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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTFOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS)SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT,)et al.,))Civil Action No. 07-cv-11446-NGPlaintiffs,))v.))JOEL TENENBAUM,))Defendant.) ____________________________________)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA’S MEMORANDUM IN RESPONSE TODEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL OR REMITTITUR AND IN DEFENSE OFTHE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE STATUTORY DAMAGES PROVISION OFTHE COPYRIGHT ACT, 17 U.S.C. § 504(c)
Case 1:07-cv-11446-NG Document 31 Filed 01/19/2010 Page 1 of 30
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Page
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... 1BACKGROUND. ........................................................................................................................... 2I. STATUTORY BACKGROUND............................................................................ 2II. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND......................................................................... 4ARGUMENT.................................................................................................................................. 6I. THIS COURT SHOULD FIRST DETERMINE WHETHER THECONSTITUTIONAL QUESTION RAISED BY DEFENDANT CANBE AVOIDED. ....................................................................................................... 6II. THE COPYRIGHT ACT’S STATUTORY DAMAGES PROVISIONSATISFIES DUE PROCESS.................................................................................. 7A. Courts Examine Statutory Damages Awards Under The StandardArticulated By The Supreme Court in
Williams
......................................... 8B. The Copyright Act’s Statutory Damages Provision Satisfies The
Williams
Standard..................................................................................... 12CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................. 24i
Case 1:07-cv-11446-NG Document 31 Filed 01/19/2010 Page 2 of 30
 
TABLE OF AUTHORITIESCases Page(s)
 Accounting Outsourcing, LLC v. Verizon Wireless Pers. Commc'n, L.P.
,329 F. Supp. 2d 789 (M.D. La. 2004).......................................................................... 9, 11
 Atlantic Recording Corp. v. Anderson
,2008 WL. 2316551 (S.D. Tex. March 12, 2008)............................................................. 10
 BMW of North Am., Inc. v. Gore
,517 U.S. 559 (1996)........................................................................................... 8, 9, 10, 11
 Bisbal-Ramos v. City of Mayaguez 
,467 F.3d 16 (1st Cir. 2006)................................................................................................ 6
 Browning-Ferris Indus. of Vermont, Inc. v. Kelco Disposal, Inc.
,492 U.S. 257 (1989)......................................................................................................... 12
 Buchanan v. Maine
,469 F.3d 158 (1st Cir. 2006).............................................................................................. 6
 Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
,111 U.S. 53 (1884)........................................................................................................... 14
Capitol Records, Inc. v. Alaujan
,626 F. Supp. 2d 152 (D. Mass. 2009).......................................................................... 5, 18
Centerline Equip. Corp. v. Banner Pers. Serv., Inc.
,545 F. Supp. 2d 768 (N.D. Ill. 2008)......................................................................... 11, 18
 In re Charter Communications, Inc.
,393 F.3d 771 (8th Cir. 2005). .......................................................................................... 17
City of Burbank v. Lockheed Air Terminal Inc.
,411 U.S. 624 (1973)......................................................................................................... 22
Correa v. Hosp. San Francisco
,69 F.3d 1184 (1st Cir. 1995).............................................................................................. 7
 DirecTV, Inc. v. Cantu
,2004 WL. 2623932 (W.D. Tex. Sept. 29, 2004)................................................................ 9ii
Case 1:07-cv-11446-NG Document 31 Filed 01/19/2010 Page 3 of 30
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