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Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accident
A stroke is a medical emergency. Strokes happen when blood flow to your brain stops.Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. There are two kinds of stroke. The more commonkind, called ischemic stroke, is caused by a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel inthe brain. The other kind, called hemorrhagic stroke, is caused by a blood vessel that breaksand bleeds into the brain. "Mini-strokes" or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), occur when the blood supply to the brain is briefly interrupted.Symptoms of stroke are
 
Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of thebody)
 
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech
 
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
 
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
 
Sudden severe headache with no known causeIf you have any of these symptoms, you must get to a hospital quickly to begin treatment.Acute stroke therapies try to stop a stroke while it is happening by quickly dissolving theblood clot or by stopping the bleeding. Post-stroke rehabilitation helps individuals overcomedisabilities that result from stroke damage. Drug therapy with blood thinners is the mostcommon treatment for stroke.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Stroke Facts
 
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Around 137,000Americans die of stroke every year.
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A stroke, sometimes called a brain attack, occurs when a clot blocks the blood supplyto the brain or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts.
 
Someone in the United States has a stroke every 40 seconds. Every three to fourminutes, someone dies of stroke.
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Stroke is a leading cause of death for both men and women. In 2006, 6 out of every10 deaths due to stroke were in women.
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Every year, about 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke. About 610,000of these are first or new strokes. About 185,000 people who survive a strokeeventually have another.
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Stroke is an important cause of disability. In 2005, nearly 1.1 million stroke survivorsreported difficulty performing basic activities of daily life.
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In 2009, stroke will cost the United States $68.9 billion.
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This total includes the costof health care services, medications, and lost productivity.
 
Common stroke warning signs and symptoms include
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o
 
Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg
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especially on oneside of the body.
o
 
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.
o
 
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
o
 
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination.
o
 
Sudden severe headache with no known cause.
 
You can’t control some stroke risk factors, such as heredity, age, gender
, andethnicity. Some medical conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol,heart disease, diabetes, overweight or obesity, and previous stroke or transientischemic attack (TIA), can raise also your stroke risk. Not smoking, not drinkingexcessively, and getting exercise are all choices you can make to reduce your risk.
References1.
 
Heron MP, Hoyert DL, Murphy SL, Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: Final data for 2006.  [PDF-323K] National Vital Statistics Reports; 57(14). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for HealthStatistics. 2009.2.
 
Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics
 ––
2009 Update. AReport From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke StatisticsSubcommittee.*
Circulation
. 2009;119:e21
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e181.3.
 
CDC. Prevalence and most common causes of disability among adults
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United States, 2005. 
MMWR
 2009;58(16):421
 –
426.
 
 A stroke involves loss of brain functions caused by a loss of blood circulation to areas of thebrain. The blockage usually occurs when a clot or piece of atherosclerotic plaque breaksaway from another area of the body and lodges within the vasculature of the brain.
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