfcE¨m ukefNidrf;umrQonf edAÁmefr[kwf? tb,fhaMumifhenf;[lrlum; ygVdawmfwdkUü
okedykPH? ok'k'´oH? tZZÆ&EÅH ponfjzifh edAÁmef\*kPfyk'frsm;udk a[mawmfrlxm;aomaMumifh jzpf\/
 xdpk um; rSe\ f / bmwpfcrk Qr&Sad om obm0w&m;udk eufeo J nf? odraf rGUonf ponfjzifh
*kPfwifajymqdkzG,f&m r&Sday/
Oyrmtm;jzifh r&Sdaom vdyfarT;udk &Snfonf? wdkonf? jzLonf ponfjzifh ajymp&mrvdk
ouJhodkUwnf;/ edAÁmefxif&Sm;yHkESifhywfoufí rdvdE´rif;ESifh t&Sife*odefwdkU\ tar;tajzu xyfqifh
axmufcHxm;\/
ax&f / / rif;BuD;? aumif;uifESifh edAÁmefonf xif&Sm;&Sd\/ odkUaomf wpfpHkwpfckaom taMumif;
aMumifhrQ rjzpf/
rif; / / 'DvdkqdkvQif t&Sifbk&m;onf r&Sdaomw&m;udk edAÁmef[k ñTefjyrdavNyD/
ax&f / / rif;BuD;? edAÁmefonf &Sd\/ taem0dÓPfjzifh odtyf\/ pifMu,frGefjrwfaom? taESmifh
t,Suf tydwftyif uif;aom? umr*kPf tmrdo uif;aompdwfjzifh aumif;pGmusifh
aom t&d,mwdkUonf edAÁmefudk odEdkifjrifEdkif\/
rif; / / t&Sib f &k m;? edAmÁ efonf r&Sw
d &m; r[kwvf Qif edAmÁ efukd Oyrmjzifjh yawmfryl g? edAmÁ efonf
tb,fodkUenf;/
ax&f / / avonf tqif;? yHo k P²mef? tBu;D tao;? t&Snt f wdk tb,foUkd &Syd goenf; rif;Bu;D /
rif; / / avudk ñTefjy&ef rjzpfEdkifyg t&Sifbk&m;/
ax&f / / odkUqdkvQif avr&Sdoavm? avonf r&Sdonfhw&m;avm/
rif; / / avonf &Sdyg\/ avudkñTefjy&ef rpGrf;Edkifyg/ odkUaomf av&Sdonfudk ESvHk;om;ü odae
ygonf/ ESmoD;0ü wdk;xdaeygonf/ wdk;xdaom vu©Pmtm;jzifh odEdkifygonf/
ax&f / / rif;Bu;D ? edAmÁ efonfvnf; þodUk yifjzpf\/ Nird ;f csr;f rI&&So
d nfh vu©Pmtm;jzifh xif&mS ;
&SdaMumif; odEdkif\/ avuJhodkUyif tqif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? yHkoP²meftm;jzifhvnf;
aumif; ñTefjyí rjzpfEdkifyg/
rif; / / vufcHygNyD t&Sifbk&m;? qufíar;vdkonfrSm edAÁmefonf wnf&mt&yf &Sdygoavm/
ax&f / / rif;BuD;? edAÁmefonf wnf&mt&yf r&Sdyg/
rif; / / edAÁmefonf wnf&mt&yf r&Sdjim;tHh/ edAÁmefonf r&SdEdkif? edAÁmefudk rnfuJhodkUrsufarSmuf
jyKEdkiftHhenf;/
ax&f / / rif;BuD;? edAÁmefonf tNrJtpGJ wnfaeonfhae&m t&yfonf r&Sdaomfvnf; edAÁmefonf
&Sd\/ aumif;pGmusifhaom ESvHk;oGif;rIjzifh edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyKEdkif\/ Oyrm rD;onf
xif&Sm;&Sd\/ xdkrD; tNrJtpGJ wnfae&mt&yfonf r&Sdovdk jzpf\/
ausmufcJESpfvHk; cwfrS? 0g;ESpfvHk;yGwfrS rD;&ovdkjzpf\/ pMumrif;wdkU&tyfaom pMum
&wem? rdz&k m;&wem? ol<u,f&wem? qif&wem? jrif;&wm tp&Sad om &wemckepfyg;
wdkUonfvnf; wnfae&m t&yfr&Sdygay/
rif;usifhw&m; aumif;rGefolxHodkU uyfa&mufvmMuukef\/ xdkUtwl edAÁmefonfvnf;
oifhavsmfaom ESvHk;oGif;rIjzifh tm;xkwf usifhBuHaomolwdkUom edAÁmefudk rsufarSmuf
jyKEdkifMuukef\/
rif; / / vufcHygNyD t&Sifbk&m;/
