MOBILE NETWOK

Group
Nguyễn Hồng
Tiết
Hứa Quốc Trịch
 GSM
 (English: Global System for Mobile Communication.
Abbreviation: GSM) Is a technology used for Mobile
network. GSM service used by more than 2 billion
people in 212 countries and territories. The GSM
network may allow roaming together so that the
device's GSM mobile networks in different GSM can
be used many places in the world.
 GSM is the most common standard for mobile (Cell
phone) in the world. Wide coverage capabilities of
the GSM standard which makes it so popular in the
world, allowing users to use their mobile phones in
many parts of the world. GSM differs from the
standard of its predecessor on the signal and speed,
call quality. It was seen as a system of second-
generation mobile phones (second generation, 2G).
 Structure and Function of the components in the
GSM network
 Mobile Station(MS)
+ SIM
+ Mobile Equipment
 Base Station SubSytems(BSS)
+ BTS
+ BSC
+ PCU(GPRS)
 Network SubSystem (NSS)
+ MSC
+ HLR
+ VLR
+ EIR
+ SGSN(GPRS)
 Operation and Support System (OSS)
+NNC
+OMC
Architecture of the GSM
network
Architecture of the GSM
network
 1.Mobile Station
 Mobile station (MS), including mobile
phones and smart card authentication
subscriber (SIM). SIM provides personal
mobility so users can mount your SIM into
any GSM mobile phone access service
that has been registered
 MS=ME+SIM
+ME (Mobile Equipment)
+SIM (Subscriber Identity Module )
 Structure and meaning of IMEI
 IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
-IMEI numbers are 15 digits including by format:
NNXXXX-YY-ZZZZZZ-A.
+NN: The first digit of the IMEI is called Reporting
Body Identifier (BABT)
+XXXX: The next four digits are called Type Mobile
Equipment Identifier, used to identify categories
(model) cell phone
+YY: Two numbers are called FAC (Final Assembly
Code)
+ZZZZZZ: series of product.
+A: (Check Digit) use to check. This number is based
on 14 digits stated in a given algorithm. Can be based
on the IMEI number to the number is valid or not
+press *#06# to check IMEI
 1.Mobile Station (cont)
 - SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) .
Including recording information
about your phone number (including
subscription, PIN numbers, the
activation code and working
programs built connect to the Mobile
switching center to use and provides
services ...), you can store messages
or contacts on it.
 2.Base Station
SubSytems (BSS)
*BTS (Base Transceiver Station)
 BTS is a device between the GSM
network and subscriber device MS, BTS
implementation the following functions:
 transmit and receive radio waves

 Mapping logical channels to physical

channels
 Coding / Decoding

 Ciphering / Deciphering

 Modulating / Demodulating
BTS
 BSS (cont)
*BSC (Base Station Controller)
 BSC has the duty to manage all wireless
interfaces BTS and MS through the remote
control commands. These commands are
primarily assigned order, release and transfer
of radio channels.
 A BSC is connected to the BTS Abis interface,
also connected to the operator side MSC
interface A. In fact, the BSC is considered as a
small switchboard, capable of computation
significantly. Its main role is to manage the
wireless channel at the interface and transfer.
Typically a BSC is connected with axes
hundreds BTS.
 BSS (cont)
 TRAU (Transcoder and Rate Adapter Unit)
 Perform code conversion information from the
radio channel (16 Kb / s) standard The standard
GSM voice channels (64 Kb / s) before moving to
the operator.
 TRAU is a device where the process of encoding
and decoding language characteristics for GSM
conducted, there is also implementing adaptation
speed in case of transmission materials.
 TRAU is part of the BTS, but also can be placed
away from BTS and even only place in the BSC
and MSC
3.Network Switching SubSystem
(NSS)
* MSC (Mobile switching center)
* MSC (Mobile switching center)
- MSC to perform the tasks set up coordination calls to
users of GSM network with each other and with other
networks. MSC made to communicate with the BSS
system and communicate with outside networks. MSC
made to communicate with networks outside the gate
called MSC (GMSC).
- MSC to connect to a network needs to adapt the
transmission characteristics of the GSM networks is
called the interactive features IWF (Interworking
Funtions). IWF includes a device to adapt protocols
and transmission. It allows connecting to the ISDN
network, PSPDN, PSTN ...
 NSS (cont)
 GMSC gateway mobile switchboard:
 All calls to the GSM / PLMN to be routed to the operator
wireless gateway GMSC. If someone in the fixed
network PSTN to make a call to a subscriber's mobile
GSM / PLMN. Switchboard in PSTN will connect the call
to MSC is equipped with a function called port function.
Switchboard MSC is called the gateway MSC and the
MSC can be any of a GSM network. GMSC will have to
find the location of MS looking for. This is done by
asking where MS HLR registration. HLR will respond,
then the MSC may be routing calls to the MSC Left
necessary. When the call to MSC, the VLR will know
more details about the location of MS. Such information
can connect a call in the GSM network is the difference
between device physics and subscribe.
 NSS (cont)
*EIR (Equipment identity register)
 EIR is connected to the MSC via a signal line, EIR has the
function to check the validity of the mobile device (ME)
through data to identify international mobile (IMEI) and
contains data on hardware device.
 ME in one of the three lists below:
- White : News it was access to and use of services
registered.
- gray: that is a question and need to check.
- Black : that is prohibited or fails does not allow
access to the network.
 NSS (cont)

 AuC (Authentication Centre)

 AUC is connected to the HLR, the AUC function is
to provide the HLR frequencies eclipse and
encryption key to use for security. Street wireless
AUC also provides security code to protect against
eavesdropping, this code is changed for each
individual subscriber. Database of AUC recorded
many other necessary information when
subscribers sign up in the network and used to
test the subscriber requests service providers,
network access prevent an unauthorized manner.
 NSS (cont)
 HLR (Home Location Register)
 HLR database is the most important of the GSM
system. In GSM each activity stored data along
with information on all subscribers. The data
stored data can be performed on one or more
HLR.
 HLR data store all information relating to the
provision of telecommunications services,
including the current location of MS.
 HLR usually a separate computer is not able to
switch but have the ability to manage hundreds
of thousands of subscribers. HLR also create the
No. 7 signaling interface with the MSC. More a
function of HLR identifying information is
provided by the AUC (data security on the
legitimacy of the charter).
 NSS (cont)
 VLR (Visitor Location Register)
 VLR is the database the second GSM mobile
network. It is connected to one or more MSC
and duties temporarily stored subscriber data
of subscriber MS is located in the area served
by MSC, respectively, even MS mobility to a
new MSC area.
 VLR associated with the MSC will request
data on MS from the HLR, HLR will also be
informed that the MS is in the MSC does.
Then if MS want to make a call, the VLR will
have all the information needed to establish
a call without HLR again.
 VLR can be considered as a distributed HLR.
VLR contains more precise information about
the location HLR MS in the MSC
 4.Operation and Support
System (OSS)
 NMC (Network Management Center) is
located in the heart of the system,
responsible for providing management
functions for the entire network.
- Monitoring the nodes in the network
- Monitoring the status of parts of the
network
- Monitoring and maintenance center OMC
and exploitation of the region and provide
information to other parts of OMC
 OSS (cont)
 OMC (operation Maintenance Center)
- OMC provides key features to control
and monitor the part of the network
(the BTS, MSC, the database ...). OMC
has the functions:
+ management warning
+incident management,
+quality management
+ configuration management
+ security management
 BSS
 PCU (Packet Control Unit) A
component is integrated into each
BSC to control channels of packet
data GPRS technology, separate data
circuit switched data packet
switching
 SGSN(GPRS)
 SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)
responsible for distribution and
distributed routing data packets
between handsets and MS data
networks outside. SGSN not only
routing data packets between the
mobile MS and the gateway GPRS
support node - GGSN but registration
for the mobile GPRS appear in the
service of it.
 GSM Frequency
 GSM system work in bands 890 - 960MHz.
Band is divided into two parts:
- Operating frequency up (Uplink band): 890-
915 MHz for the radio channel from mobile
station to base transceiver station system.
- Operating frequency down (Downlink band):
935-960 MHz for the radio channel from the
base transceiver station to mobile station
 Band is divided into 124 channels with a
bandwidth of 25MHz. each channel a
separated about 200 Khz. Duplex distance (up
& down the road for a subscription) is 45MHz.
GSM Frequency
 CHANNEL
 - The physical channel is a timeslot in a
dedicated radio frequency to transmit
information in the way of the GSM radio.
Each radio frequency channel is organized
into TDMA frame length of 4.62 ms has 8
time slots (one slot length 577μ s)
 - The logical channel is characterized by
information transmission between the BTS
and MS. The logical channel is placed above
the physical channel. Logical channels can
be divided into two types of channels: traffic
channels (TCH) and control channel signal

interface in GSM network
BTS Um MS

BSC A BTS
bit

MSC A BSC

MSC B VLR

VLR VLR
G

MSC E MSC

MSC F EIR
 FDMA,TDMA,CDMA
 FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access
Concept: FDMA is a multiple access method in
which each subscriber is allocated a frequency
channel and determined that only subscribers
have the right to use this channel during contact.
(Qualcomm, 1997)

 TDMA is an abbreviation of the word "Time

Division Multiple Access" This is a technology
that allows eight mobile device can use a
common channel for conversation, each will use
the eighth time slot to transmit and receive
information.
 CDMA (full article is Code Division Multiple
Access) Means multiple access (multi-user)
divided by code. Different GSM distribution
frequency into the small channel, and share time
he channels for users. While the mobile
subscriber share the same CDMA frequency
common solution. All customers can speak
simultaneously and Signaling broadcast on the
same frequency solution. The subscription
channels are separated by using random code.
Signals from many different subscription will be
encoding with different random codes, are then
mixed and broadcast them on the same
frequency and only solution to recover only in the
subscriber equipment (mobile telephones) with
the corresponding random code
 FAC code of some
countries

 YY (FAC)
06 France
07, 08, 20 Germany
10, 70, 91 Finland TAC FAC SNR CD

18 Singapore
IMEI
19, 40, 41, 44 UK
30 Korea
67 USA
71 Malaysia
80, 81 China
Thank you !