مفهوم السياسة الشرعية 1

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ﻟﺍﻞﺼﻔ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ: ﺔﻐﻟ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ

"ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ"ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻱﺃ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺱﺎﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺪﺼﻣﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺪﻳﺯ ﺱﺎﺳ ،:ﻱﺃ ﻡﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﻪﺳﻮﺳﻭ ﻩﺮﻣﺄﺑ ﻡﺎﻗﻭ ﻩﺮﺑﺩ ﻢﻫﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﲑﺑﺪﺘﺑ ﻡﺎﻗ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﻭ ،ﺲﺋﺎﺳ ﻮﻬﻓ ﻩﻮﺳﺎﺳﺃﻭ ﻢﻬﺳﻮﺴﻳ ﻩﻮﻠﻌﺟ

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.ﷲﺍ ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﻝﺎﻗ

ρ

) :ﺖﻧﺎﻛﺀﺎﻴﺒﻧﻷﺍ ﻢﻬﺳﻮﺴﺗ ﻞﻴﺋﺍﺮﺳﺇ ﻮﻨﺑ(

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ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﻻﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻞﻌﻔﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺀﺎﻴﺒﻧﻷﺍ ﻢﻫﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﱃﻮﺘﺗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻱﺃ.

ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﻝﺎﻘﻳﻭ:ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﲑﺑﺪﺘﺑ ﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﺭﺪﻣﻭ ﺏﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﺋﺍﺭ ﻱﺃ ﺎﻬﺿﺍﺭﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺏﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺱﻮﺴﻳ ﻮﻫ

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.ﻦﻋﺎﻤﻬﻨﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻲﺿﺭ ﺮﻜﺑ ﰊﺃ ﺖﻨﺑ ﺀﺎﲰﺃﺖﻟﺎﻗ ،ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻃ ﺔﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﰲ):ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﲏﻴﻔﻜﺗ ﻡﺩﺎﲞ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﻜﺑ ﻮﺑﺃ ﹼﱄﺇ ﻞﺳﺭﺃ ﱴﺣ ﲏﻘﺘﻋﺃ ﺎﳕﺄﻜﻓ ﺱﺮﻔﻟﺍ(

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.

ﻥﺫﺇ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺎﻓ:ﻪﺤﻠﺼﻳ ﺎﲟ ﻩﲑﺑﺪﺗﻭ ﺀﻲﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ.

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.يا ا:،تو ،ا راد ،ا سأ ،يا   د1409 – 1989م)ص:313( إ رو ،:يا/سأ رو أ هاإ ،ا:د.د ،أ هاإ. ا ا ،ا ا ،أ ا   ،اا  ، ا )1/462(، إ رو: رو أ هاإ/يزاا ،ا ا:أ  تو ،ن  ،حا ر ،يزاا ردا   1992م)ص: 135( إ رو ،:يزاا/ر ا ،حا ر:تو ،ا راد ،وا ا ،با ن ،ر  م   ا ل1410 – 1990م)6/108( إ رو ،:ر ا/ا نّ ا ،ب:،تو ،ن  ،ا حا ،يا ّ ا   أ)ص:112(، إ رو:ّ ا/ا حا.

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.ار ،يرا أ:يرا:يرا  ،إ   ا  أ)ا   يرا   عا( آ ر ، اأو  دأو.ةها ،ثا نا راد ،وا ا ،ا  دا 1407 – 1986بآ ،م)60(ب)50(ر:3455)6/571( إ رو ،: يرا/ار ، أو ،يرا   يرا :: ا يا جا   جا أ  ،ير)جا  عا يو   ح(تة ،ا ا راد ،وا ا ،1347 – 1929لو لوا ا  ءا بو ب ،ةرا بآ ،م)12/ 231( إ رو ،:/  ا أو ،و ير ا ،يوا ح     :،ا ،وا    ا  أ :بآ ،تو ،ا ا راد ،ا  دا )24(ب)42(ر:2871)2/958( إ رو ،:  ا/ أ أو ،ا : ،ا ،ا   أ:ا  ا تو ،ا راد ،وا ا ،ور1411 – 1991،مر:7965)3/156(، إ رو :أ/ا.

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.ا:ر ا/با ن)6/108. (

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.ار ،يرا أ:يرا/بآ ،يرا   يرا )67(ب)107(ر:5224)9/230.(، اويا ا أ او ر   أ أ:2704)10/278" (:    سا  ."