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qdv k Qif tb,fuo hJ Ukd aom t&mESirhf Q wdik ;f wmvdUk r&atmif csr;f omrnfqo dk nfukd rSe;f qíodEikd af y\/
xdkUaMumifh Ak'¨u -
 wPSm, Zm,aw aomaum? wPSm, Zm,aw b,H/
wPSm, 0dyÜrkwåó? ew¬d aomaum ukawm b,H/
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olum; aomuvnf; r&Sd? ab;vnf; r&Sd} [k a[mMum;awmfrljcif; jzpf\/
þae&mü wPSmuif;vGwaf omol[o l nf &[EÅmyif jzpf\/ &[EÅmonf pGv J ef;rIwPSm
tm;vHk;udk y,fjzwfEdkifaomaMumifh aomutm;vHk;? ab;tm;vHk; uif;Nidrf;NyD; edAÁmefcsrf;omudk tjynfh
t0 cHpm;&jcif;jzpf\/
uREfkyfwdkUonf pGJvef;rIwPSmtm;vHk; r[kwfapumrl pGJvef;rItenf;i,fudk y,fjzwfEdkif
vQifyif aomutenf;i,f? ab;tenf;i,fNidrf;NyD; edAÁmefcsrf;omtenf;i,fudk cHpm;&rnfomjzpf\/
'kw, d urÇmppftwGi;f u [D½&kd ;DS rm;ESihf em*gpuDwiG f tEkjrLAH;k BucJ sc&H aomaMumifh vlrsm; ode;f ESichf sND y;D
aoaomfvnf; xdo k wif;udMk um;&aom jrefrmtrsm;pku ][kwv f m;} ESihf ]aMomf} [laom pum;ESprf sK;d om
xGuf\/
1333ckEpS u f 'vESi&hf efuek u
f ;l aom wd;k at;oabFmepfí c&D;onf&m*Pef;rQ aoonfh
owif;udk Mum;&onfEiS hf jrefrmrsm;\EIwrf S ]tdk ..jzpfrjS zpf&av} ]uHq;kd vdu k w
f mAsm}[laom rcsw d ifuJ
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tEkjrLAH;k 'PfaMumifh *syefvrl sK;d rsm; ode;f ESichf sí
D aopOfu aomurjzpfb?J wd;k at;oabFm
epfpOfu &m*Pef;rQaoaom jrefrmrsm;udkusrS aomujzpf&onfrSm tb,fhaMumifhenf;[k qef;ppf
MunfhvQif tpGJtvef;wPSm &SdrSomvQif aomujzpfaMumif;rSm v,fjyifrSm qifoGm;ovdk xif&Sm;vS
ay\/
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0ge[kqdktyfaom wPSmrSxGufajrmufwwfaomaMumifh edAÁmef} [lí zGifhjyjcif;jzpf\/
ed*Hk;csKyftaejzifh ta&;wBuD; rSmvdkonfrSm edAÁmef[lonf bmrQr&Sdaom tbm0ynwf?
ew¬dabm ynwfrsKd; r[kwf/ wu,fht&Sdw&m; y&rwfrsKd;om jzpf\/ avmuwGif wu,fh t&Sdw&m;
y&rwfum; av;rsKd;om &Sd\/ ,if;wdkUum; -
pdwf = tm½Hkudk odwwfaom oabmw&m;/
apwoduf = pdwfudkrSDí jzpfwwfaom oabmw&m;/
½kyf = azmufjyefwwfaom oabmw&m;/
edAÁmef = tdk? em? ao uif;í Nidrf;at;aom oabmw&m;wdkUyif jzpf\/
pdwf? apwoduf? ½kyf[laom a&SUy&rw¬w&m;oHk;yg; xif&Sm;&SdouJhodkU edAÁmefonfvnf;
xif&Sm;&Sdaom oabmw&m;om jzpf\/ ax&myg'gef ygVdawmf jrefrmjyef yxrwGJ pmrsufESm (1) rS
(9) xdudk pm½Ioludk,fwdkif aoaocsmcsm zwfMunfhapcsif\/ bk&m;tavmif;awmf wdavmu pMum
rif;Bu;D jzpfawmfrpl Oftcgu ajrjyifrS aumif;uifa&mufonftxd Bu;D rm;jrifx h ,faom ausmif;awmf
BuD;udk wefcdk;jzifh aqmufvkyf\/
 xdkUaemuf ukwif? arGU,m? acgif;tHk;? vdkufum tpHktvifygaom tcef;rsm;udk bk&m;&Sif
rsm; pHaezdUk tcef;? yapöuAk'g¨ rsm; pHaezdUk tcef;? &[EÅmrsm; pHaezdUk tcef;[k oH;k rsK;d oH;k pm;cGí
J tcef;aygif;
