Alegesoftwareliber:http://alege.softwareliber.

ro/

DECEUBUNTU?
1.CeamaipopularadistributieLinux.
PotrivitWikipedia,Ubuntuadepasitcifrade100demilioanedeutilizatoriinAprilie2009simulti
producatoridecalculatoareauinceputsavandasistemecuUbuntupreinstalat.
2.

Documentatie
EstefoarteusordegasitmanualedeutilizaresitutorialedespreUbuntu.Putetiaccesapaginaoficialadin
Romaniahttp://ubuntu.ro/sauforumulhttp://forum.ubuntu.ro/pentruoriceintrebarelegatadeacestsistem
deoperare.Nuvatrebuisaasteptatipreamultpentruunraspunseficient.
3.Stabilitate
Uitadeecranelealbastreaparutedinsenin,dememorieRAMincarcatafarasastiticucesifarablocarisi
restarturipentruaputeacontinuasalucrati.
4.Sigur
Aplicatiileinsursadeschisasuntmultmaisiguredecataplicatiileinsursainchisadinmultemotive.Mult
maimultioamenipotsadetectezesisarezolvebugurilecareapar,faraafinevoiesaasteptamca
producatorulaplicatieisarezolveacestelucruri.
5.Oferasuportcomercial
Ubuntuoferaunfoartebunsuportcomercialinintreagalume,fiecavorbimdespreeditiileDesktopsau
Server,oricinepoateaveaacceslaacestcentru.
6.Mairapid
Nuestenevoiecasafiereinstalatodatalanustiucattimppentruasigurareaperformantelormaxime,
deoareceinUbuntunuexistabinecunoscutaexpresieregistry.NuexistafisiereDLL,precumnuexista
nicivirusi,astfelfolosestemultmaiputineresursehardware.
7.Maimultspatiupedisk
AtatatimpcatLinuxfolosestemultmaiputinspatiupediskdecatWindows,oferamaimultsuporthardware
sicumulteaplicatiipreinstalate(LibreOffice,Firefox...etc.)
8.Nuexistaregistrii
InUbuntunuavemdeafacecuregistrii,ociudateniecareexpunesistemullariscuriiaramestecaturafacuta
deprogrameleinstalateformeazaunSPOF.
10.Multeprogramegratuite(LibreOffice,audiosivideosoftwareeditor...)toatedoarlaunclickdistanta;
11.Eficientingestionareabateriei
Ubuntusearataafifoarteeficientingestionareaenergieibateriei,daraestecorectconfigurat.

12.Depozitedepachet
Ubuntu,fiindcopiluldistributieiDebian,amostenitsistemuldepachete.APTruleazalafelcuintreg
sistemulpentrufilazicutoateupdateurilesipentruaoferiogamalargadeaplicatiicarepotfiinstalate
imediat.Maimult,lucrurileaudevenitmultmaiusoarecandafostdezvoltataoaplicatiepentruausura
lucrulecuSynaptic.CentrulSoftwareoferaaccesinstantaneulasutedeaplicatiiliberesigratuite.Doar
alegetiaplicatiacaredoritisaofolositisiCentrulSoftwareovadownloadasiinstalaautomat.
13.Instalarerapidasiusoara
InstalareaUbuntuestemultmairapidasicumaiputineclickuridecataltesistemedeoperare.LinuxUbuntu
recunoastesistemeledeoperaredejaexistentepeHDDsichiarafiseazaunmesajcatreutilizatorpentrua
importadatesausetaridinaltesistemedeoperarecareaufostdetectateintimpulinstalarii
14.Suporthardwareautomat
UbuntuoferaunmaibunsuporthardwaredecatWindowssiMacsifolosestemaiputineresursedecat
WindowssiMac.AcestlucruafacutposibilcapeCDuldeinstalaresafieinclusetoateaplicatiilenecesare
unuiutilzatorobisnuit.AstfeldupaceinstalareaUbuntualuatsfarsitnumaiavetinevoiesainstalatialte
aplicatiipentruobunafunctionareasistemuluideoperare.
15.Ext4Unsistemdefisieremodern
*Prealocarepersistentadsacoaplicaietrebuiesalocespaiupediscnainteslfoloseasc,celemai
multesistemedefiierefacacestlucruprinscriereadezerourinspaiulncnefolosit.Ext4permite
prealocareafrafinevoiedeefectuareaoperaieiamintite,lucrucareducelambuntireaperformanelor
bazelordedateiuneltelormultimedia.
*Alocarecuintarziereext4poateamnapnnultimulmomentalocareaspaiuluidepedisc,ceeace
mbunteteperformanele.
*Maimultesubdirectoarenext3eramconstrnidefaptulcundirectorputeaconinedoar32000de
subdirectoare,pecndnext4nuexistniciolimitnacestsens.
16.Depozitedepachet
Ubuntu,fiindcopiluldistributieiDebian,amostenitsistemuldepachete.APTruleazalafelcuintreg
sistemulpentrufilazicutoateupdateurilesipentruaoferiogamalargadeaplicatiicarepotfiinstalate
imediat.Maimult,lucrurileaudevenitmultmaiusoarecandafostdezvoltataoaplicatiepentruausura
lucrulecuSynaptic.CentrulSoftwareoferaaccesinstantaneulasutedeaplicatiiliberesigratuite.Doar
alegetiaplicatiacaredoritisaofolositisiCentrulSoftwareovadownloadasiinstalaautomat.
17.CuWineputetirulaaplicatiiWindowspeLinux
Unadinproblemeleprincipalepentrucareutilizatoriidewindowsnupotsaisimutetoataactivitateape
Linuxestefaptulcafiesaufamiliarizatcuanumiteprograme,fieaceleprogramenuauechivalentinLinux
(lucrumairar)saunusepotjuca.Eibine,WineesteunemulatorcarepoatesarulezeaplicatiiWindowsin
Linuxfaraaaveaunimpactasupraperformantelor,cumilarevirtualizarea.
18.Versiuninoi,updateurinoi,nicioproblema
Windowsestefoartecunoscutpentrutoneledeupdateurinefolositoarecareincarcaspatiulpeharddiskfara
rost.InUbuntuupdateurilesuntdownloadatesiinstalatedoarcupermisiuneautilizatorului.
19.Incercatifarainstalare
UbuntupoatefirulatdepeCDsaumemorieflash,faraafiinstalatsifaraafacevreomodificarein
calculator,aceastacaracteristicaoferindposibilitateadeafolosicalculatoarepubliceundeuseriiaudrepturi
limitatesaupentruproceduridedepanareasistemelorpecareruleazaUbuntu.
20.Sursadeschisa
Expresiaopensource(sursadeschisa)esteasociatacuaplicatiilegratuite,darnuesteoregula.Existasi
aplicatiiscriseinsursadeschisapecaretrebuiesaplatitilicenta.LinuxUbuntuesteinsursadeschisasi
gratuit.
21.Lansariregulateanoilorversiuni
22.Compatibilitatehardware
23.Server
EchipaUbuntupuneladispozitiesioeditieservercucareputetidezvoltaoinfrastructuracompusadin
serveresiPCuricareaulabazaunsingursistem:UBUNTU.

24.Efecte3D
InterfatagraficaUbuntuvafimaiatractivadacaactivatiefectelegraficedincadrulCompizFusio
UnadintrecaracteristicilecarefaccaUbuntusafieunsistemdeoperareapreciatestecompatibilitatea
hardware.Inziuadeastazi,LinuxaremaimultecompatibilitatihardwaredecatWindowssiMac.
25.UbuntuOne:5GBspatiuonlinedestocare
TehnologiaintegrataUbuntuOnevaoferagratuit2GBspatiuonlinepentrustocaresiposibilitateadea
partajacuusurintafiserecucalculatoareleprietenilor.Dacaavetinevoiedemaimultspatiuacestapoatefi
obtinutlaunpretmic.
26.Peste400dejocuricompletgratuitesifoarteinteresantepotfidescarcateprinintermediulCentrului
Software.
27.Emailsichat;
PovestestecucolegiisiprieteniiprinintermediulprogramuluiEmpathysauPidgincareintegreaza:Yahoo,
Gmail,MSN,Jabber,AOL,QQsimultealtele.
Evolutionvaoferaacceslaemail,oagenasiuncalendarsifunctioneazafoartebinecuceicarefolosescMS
OutlooksitotodatacunoscutulThunderbirddelaMozila.
28.Invetiodatapentrutotdeauna
Ubuntunuisischimbainterfata,doarvinecuuneleretusuri,astfelincatutilizatorulnutrebuiesainveteo
interfatanoualaaparitiauneinoiversiuniUbuntu.
29.Accesibilitate
LabazafilozofieiUbuntustaconvingereacaoricinetrebuiesaaibacceslacalculatoare,indiferentde
circumstante.Ubuntuesteunuldintrecelemaiaccesibilesistemedeoperaresiestetradusin29delimbi.
http://www.ubuntu.com/support/community/locallanguage.
30.sisanuuitaminultimul:putemstalinistitidetotceaceinseamnaACTA,SOPAsaumaistiueuce.
Aiciavetiincaolistade40deavantajepentrufolosireaUbuntu:
http://proiectromania.wordpress.com/2010/12/24/40demotivepentrucareamalesubuntu40demotive
pentrucareubuntuinlocuiestemaimultdecatperfectwindowsul/

LAMP/Linux/Ce e Linux ?
Istorie

Unix
PentruaintelegemaibinepopularitateasistemuluideoperareLinux,trebuiesaneintoarcemintimp,prin
1970.Pelangafaptulcaodatacuintoarcereaintimpsuntemnevoitisaneimaginamsicalculatoaremari,
cumeraupevremuri,deocupaupanasiunstadion,darmairau,fiecarecalculatoraveasistemulluide
operare.Deasupralatoate,softwareulexistent,deserveaunuisingurscopanume,ceeaceinsemnacaun
programcemergepeuncalculator,eposibilsanumeargapecelalalt.
In1969oechipadelaBellLabsainceputsalucrezelaosolutiepentruacesteprobleme.Solutialoravenit
subformaaceeacenoinumimastazi"UNIX".AvantajulprincipalalUNIX,pelangafaptulcaerascrisin
C,eraacelacadispuneadeuncodreutilizabil,ceaveasasenumeascakernel,codceputeafiadaptatusorpe
oricetipdemasina.
Faptulcaseputea"recicla"codul,sadoveditunlucrufoarteimportantsifolositor,maialescainzilele
actuale,chiarsiMac/altesistemeLinuxsebazeazainspecialpeUnix.
LinusTorvalds,unstudentlauniversitateadinHelsinkiaconsideratcaarfiobunaideesaexisteoidee
gratuita,academicaversiunepentruUnixastfelcaainceputpromptsacodeze.
In1991,avemprimainregistrareauneiconversatiidealuiLinus,cedateazadin1991:
From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)

Newsgroups: comp.os.minix
Subject: Gcc-1.40 and a posix-question
Message-ID: <1991Jul3.100050.9886@klaava.Helsinki.FI>
Date: 3 Jul 91 10:00:50 GMT
Hello netlanders,
Due to a project I'm working on (in minix), I'm interested in the posix
standard definition. Could somebody please point me to a (preferably)
machine-readable format of the latest posix rules? Ftp-sites would be
nice.

PutemafirmaastfelcaafostdelainceputideealuiLinusTorvaldsdeacreaunsistem,compatibilcu
vechiulUnix.
La2anidupapostulluiLinus,numaram12.000deutilizatorionline.Proiectul,bazatinprimulrandpe
hobbyisticrescusepestandardulPosix.
MajoritateaspeculeazaasuprafaptuluicaLinussaganditsarealizezeunS.O.caresameargapesisteme
maiinexpensive,inciudafrateluisaumaimare,Unixcarecereasistememultpreaperformantepentru
buzunarulomuluiderand.
Inzilelenoastre,Linuxaajunssipepiata"desktopurilor"facandconcurentaunorsistemedejaexistente
precumMicrosoftWindowssauMac.Pelangaaplicatiiledetip"office"sau"network"Linuxeste
recunoscutsipepiatadeservere,cafiindunOSstabil,configurabil,oferindserviciidebazadedate,file
server,firewall,proxytoatesubinsignaOpenSource.
Linux e dificil?
Astadepindedoardepersoanacucarevorbesti.UtilizatoriexperimentatiUNIXorsazicaNU,deoarece
Linuxesteunsistemperfectpentrupoweruserisiprogramatori,deoareceafostsiesteintretinutdeastfelde
oameni.
Oricesiardoriunbunprogramatorexistaaici,delalibrariilacompilatoaresauuneltededevelopmentsi
debugging.AcestepachetevincuoricesistemstandardLinux.CompilatorCesteinclusgratuit,iartoata
documentatiasitoatemanualelesuntincluseacolo.
Inprimelezilealeexistenteisale,necesitateadeafiunexperteraocererepentruaincepe"joaca"cuacest
sistem.CeicepracticauinvremeaaceeaLinux,sesimteaumaibinefataderestulpopulatieiaflatapealte
platforme,inspecialceadelaMicrosoft.
Decurand,companiiprecumRedHat,SuSEsauMandrakeauaparutcupachetedeLinuxcustomizatepentru
consuminmasa.EiauintegratosuitadeGUIurifacutedecomunitate,pentruausuramanagementulde
programesiservicii.
Datoritastructuriisalenueneaparatnecesarcautilizatorulsacunoascaintregsistemulinauntrusiinafara.
Utilizatorulpoatesacreascaodatacusistemul.Deci,putemafirmafaptulcadeacumsistemulestemaiusor
defolositlaniveldeinterfata,iarincazuriextremesepoatepatrundesiinadancurilesistemuluipentru
modificariincazdenevoie.
Programatoriiincearcasaaducacelemaifrumoasedesktopuri,saimbunatateascaserviciileactualesisadea
aceaatmosferadejacunoscutaaplatformelorMSWindowsisMacIntosh.
Linux are viitor?
IdeeadinspateleconceptuluideOpenSourceesteaceeacaincazulincaremaimultiprogramatorivad,
editeaza,analizeazacodul,atuncicodulinsinesematurizeaza.Oameniipotsaladapteze,saltesteze,sal
repareundeenevoiesausaiaducaimbunatatirilanivelgeneralsauconcret.Astfel,programuldevinemai
flexibil,deocalitatemaibunasiingeneralcumaiputineresurselanivelhardware.
InitiativaOpenSource,ainceputsasiarateadevaratavaloara"lumiicomerciale",iarcompaniileincepsasi
deaseamadecatdeserioasaetreaba.Dinmomentceogramaddeacademicienisautehnicieniaufost
convinside20deanidezilecaaceastaecaleaceamaibuna,vendoricomercialinusuntusordeconvins.

10 ani de experienta la discretia ta

Linuxeste,dinprimamanaceamaicunoscutainitiativaOpenSource.Datoritaacestuilucru,sepoate
afirma,calabazaintreguluisistem,stau10anideexperientaamilioanedeoamenicareaucontribuit
sistemului.InprogramareaLinux,reteauasiserviciileaferenteeiaufostprimeleproblemeimpusedecatre
sistem.Eleaufosttratateinprimelezilealeexistenteisistemuluideoperare.Ultimabarieraa
programatorilorafostimplementareadesoftwareOffice(inspecialOpenOffice.UtilizatorilorLinuxnule
placesaadmitacaMicrosoftdominapiatapemajoritateadomeniilordeoffice.
TrecandpestefaptulcaLinuxadeservitsiincreeareaunorfilmeprecum"Titanic"sau"Shrek",elare
multiplealteutilizariinviatadezicuzi,sauunbussiness.
Candvorbimdecei10anideexperienta,vorbimsidecelemaibunesolutiiinmateriedeservere.Celmai
cunoscutserverWWW(Web)subLinux,esteApache,momentanlaversiunea2.x.Cunoscutsica"A
PAtCHyserver",datoritadiferitelorfisieredepatchgasitepesiteuloficial,Apachesebucuradeo
modularizaretipicUnix.NumeleserveruluiafoststabilitpanalaurmaApache,dupatribulamerican
cunoscutpentrumanevrelesalerazboiniceavansatesiinduranta.IntotdeaunaApachesaaratatmaibun
decatalteservere,atatinperformanta,stabilitatesaugramadademodulecestateauladispozitia
utilizatorului.
Sursa:http://ro.wikibooks.org/wiki/LAMP/Linux/Ce_e_Linux_%3F
Incaoresursa:http://www.linuxhomy.ro/ceestelinux.html
Maimultepe:http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
CompararedistributiiLinuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributions

VERSIUNILINUX
Urmatoareledistributiisuntpuseinordineaevaluariidecatresiteulhttp://distrowatch.com/pe
ultimaperioada.
LinuxMint:LinuxMintesteodistribuieLinuxpentrucalculatoarepersonalebazatpei
compatibilcuDebian.DeimiezulLinuxMintestenmarepartebazatpeUbuntu,designulspaiuluide
lucruialinterfeeicuutilizatorulsuntconsiderabildiferite.Acestedifereneincludotemdistinct,un
meniupropriuLinuxMintiunelteleMintTools,ocoleciedeprogramedesistemproiectatepentruaface
administrareasistemuluimaiuoarpentruutilizatoriifinali.Maimulteaici:
http://www.linuxmint.ro/despre.php
Ubuntu:UbuntuesteunsistemdeoperarebazatpeLinux[1]pentrucomputerelepersonale,servere
inetbookuri.RudapropiatasistemuluideoperareDebianGNU/Linux,Ubuntusedoreteafiuorde
instalatifolosit,desactualizatinengrditderestriciilegale.UbuntuestesponsorizatdeCanonicalLtd.,o
companieprivatfondatdeantreprenorulsudafricanMarkShuttleworth.
http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/download
Fedora:http://www.fedoraproject.ro/node/242
Debian:DebianGNU/Linuxesteodistribuiepopulariinfluentasistemuldeoperareliber
GNU/Linux.Aceastdistribuieestemeninutlazidatoritefortuluivoluntardepusdeutilizatoridepe
ntregmapamondul.Distribuiaestetestatrigurosnaintedeafilansat,pentruaasiguraungradridicatde
stabilitate.Nuestefoarteuordeconfigurat,aceastdistribuiefiindorientatnprincipalctreutilizatorul
profesionist,darareunfoartebunsistemdeactualizare.Versiunilemainoitindsafieorientatemaimult
ctreutilizatorulobinuitibeneficiazdeasistendecalitateoferitdecomunitateadeutilizatori.
Debianesteoasociaiecareacreatunsistemdeoperare(OS)free(liber).Acestsistempecarelamcreat
senumeteDebianGNU/Linux,sau,pescurt,Debian
Unsistemdeoperareesteunsetdeprogramedebaziutilitarecarepermitcomputeruluidumneavoastrs
funcioneze.Nucleulunuisistemdeoperareestenumitkernel.Nucleulestecelmaiimportantprogramdin
computer,organizeazioferfunciidebazivpermiteslansaialteprograme.

DebianfolosetenmomentuldefaunnucleuLinux.LinuxafostnceputdeLinusTorvaldsieste
suportatdemiideprogramatoridintoatlumea.
TotuiselucreazlaaplicareaDebianipestealtenuclee,nprimulrndHurd.Hurdesteocoleciede
serverecareruleazpeunmicrokernel(caMach,deexemplu)casimplementezediferiteproprieti.Hurd
esteunprogramliberprodusdeproiectulGNU.
OmareparteautilitarelorcarevincusistemuldeoperarevindelaproiectulGNU;deundeinumelede
GNU/LinuxiGNU/Hurd.Acesteutilitaresuntdeasemenealibere.
Bineneles,oameniivoraplicaii,programedecalculatorcaresiajutesobinceeaceaunevoie,dela
editareadocumentelorladesfurareauneiafaceri,delajucatjocurilascriereamaimultorprograme.
Debianvinecupeste29000pachete(programeprecompilateimbinatentrunformatuordeinstalatn
mainadumneavoastr)toatelibere.
Sistemuldeoperareestecaunturn.Labazestenucleul.Pestenucleusuntutilitareledebaz.Apoisunt
toateprogrameleceruleazncomputer.LavrfulturnuluiesteDebiancareorganizeazipotrivete
totulcugrijastfelncttoatesfuncionezempreun.
TutorialeDebian:http://tutorialedebian.blogspot.com/
Descarcare:http://avscan.greenpixel.ro/debian/debiancd/6.0.4/
OpenSUSE:SUSELinux(ntrecutortografiatiS.u.S.E)esteodistribuieLinuxfoartepopular,n
specialnEuropa.NumeleS.u.S.Eesteunacronimpentru"SoftwareundSystemEntwicklung",nlimba
german("Dezvoltaredesoftwareisisteme",nromn).
UnuldinpunctelefortealedistribuieiestesuitadeprogramedeinstalareiconfigurareYaST,unadintre
celemaimaiavansateimaiprietenoasedintreechivalentelesaledinlumeaLinux.SUSEareinclusfoarte
multsoftwarentrodistributiepeCDuri(sauDVD).Poateadoptafoarterepedenoiversiunidesoftware,
biblioteci,etc.Esteorientatattctreprofesionitictictrenceptori.
maimultegasitiaici:http://www.suseromania.ro/?page_id=1635
Linkdedescarcare:http://software.opensuse.org/121/ro
DistributiicuinterfetedelaalteOS.
LinuxcuinterfatadeWindows(XP,Vistasau7)
1.ZorinLinux:ZorinOSesteunsistemdeoperaremultifuncionalcreatspecialpentruutilizatoriide
windows.DistribuiaestecreatdupacelmaicunoscutsistemdeoperarelinuxianumeUbuntu.
CeeacencearcZorinOSsofereestecaoriceutilizatorcareschimbWindowscuLinuxssesimtct
maiconfortabildeaceeacainterfaadefaultZorinOSvinecuunaasemantoarecuWindows7.Totulca
utilizatorulsnveectmairapidifrproblemecumfuncioneazunsistemdeoperarelinux.Pelng
aceastinterfautilizatorulmaipoateoptaipentrualtele,cumarfiWindowsXP,Vista,MacOSXsau
interfaaGNOME(linux).
instalaresiprezentarehttp://linuxvideo.ro/?p=841
Descarcare:http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/zorin/5/zorinos5.2core32.iso
LinuxcuinterfatadeMAC
1.DreamLinux:DreamLinuxesteunsistemlansatin2006,careprovinedinBrazilia,derivatdinDebian,
unsistemcaresiapropussaofereoexperientadeosebitautilizatorilorprinintermediulunuidesktop
deosebit,bazatpeXFCEsiinspiratdininterfatagraficadinMacOSX,completatdeunsuportmultimedia
"outofthebox",toateacesteainconditiileunuiconsumextremderedusderesurse,avandcarezultatun
sistemdeosebitderapidsifiabil.http://www.dreamlinux.info/
2.PearOSLinux:FranceziiauscosoaltadistributiecuinterfatadeMAC:http://pearoslinux.fr/
varianta32bitihttp://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%20Linux%20Panther
%20v3.0/pearoslinuxpantherv3.0x32.iso/download
varianta64bitihttp://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%20Linux%20Panther
%20v3.0/pearoslinuxpantherv3.0x64.iso/download

AiciavetiunsitedeundeputetidescarcalaalegerecedistributiedeLinuxdoriti:
http://linuxalternativa.com/distributiilinux.htmliaraiciftpuleducationaldinIasicumultedistributiisi
versiunideLinuxsialteprogramepentrudescarcare.http://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/mirrors/

CEESTEUBUNTU?
MaimultegasitisipeWikipedia:http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu
PrezentareUbuntupevideotutorial.ro:http://www.videotutorial.ro/?p=7234

INSTALARESICONFIGURAREUBUNTU11.10
InprimulrandtrebuiesadescarcatiUbuntu11.10:http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/download
IncearcaUbuntufolosindLiveCD
1. SetatibootareadinBiospeunitateadeCD(dacanuestesetata)iarapointroducetiCDulin
unitate.
2. LaprimafereastraalegetilimbasiapoioptiuneaTryUbuntu.
INSTALARE:
Pentruinstalareaveti3variante:pecuratfiindsingurulsistemdeoperarepuspePC,indualboot
folosindinacelasitimpunaltsistemdeoperare(necesitaopartitiededicata)sauimpreunacu(alaturide)
Windowsulinstalat.

