The Gulf, Integration, and OPEC: Overseas Downstream Activities by John Roberts

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This article examines the trend of OPEC country members investing in overseas downstream activities in the late 1980s. For many countries, this wa... (More) This article examines the trend of OPEC country members investing in overseas downstream activities in the late 1980s. For many countries, this was a way to gain secure guaranteed outlets for their product in the industrialized world. The author presents examples of these investments by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Nigeria, and Venezuela. However, not all OPEC members engaged in this strategy (such as Iran, Libya, and Iraq), thereby dividing the organization into two camps: those with access to secure outlets for their crude and those lacking such outlets. (This paper by John Roberts, “The Gulf, Integration, and OPEC: Overseas Downstream Activities,” was published by Occasional Paper 4. Boulder, Colorado: The International Research Center for Energy and Economic Development, 1988. ISBN 0-918714-14-1). (Less)