Emplo

andthe
of Eco
Advise
1946-
By HUGH S.
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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHC
COLUMBIA. SOUTHCARO
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.2 3\
I9THCoNGRESS]
on employment,production, and
for other purposes.
House of Representativesof the
is assembled,
ITLE
s the "Employment Act of 1946".
OF POLICY
res that it is the continuingpolicy
)vernmentto use all practicable
I obligationsand other essential
Ltheassistance and cooperationof
andlocalgovernments,to coordi-
, andresourcesfor the purposeof
'calculatedto foster and promote
leneralwelfare, conditions under
ploymentopportunities,including
ing, and seekingto work, and to
uction,andpurchasingpower.(15
4 (b) The Council is authorizedto employ, and f
F TIIE PRESIDENT
rmitto the Congressnot later than
ric report (hereinafter called the
lhelevelsof employment,produc-
g in the United States and such
declaredin section 2; (2) current
of employment,production, and
economicprogram of the Federal
: conditionsaffectingemployment
rrableportion thereof during the
on employment,production, and
rr carryingout the policy declared
deemnecessaryor desirableto achievethe poli
(c) The Economic Report, and all suppleme
under subsection(b) of this section, shall, wh
Bl9lsr be referredto thejoint committeecreated
1022.)
Ilrsronrcar,Norn
1956Amendmen t.-Subsection(a)amend
84thCongress,2d session,cited to text, by
b9g!n{ng of each regular session(comm
t947)."
COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS TO T
Ssc. 4. (a) There is hereby created in the E
President a council of Economic Advisers
"Council"). The Council shallbe composedofth
be appointedby the President,by and wittr the a
Senate,and each of whom shall be a person
training, experience, and attainments is exc
analyze,andint-erpreteconomic development
and activities of the Governmentin the light o
section2, andto formulateand recommendnati
promote employment, production, and purcha
competitive enterprise.The Presidentshall des
bers of the Council as Chairman.2
such specialistsand other expertsas may be ne
out of its functions under this Act, without reg
laws and the classificationAct of 1949,3as ame
subject to the civil service laws, to employ s
employeesas may be necessaryfor carryingout
I In the original Act, before amendments,this read:
beginningof eachregular session(commencingwith the yea
"at the beginningofeach regularsession"in the Legislativ
Public,Law601,79thCongress,lst session.
2 The original Act, before amendments,read: "The Pres
membersof the Council as chairman and one as vice chairm
in the absenceof the chairman."
3 Originally ClassificationAct of 1923.This act was com
309
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rritativeinformation concerning
nomictrends, both current and
rretsuchinformationin the light
I for the purposeof determining
'endsareinterfering,or are likely
t of suchpolicy, and to compile
rsrelatingto such developments
amsand activitiesof the Federal
nlicy declaredin section 2 for
:xtent to which such programs
g, and the extent to which
;hievement
of suchpolicy and to
:sidentwith respectthereto;
to the Presidentnational eco-
lefreecompetitiveenterprise,to
liminishthe effectsthereof.and
ion,and purchasingpower;
rdres,reports thereon,and rec-
tersof Federaleconomicpolicy
ay request.
rualreport to the President in
ts,and duties under this Act-
suchadvisory committeesand
ltives of industry, agriculture,
governments,
and other groups
lestextent possible,utilize the
r (includingstatisticalinforma-
s as well as of private research
of effort and expensemay be
:spowers,functions,and duties
be appropriatedsuch sums as
authorizedto be appropriated(exceptfor the s
bersand the sarariesofofficersandemproye.r
su-ms.as may be necessary. For the salariesof t
-employees
salariesof officers and of the C
thorized to be_appropriated-noi exceedingSf+
gate for each fiscal vear."
.TO"\J, COMMITTEE
"CONOMIC
s Ec5. (a)Thereis herebyestabrished a JointEc
be composedof eieht Membersor ttt" senate,to
Presidentof thesenate.andeightMembeisof the
tives, to be appointedbv the Sipeaker
In each case, the majority pariy shalr"rirr"-i"r*;il
G-i"p....nte
and the minority party shairbe representeo- by tr
(b)Ir shailuethefunCtion
ofii!:"i"i'."rmite
(l) to make a continuingstudy of matter
, nomic Report;
(2) to study meansof coordinatingprogra
.
the policy of this Act: and
(3) as a guideto the severalcommittees
of
with legislation.relating to the Economicn
March r ,aof eachyear.(6eginning with the ye
with the Senateand the House"orRepreien
findingsand recommendations with respec
recommendations madeby the presidenfin th
and from dme to time to mike suchotherrepo
tions to the Senateand House of Repres
advisable.
(c) vacanciesin the.membership of thejointcom
the powerof theremainingmembirsto eiecutethe
committee,and shailbe nted in the samemanne
originalselection.Thejoint committeertt-utir.t.ct
a
chairmanfrom amongits members
(d) joint committee, or any dury
. The autho
thereof, is authorizedto hord suctttrearing's as it de
within the rimitationsof its ,pp.opiiuiions,
the
empoweredto appointand fix the tompensation
orr
{ In the originar
act. beforeamendments, this read: ..May
"February r " in rhe Leeisrativeneorganiiaiion-a.,'Jr
"-'"' c+e, an
| " in PublicLaw 405,80thCong..ztliir.'""
3r l
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'suoqcuny's:emod slr esrcJexaol eallnu
-6!61,g leqolro .uorsses
ul
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'se^quluaseJdeg go asnoH
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rnment, and also of private re- waschanged
to $i25,000inp,rblic Elo
session,
OctoUeiO,i949.
exerciseits powers, functions,
thorized to be appropriated for
)cessary,to be disbursedby the Jonrr Rnso"o"ronol rum 23
igned by the chairman or vice TheJointEconomic committee
pubrication entitred,,,Ff ;;;i; -ini i.is author
;; ;"
: cornpletionof the investigation shallbeprintedto furnish.
lution 26, 8lst Congress,as an
"t?.r, Me
r"; ;"py!;e"ach
secretary andthesergeant atArmi"ofthesenat
ttee,in any businessor profes- Arms,andDoorkeeperof
withoutcompensation,shallnot theH;r;;TR;presen
theIibraries of the S9ryt9 q t$;
:bringingsuchindividualwithin sevenhundredcooies. ."n
to the l;;o- F _
i4of title 18of the United States J"i"tE;;;mic c
quirednumber of iopies-t" ih;'$rii"ntJndent
rsingrestrictions,requirements, tribution.todeposi
rntof persons,the performance
torytiUi"ries; a"t'tf,"'iu p..in
is authorized to havecopies priniio f;;;t; t"id
of compensationin connection
nvolvingthe United States.(15