1.IncearcaUbuntufolosindinstalareaimpreunacuWindowsul:

IntroducetiCDulinunitatesiinstalaticaoricealtprogramdeWindows(dacaselanseazaautorun
clickinstalaredacanu...mergetiindirectorulunitatiideCDsilansatiWubi.exe.

2.Pentruinstalarepecurat(sursahttp://itassistant.org/osusage/linuxosusage/tutorial

instalareubuntu1110oneiricocelot.html)

Cerinte minime Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)

Cerinteminime

ValoriDesktop

Procesor
MemorieRAM
HardDrive(spatiu)
RezolutieMonitor

700MHz
384MB
5GB
1024768

Instalare si Configurare Ubuntu 11.10

InprimulrandtrebuiesadescarcatiUbuntu11.10:http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/download
ApoitrebuiesascrietiimagineaISOpeunCDgol.InWindows7existaosolutieintegrate,dardacanuaveti
Windows7atuncidescarcatiInfra
Recorder.
Acumcaavemtotcenetrebuiesaneapucamdetreaba:
1.PunetiCDulinunitatesibootatidepeCD.Osavaaparaaceastafereastraundeneintreabadacavremsa
incercamUbuntusausailinstalam.Noiilvominstala.

2.Acumkituldeinstalareosaverificespatialdestocare,dacacalculatoruleconectatlainternetetc.casa
puteminstaladistributiainconditiioptime.

3.Aceastafereastranevaapareadacanuavemniciunsistemdeoperareinstalat.Dacaavemosaneintrebe

dacavremsapastramactualulsistemsisainstalamUbuntupelangaelsausainstalamUbuntupeste
sistemulactual.Incazulmeuosaalegcondigurareamanuala.

4.Incepeceamaigreaparte.Trebuiesapartitionamharddiskul.Osavaaparaaceastaimagine:

5.OsadamclickpeNewpartitiontable.Osaneaparaaceastaimagine:

6.Osadamclickpeaddpentruafacepartitiaprimara(CuldinperspectivaWindowsului)undeseva
instalaSistemuldeOperare.

7.OsafacemsipartitiaSwapde2Gb(deobiceipartitiadeSwapestelafeldemarecamemoriaRAMde
caredispunesistemul):

8.Osafacemsipartitiacudate(DuldinperspectivaWindowsului)undeosanepunemdatele.Nuuitatisa
punetipartitiala/homecasanupierdetidatelelaonouareinstalareaSistemuluideOperare.

9.Trecemlalocalizare.Automatosanedetectezelocatiasiosaneospuna.Dacavretioputetischimba

10.Aveminfataoproblemacucaremultiincepatoriseconfrunta,layoutultastaturii.Dacanustimexactce
limbaavemlatastaturaputemfacetestulpropusdeUbuntu.DamclickpeDetectKeyboardLayout.

11.Acumtrebuiesaintroducemnumelenostru,numeledeutilizator,parolasinumelecalculatoruluietc.

12.Acumosainceapainstalareapropriuzisa.Trebuiedoarsaavemputinarabdare.

13.InstalareasaterminatsiputemsaintraminproaspatulSistemdeOperareinstalat.

NoulUbuntuOneiricOcelotaduceimbunatatiriinterfeteiUnitynumitaacum3D,insacasaoputetifolosi
vatrebuicaplacavoastravideosafiesuportatadeacestsistemdeoperaresausaavetiinstalatdriverulvideo
pentruplacavoastravideo.CeicarenuauinsaoplacavideosuportatadeSistemuldeOperarepotfolosi
totusiUnity2D.
UnnouecrandeLogin,noiecranedefundal(wallpapers),onouamodalitatedeaschimbaferestrelede
lucrucucombinatiadetasteAlt+Tab,unnouclientdeemail(MozillaThunderbirdialuatloculfostului
clientdemailEvolution),utilitarulDjDupesteacuminstrumentuldebackupprestabilitsimultealte

imbunatatirivetiaveaincercandnoulUbuntuOneiricOcelot.
PentruversiunimaivechideUbuntu:http://ubuntutorials.ro/primiipasi/
Pentruinstalareindualbootputetifolosiiinformatiiledeaici:
http://cristianls.com/03/19/manualdeinstalareubuntughidcomplet/

TERMINALUL
legtura direct cu maina de calcul prin intermediul liniilor de comand
Sursa:http://marcelbanu.blogspot.com/2011/07/terminalullegaturadirectacumasina.html
Terminalul este panoul de control al sistemului dumneavoastr. Aproape
orice lucru din cele ce urmeaz poate f fcut folosind aceast unealt text,
simpl dar puternic. O fereastr terminal ar trebui s arate ntotdeauna un
prompter standard, care afeaz numele utilizatorului i directorul curent n care
se lucreaz, reprezentat de simbolul ~$.
Terminalul, Konsola se poate apela cu ajutorul combinaiei tastelor Ctrl +
Alt + T, Alt + F2 i n fereastra ce se deschide scriem gnome-terminal dup care
apsm enter.

sau butonul pornete sau Aplicaii, Accesorii, Terminal. Pentru uurin putem
face clic dreapta pe Terminal i-l adugm fe n panou, fe pe masa de lucru
(Desktop).
Cum sugereaz i titlu acestu subiect, prin terminal, Konsol (pentru
utilizatorii Kubuntu) putem comanda mainii noastre de calcul s execute anumite
sarcini.
Pentru utilizatorul nceptor, prin terminal se pot face instalri dezinstalri
de aplicaii, se poate actualiza sistemul, se pot controla anumite procese ce se
execut, se pot schimba sau anula parole de sistem sau ale utilizatorilor.
Nu v autentifcai ca root !
Este valabil i n modul text: autentifcai-v ca root numai pentru a face
setri i confgurri ale sistemului care necesit privilegii de administrator,
precum adugarea de utilizatori, instalarea pachetelor de programe, confgurarea
reelei i altele de acest fel. Odat ce ai terminat, prsii imediat contul special
i continuai-v munca pe un cont de utilizator obinuit.
Ca alternativ, unele sisteme, precum Ubuntu, v foreaz s folosii sudo,
pentru a nu avea nevoie de acces direct la un cont de administrator.
Atenie, ns, eliminarea parolei de sistem (root) poate duce la instabilitate n
funcionarea sistemului prin instalarea de aplicaii neautorizate, sau, mai grav, prin
manevre ru voite ale utilizatorilor neautorizai. Nu recomand eliminarea parolei root.
Fereastra terminal:

Dac v plimbai prin meniu, vei observa c pot f fcute foarte multe
lucruri fr a introduce comenzi de la tastatur. Pentru cei mai muli utilizatori,
vechea metod de lucru cu mausul va f sufcient pentru a lucra cu maina de
calcul. Cei ce doresc s ptrund n mruntaiele mainii de calcul au la dispoziie
aceast unealt puternic, terminalul.
Comenzi de baz:

Comanda

Execut

ls

Afeaz o list cu fierele din directorul

de lucru, precum comanda dir din DOS

cd director

Schimb directorul

passwd

Schimb parola pentru utilizatorul curent

file nume_fier

Afeaz tipul fierului al crui nume

este nume_fier

cat fier_text

afeaz coninutul unui fier text pe

ecran

pwd

Afeaz directorul n care se lucreaz

exit sau logout

Terminare sesiune de lucru

man comand

Citii paginile din manualul comenzii

comand

Aceste comenzi se introduc dup promter-ul ~$ urmate de tasta enter.

Comenzile pot f introduse ca atare, cum este cazul comenzii ls. O comand
se comport diferit atunci cnd specifcai o opiune, care este, de regul,
precedat de caracterul (-), precum n ls -a. Acelai caracter al unei opiuni poate
avea un alt neles dac este folosit n alt comand. Programele GNU pot avea
opiuni lungi, precedate de dou caractere (-), precum ls --all. Alte comenzi nu au
nici o opiune.
Argumentele unei comenzi reprezint specifcaii despre obiectul asupra
cruia comanda trebuie s acioneze. Un exemplu ar f ls /etc, unde directorul
/etc este argument al comenzii ls. Aceast comand nseamn c
dumneavoastr dorii s vedei coninutul acelui director, n loc de ceea ce
afeaz comanda simpl ls urmat de tastarea Enter, adic listarea coninutului
directorului n care ne aflm. Anumite comenzi au nevoie neaprat de argumente,
aceste argumente find opionale n cazul altor comenzi.
Comenzile pwd i ls n terminal:

Rezultatul comenzii ls /etc (afarea coninutului directorului /etc).

Muli utilizatori nceptori se tem de paginile man (manualelor), deoarece

acestea conin prea multe informaii. Totui, ele sunt foarte bine structurate, dup
cum vei vedea din exemplul de mai jos: man man.
Citirea paginilor man se face ntr-un terminal, atunci cnd suntei n modul
grafc sau direct n modul text, dac pe acesta l preferai. Tastai comanda man
man, urmat de enter:

Instalarea i dezintalarea unei aplicaii se poate face simplu utiliznd comanda:

sudo apt-get install nume_aplicaie
iar dezinstalarea ei cu simpla comnad:

sudo remove nume_aplicaie

i dac dorim dezintalarea aplicaiei inclusiv i a fierelor de confgurare,
sudo apt-get purge nume_aplicaie.
Actualizarea sisteului:
sudo apt-get update
urmat de:
sudo apt-get upgrade.
Aplicaiile ce nu se regsesc n depozitele Canonical, cel aparinnd
terilor se pot instal aducnd mai nti PPA-urile. Un exemplu de aplicaie din
surse tere este BURG pentru GRUB.
Aducerea surselor pachetelor:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bean123ch/burg
Se face actualizarea listei de aplicaii cu:
sudo apt-get update
Instalarea aplicaiei:
sudo apt-get install -y burg-pc burg burg-themes burg-emu
-y este opional, pentru a nu se mai cere confrmarea instalrii prin apsarea
tastei y. Menionez c orice comand este precedat de tasta enter.
Aceste tipuri de comenzi se pot unifca cu ajutorul caracterului & i anume:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y burg-pc burg burg-themes
burg-emu
Cnd sistemul solicit parola de root, n terminal, precizez c nu se vor afa
niciun fel de caracter din motive de securitate. Adic nu vor aprea tradiionalele
stelue. Dumneavoastr tastai parola corect, sistemul o recunoate i v d
drepturi administrative.
La trei greeli consecutive a parolei operaiunea se anuleaz urmnd ca ea s
fe reluat odat cu reintroducerea ei.

COMENZIINTERMINAL
cat/proc/cpuinfo=Informatiidespreprocesor
lspci=Itiaratadatedespre:placadebaza,video,sunet
cat/etc/issue=casaafliceversiunedelinuxai
whoami=aratacecontdeuserelogat
ocklist=ceporturiaredeschise
sudopppoeconf=conectarenetrds

w,who=itiaratacinemaieonlinepesistem
mkdir,rmdir=creazasitotodatastergeunfolder
rmi=stergefisieresitotodatasuntemanuntatidacasuntemdeacord
rmr=stergedirectoare(foldere)carenusuntgoale
sudoifconfig=aratamac,ipserversiipmeu
sudopasswd=aschimbaparoladeroot
last=undesuntconectat(logurilecaadresaip)
sudofdiskl=vedepartitiile
df=arataspatiulliberdepehard
sshuser@127.0.0.1=verficadacaaiport22deschis
dfh=vadcatspatiuarehardu
cat/etc/shadow=arataparolelescriptate
/sbin/ifconfig|grepinet=veziipurileserverului
Free=afiseazacatamemorieramsauswapesteocupata
reboot=comandacevarestarteazacalculatorul
ftp=stabilesteoconexiuneftp
clear=stergetotdepeterminal(curata)
ls/usr/bin=aratatoatacomenziilecaresepotdaprinterminal{TARE}
rmrf=stergetoatefisiereledin/sidirectoruldat
netstataut=arataconectarilecaresuntlanet
sicomanda=netstatant=faceacelasilucru
date=arataziuasidatadeazi
sudoaptgetinstallopensshserver=deschideport22
sudoaptgetremoveopensshserver=inchideport22
sudo/etc/init.d/sshstop=inchideport22
sudo/etc/init.d/sshrestart=darestartlaport22(genreprospatare)
ls=aratadirectoarelehome

lsa=aratasipeceleascunse
lsl=aratadatasioracindsaufolosit
lsalaratasipentruceleascunsedatasiora
cat=aratarapidcontinutulunuifisier
touch=creazafisiere
mkdir=creazafoldere
find=aratatotceaiindirectoare(foldere)sicautainacelasitimp
nslookupvenus=arataipulserveruluideundeainet
picopotiscriefisieretext<>crtl+brevilarindulanterior<>ctrl+oitidadreptulsa
salvezi<>ctrl+kstergeliniascrisacurenta<>ctrl+xiesidindirector
gzip=arhiveaza
gunzipc=citestecontinutularhiveicuunsigurfisierinel
gunzip=dezarhiveaza
zip./virus.zip./new.txt=arhiveazafisierulvirus.txt
zipr=arhiveazaunfolder
unzipvirus.zip=dezarhiveazaaceaarhivanumitavirus
cddirector=intruindirectorulales
cd=reviladirectorulanterior
dir=aratafisiereledindirectorulincareesti
file=aflatipulunuifisier
useradduser=creazausernou
useraddou0user=creazausernoudarcudreptderoot
userdeluser=stergeuserulfacut
groupadduser=adaugagrupuri
groupdeluser=stergegrupuri
cat/etc/passwd=arataceuseriare
cat/etc/group=atatainformatidespregrupurideutilizatori
plog=aratadatedespreipcuerainwindowscomandaipconfig/all

sudofsck=Verificasireparasistemuldefisiere(etx2,ext3,vfat,msdosetc...)
cp=copiefisieresaufoldere
cpr=copiedirectorulcutotceiinel
mvfis_sursafisdestinatie=redenumesteacelfisierinacelasidirector
mvfissursadir_destinatie=mutafisierulinaltfolder
mvdir_sursadirdestinatie=redenumesteunfolder
mvvirus.txtvirus.doc=seredenumesteacelfisier(modificaextensia)
wcfisier=aratanumaruldecaractere,cuvinte,linidintruultext
ifconfigsauplog=arataadressmac,iplaconectareanet
kill11=omoaratoateprocesele
gksunautilus=rulezicudreptderootingrafica
sudoaptgetremove(purge)=dezinstaleazasofturile
sudoaptgetautoremove=dezinstaleazasidependenteleacestora
sudoaptgetautoclean=curatasistemul
writeuser=trimitemesajdelaadminlauseriselectatisiintreuseri,darsaaibaterminalul
deschis{sudowall}=trimitemesajuldupainchidereaterminalului
cat/etc/services=fiseazaserviciileuzualesiporturileutilizate
chmod+xvirus.sh=faceacelfisier(virus.sh)inexecutabil
sudoaptitudesafeupgrade=dacapicacurentulintimpulunuiupdate,refacesistemulpentrua
puteaintrainel
catn/etc/virus=vaafisainformatiacucifreindreptulfiecaruirind(1......x),dinfisierulvirus
ConvertJPEGImagestoPDFOnUbuntu
cd<directorylocation>
convert*.jpg<nume_fisier>.pdf
ConvertmultipleimagefilestosinglePDF(BatchconvertimagetoPDF)inUbuntu
cd<directorylocation>
convert*<nume_fisier>.pdf

PRIMELESETARIDUPAINSTALAREAUBUNTU11.10
Cndvautentificaipentruprimadat,estentotdeaunabinesvactualizaisistemul.Pentruaactualiza
UbuntumergetilaprimulicondinbarademediudreaptasusControlOptionsapoiSoftwareUpdate
Available.IfitsaysSoftwareUptoData,selectitanyway

ApoiselectatiSettingspentruamergelasurseledesoftpentrucarevremsafacemUpdate
DintabulOtherSoftwarebifatitoatecasutele.
nceledinurm,faceiclicpe"InstallUpdates"pentruaactualizasistemul.
clikRestartpentruarestartasistemul.
Duparestartaresilogarepeuser,selectatiControlOptionsiapoiSystemSettings
DeschidetiAdditionalDriverssivedetidacaaveticevainlistadacanu,atuncitrebuieinstalat.
SelectatidriveruldinlistasiapoiActivate
Dupactivare,reporniiibucuraivUbuntu.
InstalaredriveredinfereastraTerminal:
sudoaptgetinstallgnomesessionfallback
sudoaptgetinstallgnometweaktool
OpenyourTerminal,copyandpaste:
sudoaptgetinstallsynaptic
gksusynaptic
SelectSettingsandthenselectRepositories,andthenclick
theOtherSoftwareTabuntilyougettothispage:
OpenyourTerminalandcopyandpaste:sudoaptgetupdate&&sudoaptgetupgrade
VideoDriversandProprietaryDriversCheck:
OpenyourTerminal,copyandpaste:gksujockeygtk(aicivedetilistadriverelorpecareleOSlevede)
OpenyourTerminal,copyandpaste:
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:xorgedgers/ppa
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetupgrade
Nvidiaproprietarydriver
sudoaptaddrepositoryppa:ubuntuxswat/xupdates
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetupgrade
sudoaptgetinstallnvidiacurrent
sudoaptgetinstallnvidiasettings
ATICatalystVideoDrivers:Gotoamd.comanddownloadyourdriver
Copyandpasteinterminal:
sudoaptgetpurgeremovefglrx*
sudoaptgetinstalldhmakeexecstackdhmodaliasesdkmslib32gcc1libc6i386
Gotothedirectoryyoudownloadedthedriverin(usually~Downloads)andmakesureyouusethecorrect
filenameinthecommandsbelow:(dacailavetiinromanainlocuitiDownloadscuDescarcari)
cdDownloads
sudochmod+xatidriverinstaller1110x86.x86_64.run
sudoshatidriverinstaller1110x86.x86_64.runbuildpkgUbuntu/oneiric
Above,IamassumingthatyouareusingUbuntu11.10.Ifyoureusinganotherversion,usethatversions
name,forexampleUbuntu/maverick
sudodpkgi*.deb
sudoaticonfiginitialf
InstallUbuntuRestrictedExtras
sudoaptgetinstallubunturestrictedextras
Apoi...CheckforAvailabilityofProprietaryHardwareDrivers
sursa:http://debianhelp.wordpress.com/2011/09/12/todolistafterinstallingubuntu1110akaoneiric
ocelot/
InstalaremanagerulComizConfig
sudoaptgetinstallcompizconfigsettingsmanager
AddsupportforencryptedDVDbyrunningfollowingcommands:
sudoaptgetinstalllibdvdread4
sudo/usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/installcss.sh

EnableFullDVDPlayback(DualLayerDVDSupport)
sudowgetoutputdocument=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.listhttp://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/
$(lsb_releasecs).list&&sudoaptgetquietupdate&&sudoaptgetyesquietallowunauthenticated
installmedibuntukeyring&&sudoaptgetquietupdate
apoi
sudoaptgetinstalllibdvdcss2
Ajutorputetigasisiaici:http://linux.bzic.org/
InstalareversiuneKDEultima(4.8.1):sudoaptaddrepositoryppa:kubuntuppa/backports&&sudoaptget
update&&sudoaptgetupgradey
sau
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:kubuntuppa/backports
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetdistupgrade
sudoaptgetinstallkubuntudesktop
DezinstalareKDE
sudoaptgetinstallppapurge
sudoppapurgeppa:kubuntuppa/backports
InstalareCINNAMON
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:gwendallebihandev/cinnamonstable
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallcinnamon
temepentruCINNAMON
sudoaptgetinstallgitcore
cd&&gitclonehttps://github.com/linuxmint/cinnamonthemes.git

PROGRAMENECESAREINUBUNTU
Toinstallclassictwopanelsessionrunthefollowingcommand:sudoaptgetinstallgnomesessionfallback
Gnome Shell-instalam extensii si teme
GnomeShellesteinterfatagraficaasistemuluicumesteUnity.Dacalaincarcareasistemuluinuapare
aceastaimaginecuposibilitatedeaalegesesiuneadoritaatunciprobabilenecesarsadeschiziTerminalulsi
saintroducicomandademaijos.
Tastaticoncomitent(Ctrl+Alt+T)pentruadeschidefereastraTerminalapoiintroduceticomandasiparola
sudo.
sudoaptgetinstallgnomeshell
AcumenecesardeinstalatGnomeTweakpentruaaveaposibilitateadeamonitorizaextensiile.
sudoaptgetinstallgnometweaktool
Inacestrepozitoriusuntadunateuneledincelemaistabileextensiipentruaaveaacceslaeleexecutam
comenziledemaijos.
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:webupd8team/gnome3
sudoaptgetupdate
1.GNOMEShellWeatheraratastareavremeiinbaradesusGNOMEShellasacumvedetiinimagine
maijos.

ComandapentruinstalareprinTerminal
sudoaptgetinstallgnomeshellextensionsweather
DupainstalareestenecesarsafacetirestartapoisaactivatiextensiaprinAdvancedSettingsasacumvedeti
inimaginiledemaijos.

 Sursahttp://linux.bzic.org/category/linux/
DinacestmomentsusinbaraGnomeShellvaapareaindicatoruldetemperatura,enecesaracumde
configuratcaelsaserefereconcretlalocalitateavoastra.Pentruaceastaintrampeaceasta

adresasi
introducemdenumirealocalitatii.Dupaceamvazutcaauaparutdatelelocalitatiinoastrefacemclickpartea
dreaptasicopiemadresalinculuiincazulmeuamprimitasaadresa:

http://weather.yahooapis.com/forecastrss?p=MDXX0003&u=f

SaufaceticlickpeRSSaivetiprimisusinbrauzeraproximativasaadresa.Copiatiacestfragmentdinlink
faceticlickpeaplicatiesiiarasclicpeConfigurarecumearatatinprimaimaginesevadeschideWeather
Configurator.Iatapentruceafostnecesarsafacemacestelucruri,pentruWOEIDinpluscumvedetise
poateconfiguraloculundesaaparaindicatorulmeteo.