2

ﱐﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ: ﺔﻐﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ

ﺎﻣﺃﻭ"ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ"ﻆﻔﻟ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺫﻮﺧﺄﻣ ﻲﻬﻓ"ﻉﺮﺷ"ﻩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ،:ﻦﺳﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ

1

.ﺔﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺎﺃ ﺪﻴﻔﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻳﻭﱄﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ،ﻉﺮﺸﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﻮﻨﺴﻣﻭ:

ﺃ -

ﷲﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣﻭ ﺔﻧﻮﻨﺴﻣ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺫﺇ

Υ

)ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﲏﻌﻳ(

2

ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﰲ ﺀﺎﺟ ﺎﻤﻛ

Υ

:

)

ﻦﻣ ﻢﹸﻜﹶﻟ ﻉﺮﺷ ﻗﹶﺃ ﹾﻥﹶﺃ ﻰﺴﻴﻋﻭ ﻰﺳﻮﻣﻭ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﹺﺇ ﻪﹺﺑ ﺎﻨﻴﺻﻭ ﺎﻣﻭ ﻚﻴﹶﻟﹺﺇ ﺎﻨﻴﺣﻭﹶﺃ ﻱﺬﱠﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﺣﻮﻧ ﻪﹺﺑ ﻰﺻﻭ ﺎﻣ ﹺﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺍﻮﹸﻗﺮﹶﻔﺘﺗ ﻻﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺍﻮﻤﻴ ﻪﻴﻓ

(

3

.ﻭﺪﺒﻌﺘﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺍﻮﻗﺮﻔﺘﺗ ﻻﻭ ﻖﳊﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﺇ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻳﺃ ﻢﻜﺑﺭ ﻢﻜﻟ ﻉﺮﺷ ﻱﺃﷲﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺍ

Υ

ﻮﻫﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺩ ﲑﻏ ﺍﻮﻌﺒﺘﺗﻭﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ

4

.ﺏ-ﺔﻴﲰﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﳉﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻭﺮﺸﻣﻭ ﺔﻧﻮﻨﺴﻣ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻌﻳﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﳉﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻣﺃﻭ.

ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﳌﺍ: ﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ

ﺎﳘ ،ﲔﻤﺴﻗ ﰲ ﺎﳍﺎﲨﺇ ﻦﻜﳝ ،ﺓﺪﻋ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﺑ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺖﻓﺮﻋ:

ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ:ﲔﻣﺪﻗﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ :

ﻉﻼﻃﻻﺍ ﺪﺼﻘﺑ ﺎﻨﻳﺪﻳﺃ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻨﻟ ،ﲔﻣﺪﻗﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺘﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺩﺭﻭﺃﺎﻬﺘﻘﻴﻘﺣﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻣﺍﺮﻣﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ:

ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺍ):ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﲟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ(

ﺃ -

ﺍ ﻝﺎﻗﻞﻴﻘﻋ ﻦﺑ):ﻝﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻪﻌﻀﻳ ﱂ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺪﻌﺑﺃﻭ ﺡﻼﺼﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺏﺮﻗﺃ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻼﻌﻓ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺎﻣ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ

ρ

ﻲﺣﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺰﻧ ﻻﻭ(

5

.

1

.ا: رو أ هاإ/ ا ا)2/479(يزاا ،/حا ر)ص:140(ر ا ،/با ن)8/176(يد زوا ،:  ا ،ا سا ،ب  :تو ،ا  ،ا ا ،ا   ثاا  147 – 1987م)ص: 946( إ رو ،:يد زوا/ ا سا.

2

.ه أ ا: ا ار ،هرو    ء سا درّ /ا حا)ص:118. (

3

.ىرا:13.

4

.ا:يا:تو ،ا راد ،نا و  نا  ،    أ1408 – 1988م)13/14( إ رو ،:يا/ نا.

5

.ا ا ا اه : ،ا ا  ا قا ،ا را  أ   ا  أ:ا راد ،ا   تو ،ا)ص:13( إ رو ،:ا ا/ا ا ،ا قا: ا مإ ، أ   ا  أ ،ا بر  : تو ،ا راد ،ا ا ،ا  ا 1397 – 1977م)4/372( إ رو ،:ا ا/ا مإ.

3

ﺏ-ﺎﺄﺑ ﻢﻴﳒ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻋ ﺪﻗﻭ):ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺩﺮﻳ ﱂ ﻥﺇﻭ ﺎﻫﺍﺮﻳ ﺔﺤﻠﺼﳌ ﻢﻛﺎﳊﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﻲﺷ ﻞﻌﻓ(

1

.ﺕ-ﺎﺄﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﺑﺎﻋ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻋﻭ):ﻖﻠﳋﺍ ﺡﻼﺼﺘﺳﺍﺓﺮﺧﻵﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻧﺪﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻲﺠﻨﳌﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻢﻫﺩﺎﺷﺭﺈﺑ(

