Red Hat Linux 9
Red Hat Linux SystemAdministration Primer
Red Hat Linux 9: Red Hat Linux System Administration Primer
Copyright © 2003 by Red Hat, Inc.
Red Hat, Inc.1801 Varsity DriveRaleigh NC 27606-2072USAPhone:+1 919 754 3700Phone:888 733 4281Fax: +1 919 754 3701PO Box 13588Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USArhl-sap(EN)-9-Print-RHI(2003-02-20T01:08)Copyright © 2003 by Red Hat, Inc. This material may be distributedonly subject to the terms and conditionsset forth in theOpen PublicationLicense, V1.0 or later (the latest version is presentlyavailableat http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).Distributionof substantivelymodified versions of this document is prohibitedwithout the explicit permissionof the copyrightholder.Distributionof the work or derivativeof the work in any standard(paper) book form for commercial purposesis prohibitedunless prior permissionis obtainedfrom the copyrightholder.Red Hat, Red Hat Network, the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo, RPM, Maximum RPM, the RPM logo, Linux Library,PowerTools, Linux Undercover, RHmember, RHmember More, Rough Cuts, Rawhide and all Red Hat-based trademarksandlogos are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries.Linux is a registeredtrademarkof Linus Torvalds.Motif and UNIX are registeredtrademarks of The Open Group.Intel and Pentiumare a registeredtrademarksof Intel Corporation.Itanium and Celeron are trademarks of Intel Corporation.AMD, AMD Athlon, AMD Duron, and AMD K6 are trademarksof AdvancedMicro Devices, Inc.Netscape is a registeredtrademark of Netscape CommunicationsCorporationin the United States and other countries.Windows is a registeredtrademark of Microsoft Corporation.SSH and SecureShell are trademarks of SSH CommunicationsSecurity,Inc.FireWire is a trademark of Apple Computer Corporation.All other trademarksand copyrightsreferredto are the property of their respectiveowners.The GPG fingerprintof the security@redhat.comkey is:CA 20 86 86 2B D6 9D FC 65 F6 EC C4 21 91 80 CD DB 42 A6 0E
Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................i
1. Changes to This Manual ........................................................................................................i2. Document Conventions..........................................................................................................i3. More to Come......................................................................................................................iv3.1. Send in Your Feedback .........................................................................................iv4. Sign Up for Support.............................................................................................................iv
1. The Philosophy of System Administration ...................................................................................1
1.1. Automate Everything.........................................................................................................11.2. Document Everything........................................................................................................21.3. Communicate as Much as Possible....................................................................................31.3.1. Tell Your Users What You Are Going to Do ......................................................31.3.2. Tell Your Users What You Are Doing ................................................................41.3.3. Tell Your Users What You Have Done ...............................................................41.4. Know Your Resources........................................................................................................51.5. Know Your Users...............................................................................................................61.6. Know Your Business..........................................................................................................61.7. Security Cannot be an Afterthought ..................................................................................61.7.1. The Risks of Social Engineering.........................................................................71.8. Plan Ahead.........................................................................................................................71.9. Expect the Unexpected ......................................................................................................81.10. In Conclusion... ..............................................................................................................81.11. Red Hat Linux-Specific Information ...............................................................................81.11.1. Automation .......................................................................................................81.11.2. Documentation and Communication ................................................................91.11.3. Security...........................................................................................................101.12. Additional Resources.....................................................................................................101.12.1. Installed Documentation.................................................................................101.12.2. Useful Websites ..............................................................................................121.12.3. Related Books.................................................................................................12
2. Resource Monitoring ....................................................................................................................15
2.1. Basic Concepts.................................................................................................................152.2. System Performance Monitoring.....................................................................................152.3. Monitoring System Capacity ...........................................................................................162.4. What to Monitor?.............................................................................................................162.4.1. Monitoring CPU Power ....................................................................................172.4.2. Monitoring Bandwidth......................................................................................182.4.3. Monitoring Memory..........................................................................................182.4.4. Monitoring Storage...........................................................................................192.5. Red Hat Linux-Specific Information ...............................................................................202.5.1.
free
..................................................................................................................202.5.2.
top
....................................................................................................................212.5.3.
vmstat
..............................................................................................................222.5.4. The Sysstat Suite of Resource Monitoring Tools .............................................232.6. Additional Resources.......................................................................................................262.6.1. Installed Documentation...................................................................................272.6.2. Useful Websites ................................................................................................272.6.3. Related Books...................................................................................................27
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