InstalareHUDinUbuntu
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:unityteam/ppa
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetdistupgrade
FreeFileSync
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:freefilesync/ffs
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallfreefilesync
LocallyIntegratedMenus
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:unityteam/lim
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetupgrade
ToenableLIMrunthecommandbelow:
gsettingssetcom.canonical.indicator.appmenumenumodelocallyintegrated
Torevert,runthecommand:
gsettingssetcom.canonical.indicator.appmenumenumodeglobal
UsePPAPurgeifyouwanttoremovepackagesinstalledbyLIMPPA:
sudoaptgetinstallppapurge
sudoppapurgeppa:unityteam/lim
UbuntuTweak
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:tualatrix/next
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallubuntutweak0
Terminator
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:gnometerminator/ppa
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallterminator
DepozitulMedibuntuEsteDisponibilPentruUbuntu12.04PrecisePangolin
DepozitulMedibuntuestefoarteimportantpentruceicareutilizeazUbuntupentrucacestaoferaoseriede

programecarealtfelnuarfidisponibilenaceastdistribuielinux.Codecurile,flashplayer&multealtele
nuarexistanUbuntufracestdepozit.PnnprezentversiuneUbuntu12.04nuputeabeneficiadeacest
depozit,darafostactualizatntrunfinalipentruaceastversiune.
Pentruinstalareintroduceiurmtoareacomandnterminal:
sudoEwgetoutputdocument=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list
http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/$(lsb_releasecs).list&&sudoaptgetquietupdate&&sudoapt
getyesquietallowunauthenticatedinstallmedibuntukeyring&&sudoaptgetquietupdate
InstalladditionallensesinUbuntu'sUnity
1.Openaterminalwindow.
2.TypeinthefollowingcommandsthenhitEnteraftereach.
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:jsevi83/unity
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:atareao/lenses
sudoaptgetupdate
3.HereisalistofcommandstoaddthefollowinglensestoyourUbutuUnitydesktopenvironment.Just
typeinthecommands,notthenamesabovethem.
GraphicDesignLens
sudoaptgetinstallunityscopecolourlovers
ContactsLens
sudoaptgetinstallscopecontactsgoogle
sudoaptgetinstalllenscontacts
TomboyLens
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:remi.rerolle/unitylenstomboy
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallunitylenstomboy
FlickrandPhotoLens
sudoaptgetinstallunityscopeflickr
YouTubeLens
sudoaptgetinstalllensvideo
sudoaptgetinstallscopeyoutube
BookLens
sudoaptgetinstallunitylensbooks
Formore,seetheoriginalarticleatthelinkbelow.
UbuntuTVpackagesforUbuntu11.1032bitand64bitonly.
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:nilarimogard/test3
sudoaptgetupdate&&sudoaptgetinstallunity2d
sudoaptgetinstallunitylensvideo
AsUbuntuTVcantberunfromtheUnity2DsessionyouwillonlybeabletoruntheprototypeinUbuntu
itself.AssumingyoureinUnityrunthefollowingcommand:
unity2dshellopengl
NTFSsupport(readandwritecompatibility):
sudoaptgetinstallntfs3g

UncomplicatedFirewall(ufw&gufw)
sudoaptgetinstallgufw
gufw
Tocheckyourcurrentsettings:sudoufwstatusverbose
Toaddfirewallrules:
sudoufwdeny5353/udp
sudoufwdeny5900/tcp
sudoufwdeny22
sudoufwdeny25/tcp
sudoufwdeny135,139,445/tcp
sudoufwdeny137,138/udp
sudoufwdeny110
sudoufwdeny2049
sudoufwdeny143
sudoufwdeny21/tcp
Recheckyourchanges:
sudoufwstatusverbose
Recheckenable(required):
sudoufwenable
ANTIVIRUS:
ClamAV:
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:ubuntuclamav/ppa
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallclamavclamtk
BitDefender
Firstyouneedtogetafreescannerkeyhereviaemail.
CopyandpasteinTerminal:
gksusynaptic
SelectSettingsandthenselectRepositories,andthenclick
theOtherSoftwareTab,andclickAddandcopyandpastethisrepository:
debhttp://download.bitdefender.com/repos/deb/bitdefendernonfree
apoiinTerminal
wgethttp://download.bitdefender.com/repos/deb/bd.key.asc
sudoaptkeyaddbd.key.asc
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallbitdefenderscannergui
sudoreboot
Serestarteazasistemul
SomeusersarereportingthatBitDefendercrashesrightafterthescanningengineisinitialized.Inorderto
fixthiserroryouwillneedtocopyandpastethisintoterminal:
sudotouch/opt/BitDefenderscanner/var/lib/scan/bdcore.so.linuxx86_64
sudolnfs/opt/BitDefenderscanner/var/lib/scan/bdcore.so.linuxx86_64/opt/BitDefender
scanner/var/lib/scan/bdcore.so
sudobdscanupdate
Essentialtoolsforcompilingfromsources.
sudoaptgetinstallbuildessentialcheckinstallcdbsdevscriptsdhmakefakerootlibxmlparserperlcheck
avahidaemon
InstalareCINNAMON
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:merlwiz79/cinnamonppa

sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallcinnamonsessioncinnamon
OperaBrowser
echo"debhttp://deb.opera.com/opera/stablenonfree"|sudoteea/etc/apt/sources.list.d/opera.list
sudoshc'wgetOhttp://deb.opera.com/archive.key|aptkeyadd'
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallopera
TVMAXE(posturiTV)
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:venerix/blug
sudo apt-get update
sudoaptgetinstalltvmaxe
SAU
sudoaptgetinstallgitcore
gitclonehttps://git.gitorious.org/v3n3rix/tvmaxeclu.git
dirtvmaxe.clu
cdtvmaxeclu
sudo./install
apoisudotvmaxecluinit
verificare
tvmaxecluc
tvmaxecluu
tvmaxeclup
PyMaxe
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:venerix/blug
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallpymaxe
Multimedia(PrerequisiteandRequired)
VLC
sudoaptgetinstallvlcmplayer
SMPlayer
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:rvm/smplayer
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallsmplayer
FFMpeg
sudoaptgetinstalllibxine1ffmpeggxinemencodermpeg2decvorbistoolsid3v2mpg321mpg123libflac+
+6ffmpegtotemmozillaicedaxtagtooleasytagid3toollamenautilusscriptaudioconvertlibmad0libjpeg
progsflacfaacfaadsoxffmpeg2theoralibmpeg24uudeviewflaclibmpeg31mpeg3utilsmpegdemux
liba520.
Gstreammer0.10
sudoaptgetinstallgstreamer0.10ffmpeggstreamer0.10fluendomp3gstreamer0.10gnonlin
gstreamer0.10sdlgstreamer0.10pluginsbadmultiversegstreamer0.10schroedingergstreamer0.10
pluginsuglytotempluginsextra
Moreprograms
sudoaptgetinstallgstreamerdbusmediaservicegstreamertoolsubunturestrictedextras
AdditionalTrueTypeFonts
sudoaptgetinstallttfmscorefontsinstaller
Enabledvdsupport
sudoaptgetinstalllibdvdcss2libdvdnav4vlc
sudoaptgetinstalllibdvdread4
sudo/usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/./installcss.sh
si

