trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf

trsKd;om;'Dru
kd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf

2010 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (14)&ufaeŒwGif

wdk;csJŒwm0efay;cJhaom

A[dktvkyftr+aqmiftzGJŒ0if (9)OD;.

ud,
k af &;txkyw
` t
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16 1
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf

OD;0if;jrifh
{&m0wDwikd ;f / "EkjzLòrŒd e,f
rJqENe,f trSwf (1)
trsK;d om;'Drudk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf

OD;0if;jrifo h nf "EkjzLòrŒd e,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)wGif trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyftm;
ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rHk J (20˜388) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mckid Ef KS ef; (55²57)jzifh
a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf?
"EkjzLòrdŒe,f/ anmifausmif;aus;&GmZmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;xGe;f usi/f trd a':oef;
wk@d rS 1951 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (8) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;0if;jrifo
h nf anmifausmif;aus;&Gm
tpk;d & rlvwef;ausmif;/ "EkjzLòrdŒ tpk;d &txufwef;ausmif;/ ykord òf rdŒwGif tpk;d &txufwef;
ausmif; trSw(f 6) wGif tajccHynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D 1974 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek 0f Zd m… ESiohf yd w
H` uUov dk rf S
odyH` (blrad A')bJ@G &&Scd o hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS w f iG f txufwef;a&SŒaepmar;yJu G v dk nf;aumif;/ 1985
ckEpS wf iG f rSwyf w
Hk ifa&SŒae oifwef;udv k nf;aumif; ajzqkad tmifjrifco hJ nf?
1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l 'rD u dk a&pDta&;awmfy}Hk uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? "EkjzLòrdŒ
e,f trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyfwiG f jyef=um;a&;r–;tjzpf aqmif&u G cf o hJ nf? 1993 ckEpS w f iG f
"EkjzLrS &efuek af usmufajrmif;od@k ajymif;a&G@aexdik cf +Jh yD; trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[d¶k ;kH wGif
ygww D m0efrsm;udt k csed jf ynfx
h rf;aqmifae+yD; {&m0wDwikd ;f twGi;f a&;rSL;wm0efuv kd nf; xrf;
aqmifv#u&f ydS gonf? A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmiftaxmuftulðytzG@J wiG yf g0ifaqmif&u G cf +hJ y;D 2010
ckEpS /f ZEM0g&v D (14) &ufae@wiG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf?

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

2 15
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf

ckEpS /f Zefe0g&vD (6) &ufae@wiG f ‘vGwv f yfonfh tm&StoH’ (Radio Free Asia) toHvi$ hf XmeESihf trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzJŒG csKyf
awG@qaHk r;jref;cJo h nft h wGuf ‘1926 ckEpS /f w&m;±k;H rsm;ukd rxDrjhJ rifðyr_tufOya' yk'rf (3) t& trSw(f 97§c)/ taemufa&$*w kH ikd v
f rf;
'%faiG (2000) usyaf y;aqmif&ef ysuu f u
G yf gu tvkyrf ahJ xmif'%f (1) v uscaH p&ef trde@f cs A[ef;òrdŒe,f/ &efuek òf rdŒ
rSwjf cif;cHc&hJ onf? ZeD;rSm a':cifcifat; (w&m;±k;H csKyfa&SŒae) jzpf+y;D om;ESpOf ;D xGe;f um;cJo
h nf?
trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf A[dOk ya'XmeESihf rGejf ynfe,fpnf;tzG@J 0if wm0efrsm;udk 2010 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v
D (14)&uf
ylwx JG rf;aqmifv#u&f ydS gonf? A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif taxmuftulðytzG@J wiG f yg0ifaqmif 1371 ckEpS /f jymodv
k jynf@ausmf (15)&uf
&Gucf +Jh yD;2010 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&v
D (14) &ufae@wiG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ
ygonf? a-unmcsuftrSwf= 2 § 01 § 10
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf A[dt

k vkyt
f rSKaqmiftzGŒJ udk atmufygy*k Kd~ vfwŒkd jzifh
OD;xGe;f atmif (c) OD;xGe;f xGe;f [def wd;k csŒJ wm0efay;vduk yf gonf?
&Sr;f jynfe,f/ aemifcsKòd rŒd e,f rJqENe,f/
trsK;d om;'Dru
dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf? a'guw f moef;_idr;f
OD;tke;f óudif
OD;xGef;atmif (c) OD;xGef;xGef;[defonf aemifcsKdòrdŒe,frJqENe,fwGif trsKd;om; OD;0if;jrifh
'Dru kd a&pDtzJ@G csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rHk J (18˜886)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mckid f OD;xGe;f xGe;f [def
E_e;f ( 56²99)jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? a'guw f m0if;Edik f
tz OD;=um[de;f / trd a': jrcifw@dk rS 1949 ckEpS /f {+yDv (30)&ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJh OD;Om%f0if;
onf? jyifO;D vGiòf rdŒe,f/ ZD;yif}uD;aus;&GmZmwd jzpfonf? OD;xGe;f xGe;f [deo f nf 1954 ckEpS w f iG f OD;[Homjrifh
ausmufròJ rdŒ trsK;d om;txufausmif;wGif ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; 1966 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;xGuf OD;ode;f !$eŒf
vufrw S &f pmar;yJEG iS hf 1968 ckEpS w f iG f ausmufròJ rdŒtpk;d &txufwef;ausmif;rS wuUov dk 0f if a'guw f mar0if;jrifh
wef;atmifjrifc+hJ yD;/ 1972 ckEpS w f iG f rE aW v;0dZm… ESihf odyw H` uUov kd rf S odyb
H` @GJ (owWaA')&&Scd hJ odŒk ygojzifh trsKd ;om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf. A[dt
k vkyt
f rSKaqmiftzGŒJ 0ifrsm;tjzpf
onf? 1973 ckEpS w f iG f a':pdepf ed o f rd ;f ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? 1973-74 ckEpS w f iG f e,fpyfa'o atmufygy*k Kd~ vfwŒkd uwm0ef,ol mG ;-urnf jzpfygonf?
uGrf;vkHòrdŒY rdbq&mcef@ txufwef;jyq&m/ 1975 ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&SŒaepmar;yJG
atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l ta&;awmfy}Hk uD;wGif aemifcsKòd rdŒe,f OD;atmifa&$ OuUÏ
taxGaxGoydwu f yG u
f rJ a_ umfrwD OuUÏ / 1988ckEpS /f pufwifbmvwGif zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif; OD;wifO;D 'kw,
d OuUÏ
cHc&hJ onf? aemifcsKòd rdŒe,f trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf wm0efct H jzpfaqmif&u G cf ohJ nf? a':atmifqef;pk-unf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;
,cktcg &efuek w f ikd ;f urm&Gwòf rdŒe,fwiG af exdik v f suf trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf OD;vGif twGi;f a&;rSL;
A[d¶k ;kH ESihf &Sr;f jynfe,fpnf; twGi;f a&;rSL;wm0efuv kd nf;yl;wGx J rf;aqmifv#u&f ydS gonf? A[dk OD;0if;wif tzGŒJ 0if
tvkyt f r_aqmiftaxmuftulðytzG@J wiG yf g0ifaqmif&u G cf +Jh yD; 2010 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&v D (14)&uf OD;cifarmifaqG tzGJŒ0if
ae@wiG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf? OD;oef;xGe;f tzGŒJ 0if