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&[EÅmrsm;tm;vHk;wdkU þausmif;awmfBuD;ay:odkU acwåcP <ua&mufoDwif;oHk;&ef t"d|mefjzifh
yifhaqmif\/
bk&m;? yapöuAk'g¨ ? &[EÅmrsm;onf vlUb0u yHo k @mefrsm;twdik ;f zefqif;Ny;D wdavmu
pMumrif;BuD;\ ukodkvfawmfausmif;BuD;ay:odkU <ua&mufoDwif;oHk; tylaZmfcHawmfrlMuaMumif; Ak'¨
ud,k af wmfwikd f a[mMum;awmfrcl \ hJ / xdUk aMumifh edAmÁ ef[o
l nf y&rw¬tm;jzifh xifxif&mS ;&Sm; &Sad Mumif;
,HkMunf&J0HhpGm rSwfom;tyfyg\/
edAÁmefudk bmr&Sd[k
pmrMunfh zsef;um
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tbm0 ,ljyefvQif
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b,fusrf;*ef b,fvdka[maomfvnf;
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tyg,fwGif epfOD;awmhav; /
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edAmÁ ef[ol nf bmrQr&Sad om avvdk rD;cd;k vdk oabmw&m;[k pGypf aJG jymqd\ k / xdok Ukd edAmÁ efukd r[kwrf rSef
pGyfpGJajymqdkaom t,l0g'ESifhaovQif ,ru&[ef;onf tyg,fav;yg;odkUa&muf&rnf jzpf\/
xdkUaMumifh t&Sifom&dykwå&mu ,ru&[ef;udk ac:,lum edAÁmefonf bmrQr&Sdaom
w&m;r[kw?f xif&mS ;&Sad om w&m;jzpfaMumif; &Si;f jyaomtcgwGirf S ,ruonf Oapä'0g'rS vGwu f m
aomwmyef wnfoGm;cJh\/
 N*Kd [q
f ;kd jyóem
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at;csrf;aom aiGvJhuefawm&ausmif;odkU a&mufoGm;\/ xdkausmif;onf vSnf;ul;NrdKUe,f tpGefwGif
wnf&SdNyD; awm&ausmif;rS t&yfav;rsufESm av;rdkifausmfywfvnftwGif; v,fuGif;BuD;om&Sdojzifh
olawmfpifrsm;tBudKuf wdwfqdwfrI&oudk tjynfht0 ay;pGrf;Edkifonfh ae&mwpfckyif/
a&S;ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u wl;xm;aom uefBuD;wpfuef\ trnfonfyif awm&
ausmif;\emrnf jzpfomG ;jcif;yif/ ausmif;xdik q f &mawmf OD;Owå&onf aA'ifeu©wf 0goemygoljzpf\/
odkif;wwfolonf awGUolwdkif;ESifh odkif;upm;csif\/ pma&;olonfvnf; tawGUtBuHKxl;ESifh BuHKwdkif;
pma&;csif\/
xdkUtwl aA'ifq&mwdkif;onfvnf; &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifolwdkif;udk wGufcsufay;csifMu\/
xdUk aMumifh uREykf \f arG;ouú&mZfukd ar;Ny;D wGucf suaf vawmh\/ tajzud&k onfEiS hf ol\rsuv f ;kH onf
jyL;us,f 0dkif;pufvm\/ uREfkyfudkvnf; wjcm;urÇmuvmaom N*dK[fom;wpfaumiftvm; tHhMo
xl;qef;pGm pl;pdkufMunfhav\/
]]OD;Z0e? t&Sifbk&m;u wu,fhN*dK[fqdk;xJ a&mufaewmyJ? 'DN*dK[fqdk;xJ a&mufolwdkif;
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wuGt J usK;d enf; jzpf&wwfw,f? 0rf;Adu k f tcGtJ pdwcf &H wwfw,f/ 'grSr[kwf 0rf;Adu k rf mS 'Pf&mtBu;D
tus,f&udef;&Sdw,f/
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]]OD;Owå&&JU? aA'ifynmu bk&m;a[mrS r[kwfbJ? rSm;wJhtcgvnf; rSm;rSmaygh}}
]]wynhfawmf wGufvmwmMumNyD? 'DN*dK[fxJ a&mufvdkUuawmh 'ku©wpfckckawmh jzpfwmyJ?
wpfcgrS rvGJao;bl;}}
]]OD;Owå& pdwfrqdk;bl;qdk&if wpfckavmuf ar;Munfhcsifw,f}}
]]bmvdkU pdwfqdk;&rSmvJ bk&m;? ar;ygbk&m; ar;yg}}
]]'DN*dK[fqdk;xJ a&mufaevdkU apmapmuajymwJh raumif;usKd;awG jzpf&wm[m N*d[fqdk;
t"duvm;? tukodkvfuH t"duvm;}}
]]N*dK[fqdk;u t"duayghbk&m;? tukodkvfuHvnf; tenf;i,fawmh ygwmaygh}}
]]OD;Owå&u bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;wpfyg;jzpfaeNy;D [dEL´ bmomuvmwJh aA'ifzufuae
bufvdkuf ajzaewmyJ? uJ ..N*dK[fqdk;u t"duqdkwmudk OD;Owå& b,fvdkoufaojyrvJ}}
]]tJ'gawmh b,fvdkajz&rSef; rodbl; jzpfaew,f}}
 ]]'Dtcsufudk axmufaomtm;jzifh N*dK[fqdk;xJa&mufvdkU 'ku©awGU&wm[m N*dK[fqdk;u
t"dur[kwfbJ tukodkvfuHu t"duqdkwm ay:vGifaeNyDyJ? N*dK[fqdk;uom raumif;wJh 'ku©awGudk
jzpfapwmqdk&if N*dK[fqdk;xJ a&mufolwdkif; 'ku©awGU&r,f? rvGJ&bl;? vGJaeNyDqdk&ifvnf; bmaMumifh
vGJ&w,fqdkwmudk wdwdususeJU tajzudk auseyfatmifay;Edkif&r,f}}
]]'gqd&k if OD;Z0eu 'kua© wGU&w,fqw kd ahJ e&mrSm tukov kd uf u
H t"duvdUk qdck siw f maygh}}
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aoudef;&Sdw,fvdkU a[mzl;w,f? 'gayr,fh bmrSrjzpfcJhbl;}}
rSwfcsuf/ / xdt k aMumif; pdw0f ifpm;zG,tf us,u f kd ]rsu&f nfruscif odapcsi}f pmtkyf ]omoemESihf
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avmufudk a&csKd;zdkU aeUpOf yDygESpfq,favmuf wHkuifESdyfay;w,f? bk&m;rSefrSef 0wfwufw,f? *kPf
awmfyGm;w,f? arwåmydkUw,f? w&m;xdkifw,f? 'DukodkvfawG qufwkdufqdkovdk vkyfaewmqdkawmh
tukodkvfuHawG raumif;usKd;ay;cGifhr&bJ aemufqkwfoGm;vdkU aoab;u vGwfcJh&wmaygh/
]]tck touf (35)ESpf t&G,frSmvnf; OD;Owå& wGufcsufMunfhwJhtwdkif; raumif;wJh
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tukov kd u
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ygyJ}}
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ygbl;}}
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wpfyg; taMumif;aygh? oleef;wufawmh aA'ifq&mawGu a[mw,f? eef;pHouf (12)yJ &Sdw,fwJh?
olu ax&0g'Ak'¨bmomppfppfyJ? eef;wGif;xHk;pH&SdvdkUom aA'ifta[mcHcJhwm}}
]]*Pef;awG eu©wfawG N*dK[fawGu vlwpfa,mufudk aumif;usKd;çqdk;usKd;jzpfatmif vkyf
ray;Edkifbl;? ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuHuom aumif;usKd;çqdk;usKd;jzpfatmif vkyfay;Edkifw,fvdkU ,HkMunf
w,f? 'gaMumifh &[EÅmrax&fBuD;rsm;xH csOf;uyfNyD; oufwrf;&SnfapwJh ukodkvfuHrsm;taMumif;udk
a[mMum;zdkU avQmufxm;w,f?
rax&fBuD;rsm;u -
a&ppfvSLjcif;? aq;vSLjcif;?ausmif;opfaqmufjcif;? wHwm;a[mif; vrf;a[mif; jyKjyif
jcif;? ig;yg;oDvudk cg;0wfykqdk;vdk NrJNrHpGm apmifhxdef;jcif;? OykofaeUwdkif; &Spfyg;oDv apmifhxdef;jcif;
qdkwJh touf&SnfaMumif; ukodkvfajcmufrsKd;udk a[may;vdkufw,f}}
 ]]'DukodkvfajcmufrsKd;udk vdkufemjyKusifhwJhtwGuf 0obrif;BuD;[m eef;ouf tESpf (40)
txd eef;pHoGm;cJh&w,f? 'gvnf; {&mrukodkvfBuD;awGudk jyKvkyfEdkifwJh bk&ifrdkUvdkUyg? vlomrmefqdk&if
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]]wufcsifao;w,f bk&m;}}
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oufaotaMumif;udk qufNyD; em;axmifcsifvdkUyg}}
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vmwJh &Srf;trsKd;om;wpfa,muf &Sdw,f? olUemrnfu p0fEGHMunfwJh/
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]]bmudkvJ bk&m;}}
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xdkt*Fgig;csufrSm -
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olrsm;onf b,faomtcgrS atmifjrifrIudk r&Edkifay/
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(5) tbd&wdbm0em rdrdvkyfudkifaomvkyfief;ü ESpfESpfoufouf aysmfaysmfyg;yg; vkyfjcif;/
wdkUjzpfonf/
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vduk íf rrDEikd af y/ xdUk aMumifv
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jcif;jzpf\/ axmifusorl sm;? BuKd ;rdeUf usorl sm;? ola|;? Adv k cf sKyf polwUdk \ vu©Pmrsm;udv k nf; aocsm