sudoaptgetinstallregionset
sudoregionset
AdobeFlashPlayer(prerequisiteandrequired)
sudoaptgetinstallflashplugininstaller
FileArchiving:
sudoaptgetinstallunacerarunrarp7zipzipunzipsharutilsuudeviewmpacklhaarjcabextractfileroller
DownloadManager
sudoaptgetinstallmultiget
DraftSight(Windows:AutoCAD)
sudoaptgetinstalllibxcbrenderutil0
sudoaptgetinstalllibdirectfbextra
Virtualbox4
sudoecho"debhttp://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian$(lsb_releasesc)contrib"|sudotee
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list
wgetqhttp://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.ascO|sudoaptkeyadd
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallvirtualbox4.1
UNetbootincreateLiveUSB
UNetbootinallowsyoutocreatebootableLiveUSBdrivesforavarietyofLinuxdistributionsfrom
WindowsorLinux,withoutrequiringyoutoburnaCD.
UNetbootincancreateabootableLiveUSBdrive,oritcanmakeafrugalinstallonyourlocalharddiskif
youdonthaveaUSBdrive.ItcanloaddistributionsbyautomaticallydownloadingtheirISO(CDimage)
files,orbyusingexistingISOfiles,floppy/harddiskimages,orkernel/initrdfiles,forinstallingother
distributions.
InstallinUbuntu:
ForUbuntuandLinuxMint:
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:gezakovacs/ppa
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallunetbootin
GotoApplications>SystemTools>UNetbootin
Converteste audio, video, imagini i documente in Ubuntu
UneoriestenecesardeconvertitntrunformatsaualtulfiierelenUbuntusaunDebian.FFMulti
Converteresteoaplicaiecareconvertetefiiereinmaimulteformate,folosindicombinndalte
programe.Aplicaiasuportaudio,video,imaginiidocumente.
Aceastafolosesteffmpegpentrufisiereaudio/video,unoconvpentrufisiereledocument(careutilizeaz
legturideOpenOfficesUNObindings)
Videoformat:
asf,avi,dvd,flv,mkv,mmf,mov,mp4,mpeg,ogg,psp,vob,webm,wma,wmv
VideosiAudioformat:
aac,ac3,aiff,au,flac,mp2,wav
Audioformat:
aac,ac3,aiff,amr,asf,au,avi,dvd,flac,flv,m4a,m4v,mmf,mov,mp2,mp3,mp4,mpeg,ogg,rm,
vob,wav,webm,wma
Formatimagine:

 bmp,eps,gif,jpeg,pcx,pdf,png,ppm,tif,tga
Documentformat:

doc>odt,pdf
html>odt
odp>pdf,ppt
ods>pdf
odt>doc,html,pdf,rtf,sxw,txt,xml
ppt>odp
rtf>odt
sdw>odt
sxw>odt
txt>odt
xls>ods
xml>doc,odt,pdf

CerineiDependene

Pentruarulaacestprogramaveinevoiede:
python2,PyQt4
Dependene:
ffmpeg,PythonImagingLibrary(PIL),unoconv,Open/Libreofficesuite
Programulnuarenevoiedetoatedependenelepentruarula.
Deexemplu,puteirulaaplicaia,chiardacnuaveiinstalatPIL,darvaficapabilsconverteasc
oricealtetipuri,defisierecuexcepiafiierelordeimagini.
ntrunsistemUbuntuncazulncarePython,PILiLibreOfficesuntdejainstalate,puteiinstalarestulcu
comanda:
sudoaptgetinstallpythonqt4ffmpegunoconv
Dupaaceastainstalamaplicaiaprinppa:
sudoaddaptrepositoryppa:ffmulticonverter/stable
sudoaptgetupdate
sudoaptgetinstallffmulticonverter
sursa:http://linux.bzic.org/tag/cumfacefecteinubuntu1110/

COMBINATIITASTE
Ctrl+V=Pastetheclipboardcontent
Ctrl+N=New(Createanewdocument,notinterminal)
Ctrl+O=Openadocument
Ctrl+S=Savethecurrentdocument
Ctrl+P=Printthecurrentdocument
Ctrl+W=Closetheclosedocument
Ctrl+Q=Quitthecurrentapplication
KeyboardshortcutsforGNOMEdesktop

Ctrl+Alt+F1=Switchtothefirstvirtualterminal
Ctrl+Alt+F2(F3)(F4)(F5)(F6)=Selectthedifferentvirtualterminals
Ctrl+Alt+F7=RestorebacktothecurrentterminalsessionwithX
Ctrl+Alt+Backspace=RestartGNOME
Alt+Tab=Switchbetweenopenprograms
Ctrl+Alt+L=Lockthescreen.
Alt+F1=openstheApplicationsmenu
Alt+F2=openstheRunApplicationdialogbox.
Alt+F3=openstheDeskbarApplet
Alt+F4=closesthecurrentwindow.
Alt+F5=unmaximizesthecurrentwindow.
Alt+F7=movethecurrentwindow
Alt+F8=resizesthecurrentwindow.
Alt+F9=minimizesthecurrentwindow.
Alt+F10=maximizesthecurrentwindow.
Alt+Space=opensthewindowmenu.
Ctrl+Alt++=SwitchtonextXresolution
Ctrl+Alt+=SwitchtopreviousXresolution
Ctrl+Alt+Left/Right=movetothenext/previousworkspace
KeyboardshortcutsforTerminal
Ctrl+A=Movecursortobeginningofline
Ctrl+E=Movecursortoendofline
Ctrl+C=killsthecurrentprocess.
Ctrl+Z=sendsthecurrentprocesstothebackground.
Ctrl+D=logsyouout.
Ctrl+R=findsthelastcommandmatchingtheenteredletters.
Enteraletter,followedbyTab+Tab=liststheavailablecommandsbeginningwiththoseletters.
Ctrl+U=deletesthecurrentline.
Ctrl+K=deletesthecommandfromthecursorright.
Ctrl+W=deletesthewordbeforethecursor.
Ctrl+L=clearstheterminaloutput
Shift+Ctrl+C=copythehighlightedcommandtotheclipboard.
Shift+Ctrl+V(orShift+Insert)=pastesthecontentsoftheclipboard.
Alt+F=movesforwardoneword.
Alt+B=movesbackwardoneword.
ArrowUp/Down=browsecommandhistory
Shift+PageUp/PageDown=Scrollterminaloutput
KeyboardshortcutsforCompiz
Alt+Tab=switchbetweenopenwindows
Win+Tab=switchbetweenopenwindowswithShiftSwitcherorRingSwitchereffect
Win+E=Expo,showallworkspace
Ctrl+Alt+Down=FilmEffect
Ctrl+Alt+Leftmousebutton=RotateDesktopCube
Alt+Shift+Up=ScaleWindows
Ctrl+Alt+D=ShowDesktop
Win+Leftmousebutton=takescreenshotonselectedarea
Win+Mousewheel=ZoomIn/Out
Alt+Mousewheel=TransparentWindow
Alt+F8=ResizeWindow
Alt+F7=MoveWindow
Win+P=AddHelper

F9=showwidgetlayer
Shift+F9=showwatereffects
Win+Shift+Leftmousebutton=FireEffects
Win+Shift+C=ClearFireEffects
Win+Leftmousebutton=Annotate:Draw
Win+1=Startannotation
Win+3=Endannotation
Win+S=selectswindowsforgrouping
Win+T=GroupWindowstogether
Win+U=UngroupWindows
Win+Left/Right=FlipWindows
KeyboardshortcutforNautilus
Shift+Ctrl+N=CreateNewFolder
Ctrl+T=Deleteselectedfile(s)totrash
Alt+ENTER=ShowFile/FolderProperties
Ctrl+1=ToggleViewAsIcons
Ctrl+2=ToggleViewAsList
Shift+Right=OpenDirectory(OnlyinListView)
Shift+Left=CloseDirectory(OnlyinListView)
Ctrl+S=SelectPattern
F2=RenameFile
Ctrl+A=Selectallfilesandfolders
Ctrl+W=CloseWindow
Ctrl+Shift+W=CloseAllNautilusWindows
Ctrl+R=ReloadNautilusWindow
Alt+Up=Openparentdirectory
Alt+Left=Back
Alt+Right=Forward
Alt+Home=gotoHomefolder
Ctrl+L=gotolocationbar
F9=Showsidepane
Ctrl+H=ShowHiddenFiles
Ctrl++=ZoomIn
Ctrl+=ZoomOut
Ctrl+0=NormalSize