rlorE
rf suchAct and the heading
out "Joint Committeeon the
ieuthereof"Joint Economic
in which the name "Joint
'appearsis amendedto con- 4
ameof the Joint Committee.
Law 591,84thCongress,2d
nendedby Public Law 86-1,
e original Act provided that
:committee shallasnearlyas
mbershipof the majority and
sess.)as follows: "Compensationfor
theforegoingitems under'Contingent
rdat suchratesand in accordancewith
nmitteeon Rulesand Administration,
provisionof law." (70 Stat. 360.)
REORGANTZATIO;,AN NO.9
(Prepared by thepresident-and
transmitted
to
Houseof Renrese-ntatives in tongr"r, a
pursua"i.t". n.L"irio"Jirin. Re
-lf53,
1949, as amended)!n.
COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISE
The functionsvestedin.theC_ouncil
of Econom
X{:*ljl: EfnJgvqrenl Actof.re4ei;osi"t. 24
runctronsvestedin the,counc' by seciion
reportingto the presidentwith respecG4(c)of i
,nt fu
underthesaidsectionan, u." hei"f,ii.anir.r.eo
council of EconomicAdvisers.-ThJ;;il;" r
of v
council of Economic.Advisers, pi'Liia.J r"r in
section4(a)of the saidAct, is li.;;;;;;[shed.

