Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 −6
1.- a) Qué matrices conmutan coa matriz A= ?
3 1
a b
Determinemos as matrices X = tales que A⋅ X = X ⋅ A
c d
A⋅ X = X ⋅ A
1 −6 a b a b 1 −6
3 1 c d = c d 3 1
a − 6c = a + 3b b = −2c
⇒
a − 6c b − 6d a + 3b −6a + b 3a + c = c + 3d a = d a = d a −2c
= ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ X =
3a + c 3b + d c + 3d −6c + d b − 6d = −6a + b a = d b = −2c c a a ,c∈ℝ
⇒
3b + d = −6c + d b = −2c
1 −4 −3 10
Exemplos : X 1 = , X2 =
2 1 −5 −3
b) A2 = B − 17 I
1 −6 1 −6 −17 −12
A2 = =
3 1 3 1 6 −17
0 −3 x 0 −3 x 1 0 −17 −3 x
B= ; B − 17 I = − 17 =
x 0 x 0 0 1 x −17
−17 −12 −17 −3 x −12 = −3 x → x = 4
A2 = B − 17 I ⇒ = ⇒ ⇒ S .Incompatible. Non ten solución.
6 −17 x −17 6 = x → x = 6
a) 2 X = B + C t ⋅ A − X ⋅ A ⇒ 2 X + X ⋅ A = B + C t ⋅ A ⇒ X ⋅ ( 2 + A) = B + C t ⋅ A ⇒
X ⋅ ( 2 + A) ⋅ ( 2 + A) = ( B + C t ⋅ A ) ⋅ ( 2 + A) ⇒ X = ( B + C t ⋅ A ) ⋅ ( 2 + A )
−1 −1 −1
⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C t ) + A ⋅ X ⇒ X − A ⋅ X = ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C t ) ⇒ ( I − A) ⋅ X = ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C t ) ⇒
1 1 1
b) X =
2 2 2
I − A ) ( I − A ) ⋅ X = ( I − A ) ⋅ ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C t ) ⇒ X = ⋅ ( I − A ) ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C ) (ecuación do exercicio 5)
−1 1
1 − 1
(
−1 t
2 2
I
0 − 1 x − y z 1 1
x y 0
4.- (2´5 p) Sexan : A = 1 1 ; B = ; C = 0 − 3 y 3z ; D = 1 ; E = − 1
1 0 0 0 − z x − 4 y 4z 1 0
Sabendo que ( A ⋅ B + C ) ⋅ D = E
a) Determina un sistema de ecuacións que permita atopar os valores de x,y,z.
b) Expresa o sistema acadado na súa forma matricial.
c) Resolve o sistema polo método de Gauss.
a) ( A⋅ B + C ) ⋅ D = E
0 −1 x −y z 1 1
x y 0
1 1 0 0 −z + 0 − 3 y 3 z ⋅ 1 = −1
2 x 3 x −4 y 4 z 1 0
1 0 3 x 2
0 0 z x −y z 1 1 b) Expresión matricial:
1 −1 2 x 1
x y − z + 0 −3 y 3 z ⋅ 1 = −1
1 −2 2 y = −1
x y 0 x −4 y 4 z 1 0 2 −3 4 z 0
x − y 2 z 1 1 x − y + 2 z 1 x − y + 2 z = 1
x −2 y 2 z ⋅ 1 = −1 ⇒ x − 2 y + 2 z = −1 ⇒ x − 2 y + 2 z = −1 ր
2 x −3 y 4 z 1 0 2 x − 3 y + 4 z 0 2 x − 3 y + 4 z = 0
1 −1 2 1 1 −1 2 1 1 −1 2 1 x − y + 2z = 1 → x = 3 − 2z
c) 1 −2 2 −1
F1
F2 − F1 F2
F3 −2 F1→ 0 −1 0 −2 → 0 −1 0 −2 ⇒ − y = −2 → y = 2 ր
F3 − F2
⇒
2 −3 4 0 0 −1 0 −2 0 0 0 0
x = 3 − 2λ
Hai ∞ solucións:
y=2 Sistema Compatible Indeterminado.
z = λ λ∈ℝ
14 −8 −3 13 −8 −3 1 0 0
* D − B ⋅C t
a) = −14 10 4 − −14 9 4 = 0 1 0 = I
0 2 5 0 2 4 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 −2 1 0 2
* I − A = 0
1 0 − 0 0 −2 = 0 1 2
0 0 1 2 −3 0 −2 3 1
* Inversa de I − A :
1 0 2 1 0 0 F 1 0 2 1 0 0 F 1 0 2 1 00
( I − A) → 0 F12 F12
−1
1 2 0 1 0 → 0 1 2 0 1 0 → 0 1 2 0 1 0
F3 + 2 F1 F3 −3 F2
−2 3 1 0 0 1 0 3 5 2 0 1 0 0 −1 2 −3 1
1 0 0 5 −6 2 1 0 0 5 −6 2 5 −6 2
( ) ⇒ ( I − A)
F3
− F3
1 0 4 −5 2 = I ( I − A )
F2 + 2 F3 −1 −1
→ 0 1 0 4 −5 2 → 0 = 4 −5 2
F1 + 2 F3
0 0 −1 2 −3 1 0 0 1 −2 3 −1 −2 3 −1
5 −6 2 5 2 −3 1 5 2 −3 1
b) X = ⋅ ( I − A ) ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C ) =
1 −1 1
t
4 −5 2 = 2 − 5 2 1 ⇒ X = 2 −5 2 1
2 2 −1 3 2 − 1 2
−2 3 −1 −1 3 2 − 1 2