The material included in Appendix A is reproduced with thepermission of Apple Computer, Inc. It is originally printed in "TheApple II Reference Manual" copyrighted by Apple Computer.Thanks is hereby given to Apple Computer for allowing repro-duction herein.COPYRIGHT (C) 1981 BY DATAMOSTThis manual is published and copyrighted by DATAMOST. Allrights are reserved by DATAMOST. Copying, duplicating, sellingor otherwise distributing this product is hereby expressly forbid-den except by prior written consent of DATAMOST.The word APPLE and the Apple logo are registered trademarksof APPLE COMPUTER, INC.APPLE COMPUTER, INC. was not in any way involved in thewriting or other preparation of this manual, nor were the factspresented here reviewed for accuracy by that company. Use ofthe term APPLE should not be construed to represent any en-dorsement, official or otherwise, by APPLE COMPUTER, INC.i*****************************************************************TABLE OF CONTENTSNOTEAn alphabetical index is located in the back of this manual.Chapter 1INTRODUCTION 1-1Purpose of Manual 1-1Scope of Manual 1-1General 1-1Chapter 2SYMBOLISM 2-1General 2-1Bit Strings 2-3Binary Arithmetic 2-8Unsigned Integers 2-9Nibbles (NYBBLES?), Bytes, and Words 2-10Signed Integers 2-11Hexadecimal Numbers 2-13Radix and Other Nasty Diseases 2-14ASCII Character Set 2-14Using Bit Strings to Represent Instructions 2-16Chapter 3REGISTERS, INSTRUCTION FORMATS,AND ADDRESSING 3-1General 3-1Accumulator (A or ACC) 3-3X-Register (X) 3-3