14 3
 trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf

OD;pd;k jrifh tzGŒJ 0if

OD;vSaz tzGŒJ 0if
OD;vGe;f wif tzGŒJ 0if
OD;ode;f !GeŒf (armifoed ;f !GeŒf =aumhu&dw)f
OD;!$eŒf a0 tzGŒJ 0if &efuek w f idk ;f / oCFe;f u|e;f òrŒd e,f
a'guw f moef;_idr;f tzGŒJ 0if rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
OD;tke;f óudif tzGŒJ 0if trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf?
OD;0if;jrifh tzGŒJ 0if
OD;xGe;f xGe;f [def tzGŒJ 0if
a'guw f m0if;Edik f tzGŒJ 0if
OD;Om%f0if; tzGŒJ 0if
OD;[Homjrifh tzGŒJ 0if OD;ode;f !Ge@f onf oCFe;f u|e;f òrdŒe,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)wGif trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pD
OD;ode;f !$e@f tzGŒJ 0if tzJ@G csKyftm; uk, d pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rHk J ( 34˜232) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f
a'guw f mar0if;jrifh tzGŒJ 0if (71²83)jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf?
1944 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae@zmG ;jzpfonf? OD;^m%f&if. om;jzpfonf? OD;ode;f
!Ge@f (aumhu&dw)f onf bDattm&ft,fv/f tdwcf s*f syD /D 'Da*sb@GJ & w&m;±k;H csKyfa&SŒaejzpfonf?
11=1=10 aeŒwGif usi;f yaom A[dt
k vkyt
f r+aqmiftzGŒJ . 1959 ckEpS rf S 1961 ckEpS t f xd u&ifjynfe,fEiS hf weoFm&Dwidk ;f ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif/ aumhu
tpnf;ta0;qk;H jzwfcsutf & &dwf ausmif;om;or*~jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD twGi;f a&;r–;/ ausmif;om;nDnw G af &;wyfO;D
acgi;f aqmif/ o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;csKyf OuUÏ/ ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_ukd OD;aqmifco hJ jzifh
1963 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (2) &ufae@rS 1967 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mv (14) &ufae@txd armfvòrid f
axmifwiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif; cHc&hJ onf? 1969 ckEpS rf S 1971 ckEpS t f xd tif;pdeyf vu
A[dt k vkytf r+aqmiftzGŒJ pma&;0efxrf;/ 1972 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd vrf;pOfvil ,fEiS hf ygwXD mecsKyfw@dk wiG f Xmer–;/ 1978
trsK;d om;'Drukd a&pDtzGŒJ csKyf ckESpf/ =o*kwfv (22) &ufae@wGif vli,fESifh ywfoufaom owif;aqmif;yg;ESpfyk'fudpP/
Ekid if aH &;orm;ESpOf ;D wk@d EiS hf ywfoufaomudpw P @dk a=umifh wm0efEiS t hf zJ@G 0iftjzpfrS &yfpx J w k yf ,f
&efuek òf rdŒ? jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1968 ckEpS rf S 1978 ckEpS t f xd armifoed ;f !Ge@f (aumhu&dw)f trnfjzifh aqmif;yg;
rsm;a&;om;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u dk a&pD ta&;awmfy}Hk u;D wGif wufºupG mG
yg0ifco hJ nf? 1998 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (6) &ufae@wiG f ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rS &JreG w f yfòrdŒ&Sd
xde;f odr;f a&;pcef; ({nfah *[m)wGif ac:,lzrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&hJ +yD;/ 2001 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f
(6) &ufae@wiG f jyefvw G o f nf?
2004 ckEpS /f ZGev f (7)&ufae@wiG f ESpaf ygi;f (30) =umaexdik v f mcJoh nfh oCFe;f u|e;f
òrdŒe,f/ av;axmifu h efvrf;&Sd {u0ufe;D yg;us,f +cHtrSwf (72)&Sd aetdrt f m; &efuek t f a&SŒykid ;f
c±kid f w&m;±k;H rS 1978 ckEpS u f csKyfqx
dk m;onfh pmcsKyfpmwrf;udyk ,fzsu+f yD; aetdru f dk tarGqidk f
tdrt f jzpf ajymif;vJowfrw S I
f avvHwifa&mif;cs&efjyifqifI zdtm;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf? 2005

4 13
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf

v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufa=umif; ygwDpkH 'Drkdua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG

usi;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S 1991 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (27) &ufae@wiG f a=unmonf? aemifwiG f ðyvkyrf nfh
a&G;aumufyrGJ sm;Y yg0if,OS òf ydicf iG u hf v kd nf; ydwyf ifco hJ nf? 1990 jynfEh pS /f pufwif bmv a'gufwm 0if;Edik f
(6)&ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cHc&hJ +y;D a&=unftidk pf pfaxmufvrS ;f a&; ppfa=uma&; pcef;rSwqifh &efuek w f idk ;f / oHvsiòf rŒd e,f
atmufwb dk mvwGif tif;pdeAf [kt d usO;f axmifo@dk ajymif;a&$Œxde;f odr;f jcif; cHc&hJ onf? xk@d aemuf
rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)
jypf'%f (17)ESpf csrw S cf cH &hJ +y;D tif;pdeAf [kt d usO;f axmifEiS hf awmifial xmifw@dk wiG f (14)ESpaf usmf
=umaecJh&+yD;/ 2005 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv (3)&ufae@wGif awmifiltusOf; axmifrSjyefvnf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf
vGwaf jrmufco hJ nf?
yxrtr_rSm trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf/ A[kdOD;pD;tzJG@0ifESifh rE Wav;wkdif;pnf;
aumfrwD0ifrsm;jzpf=uonfh rk&H mG OD;wifa&$/ OD;ode;f wefw@kd EiS hf tr_wjGJ zpf+y;D / 1990 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f
(8) &ufae@wiG f rE aW v;òrŒd Y txufArmjynf ausmif;om;or*~EiS hf oHCmhor*~ tzJ@G w@dk y;l aygi;f I a'gufwm0if;Ekdifonf oHvsifòrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf(1)wGif trsKd;om;'Drkdua&pD
&Spaf v;vk;H (2)ESpaf jrmufae@ txdr;f trSwt f jzpf oHCmawmfrsm;tm; qGr;f avmif;v–yu GJ si;f y tzJ@G csKyt
f m; ud,
k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v
f rHk J (18˜845) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (66² 46)
ðyvkycf &hJ m ppfwyfryS pfcwfco hJ jzifh oHCmawmftcsKŒd ESihf ausmif;om;vli,f tcsKŒd '%f&m&&Scd +hJ yD; jzifh a&G;cs,wf ifajr‡mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf?
zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ onfudk xkpd Ofu rE aW v;wkid ;f r–;jzpfox l H pma&;om;ay;yk@d I pkpH rf;ta&;
,lrð_ yvky+f y;D zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;olrsm;tm; tjrefq;Hk jyefvw $ af y;&ef awmif;qkcd o hJ nfjh yif tqkyd g A[ef; (&efuek )f Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;jraomif;/ trd a':!Ge@f &iS w f @dk rS 1954 ckEpS /f
pmtm;rdwLW ul;I trsm;jynfox l jH zef@cscd rhJ j_ zifh axmif'%f (7) ESpcf srw
S jf cif; cHc&hJ onf? 'kw, d tr_ rwfv (10)&ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? a'guw f m0if;Ekid o
f nf omauwòrŒd e,f tpk;d & txufwef;
rSm *ENaD =unmcsuf xkwjf yefcrhJ j_ zpfonf? OD;=unfarmiftygt0if rk&H mG OD;wifa&$/ OD;ode;f wef/ OD;csr;f ausmif;trSwf (2)rS q,fwef;atmifjrifcI hJ aq;wuUov kd f (1) &efuek rf S 1979 ckEpS w f iG f
at;/ Adou k mOD;ausmrf if;/ armif0o H / OD;wifxÉG pf onfh A[kOd ;D pD;tzJ@G 0ifrsm;ESihf tzJ@G csKyf A[kv d il ,f q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd o hJ nf? 1981 ckEpS rf S 1989 ckEpS t
f xd/ jyify q&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988 ckEpS )f
rsm;jzpf=uonfh ukjd rifph ;dk / ud0k if;v_id /f udrk ;dk aZmfO;D wk@d rmS ‚if;.tr_wrGJ sm;jzpf=uonf? tqkyd gtr_jzifh jynfol@'Drkdua&pD ta&;awmfykH}uD;wGifyg0ifcJhonf? oefvsifòrdŒe,f trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pD
axmif'%f (10)ESpf csrw S cf cH &hJ jcif;jzpfonf? 2005 ckEpS /f ESpq f ef;wGif axmif'%fcsrw S jf cif; tzJ@G csKyfwiG f OD;aqmifwm0ef,cl o hJ nf?
cHxm;&mrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmcJo h nf?
trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJcsKyfA[dkwGif em*pfavab;u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;tzGJ@ESifh &efuek wf ikd ;f / twGi;f a&;rSL;wm0efEiS hf A[dt
k vkyt
f r_aqmif taxmuftulðytzG@J
A[dkjyef=um;a&;wm0efrsm;udkwm0ef,lvkyfaqmifv#uf&Sd+yD;/ rE Wav;wdkif;pnf;tzGJ@0ifvnf; wGifwm0ef,lcJhygonf? ,cktcg 2010 ckESpf/ ZEM0g&Dv(14) &ufae@wGif A[dktvkyftr_
jzpfonf? A[dktvkyftr_aqmiftaxmuftulðytzGJ@wGifyg0ifaqmif&GufcJ+yD; 2010 ckESpf/ aqmifwm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf?
ZEM0g&v D (14) &ufae@wiG f A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf?
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trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf

a'guw f m ar0if;jrifh
OD;tke;f óuid f (c) atmif0ifh
&efuek w
f idk ;f / r&rf;uke;f òrŒd e,f
rEWav;ta&SŒawmifòrŒd e,f
rJqENe,f trSwf (2)/
rJqENe,ftrSw(f 2)
trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf
trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf
a'gufwmar0if;jrifhonf r&rf;ukef;òrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)wGif trsKd;om;
'Dru
dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyt f m; ud,
k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rHk J (20˜513) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f
(74²18)jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;tkef;óudif(atmif0ifh)onf rE Wav;ta&SŒawmifòrdŒe,frJqENe,ftrSwf (2)wGif
armfvòrdiòf rdŒZmwd jzpfonf? 1950 jynfEh pS /f rwfv (8) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;onf? trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid v f rHk J (32˜718) rJ/ pkpk
OD;aomif;!Ge@f .orD; jzpfonf? a'guw f mar0if;jrifo h nf 1967 ckEpS w f iG f aq;wuUov kd f (1)rS aygi;f rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (76²08)jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf?
q&m0efbJG@&&SdcJhonf? 1978 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftxd ajrmufOuUvmyESifh ausmufwHwm; armfvòrdiu f |e;f Zmwdjzpfonf? tz OD;b&Si/f trd a':pdew f @dk rS 1944 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f
or0g,r tcsed yf idk ;f q&m0ef/ 1981 ckEpS rf S 1983 ckEpS t f xd vufaxmufq&m0ef (&efuek jf ynf (2) &ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? OD;tke;f óuid f (atmif0ih)f onf 1967ckEpS w f iG f 0dZm… bJ@G / 1972 ckEpS w f iG f
ol@aq;±k}H uD;)/ 1983 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd q&m0ef (orkid ;f roefrpGr;f txl;ukaq;±k)H / 1988 owif;pmynm'Dyvkdrm/ 1978-79 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpkokd@ ynmoif qkjzifh
ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mv (31) &ufae@wiG f 0efxrf;tjzpfrS E_wx f uG of nf? r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f oGm;a&mufI owif;pmynm'Dyvkrd m&&Scd o hJ nf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd a=u;rkH owif;pm/
trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyfwiG f twGi;f a&; r–;wm0ef,cl o hJ nf? 1997 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mv [Hom0wDowif;pm (rE aW v;)/ Akv d w f axmif owif;pmwk@d wiG f vufaxmuf t,f'w D mESihf
(28) &ufae@wiG f r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,f tzJ@G csKyf±;Hk wGif tzJ@G csKyfvil ,frsm;wm0efay;tyfjcif; tpnf; t,f'w D m/ 1962-63 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? 1974 ckEpS f vrf;pOfowif;/
ta0;ðyvky&f efppD Ofc&hJ m tpk;d &qef@usiaf &;qlyv l y_ &f mS ;r_ ðyvky&f ef pDpOfco hJ nf[q k u dk m 1997 Akv
d w f axmifowif;pmESihf ±ky&f iS af tmifvw H @dk wiG f armifcspzf ,
G /f atmif0if/h atmifwifu h avmif
ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f &efuek f taemufyidk ;f c±kid w f &m;±k;H Y 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay: trnfw@dk jzifh Ekid if wH uma&;&maqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;cJo h nf? 1350 jynfEh pS f (1988 ckEpS )f / jynfo@l
pDrcH suf tufOya' yk'rf 5 (n)jzifh tr_ziG w hf &m;pJq
G cdk +hJ y;D / 1997 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wiG f 'Drudk a&pD ta&;awmfy}Hk uD;wGif yg0ifco hJ nf? owif;pmt,f'w D mtjzpf vkyu f ikd af e&if; 1350
tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (7)ESpf csrw S cf o
hJ nf? jynfEh pS /f jynfo@l 'rD u
dk a&pDta&;awmfy}Hk u;D wGif yg0ifcrhJ a_ =umifh Akv d w f axmifowif;pm t,f'w D m
2004 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v
f (23)&uf ae@wiG f yk'rf 10(u) jzifh aemufxyf&ufaygi;f (60) tjzpfrS 1988 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmvwGif Akv d w f axmifowif;pm t,f'w D mtjzpfrS t+idr;f pm;ay;
csrw S cf o hJ nf? 2005 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (2)&ufae@wiG f yk'rf 10(u)jzifh xyfw;dk jypf'%f (1)ESpf jcif;cHc&hJ onf?
csrw S cf cH &hJ onf? 2006 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (3)&ufae@wiG f wzefaemufxyf jypf'%f (1) ESpf trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tzJ@G 0ifEiS hf rE aW v;wkid ;f pnf;±k;H a&; aumfrwD
csrw S jf cif; cH&onf? rw&m;ojzifEh pS &f n S f axmif'%fusccH &hJ onf? tzJ@G 0iftjzpf aqmif&u G cf o
hJ nf? tzJ@G csKyfrS xkwaf 0onfrh w S w f rf;v$mtzJ@G wiG f wm0efcH t,f'D
vuf&dS A[dt k rsKd ;orD;tzGaJ cgi;f aqmifwm0efux kd rf;aqmifv#u&f o dS nf? A[dt k vkyf wmwOD;jzpfonf? e0w. trde@f trSwf (1§90) tm;qef@usirf j_ zifh oufqidk &f mrS zrf;qD;
tr_aqmiftaxmuftulðytzG@J wiG yf g0ifaqmif&u G cf +J yD; 2010 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&v D (14)&ufae@wiG f xde;f odr;f jcif; cHc&hJ onf? OD;tke;f óudio f nf 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH _ tufOya' yk'rf (5)
A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf? (u) (c) (n) t& jypf'%fp&D ifjcif;cH&I a&G;aumufyOGJ ya' yk'rf (10) (n)ESi+hf idpeG ;f ojzifh
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trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf

OD;^m%f0if;/ a'gufwm oef;_ird ;f

rGejf ynfe,f/ aygifòrŒd e,f &efuek w
f idk ;f / ausmufwef;òrŒd e,f
rJqENe,f trSwf (1)/ rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)/
trsK;d om;'Drukd a&pDtzJŒG csKyf? trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf

a'guw f moef;+idr;f onf ausmufwef;òrdŒe,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1) wGif trsK;d om;

'Drudk a&pDtzJ@G csKyt f m; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v f rHk J (17˜018) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ &mckid Ef e_ ;f
(64 ² 95)jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif;cHc&hJ onf?
OD;^m%f0if;onf aygiòf rdŒe,frq J ENe,f trSwf (1)wGif trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pD tzJ@G csKyf ausmufwef;òrdŒe,f/ caemif&mG Zmwdjzpfonf? 1937 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f (5)&ufae@zmG ;
tm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf ydicf &hJ m ckid vf rHk J (20˜032) rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f ( 55²2) jzifh jzpfonf? OD;armifped . f om; jzpfonf? a'guw f moef;+ird ;f onf òrŒd rtxufwef;ausmif; (&efuek )f rS
a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? wuUov dk 0f ifwef;atmifjrifI &efuek af q;wuUov kd rf S 1963 ckEpS w f iG f q&m0efb@GJ &&Scd ohJ nf?
tz OD;csed af z/ trd a':&Dw@dk rS 1942 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (20)&ufae@wiG f arG;zGm;cJo h nf? 1964 ckEpS rf S 1988 ckEpS t f xd usr;f rma&;OD;pD;Xme vufaxmufq&m0ef/ òrŒd e,f q&m0ef/ 1982
usKd uQrZD mwdjzpfonf? OD;^m%f0if;onf 1948-49 ckEpS rf S 1959-60 ckEpS t f xd usKu d rQ t
D pk;d & ckEpS rf S 1984 ckEpS t f xd oD&v d uFmEkid if w H iG f ukvor*~apwemh0efxrf;q&m0ef/ 1350 jynfh (1988
txufwef;ausmif;/ armfvòrdif &Sirf [mAk'a< Cmo txufwef;ausmif;wk@d wiG f wuUov dk f ckEpS )f jynfo@l 'rD u dk a&pDta&;awmfy}Hk u;D wGiyf gI tvkyrf S t+ird ;f pm;ay; jcif;cHc&hJ onf? xk@d aemuf
0ifwef; atmifjrifonftxd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1960 jynfEh pS rf S 1968ckEpS t f xd armfvòrdif ud,k yf ikd af q;ukcef; zGiv hf pS vf yk uf ikd cf o
hJ nf? 1997 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D (21)&ufae@wiG f omauw
Oypmaumvdy/f rE aW v;wuUov dk Ef iS hf &efuek f 0dZm… ESihf odyH` wuUov dk wf @dk rS 0dZm… (Oya'bJ@G )ESihf &Jpcef;rS zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cJ+h y;D / 1972 ckEpS /f jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if H jynfo@l use;f rma&;qkid &f mOya'
Oya'bJ@G rsm;&&Scd ohJ nf? 1977 ckEpS w f iG f a':vSv0S if;ESihf vufxyfco hJ nf? yk'rf 9 (1) (*)t& tr_ziG hf ta&;,ljcif;cHc&hJ onf? 1997ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mv (28) &ufae@wiG f
1970 jynfEh pS rf S 1973 ckEpS t
f xd txufwef;a&SŒae/ w&m;±k;H csKyaf &SŒae/ 1973 ckEpS w f iG f r&rf;uke;f òrdŒe,ftzJ@G csKyf ±k;H wGif tzJ@G csKyfvil ,frsm; wm0efay;tyfjcif;tpnf;ta0;ðyvky&f ef
Oya'0efxrf;tqifh (4)/ 14-11-1988 ckEpS /f Ed0k ifbmv (14)&ufae@wiG f Oya' 0efxrf;tqifh pDpOfc&hJ m tpk;d &qef@usiaf &;qlyv l y_ &f mS ;r_ðyvky&f ef pDpOfco hJ nf [kqu dk m 1997 ckEpS /f azazmf0g&v D
(1)rS t+id r f ; pm;,l c J h + yD ; / w&m;±k H ; csKyf a &S Œ aetjzpf a qmif & G u f c J h o nf ? A[d k t vk y f (17) &ufae@wiG f zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f jcif;cHc&hJ +yD;/ 1997 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmv (26) &ufae@wiG f &efuek f
tr_aqmiftaxmuftulðytzG@J wiG yf g0ifaqmif&u G cf +hJ y;D / 2010 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&v D (14)&ufae@wiG f taemufyikd ;f c±kid f w&m;±k;H Y 1950 jynfEh pS /f ta&;ay:pDrrH _ tufOya' yk'rf 5 (n)jzifh tr_ziG hf
A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf? w&m;pJq G cdk I hJ / 1997 ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv (9) &ufae@wiG f tvkyEf iS ahf xmif'%f (7)ESpf usccH &hJ onf?
2004 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f (23) &ufae@wiG f vGw&f ufaphaeaomfvnf; yk'rf 10 (u) jzifh
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ aemufxyfjypf'%f &ufaygi;f (60)pD ok;H }udrcf srw S cf +hJ yD;aemuf 2004 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (21)
&ufae@wiG f tif;pdeAf [dt k usO;f axmifrS om,m0wDtusO;f axmif/ xkrd S aygi;f wnfaxmif/ xkrd S
jynftusO;f axmifw@dk o@dk tqifq h ifah jymif;a&$ŒcJo h nf? 2005 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (5) &ufae@

