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Foundations of Mathematics ISet Theory(only a draft)
Ali NesinMathematics DepartmentIstanbul Bilgi UniversityKu¸stepe S¸i¸sliIstanbul Turkeyanesin@bilgi.edu.trFebruary 12, 2004
 
2
 
Contents
I Naive Set Theory 7
1 Basic Concepts and Examples 11
1.1 Sets, Subsets and Emptyset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.2 Notes on Formalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.3 Number Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.4 Subsets Defined By a Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.5 Sets of Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.6 Parametrized Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2 Operations with Sets 25
2.1 Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.2 Intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.3 Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.4 Cartesian Product of Two Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3 Functions 31
3.1 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.2 More On Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.3 Binary Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.4 Operations with Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373.5 Injections, Surjections, Bijections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.5.1 Injections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.5.2 Surjections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.5.3 Bijections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.6 Sym(
X 
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.7 Families, Sequences and Cartesian Products . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4 Relations 47
4.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.2 Equivalence Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.3 Partial Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534.4 Total Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5 Induction 57
3
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