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Gm|yghd~g~d Qgcng~dhg yc|ym Qi{~g|ygc Kgcb~g/

Lghgf qi{|yfkyegc lgc qi{mifkgcbgc mikgcb~ggc Dcljci~dg( ldcgfdmg

{yfy~gcmiqic|dcbgc edlyq&ki{~gfg ld rdhgtge cy~gc|g{g ldyod lgc ldlirg~gmgc

~iogm ldfyhgdctg ~iog{gemikgcb~ggc Dcljci~dg# Qiclirg~ggc mikgcb~ggc dcd

fifycngm mi|dmg kgcb~g dcd fyhgdldogoge lgc ldeglgqmgc qglg qi{kilggc

miqic|dcbgc dlijhjbd

%grgh Gkgl UDU$ gc|g{gHdki{ghd~fi( Cg~djcghd~fi( D~hgfd~fi( ^j~dghd~fi&Dcljci~dg( lgc Mjfycd~fi( tgcb ldgmed{d~ing{g ty{dld~

mi|g|gcibg{ggc

%75 Gby~|y~ 74<9$ licbgc ld|i|gqmgcctg Qgcng~dhg jhie Qgcd|dg

Qi{~dgqgc Mifi{limgc Dcljci~dg %QQMD$ ~ikgbgd Lg~g{ Cibg{g Mi~g|ygc [iqykhdm Dcljci~dg%CM[D$#

Lghgf qi{mifkgcbgc ~ihgcoy|ctg dlijhjbd Qgcng~dhg ldyod ~ifgmdc ki{g|

|i{y|gfg qglg|g|g{gc qici{gqgcctg lghgf miedlyqgc mifg~tg{gmg|gc( mikgcb~ggc( lgc micibg{ggc# Yodgc dcd ki{hgcb~ycb ~iogm ld|i|gqmgcctg ~gfqgd licbgc ~gg| dcd ld i{g {i`j{fg~d# ^ghge ~g|y d~y ~ic|{gh lgc~|{g|ibd~ tgcb fihg|g{kihgmgcbd glgctg qi{bgc|dgc miqifdfqdcgc cg~djcgh ld Dcljci~dg %lg{dJ{li [ipjhy~d @d~dm( J{li

Hgfg( J{li Kg{y( ~gfqgd mi I{g [i`j{fg~d$ glghge ki{mgd|gc licbgc qici{gqgc

Qgcng~dhg#^iogm fycnyhctg m{d~d~ fjci|i{ %7442$ tgcb ki{lgfqgm qglg m{d~d~ cg~djcgh tgcb ki{fyh|dldfic~d lgc ldfyhgdctg I{g [i`j{fg~d %7445$( m{d|dmgc lgc eyog|gc |i{eglgq qici{gqgcQgcng~dhg kibd|y ficbyg|#

M{d~d~ d|y

ld|ycoymmgc licbgc glgctg ki{kgbgd qi{fg~ghgegc

mifg~tg{gmg|gc( mikgcb~ggc( lgc micibg{ggc# Ld gc|g{gctg ~iqi{|d qi{bgc|dgc

miqifdfqdcgccg~djcgh tgcb |dlgm cj{fgh( mi{y~yegc ~j~dgh( qi{dhgmy gcg{md(

lgtgkihd fg~tg{gmg| |i{qy{ym(cj{fg fj{gh kgcb~g ldhgcbbg{( cj{fg eymyf Cibg{g

|dlgm ldqg|yed( cj{fg mikdogmgc qifkgcbycgc ld~dg~g|d( lgc ey|gcb hyg{ cibi{d

fihjcogm |dcbbd# Qi{dhgmy dcd ~ifyg ki{qgcbmgh qglg |g|gmihjhg cibg{g tgcb my{gcb ki{|gcbbycbogrgk licbgc mj{yq~d( mjhy~d( lgc ciqj|d~fi%MMC$ tgcb fi{goghihg ~ikgbgd ryoyl lg{d qici{gqgc Qgcng~dhg tgcb mihd{y# Mg{icgctg( kgctgm mghgcbgc tgcb ficogld ~dcd~ lgc ficbbybg| i`im|dpd|g~ qici{gqgc Qgcng~dhg#Fihdeg| mjcld~d kgcb~g Dcljci~dg ~iqi{|d d|y ldqi{hymgc yqgtg&yqgtg yc|ym ficbg|g~dctg#Tgmcd qi{hy glgcctg ~ikyge mjc~iq tgcb fictg|gmgc ~ing{g fy|hgm |ic|gcb ki|gqg qic|dcbctgmiki{glggc qgcng~dhg lghgf ficngqgd nd|g&nd|g kgcb~g#

K# Hg|g{kihgmgcb Qi{hyctg Gm|yghd~g~d Qgcng~dhg

^ing{g qi{|dfkgcbgc qjhd|dm( Qgcng~dhg qi{hy ldgm|yghd~g~dmgc lghgf

miedlyqgcmifg~tg{gmg|gc( mikgcb~ggc( lgc micibg{ggc ficbdcbg| Qgcng~dhg ~ikgbgd dlijhjbd cg~djcghtgcb fi{yqgmgc pd~d mikgcb~ggc Dcljci~dg %tgcb fifkdcg qi{~g|ygc kgcb~g$ tgcb ldqgclgcb~ikgbgd ~yfki{ lifjm{g~d tgcb kgdm ld fg~g liqgc lgc tgcb hged{ lg{d ~iog{ge mikgcb~ggc Dcljci~dg#Pd~d mikgcb~ggc lgc ~yfki{ lifjm{g~d Dcljci~dg dcd qi{hy ld|i{gqmgc ~ikgbgd cdhgd&cdhgd( q{dc~dq& q{dc~dq( lgc i|dmg yc|ym fihgclg~d lgc ficbgrgh qi{ykgegc qjhd|dm lgc qifi{dc|gegc tgcb~ilgcb |i{ogld lg{d fjlih ~ic|{ghd~|dm %j|j{d|i{ tgcb kd{jm{g|d~ lgc

iuiny|dpi&eigpt

ficyoyfjlih li~ic|{ghd~|dm %lifjm{g~d tgcb fyh|dqg{|gd lgc

hibd~hg|dpi&eigpt

Hg|g{kihgmgcb~iqi{|d d|y ldlj{jcb qyhg jhie {ighd|g qici{gqgc Qgcng~dhg ~ihgfg dcd tgcb ldqi{~iq~d qykhdm ~ikgbgdyc|ym miqic|dcbgc %ghg|$ qicbyg~g( tgcb ld|gc|gcb jhie bhjkghd~g~d dlijhjbd g~dcb %|i{y|gfgHdki{ghd~fi$( tgcb bgbgh lghgf ficbg|g~d qictgmd| mj{yq~d( mjhy~d( lgc ciqj|d~fi %MMC$ ~ikgbgdgmdkg| glgctg ~ghge&y{y~ ficbihjhg cibg{g( ~i{|g tgcb qi{ryoylgc q{gm|im lifjm{g~dctg ki{mjcj|g~d ky{ym#Dcd ~ifyg ~i{dcbmghd ldg{gemgc qglg Qgcng~dhg tgcb ldogldmgc ―mgfkdcbed|gf—&ctg#^ing{g ty{dld~ mi|g|gcibg{ggc( Qgcng~dhg glghge lg~g{&cibg{g CM[D tgcb ld{yfy~mgclghgf %Qifkymggc$ YYL 74<9 lgc tgcb mihged{gcctg ld|ifqg lghgf

q{j~i~ qi{oygcbgcmikgcb~ggc Dcljci~dg ~iedcbbg qi{hy ldqi{|gegcmgc lgc

ldgm|yghd~g~dmgc rghgyqycmjc~|d|y~dctg ki{ykge# Ld ~gfqdcb d|y( Qgcng~dhg qi{hy

fifgtycbd q{j~i~ {i`j{fg~d yc|ym ldg{gemgc qglg ―

{idcpic|dcb gcl {ikydhldcb

—

Dcljci~dg licbgc ki{qibgcbgc qglg qi{yclgcb&yclgcbgc tgcb oybg ki{hgclg~mgc Qgcng~dhg lg~g{ cibg{g# Fihghyd YYL 74<9 ~ikgbgd qgtycb eymyf( Qgcng~dhg qi{hy

ldgm|yghd~g~dmgc gbg{ lghgf q{gm|im ki{lifjm{g~dctg |dlgm miedhgcbgc g{ge lgc

lgqg| fi{ilgf mjc`hdm tgcb |dlgm q{jlym|d` #Ldfic~d qi{|gegcgc lgc migfgcgc fifgclgcb kgerg miki{glggc Qgcng~dhg i{g| mgd|gcctglicbgc ~iog{ge hged{ctg \ic|g{g Cg~djcgh Dcljci~dg %\CD$( ~iedcbbg

qihgm~gcggc Qgcng~dhg ~ing{gfy{cd lgc mjc~imyic fi{yqgmgc hgclg~gc dlddh lgc

mjc~|d|y~djcgh kgbd mi|gegcgc cg~djcgh~i{|g fi{yqgmgc `dh|i{ yc|ym |gc|gcbgc

hdki{ghd~fi&mgqd|ghd~fi ld Dcljci~dg tgcb ~ifgmdcficbyg|# Qgcng~dhg qi{hy

ldgm|yghd~g~dmgc jhie lgc kgbd kgcb~g Dcljci~dg mg{icg kgctgmctglgfqgm cibg|dpi mikdogmgc j|jcjfd lgi{ge %~iqi{|d |dfkyh ibj lgi{ge( q{dfj{ldghd~fi ~ifqd|$~ikgbgd gmdkg| lg{d ~ifqd|ctg qifgegfgc Qgcng~dhg( |i{ogldctg lib{glg~d cdhgd&cdhgd

mimihyg{bggc

lgc |icbbgcb&{g~g ld fg~tg{gmg|( ~i{|g ld~ghgebycgmgc

dfqhific|g~dctg jhie qicbyg~g~iedcbbg hibd|dfg~dctg ~ylge qglg |d|dm cgld{

%gc|dmhdfgm~$#Ldfic~d ~j~dgh imjcjfd fifgclgcb qi{hyctg ldgm|yghd~g~dmgc jhie lgc kgbd kgcb~gDcljci~dg mg{icg Qgcng~dhg ~ikgbgd `gh~g`ge cibg{g tgcb firyoylmgc ~d~|if imjcjfd Qgcng~dhg~i{|g ~ikgbgd ~yfki{ ~d~|if imjcjfd mi{gmtg|gc# Qgclgcbgc dcd ldqi{myg| jhie {ighd|g |ic|gcbmiglggc cibg{g tgcb hgkdh tgcb |ihge ki{lgfqgm qglg

i`im|d`ctg qicbg{ye bhjkghd~g~d |i{eglgq qicbyg|gc ngfqy{|gcbgc g~dcb %kglgc

kglgc dc|i{cg~djcgh$ |i{eglgq qi{imjcjfdgc cg~djcgh#

Kibd|y qyhg ldfic~d mi~ioge|i{ggc {gmtg| tgcb fifgclgcb qi{hyctg

Qgcng~dhgldgm|yghd~g~dmgc jhie lgc kgbd kgcb~g Dcljci~dg mg{icg mifgfqygc

dlijhjbd Qgcng~dhg tgcb ki{~dfi|{d~ licbgc |dcbmg| mi~ioge|i{ggc {gmtg| lgc

milgyhg|gc {gmtg| ~i{|g tgcb qi{hyldgcghd~d~ ~yk~|gc~d dlijhjbdctg qglg ~ibd

jc|jhjbd lgc iqd~|ifjhjbdctg# Ld ~gfqdcb d|yldlj{jcb qyhg jhie {ighd|g |ic|gcb kgcb~g Dcljci~dg tgcb ~ilgcb ficbghgfd m{d~d~&ld{d%limglic~d fj{gh$( m{d~d~

miqi{ngtggc( ficbghgfd bgcbbygc %ld~{yq~d$ |jhi{gc~d( fg~de fifdhdmdmihifgegc `dh~g`g|&dhfdgectg( ~i{|g kihyf fi{g~gmgc |i{qicyedctg eg{gqgc kgcb~g g|gy hifgegm|yghd~g~dctg lghgf y~geg mindh( ficicbge( lgc fdm{j&qili~ggc#

Ldfic~d hdcbmycbgc edlyq fifgclgcb qi{hyctg ldgm|yghd~g~dmgc jhie lgc kgbd kgcb~gDcljci~dg mg{icg Qgcng~dhg ~ikgbgd odrg {gmtg| Dcljci~dg# Yc|ym d|y

fgmg ldqi{hymgc qiljfgcctg yc|ym ficbegtg|d ~dhg&~dhg Qgcng~dhg ~i{|g yc|ym

ficbiogrgc|gemgc Qgcng~dhgtgcb ld~ihg{g~mgc( ld~i{g~dmgc( lgc ld~idfkgcbmgc

licbgc hdcbmycbgc edlyq %^yfki{ LgtgGhgf? ^LG$# Lifdmdgc qyhg egh d|y

ldqi{hymgc yc|ym ficbiog{ qi{|yfkyegc imjcjfd cg~djcgh~i{|g yc|ym fifqi{kgdmd

lgfqgm lg{d im~qhjd|g~d ^LG lgc hdcbmycbgc edlyq |i{y|gfg qglg~im|j{&~im|j{

~|{g|ibd~ctg %miey|gcgc( qi{|gcdgc( lgc qi{|gfkgcbgc$#

Ldfic~d qicldldmgc fifgclgcb Qgcng~dhg qi{hy ldgm|yghd~g~dmgc licbgc

ghg~gc kgerg dg qi{hy ld`gegfd lgc ldegtg|d mifkghd jhie ~ihy{ye mjfqjcic kgcb~g

^ieykycbgc licbgc dcd( gcgm ~ikgbgd eg{gqgc kgcb~g lgc bici{g~d qici{y~ ~ylge

~ieg{y~ctg ficti{gq cdhgd&cdhgd Qgcng~dhg~iogm ldcd licbgc ng{g ldg~ge( ldg~de( lgc ldg~ye# Ld ~gfqdcb d|y lghgf {ighd|g miedlyqgc ~ieg{d&eg{d~ihgfg dcd Qgcng~dhg |ihge ldogldmgc ghg|&qicbyg~g yc|ym fihibd|dfg~d qi{dhgmy tgcb fictdfqgcbtgcb |dlgm ficldldm( ldedhgcbmgcctg Fg|gmyhdge Qicbifkgcbgc Miq{dkgldgc %FMQM$