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trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) A[dkowif;ESifhjyef=um;a&;ÏmerS jzef@csdonf

wGif wzef xyfw;dk jypf'%f (1)ESpf csrwS jf cif;cHc&hJ onf? 2006 ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D (18) &ufae@wiG f vwGiyf if pmwku d Ef iS ahf =u;eef;XmewGif vufaxmuftif*sief , D m oifwef;q&mtjzpf 0efxrf;
yk'rf 10(u)jzifh aemufxyfaxmif'%f (1)ESpf wk;d jr‡ichf srw S jf cif; cHc&hJ onf? b0 pwifco hJ nf? rGejf ynfe,f/ u&ifjynfe,f/ weoFm&Dwidk ;f wd@k wiG f e,fyikd af =u;eef;0efaxmuf
rw&m;ojzifEh pS &f n
S af xmif'%fusccH &J +y;D 2008 ckEpS /f pufwifbmv (23)&ufae@wiG f tjzpf vnf;aumif;/ pDru H ed ;f tif*sief , D mtjzpfvnf;aumif;/ jynfe,frefae*smtjzpfvnf;
jyefvnfvw G af jrmufcyhJ gonf? trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf &efuek w f ikd ;f 'k-OuUÏ wm0efukd aumif; armfvòrdi/f ykord /f awmif}uD;/ &efuek òf rdŒrsm;wGif tajcpku d I
f jrefrmjynftESŒH tjym;
xrf;aqmifv#u&f +dS yD; 2010 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&v D (14) &ufaewGif A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmifwm0efukd vSnv hf nfwm0efxrf;aqmifc+hJ y;D / 1986 ckEpS rf pS I 'kw, d }u;D =uyfrt _ if*sief ,D m (rdu k ±U adk 0hz)f tjzpf
ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf? wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? EkdifiHhwm0efxrf;aqmifaepOfumvtwGif; qDG'ifEdkifiH/ ukd&D;,m;
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
orRwEkid if /H *syefEidk if /H puFmylorRwEdik if w H @dk wiG f u|r;f usirf o _ ifwef;rsm;ESihf vkyif ef;cGif oifwef;rsm;
wufa&mufco hJ nf?
1986 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f twGi;f xkid ;f Edik if /H befaumufòrdŒwGif usi;f yaom tm&SEiS hf
OD;[Homjrifh ypdzw d af 'o a=u;eef;qufo, G af &;tzJ@G . pufrq _ idk &f mtpnf;ta0;ok@d jrefrmEdik if u H , kd pf m;
ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / bkwvifòrŒd e,f vS,t f zJ@G . tzJ@G acgi;f aqmiftjzpf wufa&mufco hJ nf? 1988 ckEpS /f =o*kwv f ESihf pufwifbmv
rJqENe,ftrSw(f 1) jynfo@l 'rD u dk a&pDvy_ &f mS ;r_}uD;wGif b0wl0efxrf;rsm;ESit hf wl yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;cJo h nf? 1988 ckEpS /f
atmufwkdbmvwGif wm0efrSt+idrf;pm;ay;jcif;cHcJh&onf? 1989 ckESpf/ azmazmf0g&DvwGif
trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJŒG csKyf
trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf/ yJc;l wdik ;f pnf;±k;H a&;tzJ@G / wkid ;f pnf;±k;H a&;rSL; (t&ef)tjzpf wm0efay;
