EABBLN]GTYKlgminh Ghgin oat }fl Oitu} ]ibl

Efiz Ua|dg+ B.M.+ Ue.M.+ B.D.G.

Ao﬇el ao }fl _iel"Ztluimln}!Lle|}ivl Mlgn oat }fl Flgk}f Ueilnelu gnm Mlgn ao }fl Eakklhl ao Blmieinl+Afia U}g}l \nivltui}y+ Eak|bd|u+ Afia

U|dbi}}lm oat z|dkieg}ian G|h|u} 46+ 4::9

Ya| fgvl dlln klgminh oat bau} ao ya|t kiol. Ya| dl"hgn klgminh ya|tulko dy ul}}inh hagku+ u}gyinh an }guc+gnm klgtninh ulko"miueizkinl. Gu ya| bg}|tlm ya| dl"egbl batl zta﬇eiln} g} u}tg}lhie zkgnninh+ tlet|i}inh}gkln}+ gnm etlg}inh }fl tihf} e|k}|tl. Ya| eanu}t|e}lmotab }flul lzltilnelu ya|t axn

ibzkiei} klgmltufiz}flaty

+ g xgy ao bgcinh ulnul ao klgmltufiz+ ya|t axnbln}gk bamlk ao xfg} klgmltufiz iu gda|} gnm fax i}xatcuS7R. Io ya| gtl kicl bau} zlazkl+ g mabingn} eab"zanln} ao ya|t bln}gk bamlk }fincu ao klgmltufiz gudlinh gda|} g zltuan in efgthl xfa klgmu ‖‖a|} }fltl’’dy xilkminh zaxlt+ ztaviminh gnuxltu+ gnm u}gnminhgzgt}S4R. Anl ao }fl eatakkgtilu ao }fiu }fincinh iu }fg}io }fl klgmlt z|kku }fl tihf} u}tg}lhie klvltu+ }|tnu }fltihf} azltg}iangk migku+ gnm bluflu }fl tihf} ztael"m|tgk hlgtu+}fl athgnipg}ianxikk efgnhloat }fldl}}lt+gnm inmivim|gk efgnhl xikk oakkaxS5R.]fl ztlbiul ao }fiu gt}iekl iu }fg} }fiu }fincinh iudgecxgtmu.U|u}gingdklu|eeluudlhinuxi}f}tgnuoatb"inh zlazkl ﬇tu} dy efgnhinh }flit bln}gk bgzu gnm}fa|hf}zg}}ltnu.Dlfgviatuxikk}flnefgnhlgnmathg"nipg}iangk }tgnuoatbg}ian xikk oakkax. ]fiu nlx xgy ao |nmltu}gnminh klgmltufiz tlw|itlu }fg} klgmltu uzlnmb|efbatl}iblklgtninhgda|}gnmklgminh}flbulkvlu.Zl}lt Dkaec xta}l+ ‖‖Io }fltl iu na }tgnuoatbg}ian in"uiml lgef ao |u+ gkk }fl u}t|e}|tgk efgnhl in }fl xatkmxikk fgvl na ibzge} an a|t inu}i}|}ianuS=R.’’ ]a klgmbatl loole}ivlky”}a eanu}t|e}ivlky efgnhl a|t athgni"pg}ianu gnm a|t xatkm”xl b|u} dlhin dy efgnhinhfax xl }finc gda|} klgmltufiz dleg|ul a|t }fincinh|k}ibg}lky inﬄ|lnelu fax xl zltoatb. ]fiu nlx xgyao }fincinh dlhinu an }fl inuiml. Xfln xl bgcl }fiuufio}+ oat bgny ao |u i} xikk dl kicl klgminh ghgin oat}fl ﬇tu} }ibl.

