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 1
150 chess endingsBy Jan van Reek 
Fifty-two endgame experts were selected from the over-the-board players. Their 150 best over-the-board, theoretical and composed endings got new annotations.Great innovators are Philidor, Lasker, Botvinnik and Kramnik. Philidor played thefirst recorded endgame of acceptable quality. Lasker used endgame technique as a weapon. He approached perfection in some games. Botvinnik scored wins andsaved games by superior analyses of adjourned games. Kramnik applies all aspectsof struggle and prophylaxis with great talent.Other experts from the list of fifty are Tarrasch, Rubinstein, Capablanca, Euwe,Reshevsky, Keres, Smyslov, Petrosian, Korchnoi, Fischer, Karpov and Kasparov.The endings are a small selection from a series of thirty books on chess players asendgame artists.The games diverts from the usual order in two ways: A. Players are rank ordered by year of birth.B. The round number has been used for the follow-up of the endings by theexpert.
(1) Bruehl,Count John - Philidor,Francois [C23]
Philidor London 1783 (1), 1726
[JvR] 
Modern positional play begins with the musician Philidor (1726–1795). He likes tosupport pawns by pieces from behind. His eyes are blindfolded in this game.
1.e4
Philidor has the better pawn structure in the endgame. He can attack on bothflanks.
1...e5 2.¥c4 c6 3.£e2 d6 4.c3 f5 5.d3 ¤f6 6.exf5 ¥xf5 7.d4 e4 8.¥g5d5 9.¥b3 ¥d6 10.¤d2 ¤bd7 11.h3 h6 12.¥e3 £e7 13.f4 h5 14.c4 a615.cxd5 cxd5 16.£f2 0–0 17.¤e2 b5 18.0–0 ¤b6 19.¤g3 g6 20.¦ac1 ¤c421.¤xf5 gxf5 22.£g3+ £g7 23.£xg7+ ¢xg7 24.¥xc4 bxc4 25.g3 ¦ab826.b3
 
 2
Philidor has the better pawn structure in the endgame. He can attack on bothflanks.
26...¥a3 27.¦c2 cxb3 28.axb3?
[A weakness is avoided by 28.¤xb3 ]
28...¦fc8 29.¦xc8 ¦xc8 30.¦a1 ¥b4 31.¦xa6 ¦c3 32.¢f2 ¦d3 33.¦a2¥xd2 34.¦xd2 ¦xb3
Black pressures on the queenside.
35.¦c2 h4!
The attackswitches to the kingside.
36.¦c7+ ¢g6 37.gxh4 ¤h5 38.¦d7
[38.¦c6+ ¢f739.¦c7+ ¢e6 40.¦c6+!; 38.¢e2 ¤g3+ 39.¢f2 ¤f1 leads to the game. 40.¢xf1 ¦xe341.¦d7 ¦f3+ 42.¢g2]
38...¤xf4!
Philidor sees a combination despite of theblindfold. [When Black plays 38...¤f6 or; 38...¦b5 he will make no progress.]
39.¥xf4 ¦f3+ 40.¢g2 ¦xf4 41.¦xd5 ¦f3
Philidor has his favorite connectedpassed pawns.
42.¦d8 ¦d3 43.d5 f4 44.d6 ¦d2+ 45.¢f1 ¢f7 46.h5 e3 47.h6??
[47.¦d7+! ¢e6 48.¦d8! leads to an escape.]
47...f3
This is the first acceptablepractical endgame that I could find.
0–1
 
(2) Philidor,Francois
Philidor L'analyse des echecs 1749 (2), 1726
[JvR] 
Endgame theory started with Polerio, Greco and Stamma. Philidor also made valuable contributions. He formulated the basics for the endgame of rook andbishop versus rook.
1.¦f8+ ¦e8 2.¦f7 ¦e2!
[2...¦h8 3.¦a7 ¦h6+ 4.¥e6 leads tomate.]
3.¦g7!
The black rook is forced to a less favorable square.
3...¦e1
[Weak is3...¦e3 4.¦b7]
4.¦b7 ¦c1
[Another interesting variation is 4...¢c8 5.¦a7! ¦b16.¦h7! ¢b8
(6...¦b6+ 7.¥c6) 
7.¦h8+ ¢a7 8.¦a8+ ¢b6 9.¦b8+]
5.¥b3!!
This move would make no sense if the black rook should be on c2.
5...¦c3!
The rook movesto a bad rank. [White also wins in 5...¢c8 6.¦b4 ¢d8 7.¦f4 ¦e1
(7...¢c8 8.¥d5 ¢b8 9.¦a4) 
8.¥a4 ¢c8 9.¥c6 ¦d1+ 10.¥d5 ¢b8 11.¦a4]
6.¥e6 ¦d3+ 7.¥d5 ¦c3
[7...¢c8 8.¦a7 loses at once.]
8.¦d7+! ¢c8
[Or 8...¢e8 9.¦g7]
9.¦f7 ¢b810.¦b7+ ¢c8 11.¦b4! ¢d8
[The first point of the last white move is 11...¦d312.¦a4]
12.¥c4!!
The second point:
12...¢c8 13.¥e6+ ¢d8 14.¦b8+ ¦c815.¦xc8# 1–0
 
 
 3
(3) De la Bourdonnais,Louis
Bourdonnais La Palamede 1837, 1797
[JvR] 
De la Bourdonnais (1797–1840) played a series of six matches with MacDonnell inLondon 1834. It was the first long international chess event. The tactical talent of theFrenchman prevailed. He composed a simple endgame study.
1.c8¤+!
Calvi andDe la Bourdonnais supported the idea of minor promotion as a law of chess.[1.£h7+? ¢f6! leads to a repetition of moves.]
1...¢e8
[1...¢d8 2.£xd3+ ¢xc83.¢xe2 f1£+ 4.¢xf1 ¢c7 5.£g6]
2.£g6+ ¢f8 3.£f6+ ¢g8 4.¤e7+ ¢h7 5.£g6+¢h8 6.£g8# 1–0
 
(4) Kling & Horwitz
Horwitz Chess Studies 1851, 1807
[JvR] 
Bernhard Horwitz (1807–1885) moved from Germany to London in 1846. Stauntondefeated him in a match. He cooperated with the chess composer Josef Kling.
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