313
 IN THE SENAT
J
. Murray (for himself,
iMahoney, Mr. Morse, Mr.
the following bill; wh
ttee on Banking and Curr

o establish a national polic

ment in a free comp
of industry, agriculture
Federal Government.
Be it enacted by the Se
nited States of America in
sEcrroN r. This Act may
945:'
Dncr
sEc.s. The Congresshere
(a) It is the policy of the U
ise and the investment of
the development of the n
t(b) Alt Americans able to
[ul, remunerative, regula
icy of the United States
ient employment opportu
,ished their schooling and
ponsibilities freely to exe

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oi p.tn .8.ttp,tg srl teal' r{?Be}o r qlJeJAI l?tp alnsse ot dressef,
yo esnol{ stll puR eleuas aql ol lrodar or (z)::
rrde11 !ll{l Jo (p) prn '(r) '(q
m-ro € uortres IIII/* erueprosre uI luaplsald
t^
^- - - dq
aql - i
'gtoq ro 'uortrnpo
{pnrs
luli*r,r"rr ia8png-puolleN aql Jo
:#' il;"; i"i;r;i;;;;..,,':l,HiXf,t
KTJ:,9
":Y:: }:{ 'aJ la^el eW ol arnlrp
,dllqsrunurp Jo 'suonu
aqr 1o dlqsraq "o.ld praua8 u ta8png
ieqr uI saprud,bpoupr pue dtuoleur !o (a) (uortlnpord
(B) qder8ered q
agerIIBqs eeltprruoD lulof aql ]o uoFzrualal$31' sE
i"1ni5 aQ
dqparuroddz 3o au
;ffi'$';; ;ffi;qilo "qt edxa pue tuaurlsaa
f, Jo ssnoH el{l Jo sraqruel,rlFuonrpp- yt"3:-t:-1'"Y: ! 'uorlras sF{r }o (g) (
lrfi p", s"ra,i" g'suorlerrdorddyuo saa
"T-#;";i"3 2q xzpuad.dv
l[!{ ruaut(,o\dwT'IInt

l-
 subsectioni (b), (.), and (d) of thisl
rres as may be necessaryt" urr".. tfrut ,j
tect to.prices, production, or distribu.
rrces,wrll not tnterfere with the achieve.
I iuclude.a report on the distribution
re preceding fiscal year, or such tonger
r.appropriate, together with an evalia,
rbutron of the national income of the
:t.
rme to time transmit to Congresssuch :,;.:
l, information, programs, or tegislative
1l
n necessaryor desirable in connection-
r Natrolrer, Buocrr
et shall be prepared in the Executive
general direction and supervision of
. with the members of his eabinet and
,tablishmen$.
: to the severaldepartments and estab-
Ltesand other information as will en-
rd programs as may be needed during :
ars to help achieve a full employ-..I
such advisory boards or committees
dustry, agriculture, labor, and State
ashe may deem advisable lor the pur-
Lmethodsof achieving the objeciives
rHs NerroNer Buocrr
ished a Joint Committee on the Na,-,
the chairmen and ranking minority
:s on Appropriations, Banking and
and Finance, and seven addiiional.
nted by the President of the Senate;
nority members of the Ffouse Com-
by the President in accordancewith sec
, (r) to report to the Senate and the {oT"
i. later than March r of each year, its findin
1' with respect to the National Budget, tog
,. tion setting forth for the ensuing fi.scaly
:, respect to such National Budget to serv
, committees of Congressdealing with le
National Budget.
''
, (c) Vacanciesin the membership of the Join
the power of the remaining members to ex
mittee, and shall be filled in the same ma
iginal selection. The committee shall sele
irman from among its members.
; (d) The Joint Committee, or any duly
f, is authorized to sit and act at such pl
subpena or orherwise the attendance of su
lduction of such books, papers, and documents
to take such testimony, to procure such prin
make such expenditures as it deems advisable
rvices to report such hearings shall not be
hundred words. The provisions of sections ro
Revised Statutes shall apply in case o{ any
comply with any subpena, or to testify when su
of this section.
(e) The Joint Committee is empowered to
pensation of such experts, consultants, tech
. stenographic assistanceas it deems necessarya
. pensation so fixed shall not exceed the comp
'the Classification Act of rg23, as amended, fo
committee may utilize-suqh voluntarY and u
I it deems necessaryand is'authorized to uti
i tion, facilities, and personnel of the departm
f r^:-- r^*^3Lr^^
(f The expensesof -L^ the Joint Committee s-
the contingent fund of the Senate and one-hal
, of the Flouse of Representatives upon yauche
or Yieechairman,
 Jo
I atnqrruof, or pau8lsep aq IIBqs ruerSord "*"I",n_:::_r :r_l+d
pue
l"tror ar
i luaruLoldue IInJ E arnsse ot parlnbeJ le^al ; rq arnrrpuadxa
?y.*:^:1T:::::j:3 pueruerurse^ur
lo a
iepeJ arll pue 'tueruura,ro8 prol pue etels.
I dq a.rnrrpuadxa pue 3ueurlsaaur Jo erunlol p., padotdua-Jraserlrt",o"ll:i_jlloJ,
:,'padordura-r,rq
3rrr 9,;,^-.-..-
)gns eq llrlt,t'se a;ntrpuadxa puu tuaurtselur
elurrdoJddu
i..ilSi:1.:'::i" *."/-l;'-'ssilil;;;,l"
rauaS? trrusuerl ller{s tueplserd aql 'uorlrnp
a IInJ apuord ot luarf,lsnsur paueap aJe
rs qlr.lr "af,ueprof,f,e ur quoJ tas urur8ord agl
*,,Illi"l,llul,,T,i}*r.!:.1'll:
a8p urq f :-:::.r.r
ng Iuaur'{ovd rneoi
nsal ot palladxa aq Leur se arnlrpuadxa pu? i:_: lorr
JoSuruur8eqaqi le isar8uoc or rrursr
?anur qf,ns 3eqt ',(uu JI 'tuetxa aql oa (r)
rx9(Ioa JNsr/[IOfd] ra qNv No
'elnlrpuedxe
IJo Ia^aI aqt tJa3e ,(lrrarlpur ro Lprarrp duu' 'asrrdraluaate,rrrddq sertrunl.roddo
ief,Jnosar r
IEJntuu 1o luaudola^ep aqt 'dtpner pue
lu8e 'tuarulsaaur pue aperl u8raroJ .suon 3::^ _Sufaq1la.tr qtp"nn 1euolteu
IIUIISrueuura^oc lerapegaqi xq jrrrlr
'uoltrladruoc puu dlodouoru 'l.cuar.rnc puz puu
anrlllf,e pue sanrlod IErapeJ palralord puu , 1
:1_u1-wdoldur
aautnq 'apnpur deur tuzrSord qrng 'elquJl ;:'iffi
uauru.raao - f::.0:.:"'-1'
h::,:i::n,:: ad'eq,l, Ti::l- r'i
aq se ure-r8o"rdqrns o1 3ur1u1a.ruo4e1q3a1
r r?rep riri*lJ#
le8png r{f,nsur epnlrur osp IIEqs tuepJseJd - ljili,'"11:"T"":::':::.{:l^qTl lid suj
3 aqt or Lcuangap qrns luazr.ardIIr^r sB 'esr ;:il]j#'"Xep,H;n51:
oddo ruau(o1dua pes€eJ)ur alouro-rd 11l,rt pu"''prn."r,,'iil;:^tff .fi ,'l'J
iulsa^urr(lrelnrrt"red'arnlrpuedxa pu? luaul; pue ruatslsuorqf,nsan;rnd
,ul l{rns Sur8eJnorua .roJ ruuJ€ord p"rau ol lr"*.ri"
tqt sr 1r 'luaruloldrue.
?qsluaplseJd agr 'pornd rellro ro rcaL prsg ::f lJry S,rr.,
lerol pu? erprspu' roqnl ."r.i1.rr;d'.{
p ut Lruapgap a,rrtradsord e sr arar{t uaqlf

T ?qruaur{o
)uangep a.rllredso:d e se pap-re8ar eq epp
s'uortras slqr Jo (e) (u) qdurSewd qtr.,'rar ^lrn ldure nq€u1nuIruor
' aqf uI qlroJ las s€ 'uort)npord yo arunlol
ii'?|i':*:l
Pue l?,:'::::i:T:-:-:-"-'Y
i,trr-rncas
pueasuaJel leyolr'u
)l peJlnber-eJnlTPuadxa puE tuallrtse^ul .asudratua "q
'$*d?t,ft;;ft ,j.;:,;"#i
eqt uegt ssalsr 'uorllas srqt yo (t) (e) qd J:*Lr:y:,{rj"Jnrrued ate
t8png puoneN al{r q rproJ res su 'porJad
1 arnlrpuadxe pu€ luetulsarlur arrrlrad S"'"i:i"Affil"i",t;i1lrgl'"li'"'i*;
rtsa aq1 r{rlrl^ Lq ',(ue JI .?uatxa eql (q) -urearenb:np
'1rnpo:d Ieuolleu ssor8 aqt Jo arunlo^
(e roJ alntrpuadxa pue sluautsarr,ul u8r
nq'"""'lei;,;{;;^l_
'trIa alenbapU rnr^^yr
aprrrOfd TJJii]1i^Tlurnr
,-.

tql p,tn'r*oq uuf,rrauv aqt

JoJ peIIEl uraraq uortBurrolur pu?
proJ les sue"r8ord eqt uroq llnser ol
ro
;lt"T_Y
"ni'i- l-l",;s
r # :ffi,",:J (:
ru
tc

C) suolrcasq.,s,ri qrroy ras sarclod

::"
Ifg ruaub1{ug nn[ ary v x1pua88v
ren the national defense ,r.tt q s*.,,-;-,.."*1.- olinvestment and expenditure- requir
t t ut e c u ri ty ; a n d
ishment
is h mp .t and
o nr mainren"r.{-;;
*^, . - . ^- -
;;;;iltffil: volume ot production, as set forth in
I that continuing full emproymenr a15e yith paragraph (a) (z) of this sect
be main- true be regarded as a prospertive def
stry agriculture, labor and When there is a prospective deficiency
State and local l
employment,it i, A;;:: fiscalyear or other_period, the presiden
.:"i,:':::s-.tull
]overnment ,o puar'lr" general program for encouraging suc
Tii,:?
#.H:"":
l*Fil,i?s H':1:::
ible levers bt Emplov llj
aLtrano
opPortunities
ment and expenditure,
-particularly
will promote increased-emp_loymint
inv

ron-Federal ;;r,t#iTent, prise,_as will prevent such deficiency to

inui
nsr,ii"-pj;;:L TXffTillfii,.; President shall also include in such Bu
responsibilityof tt e Federal Iegislation relating to such progra- u
C""..r*.rii sirable. Such program may include, but
:deralinvestmentand.expenditure
rg full employment;and. ;;;; and projected Federal policies and acti
,Jnditure6y ,ir. F;d.;;i;overnment 'and currency, monopoly and competit
the national wealth u"a shall tions, foreign trade and investment,
ment opportunities .*.ff_U"irr;,ffi rcurity, the development of natural teso
by private .rrt.- .ir.. may directly or indirectly afiect the leve
JcrroN AND EltproyulNr expenditure.
Buocrr
ll transmit to Congressat (c) To the extent, if any, that such in
the beginning of a-ndexpenditure as may be expected to
nal.?roductio., n*ptoymeit ;;1";;
te "NationalBudget',),^
"id the program set forth in accoidance wi
*r,i.f, ,fr"ifti, are deemed insufficient_ to,provide a fu
ror tne ensuing fiscal year
or such fong., duction, the President shall transmit a g
eem ap-propriate_
tabor torce, including the investment.and expenditure as will bJs
self_emploved volume of investment and expenditure
olume of investment and. expenditure state and government, and the F
by level required-loc,al
,-Stateand Iocal governments, to assure a full employm
and the :.program shall be designed to confibut
ro produce such volume of
the .qrossna_. rwell-being, and to stimulate
pri.ce1 additiona
ll..:.1:.t aswitr b; ;;:;;';; expenditure. o,f such^programs
rurlestor such labor force l"y call
(such djlar li_cworks by the Federal Government sh
ed to as the ',full employment
volume of , of the, necessaly construction work by p
volume of prospective investment awarded in accordance with
and _applicable
tses,consumers,State and ance of such work by some other method
local govern_ circumstancesor is authorized by other
ment (not taking into account
Inv in_ (d) rt rhe estimated aggregate volume
t or expenditure which might
be ex- expenditure for any fiscal year or other
 "
q
u qrla1yf preqrpl
(I slqroo^ dlJef
Il c utloa 'g 'f
IE o preddaqg'1 '11
9r (I uosrelled .x .g
II q pu€lmo'g a8roa5
9 (I FIIIntr'd a8roeC
9r
Lr
u
c
q3nouoqr141 uoproC
3u1y '11 p:e3 ::::Tq.rru,*n#ov;'T
:as urerSorddue_..ro;uonuudordde
C a13un 4e13 ro lsuorlerrdordd,euo sarnparo
c,
c lEzI 'A pl
6r (I plegrloH larl3 ";il,;.",:"
-apurrr^ao,,"u;"];f;
c dleag'1 palq
(I reuueaEl{ 'u {uErd
,(q sarlrpru3anrlcnpord Jeqto ro
8r (I 41,(og ap.{13 'sauo
lt o selSnoq'C ualaH
ro ro3 SurJ1uf,se penJtsuol aq
VINUOJI'I IFqs ur
'T'V q {roprntrAllI uqof .:, NOT.LEU<ru
'1'V (t ssalr€H prEqlru ;,.
VNOZIE
o_,
6q Tll.nzd roq]n.I : IEuopEN arn ol p:re8a-rgtr.r uorleru
vr{vsv'I r -ruof,qJns qsrurnJ 'ssar8uo3 Jo asnol{
lcltlslo K7n4 uotussatBuoS aql le '11uqs
srue.''gsrqursa
pue
-,.4r
1: ,ssall.Immo)
'.rr

,"' ar{r puu .que

ryfyrJdq
-,,^lY::::11.? aruarrd a-rnJrpuad
- "'uoyssaursnq
Pueruarrno
,,,Xl,l^"?i]."-,,,.1-lTiill-":
'" *. r1:'^yT,_g-yr:lll'"
Bu
ilfr,::: i
, i:t"*f::?:::
tuatxa::^
i,-..*ql_P""
:.."^yr'1J,tur
relereq^r or pelr"^ aq d
t"'""'Y,'-Yl,
9lq?!alql{_loe!n9H - l'J:i:t
:lJJ, inroy tas aq ,(eru::t::li11uro
sEspJupuets
n"
p.rn
{'H Jo srosuods-o39I r aql
.,..-PUgluaurlse^ul IeJaDe,r rrlns Jo
.)ec qf,ns rn arunloa
f,rrrhr^^
:."Ipuadxa
fii-mr,_,1--^
pueruarulsa;,ur
l'repad_u"l
{ xlpuaddf . I,uo,otta^.rr
i,Yl,;,,::^u.1"]
eqr.5ui.,t"rrirn yo
-ruerxa dl.ratrunb
lurapeg 1p
^rerleJ
siarnlrcrNxaxx .

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