2

.ﺙ-ﺎﺄﺑ ﻲﻣﲑﺠﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻋﻭ):ﻢﻫﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﲑﺑﺪﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻣﺃ ﺡﻼﺻﺇ(

3

.ﺝ-

ﺎﺄﺑ ﺔﺒﹶﻠﹶﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻠﻃ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﰲ ﺕﺩﺭﻭ):ﺎﻔﻨﻋﻭ ﺎﻔﻄﻟ ﺎﻬﺤﻠﺼﻳ ﺎﲟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻃﺎﻴﺣ(

4

.ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱃﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺇ)ﺎﻬﺣﻭﺮﺷ ﻦﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ(ﻖﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺮﻬﻈﺗﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ:

ﻻﻭﺃ:

ﺎ ﺍﻭﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﻢﺇ:ﻢﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ ﺎ ﻡﺎﻗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ)ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ(ﻖﻘﳛ ﺎﲟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺷ ﲑﺑﺪﺗ ﰲ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﰲ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺕﻻﺎ ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺟﺮﻳ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﻢﻬﳊﺎﺼﻣﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺷ ﻊﻴﻤﳉ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺷﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﻰﻘﺒﺘﻓﺎﻫﻭﺮﻣﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺮ .

ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ :

ﺎﻴﻧﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﺧﺃﻭ ﻢﻫﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﰲ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺢﻠﺼﻳ ﺎﲟ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣﻝﺎﻤﻜﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻛ ﻞﺑ ﺎﳘﺪﺣﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﻐﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻼﻓ ﺓﺮﺧﻶﻟ ﺮﺴﺟ ﺔﺑﺎﺜﲟ

5

.

ﺎﺜﻟﺎﺛ :

ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻝﻭﺆﺴﳌﺍ ﻮﻫ ﻢﻠﺴﳌﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﻹﺍ.

ﺎﻌﺑﺍﺭ:

ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﻀﺘﻘﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ.

ﺕﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬ ﺍﻭﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﻢﺃ ﺎﻨﻟ ﲔﺒﺘﻳ ﺍﺬﻭ"ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ"ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺆﺷ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﱃﺇ ﻦﻳﺪﺑﺎﻋ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻪﺒﻧ:ﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻠﻟ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺍﺬﻫﷲﺍ ﻪﻋﺮﺷ ﺎﻣ ﻊﻴﲨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻗﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺔ

Υ

ﻦﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺒﻌﻟﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﻷﺍ

6

.

ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺍ):ﺹﺎﳋﺍ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﲟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ(

ﺃ -

ﺎﺄﺑ ﻢﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻦﻳﺪﺑﺎﻋ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻞﻘﻧ):ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﳌ ﺎﻤﺴﺣ ﻲﻋﺮﺷ ﻢﻜﺣ ﺎﳍ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﺟ ﻆﻴﻠﻐﺗ.(ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﲎﻌﻣﻭ":ﻠﻐﺗﻆﻴ ﺔﻳﺎﻨﺟ"ﻱﺃ ،":ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻆﻴﻠﻐﺗ"ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﲎﻌﻣﻭ ،":ﻲﻋﺮﺷ ﻢﻜﺣ ﺎﳍ" :"ﺺﻨﻳ ﱂ ﻥﺇﻭ ﻉﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﺖﲢ ﺔﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺎﺃ ﺎﻬﺻﻮﺼﲞ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ"

7

.

1

. ا:ا با راد ،ا ا ،ا آ ح اا ا ، ا ا ر)5/11( إ رو ،: ا/اا ا.

2

 ا:تو ،ا راد ،ا ا ،را را  را در  ،أ 1386 – 1966م)4/15( إ رو ،: ا/ را در .يا: ر و ،ا قواو تا   تا ،يا ا   بأ ءا أ:د.ورد ن تو ،ا  ،ا ا ،يا و1413 – 1993م)ص:510( و ، إ ر:يا/تا.يا:    ا ا را ماأ  ،نا تا فّ آ ،يا1317)1/733ه و( إ رو ،:يا/نا تا فّ آ.

3

.ا: ا  ا  ،    ن  ،ةا ا ،با  ح ا  ا ةّ ا   دوأو ا ا1369 – 1956م)2/178( إ رو ،:ا/ا  ا.

4

.ا:ا  ا ا :  ،ا تا  َ َ ا ِ دا ا1311)ص:167( إ رو ،:ا/ ا .

5

.ا:را:تو ،ا  ،ا ا ،او ا  ا ا  ،را  رآا1407 – 1987م)ص: 189ا( إ رو ،:را/ا ا .

6

. ا/را در )4/15. (

7

.ا ا)4/15( –  يا     و: ّ  ع.

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