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bmjzpfcJhonf qdkonfudk tMum;tjrifç&aeoluJhodkU wduspGma[mjyEdkifjcif; jzpf\/
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t*Fg ESpfrsKd;vHk;rygonfudk awGU&av\/
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tukodkvfuH tusKd;ay;aMumifh ,ckvdkjzpf&jcif;yif/ xdktcgrS trsKd;orD;onf udkif½dkxHodkU vma&muf
awmif;yefcJh\/
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 Vif;wjyóem
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f mG ;rnfqvkd Qif jrefrmwdUk onf
toufr&Sdawmhaom ½kyftavmif;aumifESifh bmrQxl;awmhrnf r[kwfawmhay/
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xdrdpGm Mo0g'ay;vdkufonfrSm -
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em;vQif cdkufwwfonf[laom t,ltqudk qef;ppfjyay;tHh/
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Vif;wudk ]iSu, f w k }f [k owfrw S ,
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(a&T[oFmawm&wdkuf? pHausmif;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\ ty&d[med,usrf;tzGifhrS)

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pD;ae&ma&mufaomaMumifh ]omoemh0efpD;} [kom ac:&\/
 omoemjyK[o
l nf
Ak'\ ¨ tqH;k tr a[majymrIrsm;udk ]omoem}[k ac:\/ xdo k moemonf yd#uwfpmay
rsm;rSm &S\ d / ]omoemjyK} [lonf udavomtylrsm;udk ukecf ef;apEdik af om xdt k qH;k trrsm;udk vlom;
wdUk \ ESv;kH tdro f Ukd a&mufomG ;atmif a&;om;a[majym oGeo f ifjyojcif;yif jzpf\/ xdUk aMumifh Ak'p¨ may
rsm;udk oiftH ydkUcsaeolrsm;? a&;om; a[majym jyoaeolrsm;onf omoemjyKtrnfcHxdkuf\/
xdkUaMumifh udk;awmifjynfh apwDav;wpfql wnfjyNyD; *Pef;ay; aiG&Smaeolrsm;onf
omoemjyK trnfcHxdkufolrsm; r[kwfaMumif; xif&Sm;\/ todÓPf enf;olrsm;onf wu,fwrf;
omoemjyKaeaom pmcsq&mawmfrsm;? w&m;a[m w&m;jyq&mawmfrsm;xuf bk&m;wnfjyaom
awmxGuf&[ef;rsm;? bdk;awmfrsm;? &aohrsm;udk ydkítxifBuD; av;pm;Mu\/
pmcsq&mawmfwpfyg; jzpfzdkU? w&m;a[m w&m;jyq&mawmfwpfyg;jzpfzdkU yd#uwfpmay
rsm;udk ESpu f mvMunf&n S pf mG avhvmoif,&l \/ bk&m;wpfql wnfjyzdUk twGuu f m; rnfonfh yd#uwf
pmayrS oif,pl &m rvdak y/ tkw?f oJ? bdvyfajr&Sv d Qif bk&m;wnfí&onfom jzpf\/ vltv kH ,G o f vdk
vmbfvmbvnf; qlNzdK;vG,f\/
xdt k csuu f kd em;vnfxm;aom vlvnf? vleyf? t&uform;? vl&rf;um;rsm;? axmifxu G f
rsm;onf &[ef;0wfNyD; vltrsm;jrifomatmif bk&m;wnfjyum *Pef;ay;aiGcsLjcif;udk jyKMuawmh\/
ppfreS ½f ;kd om;pGm bk&m;wnfow l Ukd &SMd uyg\/ odUk aomf rppfreS ?f r½d;k om;rIrsm;um; ydrk sm;\/ ,ck vufawGU
jyygawmhrnf/
udkndKonf tajymaumif;aom *Pef;ay;q&mawmf\ pum;udk ,HkMunf\/ tMunfndK
ydk\/ xdk*Pef;ay;q&mawmf\ ajr§mufvHk;tcsKdUudk Munfhyg/
]]'umawmf? bbke;f eJUawGUNyD bmrSryleUJ ? tm;&yg;& omoemjyK&r,f? a&TjynfomrSm&Sw d hJ
ADtdkifyDuGufxJu wdkufawGtm;vHk; rif;vufxJ a&mufvmap&r,f? a&TjynfomwpfNrdKUe,fvHk; EdkifvGef
uwå&mcif;r,fhol[m rif;yJ? b,folrS vmcif;ay;p&m rvdkbl;? bbkef;ay;wJh a[m'D*PÖef;udk &SdorQ
yHkatmNyD;omxdk;? ukefukefajymr,f? &SdorQaiGwifrubl;? tdrfa&mNcHa&mwku d af &mrdef;ra&mygaygifNyD;
xdk;? avmavmq,fawmh bbkef;ausmif;rSm a&cJaowåmeJU atmufpuf vdktyfaew,f? umv'ge
taeeJU vSLoGm;? wnfhwdk;zdkUtwGuf taxmuftyHhaygh}}
þuJo h Ukd ajrm§ ufv;kH yifv h ;kH rsm;jzifh aygif;pm;aom q&mrSm;rsK;d usvQif vlwUkd onf awG;ac:
pOf;pm;Edkifjcif; r&SdbJ? yHkatm vSLwwf\/ ,ckvnf; Munfhygav/ ,cif w&m;a[m? w&m;jyaeaom
q&maumif;q&mrSef q&mawmfwkef;u e0ur®twGuf ig;aomif;jynfhatmif rvSLzl;aom udkndKonf
*Pef;ay;aom q&mawmfudkum; odu©mxyfjcif;? xdkq&mawmf tkwfjrpfcsxm;aom apwDtwGuf
ig;odef;ausmfaom aiGudk vSL'gef;jcif;rsm;udk jyKav\/
xdt k ygwfu olUq&mawmfay;aom *Pef;um; wpfv;kH wpfavrQyif ygrvm/ aiGig;ode;f
om ukefoGm;\/ odkUaomf udkndKum; pdwf"gwfrusao;/ ]'Dtygwf tjrifrMunfvifvdkU vGJoGm;w,f?
aemuftygwfusvQif twdtusxu G &f r,f}[laom olUq&mawmf\ rufv;kH ay; avvH;k udk rsuv f ;kH rSwd f
,HMk unfaewke;f yif/ xdq k &mawmfonf touftm;jzifh ajcmufq,fausm&f jdS cif;? ud;k axmifjynfw h nf&ef
tkwfjrpf csjyxm;jcif;wdkUaMumifh vlvdrfwpfOD;jzpfvdrhfrnf[k rnfolrQ xifrSwfrxm;Muay/
xdkq&mawmfudk ,HkMunf odrSwf udk;uG,faeonfrSm av;vausmfoGm;ayNyD/ udkndKum;
ay;vdkufonfh *Pef;rsm; wpfcgrQ ygrvmaomtcg MunfndKav;pm;rItpm; a'go0ifvmawmh\/
olcsrf;omorQaom aiGusyfodef;ESpfq,fausmfonfvnf; ukefcJhavNyD/ ]aocsmrodbJ ighudk bmvdkU
'Dvdk pGyfxdk;cdkif;&wmvJ? rjzpfao;ygbl;? 'Dbkef;BuD;udk aocsmoGm;NyD; ar;MunfhOD;rS}[k awG;NyD; um;jzifh
xGufcJh\/
ausmif;odkU a&mufaomtcg olUq&mawmfESifhtwl toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;yg rusef
awmhonfudk awGU&\/ olwdkUESifhpawGUuwnf;u csjyxm;aom apwDtkwfjrpfudkvnf; onftwdkif;
awGU&\/ ]igwdkUvmwdkif; vSLaewJh tkwfzdk;? oJzdk;? bdvyfajrzdk;? xHk;zdk;awG b,fa&mufukefygvdr}fh [k
udknKd wpfa,muf ,ckrSyif awG;rdawmhonf/
ausmif;teD;NcHrsm;rS vlrsm;\ ajymjycsuft& xdkudk,fawmfonf &[ef;tppf r[kwfbJ
rdrdbmom ouFef;ywfvmaom axmifxGuf wpfa,mufom jzpfaMumif;? wjcm; NrdKU&Gmrsm;wGifvnf;
,ckvdkyif vdrfpm;aeoljzpfaMumif; od&ayawmhonf/ udkndKwpfa,muf q&mrSm;jcif;\'Pfudk weifh
wydk;cHpm;&if; acgif;idkufpdkufcsum tdrfjyefvm½HkrSwpfyg; tjcm;r&Sdawmhygacs/ /
ezl;pGef;ESifh? 'l;yGef;cHum
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(v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;)

azmifa';&Sif;raumif;í wdkufNydKjcif;
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ygyum&D p ygyuH/
- csKdaomrsKd;aphudk pdkufysKd;aomolonf csKdaomtoD;udk aqmif&\/
- cg;aomrsKd;aphudk pdkufysKd;aomolonf cg;aomtoD;udk aqmif&\/
- xdkUtwl aumif;aom(ukodkvftrI)udk jyKaomolonf aumif;aomtusKd;udk cHpm;&\/
- raumif;aom(tukodkvftrI)udk jyKaomolonf raumif;aomtusKd;udk cHpm;&\/
 Ak'¨bmom0ifwkdU xm;&Sd&rnfh tjrifrSef ig;rsKd;&Sd\/ ,if;wdkUum; -
(1) ur®óuwm or®m'd|d tjrifrSef/
(2) 0dyóem or®m'd|d tjrifrSef/
(3) r*¾ or®m'd|d tjrifrSef/
(4) zv or®m'd|d tjrifrSef/
(5) ypöa0u©Pm or®m'd|d tjrifrSef/ wdkU jzpf\/
ur®óuwm orm'd|d tjrifrSef - [lonf azmfjyyg *gxmt"dyÜg,ftwdkif; ukodkvfvkyf
vQif aumif;usKd;cHpm;&rnf/ tukodkvfvkyfvQif raumif;usKd;cHpm;&rnf[k jywfjywfom;om; &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif; ,HkMunfjcif;yif jzpf\/
oH;k q,fw h pfbo kH m; tm;vH;k wdUk wGif azmufjyefwwfaom oabmw&m;&So d nfh ½ky"f mwfEiS hf
tm½Hkudkodwwfonfh oabmw&m;&Sdonfh emrf"mwfom&Sdonf[k &Sif;vif;pGm ,lqrdjcif;udk ]0dyóem
or®m'd|d} [kac:\/
udavomudk y,fowfí opömav;yg;udk xdk;xGif;odjcif;udk ]r*¾or®m'd|d} [k ac:í
udavom tNidrf;"mwfudk cHpm;jcif;udk ]zvor®m'd|d} [k ac:\/
y,fNyD;udavomESifh ry,f&ao;aom udavomrsm;udk jyefvnfí qifjcifMunfhjcif;udk
]ypöa0u©Pm or®m'd|d} [k ac:\/
xdkig;rsKd;wGif Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkif;ü rjzpfrae&Sd&rnfh tjrifrSefum; ]ur®óuwm or®m
'd|d} yif jzpf\/ tajccH ,HkMunfcsufjzpfonfh ur®óuwmor®m'd|d tjrifrSefrS r&SdvQif useftjrifrSef
rsm;vnf; &SdvmEdkifrnf r[kwfay/ ajrjyifwGif aqmufvkyfxm;aom wdkufwpfvHk;onf tajccHazmif
a';&Sif; raumif;vQif cPESihfNydK\/
xdkUtwl Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfa,mufonfvnf; ur®óuwmor®m'd|d[laom azmifa';
&Si;f raumif;vQif twd'u k a© &mufwwf\/ b0ysuw f wf\/ bmomajymif;wwf\/ xdUk aMumifh ur®ó
uwmor®m'd|d tjrifrSef&&ef pmtkyfaumif;rsm;udk zwfoifh\/ q&maumif;rsm;xH qnf;uyfar;jref;
oifh\/
xdt k jrifreS u f kd odv, G af tmifrw S ef nf;rSm tdraf xmifa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlraI &;? use;f rma&;
tqifrajyjcif;onf raumif;rI tukodkvfuHaMumifh jzpfonf/ xdktukodkvfuHonf twdwfb0u
aomfvnf;aumif;? ypöub © 0wGiaf omfvnf;aumif; jyKcMhJ ujcif;jzpfonf/ wpfzef tdraf xmifa&;? pD;yGm;
a&;? vlraI &;? use;f rma&; aumif;rGeaf ejcif;onf twdwb f 0? ypöub © 0 wpfcck u k jyKcahJ om ukov kd u
f H
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ukodkvfa&ESifhom Nid§rf;&\/ aA'ifq&m? bdk;awmf? r,fawmf? ewfuawmfwdkUu rdrd\ tukodkvfrD;udk
Nid§rf;ay;Edkifvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ ]]apwem [H bdu©a0 ur®H 0'grd}} [laom bk&m;a[m a'oemt&
apwemudk uH[kqdkxm;&m bmoma&;wGif omru pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;udpörsm;wGifyg apwemaumif;
xm;vQif aumif;usKd;ay;rnf jzpf\/
 uH\ tusK;d ay;udk aocsmpGm em;rvnfojzifh b0ysuo f mG ;&aom rdom;pkwpfpt k aMumif;
udk vufawGUwifjycsif\/
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&SmMu&onf/ olwdkUonf qdkifcef;wpfcef;iSm;um qef? qDESifh ig;ydwdkUudk t"duxm;a&mif;csonf/
om;trdESpfa,mufvHk; apwemvnf; xm;? BudK;vnf; BudK;pm;MuaomaMumifh a&mif;a&;
0,fa&; atmifjrif\/ ydv k QaH om tjrwfaiGrsm;ESihf txufpuf atmufpuf0,fum tdrw f iG ½f akH qmufNy;D
AD',D kd jyvdu
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0rf;omrd\/
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wpfa,muf uREykf \ f ausmif;odUk &Tiv f ef;wuf<upGm a&mufvm\/ pmtdww f pftw d Ef iS thf wl tcsK&d nf
ykvif;rsm;? rkefUyHk;rsm;udk qufuyfvSL'gef;\/ xdkUaemuf 0if;jrifhu avQmuf\/
]]q&mawmf 0w¬KaiG 5000 uawmh ypönf;av;yg;twGuf vdktyfwJhae&mrSm toHk;jyKzdkU
taru avQmufxm;ckdif;ygw,f bk&m;? taruawmh qdkifucGmr&vdkU vdkufrvmwmyg bk&m;}}
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pm;eJU wGufvdkuf&if wpfygwfudk aomif;eJUcsD &w,fbk&m;? 'DMum;xJu wynfhawmfa&m rdom;pkyg
csJxdk;Muwm tNrJvdkvdkaygufw,fbk&m;? 'gaMumifh wjcm;pD;yGm;a&;awG jzKwfypfNyD; csJyJvkyfawmhrvdkU
bk&m;}}
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jzpfaeaomfvnf; uHEiS hf uH\tusK;d udu k m; wu,fem;rvnfao;ay/ xdUk aMumifh olwUkd rdom;pktwGuf