tyfjcif;cHc&hJ onf? yJc;l wkid ;f (28)òrŒd e,ftES@H pnf;±k;H a&;vkyif ef;rsm; aqmif&u G cf ohJ nf? 1989 ckEpS /f
{+yDvwGif trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G csKyf A[ku d ek o
f , G pf ;D yGm;tzJ@G wiG f tzJ@G 0iftjzpf yg0ifchJ onf?
1996 ckEpS /f ZGev f (7)&ufae@wiG f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u G af =umif; ygwpD Hk
OD;[Homjrifo h nf bkwvifòrdŒe,frq J ENe,ftrSwf (1)wGif trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzJ@G 'Dru
dk a&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyu GJ si;f ya&;aumfr&Sirf S a=unmcJo h nf?
csKyftm; ud, k pf m;ðyI 0ifa&muf,OS òf yid cf &hJ m ckid v
f rHk J (16˜645)rJ/ pkpak ygi;f rJ&mckid Ef e_ ;f (80²85)jzifh ,cktcg &efuek òf rdŒ &efuif;òrdŒe,fwiG af exdik v f #u&f +dS yD;trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf
a&G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufjcif; cHc&hJ onf? A[djk yef=um;a&;wGit f csed jf ynfw h m0efxrf;aqmifaeygonf? A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif taxmuf
tz OD;odef;azjrifh (pma&;q&m/ uG,fvGef)/ trd a':cif=unf=unf (t+idrf;pm;/ tulðytzG@J wiG yf g0ifaqmif&u G cf +hJ y;D 2010 ckEpS /f ZEM0g&v D (14) &ufaewGif A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif
&efuek wf uUov dk /f ±lyaA'Xme)wk@d rS 1948 ckEpS /f arv (7)&ufae@wiG f &efuek òf rŒd Y arG;zGm;cJo h nf? wm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cHc&hJ ygonf?
zcif OD;ode;f azjrifrh mS bkwvifòrdŒ Zmwdjzpf+yD;/ 1956 ckEpS rf S 1960 jynfEh pS t f wGi;f bkwvifòrdŒ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
e,f rJqENe,frS jynfo@l n! D w
G af &;trsK;d om;wyfaygi;f pk ( y-r-n-w)uk, d pf m;ðy jynfo@l
v$wfawmftrwfjzpfcJhonf? OD;[Homjrihfonf 1953 ckESpfrS 1958 ckESpftxd &efukefòrdŒ/
omoemh&dyfom&yfuGuf/ r[m"rRm±kH ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd jrLeDpDyg,frlvwef;ausmif;wGif
ynmoif=um;cJ+h yD; xkad usmif;rS (4)wef; atmifjrifco hJ nf? 1958 ckEpS /f ZGev f rS 1964 ckEpS /f
azazmf0g&v D txd &efuek w f uUov dk yf nma&;r[mXme/ avhusiahf &; ausmif;wGif yOPrwef;rS
wuUov dk 0f ifwef;txd ynmoif=um;cJo h nf? 1964 ckEpS /f Ek0d ifbmvrSpI &efuek w f uUovdk f
wGif v#ypf pfqufo, G af &;tif*sief ,
D mbmom&yfuo dk if=um;cJ+h y;D / 1970 jynfEh pS /f =o*kwv f wGif
aemufq;Hk ESppf mar;yJaG tmifjrifI pufrt _ if*sief ,D m (v#ypf pfqufo, G af &;)bJ@G &cJo
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