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SOLUCIÓNS 2ºC ÁLXEBRA - MATRICES 2ª AVALIACIÓN

MATEMÁTICAS 2º BACH CCSS 1º EXAME 22/1/2010

 1 −6 
1.- a) Qué matrices conmutan coa matriz A=  ?
3 1 
a b 
Determinemos as matrices X =  tales que A⋅ X = X ⋅ A
c d 
A⋅ X = X ⋅ A
 1 −6  a b   a b  1 −6 
 3 1  c d  =  c d  3 1 
     
a − 6c = a + 3b  b = −2c 
⇒  

 a − 6c b − 6d   a + 3b −6a + b  3a + c = c + 3d  a = d  a = d   a −2c 
 = ⇒ ⇒  ⇒ X = 
 3a + c 3b + d   c + 3d −6c + d  b − 6d = −6a + b  a = d  b = −2c   c a  a ,c∈ℝ
 ⇒
3b + d = −6c + d  b = −2c 
 
 1 −4   −3 10 
Exemplos : X 1 =  , X2 =  
2 1   −5 −3 
b) A2 = B − 17 I
 1 −6  1 −6   −17 −12 
A2 =   = 
 3 1  3 1   6 −17 
 0 −3 x   0 −3 x   1 0   −17 −3 x 
B=  ; B − 17 I =   − 17  = 
x 0  x 0   0 1   x −17 
 −17 −12   −17 −3 x  −12 = −3 x → x = 4 
A2 = B − 17 I ⇒  = ⇒  ⇒ S .Incompatible. Non ten solución.
 6 −17   x −17  6 = x → x = 6 

2.- a) A3 x 2 ⋅ X ixj = B3 x1 ⋅ C1x 2


      3 −1  −3 
i =2 3x2 ⇒ X 2x2    
A =  0 1  , B =  2  , C = (1 −2 )
X 3 xj
  −3 0  1
j =2    
a b
b) X
2x2 ⇒ Sexa X =  
c d 
 −1 − 2 = −3
2 + 4 = 6
 3 −1  −3   3a − c 3b − d   −3 6  
 c = 2
 −1 3 2 3 
  
A⋅ X = B ⋅C ⇒  0 1  ⋅
a b    
 =  2  ⋅ (1 −2 ) ⇒  c
 
d  =  2 −4  ⇒  ⇒ X = 
 −3 0   c d  1  −3a −3b   1 −2  
d = −4
 2 −4 
      a = −1 3

b = 2 3
3.- Despexa X nas seguintes ecuacións matriciais:

a) 2 X = B + C t ⋅ A − X ⋅ A ⇒ 2 X + X ⋅ A = B + C t ⋅ A ⇒ X ⋅ ( 2 + A) = B + C t ⋅ A ⇒
X ⋅ ( 2 + A) ⋅ ( 2 + A) = ( B + C t ⋅ A ) ⋅ ( 2 + A) ⇒ X = ( B + C t ⋅ A ) ⋅ ( 2 + A )
−1 −1 −1

⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C t ) + A ⋅ X ⇒ X − A ⋅ X = ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C t ) ⇒ ( I − A) ⋅ X = ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C t ) ⇒
1 1 1
b) X =
2 2 2

I − A ) ( I − A ) ⋅ X = ( I − A ) ⋅ ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C t ) ⇒ X = ⋅ ( I − A ) ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C ) (ecuación do exercicio 5)
−1 1
1 − 1
(
−1 t

 2 2
I

 0 − 1 x − y z 1 1
  x y 0       
4.- (2´5 p) Sexan : A =  1 1  ; B =   ; C =  0 − 3 y 3z  ; D = 1 ; E =  − 1
1 0  0 0 − z  x − 4 y 4z  1 0
       
Sabendo que ( A ⋅ B + C ) ⋅ D = E
a) Determina un sistema de ecuacións que permita atopar os valores de x,y,z.
b) Expresa o sistema acadado na súa forma matricial.
c) Resolve o sistema polo método de Gauss.

a) ( A⋅ B + C ) ⋅ D = E
  0 −1   x −y z    1  1 
  x y 0       
 1 1   0 0 −z  +  0 − 3 y 3 z   ⋅ 1 =  −1 
    2 x 3  x −4 y 4 z    1   0 
  1 0 3 x 2      
0 0 z   x −y z    1  1  b) Expresión matricial:
         1 −1 2   x   1 
  x y − z  +  0 −3 y 3 z   ⋅ 1 =  −1     
         1 −2 2   y  =  −1
  x y 0   x −4 y 4 z   1  0   2 −3 4   z   0 
    
 x − y 2 z  1  1   x − y + 2 z   1   x − y + 2 z = 1
          
 x −2 y 2 z  ⋅ 1  =  −1 ⇒  x − 2 y + 2 z  =  −1 ⇒  x − 2 y + 2 z = −1 ր
 2 x −3 y 4 z   1   0   2 x − 3 y + 4 z   0   2 x − 3 y + 4 z = 0
          

 1 −1 2 1   1 −1 2 1   1 −1 2 1   x − y + 2z = 1 → x = 3 − 2z 
c)  1 −2 2 −1 
F1
F2 − F1   F2    
  F3 −2 F1→  0 −1 0 −2   → 0 −1 0 −2  ⇒ − y = −2 → y = 2 ր
F3 − F2 
⇒
 2 −3 4 0   0 −1 0 −2  0 0 0 0   
       
 x = 3 − 2λ 
Hai ∞ solucións:
 y=2  Sistema Compatible Indeterminado.
 
 z = λ  λ∈ℝ

⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C t ) + A ⋅ X , onde as matrices A , B e C veñen dadas por:


1
5.- Considera a ecuación matricial X =
2
 14 −8 −3 
 0 0 −2 
 
 −3 5 
 
 −1 2 
  a) Calcular a matrizD − B ⋅ C t e a inversa da matriz I − A .
A =  0 0 −2  B =  4 −5  C =  1 −1 D =  −14 10 4 
 2 −3 0  4 2 1 0  0 2 5  b) Resolver a ecuación matricial obtendo a matriz X .
      

 14 −8 −3   13 −8 −3   1 0 0 
* D − B ⋅C t      
a) =  −14 10 4  −  −14 9 4  = 0 1 0 = I
 0 2 5   0 2 4   0 0 1 

1 0 0   0 0 −2   1 0 2
* I − A = 0    
1 0  −  0 0 −2  =  0 1 2


0 0 1   2 −3 0   −2 3 1 

* Inversa de I − A :
 1 0 2 1 0 0 F 1 0 2 1 0 0 F 1 0 2 1 00
( I − A) →  0  F12   F12  
−1
1 2 0 1 0   → 0 1 2 0 1 0   → 0 1 2 0 1 0
F3 + 2 F1  F3 −3 F2 
 −2 3 1 0 0 1  0 3 5 2 0 1   0 0 −1 2 −3 1 
  
1 0 0 5 −6 2  1 0 0 5 −6 2   5 −6 2 
( ) ⇒ ( I − A)
F3
  − F3    
1 0 4 −5 2  = I ( I − A )
F2 + 2 F3 −1 −1
→  0 1 0 4 −5 2  →  0 =  4 −5 2 
F1 + 2 F3
0 0 −1 2 −3 1  0 0 1 −2 3 −1  −2 3 −1
   

 5 −6 2   5 2 −3 1   5 2 −3 1 
b) X = ⋅ ( I − A ) ