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The XML FAQ
Frequently-Asked Questions about theExtensible Markup Language
v4.0 (2005-01-01)
Peter Flynn (ed.)
 
Contents
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiiCurrent revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vLegal stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vAcknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viA General questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A.1 What is XML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A.2 What is XML for? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A.3 What is SGML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A.4 What is HTML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2A.5 Aren’t XML, SGML, and HTML all the same thing? . . . . . . . . . . 2A.6 Who is responsible for XML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A.7 Why is XML such an important development? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A.8 Why not just carry on extending HTML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3A.9 WhydoweneedallthisSGMLstuff? WhynotjustuseWordorNotes? 4A.10 Where do I find more information about XML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4A.11 Where can I discuss implementation and development of XML? . . . 5A.12 What is the difference between XML and C or C++? . . . . . . . . . . 6B Existing users of SGML (including HTML: everyone who browses the Web) 7B.1 What do I have to do to use XML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7B.2 Should I use XML instead of HTML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7B.3 Where can I get an XML browser? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8B.4 Do I have to switch from SGML or HTML to XML? . . . . . . . . . . 10B.5 Can I use XML for ordinary office applications? . . . . . . . . . . . . 10C Authors of SGML (including writers of HTML: Web page owners) . . . . . . 12C.1 Does XML replace HTML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12C.2 Do I have to know HTML or SGML before I learn XML? . . . . . . . 12C.3 What does an XML document look like inside? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12C.4 How does XML handle white-space in my documents? . . . . . . . . 13C.5 Which parts of an XML document are case-sensitive? . . . . . . . . . 14C.6 How can I make my existing HTML files work in XML? . . . . . . . 15C.7 Is there an XML version of HTML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17C.8 If XML is just a subset of SGML, can I use XML files directly withexisting SGML tools? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18C.9 I’m used to authoring and serving HTML. Can I learn XML easily? . 18C.10 Can XML use non-Latin characters? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18C.11 What’s a Document Type Definition (DTD) and where do I get one? 19C.12 Does XML let me make up my own tags? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20C.13 How do I create my own DTD? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21C.14 Can a root element type be explicitly declared in the DTD? . . . . . . 22i
 
C.15 I keep hearing about alternatives to DTDs. What’s a Schema? . . . . 22C.16 How do I get XML into or out of a database? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23C.17 How will XML affect my document links? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24C.18 Can I do mathematics using XML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25C.19 How does XML handle metadata? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25C.20 Can I use JavaScript, ActiveX, etc in XML files? . . . . . . . . . . . . 25C.21 Can I use Java to create or manage XML files? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26C.22 How do I execute or run an XML file? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26C.23 How do I control formatting and appearance? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27C.24 How do I use graphics in XML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28C.25 What is parsing and how do I do it in XML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30C.26 How do I include one XML file in another? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32C.27 When should I use a CDATA Marked Section (aka ‘Can I embedHTML in XML’)? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32D Developers and Implementors (including WebMasters and server operators) 33D.1 Where’s the spec? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33D.2 What are these terms DTDless, valid, and well-formed? . . . . . . . . 33D.3 Which should I use in my DTD, attributes or elements? . . . . . . . . 36D.4 What else has changed between SGML and XML? . . . . . . . . . . . 37D.5 What’s a namespace? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37D.6 What XML software is available? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38D.7 What’s my information? DATA or TEXT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38D.8 Do I have to change any of my server software to work with XML? . 39D.9 Can I still use server-side inclusions? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40D.10 Can I (and my authors) still use client-side inclusions? . . . . . . . . 40D.11 I’m trying to understand the XML Spec: why does it have such dif-ficult terminology? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41D.12 IhavetodoanoverviewofXMLformymanager/client/investor/advisor.What should I mention? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41D.13 Is there a conformance test suite for XML processors? . . . . . . . . . 43D.14 I’ve already got SGML DTDs: how do I convert them for use withXML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43D.15 How do I include one DTD (or fragment) in another? . . . . . . . . . 44D.16 What’s the story on XML and EDI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45E References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46E.1 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46E.2 How far are we going? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47E.3 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47ii
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