&ifav;rd\/ raumif;wmudk wm;jrpfzdkU q&mrSmwm0ef&Sd\/ xdkUaMumifhvnf; -
]]armif0if;jrihf? q&mjzpfwJh wdkU&[ef;awGrSm 'um? 'umrawGtay: usifh&r,fh 0wå&m;
ajcmufrsKd;&Sdw,f? 'DajcmufrsKd;xJrSm raumif;rIvkyfaewmudk wm;jrpfzdkUeJU aumif;wmudk ñTefjyzdkUqdkwJh
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]]rSefyg? ajymjyygbk&m;}}
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&Sdw,f)vdkU zGifhjyw,f}}
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 ]]rSmwmu olao&if b,folUtavmif;rS rjr§Kyfzl;ao;wJhae&mrSm jr§Kyfay;&rwJh? 'gudk
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t&u©orÜ'g - &vmaomOpömudk ,dkaygufr&Sdatmif apmifha&Smuf&rnf/
orZD0dworÜ'g - 0ifaiGESifh xGufaiGudk rQwatmif oHk;pGJ&rnf/
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rdwfaqGaumif; &Sd&rnf/
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udk,fpdwfESpfjzm csrf;omMuygap
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arwåm&Sif (a&Tjynfom)
 rdrdudk,fawGU? q&mhudk,fawGUESifhrNyD;
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Ak'¨udk,fawGU ygVdawmf
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taMumif;um;
trSm;omjzpfonf/
Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD; raumif;wmvkyfvQif
rdrdomru q&mawmf t&SifZ0e
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odu©musEdkifaomaMumifhyifwnf;/

q&mawmf t&SifZ0e
arwåm&Sif (a&Tjynfom)

bkef;uHBuD;rm;wdkif; &[EÅmr[kwf/
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aumif;uifysHEdkifwdkif;vnf; &[EÅmr[kwf/
&[EÅmwdkif;vnf; aumif;uifrysHEdkif/
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arwåm&Sif (a&Tjynfom)
 q&mawmf t½SiZf 0e arwåm½Sif (a½Tjynfom) \
]] xkwa
f 0Ny;D pmtkyr
f sm; }}
1/ rsuf&nfruscif odapcsif
2/ ,HkrSwfvdkU yHktyfrdolrsm;taMumif; (1)
3/ ,HkrSwfvdkU yHktyfrdolrsm;taMumif; (2)
4/ o&P*HktpGrf; tHhrcef;
5/ arwåmtpGrf; tHhrcef;
6/ oDvtpGrf; tHhrcef;
7/ pm&dwåowåd
8/ r*fwm;zdkvfwm; tEÅ&m,frsm;
9/ twGif;&efol
10/ rdbarwåm&opmpkrsm; (rif;[def;xd0fESifhtwl)
11/ jrefrmwdkU\touf
12/ t½IH;r&Sdaom 'óe
13/ Aprofitable Philosophy
14/ vli,frsm;twGuf *rÇD&0dyóem (1+2)
15/ vli,frsm;twGuf *rÇD&0dyóem (3+4)
16/ vli,frsm;twGuf *rÇD&0dyóem (5+6)
17/ yg&rDxdkufaom'geESifh yg&rDrxdkufaom'ge
18/ b0ESifh&if;&aom tawG;tjrifrsm; (1)
19/ b0ESifh&if;&aom tawG;tjrifrsm; (2)
20/ rd½dk;zvmAk'¨bmomESifh wu,fhAk'¨bmom (tdwfaqmif)
21/ wu,fhAk'¨bmomESifh opöav;yg; (tdwfaqmif)
22/ ausmif;tr ewforD;tvSBuD; (tdwfaqmif)
23/ pkefvrf;ESifhqefvrf; (tdwfaqmif)
24/ taojrwfcsif aoenf;oif (tdwfaqmif)
25/ tpmpm;&if; r*fzdkvf&atmifusifhaqmifjcif; (tdwfaqmif)
26/ arwåmjzifh pD;yGm;&Smjcif;
27/ onmodESifh ynmod (ok'¨d0dyóemusifhpOf)
28/ q&maumif;udk &SmazGjcif;
29/ r*fzdkvf&rnfh orm"dtqifhqifh
30/ udk;q,fhudk;urÇm idkcJh&olrsm;taMumif;
31/ ax&0g'rSwfausmuf
32/ vljzpf&jcif;\ t"du&nf&G,fcsuf