LVLTEIUINH KLGMLTUFIZ AN ]FL INUIML

Gu g ulw|lk }a ztlvia|u xatcS<R+ }fiu gt}iekl o|t}fltlzkatlu }fl mllzky tlxgtminh d|} invgtigdky efgkklnh"inh `a|tnly ao klgminh ya|tulko ua ya| egn batl loole"}ivlky klgm a}fltu. Efgnhinh zlazkl iu na lguy }gucgnm }fl anky zltuan ya| egn }t|ky efgnhl iu ya|tulko.Bau} ao |u man’} xgn} }a efgnhl gnm xl xan’} |nkluuxl’tl azln }a efgnhl. Klgmltu zkgy g eti}iegk takl in etl"g}inh }flul azlninhu+ xfief hivlu |u gn ln}tl½l }a }flzltuangk`a|tnlyxlb|u}lbdgtc|zan+uaanltatkg}lt.

Dl Binmo|k ao Ya|t Bln}gk Fgtm Mtivlu gnm Bgzu

Tlulgtefltu in nl|taueilnel gnm zuyefakahy fgvl}g|hf} |u }fg} }fl xgy xl bgcl ulnul ao }fl xatkm iudgulm kluu an xfg} xl ‖‖ull’’ gnm batl an }fl bln}gkbgzu }fg} gktlgmy liu} in a|t flgmuS?―74R. Xti}ltgnm migtiu} Gngiu Nin ugim+ ‖‖Xl man’} ull }finhu gu}fly gtl+ xl ull }finhu gu xl gtl.’’ In gn g}}lbz} }abgclulnulao}flbikkianuaoulnuatyinz|}uxlgtldab"dgtmlm xi}f lvlty uleanm+ xl anky ztaeluu g ubgkk otge"}ian dy ulkle}ivlky ﬇k}ltinh }flb gnm in}lhtg}inh }flb}a ﬇} a|t |nmltu}gnminh ao }fl xatkmS75+ 7=R. Otabg ztge}iegk u}gnmzain}+ }fiu ztlvln}u ulnuaty avltkagmgnm eano|uian d|} anky gu g tlu|k} ao g `g|nmielm lyl.]fl dtgin xatcu fgtm }a bgcl ulnul ao nanulnul dymiu}at}inhgnmmiuegtminh inz|}u}fg}man’}eabzklbln}a|t liu}inh bamlku ao tlguaninh. Gu }fl Otlnef zfikau"azflt Flnti Dlthuan ugim+ ‖‖]fl lyl ullu anky xfg} }flbinm iu ztlzgtlm }a eabztlflnm.’’ Zanmlt }fl oakkaxinhzgtghtgzf+ xfief ufaxlm |z an }fl Xld g olx ylgtugha0

Gaeemtnih }a tuefllgtef g} gn Lkinhuf |inltv}iuy+ i}mlaun’} b}}glt in xgf} atlmt }fl k}}lltu in g xtamgtl+ }fl akny iztbal}n} }ifnh iu }gf} }fl otiu} gnmkug}k}}lltgtlin}flthfi}zekgl.]fltul}egndlg}ag}kbulugnmya|egnui}kktglmi}xa|}fi}gzatdlkb.]ifu

]a xfab eattluzanmlnel gnm tlztin} tlw|lu}u ufa|km dl gm"mtluulm g} Afia U}g}l \nivltui}y+ 4<= Blikinh Fgkk+ 58: Xlu} 9}f Gv"ln|l+ Eak|bd|u+ AF =547:. L"bgik0efiz.ua|dgJau|be.lm|.

::44"=6:=!:9 -5?.::

4::9 Lkulvilt Ine. Gkk tihf}u tlultvlm.

759@a|tngk ao U|thiegk Tlulgtef

7<8+

759―7<5 &4::9)mai07:.7:7?!`.`uu.4::9.:9.:76

iude|ulglxlmana}tglmltvlyk}l}ltdyi}uklod|}}flxtam gu g xkafl gnm }fl ditgn oh|iltu i} a|} gyngxy.

In79=5+Clnnl}fEtgicS7<Rin}tam|elm}fleanelz}ao bln}gk bamlku xfln fl ztazaulm }fg} ‖‖}fl binm ean"u}t|e}u ubgkk"uegkl bamlku ao tlgki}y }fg} i} |ulu }agn}ieizg}l lvln}u+ }a tlguan+ gnm }a |nmltkil lzkgng"}ian.’’ ]flul bln}gk eanu}t|e}u gtl d|ik} otab mllzky in"htginlmgnmin}ltngkiplmguu|bz}ianu+hlnltgkipg}ianu+at lvln ibghlu }fg} inﬄ|lnel fax xl |nmltu}gnm }flxatkm gnm fax xl }gcl ge}ianS7?R. Xflnlvlt xl zlt"elivl gny}finh i}iu ﬇k}ltlm }fta|hf g ul} aodgechta|nmguu|bz}ianu gnm dlkilou gda|} xfg} }a kaac oat+ xfg} iuibzat}gn} }a |u gnm xfg} iu tlklvgn} }a a|t u|tvivgk.Inmllm+ }fl dtgin iu xitlm oat u|tvivgk batl ua }fgnoat tlgki}y. G bln}gk bamlk iu a|t dlkilo ao fax }fl xatkm xatcu.Xl ugy+ ‖‖]fiu iu }fl xgy }finhu xatc gta|nm fltl’’ at‖‖]fl tlgki}y iu

.’’ Bln}gk bamlku gtl |ulo|k dleg|ul}fly uibzkioy gnm athgnipl a|t kivlu gnm a|t az}ianu.Xl fgvl bln}gk bamlku oat fax }a hl} g htgn} o|nmlm3bln}gk bamlku oat fax }a tgiul a|t efikmtln3 bln}gkbamlku oat efgitinh g eabbi}}ll. B|ef gu g tagm bgzufaxu ya| fax }a hl} otab ei}y G }a ei}y D+ bln}gkbgzu ztaviml mitle}ian gnm h|imgnel an fax }a mlgkxi}f ztadklbu gnm hl} }finhu manl. Gkk bgzu tlfflle}}fl bgzbgclt’u diguS9+ 78R.Xl geelz} a|t bln}gk bgzu gu l}ltngk tlgki}y”gu}t|}f”gnm xl ge} an }flb gu u|ef dleg|ul }flybgcl ulnul }a |u. A|t }fincinh+ a|t dlfgviatu+ a|t ge"}ianu gnm a|t zltoatbgnel gtl gkk goole}lm dy a|t eahni"}ivl bgzu. A|t bln}gk bamlku gtl na} ua b|ef vilxugnm dlkilou }fg} xl fakm }ihf}ky gu }fly gtl vilxu gnmdlkilou }fg} }ihf}ky fakm |u.Zlazklmaxfg}bgcluulnul}a}flbgnm}flitbln}gkbgzu ztaviml }fg} ulnul"bgcinh. ]fl Gk"Wglmg }lttat"iu}ufi`geclmoa|t eabblteigkgitkinltu gnmmlkidltg}lkyetguflm }xa ao }flb in}a }fl }xin }axltu ao }fl Xatkm]tgml Eln}lt dleg|ul i} bgml ulnul }a }flb. I} bgyna} bgcl ulnul }a ya| gnm bl d|} i} bgml ulnul }a}fl }lttatiu}u. Ya| u|dbi}}lm ya|t htgn} }a }fl NIFdleg|ul+ in ya|t binm+ i} bgml ulnul. I} bgy na} fgvlbgml ulnul }a }fl u}|my ule}ian tlvilxltu.]fl ztadklb iu na} }fg} xl fgvl bln}gk bamlku”inmllm}flygtlnleluugtyoatu|tvivgk.Ioa|tbinmmimn’}fgvl g ‖‖et|iul ean}tak’’ az}ian+ xl xa|km uzlnm b|ef ao lgef mgy `|u} hl}}inh tlgmy oat xatc. ]fl iuu|l iu }fg}xl man’} tleahnipl }fg} xl fgvl bln}gk bgzu gnm }fg}}fly gtl a|t |niw|l tlgki}y eanu}t|e}uS5+ 9R. Xl }finc‖‖}fiu’’ iu fax }fl xatkm xatcu. D|}+ ‖‖}fiu’’ iu na} fax }flxatkmxatcu3i}iubltlkya|tzltelz}ianaofax}flxatkmxatcu+d|ik}ina|tbinm.Anelgbgzdleablul}eflm+xlao}ln miu}at} l}ltngk inz|}u ua }fly vgkimg}l i}S9+ 76R.]fl batl a|t bln}gk bgzu fgvl xatclm in }fl zgu}&}fl batl u|eeluu xl }finc }fly fgvl hivln |u) }flbatl mio﬇e|k} }fly gtl }a tlviul gnm }fl batl kiclky}fly gtl }a eg|ul ulkle}ivl zltelz}ianS9+ 78R. Klgminheanu}t|e}ivlefgnhl+xfl}fltg}gzltuangkatathgnipg"}iangkklvlk+dlhinuxi}f|notllpinh}flbln}gkbgzuxlegtty gta|nm in a|t flgmu. ]fiu invakvlu na} `|u} nlxklgtninh d|} |nklgtninh ao uabl dlkilo }fg} iu gktlgmy}fltl gnm za}ln}igkky in }fl xgy. ]fiu ztaeluu egn dlmiuatiln}inh gnm gxcxgtm.Flkzinh a}fltu }geckl }flit a|}bamlm xgyu ao }finc"inh}fg}gtlnakanhlttlklvgn}iuxfltlklgmltuegnzkgyg eti}iegk takl. Oitu}+ faxlvlt+ }fly b|u} eanotan} }flitaxn a|}mg}lm bln}gk bgzu dloatl }fly egn flkz a}fltzlazkl ‖‖ull’’ miooltln}ky. D|} }fltl’u g za}ln}igk hki}ef+xfief UlnhlS79Rzain}u a|}+ ‖‖Mllz efgnhl eablu anky}fta|hf tlgk zltuangk htax}f+ }fta|hf klgtninh+ gnm|nklgtninh. ]fiu iu }fl cinm ao hlnltg}ivl xatc }fg}bau} lle|}ivlu gtl ztlek|mlm otab mainh dy }flblefgniegkbinm"ul}gnmdy}fle|k}ao}flflta"klgmlt.’’Xl gtl na} }gkcinh gda|} efgnhinh zlazkl in uabluat} ao uefipazftlnie ulnul. Tg}flt+ xl gtl }gkcinhgda|} efgnhinh fax }fly ‖‖ull+’’ fax }fly bgcl ulnul+fax }fly }finc. ]a efgnhl ya|t xatkm gnm ya|t kiol+ya| ﬇tu} fgvl }a efgnhl ya|t }fincinh. Gu Gkdlt} Lin"u}lin ogba|uky u|hhlu}lm+ ‖‖Xi}fa|} efgnhinh a|t zg}"}ltnu ao }fa|hf}+ xl xikk na} dl gdkl }a uakvl }flztadklbu xl etlg}lm xi}f a|t e|ttln} zg}}ltnu ao }fa|hf}.’’Eanuimlt oat g babln} }fg} }ftll fgtm mtivlu tluimlinya|tdtgin&Oih.7).Anlao}flbiukgdlklm}flztluln}+anl }fl zgu}+ gnm anl }fl o|}|tl. Kicl }fl fgtm mtivl inya|teabz|}lt+}flulbln}gkfgtmmtivluu}atlinoatbg"}ian. Mg}g inz|}u anky aee|t in }fl ztluln} &a|t ulnuluanky azltg}l in }fl ztluln}) d|} gtl gkbau} inu}gn}g"nla|uky u}atlm in }fl zgu} dleg|ul }fl ztluln} iu avltguuaangui}fgzzlnu.]f|u+}flztluln}fgtmmtivliutl"gkkybatlkiclgeln}tgkztaeluuinh|ni}xfltlinz|}ugtlmleamlm+bgml ulnulao+gnmmlkl}lm&gu nleluugty). ]flin}ltztl}lminoatbg}ianiuu}atlmina|tzgu}fgtmmtivl.Dy ml﬇ni}ian+ }fiu xgtlfa|ulm inoatbg}ian tlfflle}u a|tinfltln} digulu gnm ufgzlu a|t eahni}ivl bgzu.Xl man’} tlhiu}lt at tlblbdlt }fl vgu} bgàti}y ao }fl lzltilnelu+ lvln}u gnm ineimln}u }fg} aee|t ina|t kivluS<R. ]faul xl ma u}atl in a|t blbaty &zgu}fgtm mtivl) gtl }faul lzltilnelu xl guetidl blgninh}a dleg|ul ao }fl ollkinhu &zaui}ivl at nlhg}ivl) }flylvaclm in |u xfln }fly fgzzlnlm. ]fl dtgin hivlu}flb blgninh in }fl oatb ao gn in}ltztl}g}ian”g ean"u}t|e}lm ‖‖u}aty’’S<+4:―45R. Oat lgbzkl+ ya| bgytlblbdltya|thtgnmog}flt’u dlkkykg|hfotab<:ylgtugha gnm }fl ollkinhu ao ày gnm goole}ian i} ztam|elm inya| dgec }fln gnm lvln }amgy. At+ ya| bgy tlegkk }fg}blmiaetl zltoatbgnel lvgk|g}ian ya| ha} 7: ylgtu ghagnm }fl ollkinhu ao gnil}y+ ingmlw|gey+ gnm mlolnuivl"nluu }fg} gtl }tihhltlm xfln ya| }finc gda|} i}.

@A\TNGK AO U\THIEGK TLULGTEF0 _AK. 7<8+ NA. 4+ MLELBDLT 4::9

7=:

Xl ‖‖eanu|k}’’ a|t kiol u}aty+ eanueia|uky at |nean"ueia|uky+ in lvlty}finh xl ma. Xl }lnm }a zgecghl a|tvgtia|u u}atilu in}a ufat}+ lguy"}a"tlegkk ‖‖in}ltztl}g"}ian"dgulm’’ }t|}fu &na} lvimlnel"dgulm) }fg} inoatba|t }fincinh gnm ufgzl a|t efaielu gnm dlfgviatu.Oat inu}gnel+ a|t u}atilm in}ltztl}g}ianu }fg} w|lu}iana|t eabzl}lnel+ gmlw|gey+ gnm geelz}gnel gtl ao}lnlmi}lm in}a g dlkilo }fg} ugyu+ ‖‖I’b na} haam lna|hf.’’At+ gu gna}flt lgbzkl+ io ya| zltelivl ya|t `ad }a dlg dg}}klhta|nm xfltl ya| fgvl }a ﬇hf} oat lvlty}finhya| hl}+ ya| ztadgdky fgvl g efgz}lt in ya|t kiol u}aty}fg}’u g vltuian ao+ ‖‖Xg}ef ya|t dgec3 ya| egn’} }t|u}}fl gmbiniu}tg}ian.’’ Gngkyuiu+ ulnul"bgcinh gnm in}ltztl}g}ian ao inz|}ugtl gkxgyu go}lt }fl oge}+ in finmuihf}S78+ 4=+ 4<R. In}fl egul ao }faul na} ua zklgugn} lzltilnelu+ a|t in}lt"ztl}g}ian iu invgtigdky miooltln} otab xfg} tlgkky fgz"zlnlmS<R. Bgydl }fg} dauu }fg} hgvl ya| }fg}blmiaetl lbzkayll gzztgiugk xgu tlgkky ztaviminh ya|xi}f xlkk"in}ln}ianlm+ fanlu} ollmdgec ua ya| ea|kmibztavl ya|t zltoatbgnel g} xatc.Xl gkk fgvl lbzaxltinh gnm miulbzaxltinh u}atilu}fg} gtl }|eclm gxgy in a|t zgu} fgtm mtivl &]gdkl 7).]fl blbatilu ao }fl zaui}ivl anlu gtl zaxlto|k3 }flyztaviml |u xi}f g tlkigdkl dk|lztin} oat kivinh a|t kivlu.]fl ztadklb iu xi}f a|t |nflgk}fy u}atilu3 }fly egnfakm |u dgecS<+ 45R. ]flul nlhg}ivl efgz}ltu in a|tkiol u}aty”}fl anlu }fg} w|lu}ian a|t eabzl}lnel gnmgmlw|gey”egn dleabl fgtm"xitlm }a a|t MNG gnmd|tilm in mg}gdgulu in a|t zgu} fgtm mtivl+ bgcinh i}mio﬇e|k} }a lbz}y }flb in}a }fl }tguf. ]fly egn dleabllnhtgvlm in}a a|t bln}gk bgzu gnm dleabl a|t tlgki}y.Otab }flul u}atilu+ xl bgy klgtn }a dl mlolnuivl+ ean"}takkinh+ bgniz|kg}ivl+ `|mhbln}gk+ gnm!at miutluzle}"o|k+ dlfgviatu }fg} elt}ginky gtl ineanuiu}ln} xi}fhaam klgmltufiz.I} xa|km dl ngivl }a }finc xl ea|km cllz gkk ao a|tu}atilu }fg} fakm |u dgec in }fl zgu}+ ‖‖a|} ao uihf}+ a|}ao binm.’’ Gkk f|bgn dlinhu bgcl bln}gk u}atghl lt"tatu. ]fl bau} eabban gnm za}ln}igkky ultia|u u}atghllttat xl bgcl iu }tgnuolttinh a|t miulbzaxltinhu}atilu otab a|t zgu} fgtm mtivl gnm u}atinh }flb ina|t o|}|tl fgtm mtivlS4?R. Xfln }fiu fgzzlnu+ }flu}aty egn ‖‖kivl an’’ gnm dleabl gn lnatba|u xlihf} ina|t kivlu+ kibi}inh tlkg}ianufizu+ gnm ugzzinh a|tlnlthy. ]fl o|}|tl dleablu ek|}}ltlm xi}f gkk uat}u ao fiu}atiegk dghhghl gnm d|tmlnuabl blbatilu u|ef}fg}i}dleablu+}aguihni﬇egn}l}ln}+gnl}tgzakg}ianao}flzgu}S<R.Xl cllzmainh}finhu}flugbl xgy}iblgnm ghgin. ‖‖Inugni}y+’’ ugim Linu}lin+ ‖‖iu mainh }fl ugbl}finh avlt gnm avlt ghgin gnm lzle}inh miooltln}tlu|k}u.’’

OIH.7.

A|t }ftll bln}gk fgtm mtivlu0ztluln}+ zgu}+gnm o|}|tl. ]flbau} eabbangnm za}ln}igkky ultia|uu}atghl lttat xlbgcl iu }tgnu"olttinh a|t miulbzaxltinh u}atilu otab a|t zgu} fgtm mtivl gnm u}atinh }flb in a|t o|}|tl fgtm mtivlS4?R.

]GDKL 7U}atilu otab }fl Zgu} }fg} Zlazkl ]tgnuolt gnm U}atl in ]flit O|}|tl Fgtm Mtivl

Lgbzklu ao lbzaxltinh kiol u}atilu Lgbzklu ao miulbzaxltinh kiol u}atiluI fgvl b|ef }a dl htg}lo|k oat I’b na} haam lna|hf3 I’b a|} oat byulko ]fl xatc I ma bgclu g ean}tid|}ian }a a}fltu I}’u g plta u|b hgbl3 I’b tihf}!ya|’tl xtanhI gb zgt} ao uabl}finh kgthlt }fgn byulko Ufl xikk nlvlt dl g }lgb zkgyltI gzztleig}l xfg} a}fltu ma oat bl By dauu iu g `ltc gnm fl xan’} efgnhlXfln I’vl z|} in }fl looat}+ i} fgu zgim aoo Io xl fgm }flit tlua|telu xl ea|km dl htlg} }aaI xikk ullc a|} }fl dlu} in a}fltu By bgttighl xikk u|ec |n}ik by uza|ul efgnhluI xikk eabbi} }a klgminh tluzanuidky in by kiol Xg}ef ya|t dgec3 ya| egn’} }t|u} }fl gmbiniu}tg}ianUA\DG0 KLGMINH GHGIN OAT ]FL OITU] ]IBL

7=7