Digital Electronics

8. Logic Gates

©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

 INTRODUCTION
• The AND Gate • Gates with More Than Two
• The OR Gate Inputs
• The Inverter • Using Inverters to Convert
Gates
• The NAND Gate
• TTL & CMOS Gates
• The NOR Gate
• Troubleshooting Gating
• The XOR Gate Circuits
• The XNOR Gate • IEEE Logic Symbols
• NAND as Universal Gate • Logic Functions using
Software
• “All or Nothing Gate”

• Boolean Expression: A · B = Y

• Truth Table (See next slide)

Truth Table - AND Gate

B A Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
 QUIZ
What is the output of the AND gate?

L H
? ?
L H

L H
? ?
H L

Unique Output: Output HIGH only when all inputs are HIGH.
• “Any or All Gate”

• Boolean Expression: A + B = Y

• Truth Table (See next slide)

Truth Table - OR Gate

B A Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
 QUIZ
What is the output of the OR gate?
H H
? ?
H L

L L
? ?
L H

Unique Output: Output LOW only when all inputs are LOW.
• NOT Circuit

• Gives output that is not the same as the input.

• Boolean Expression: Y = A or Y = A‘

• Double inverting: A = A

• NOT gate inverts, or complements, or negates

• NOT AND or inverted AND function.

• Boolean Expression: A · B = Y
or (A · B)' = Y

• Truth Table (See next slide)

Truth Table - NAND Gate

B A AND NAND
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
 QUIZ
What is the output of the NAND gate?
L L
?High ?High
L H

H H
?Low ?High
H L

Unique Output: Output LOW only when all inputs are HIGH.
• NOT OR or Inverted OR

• Boolean Expression: A + B = Y
or (A + B)' = Y

• Truth Table (See next slide)

Truth Table - NOR Gate

B A OR NOR
0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0
• Known as “Exclusive OR” Gate
• “Anything but not all” Gate
• Boolean Expression: A  B=Y
• Truth Table (See next slide)
Truth Table - XOR Gate

B A OR XOR
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0
• Known as the Exclusive NOR Gate

• The Inverted XOR

• Boolean Expression: A  B=Y

or (A  B)' = Y
• Truth Table (See next slide)
Truth Table - XNOR Gate

B A XOR XNOR
0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
 The NAND as a Universal Gate

• “Universal gate” can be used in

combination to create any other logic
function.
Shorting NAND inputs
Yields the NOT logic function
• Example:

Equal to the
A+B OR logic function
Using Inverters to Convert Gates

For example: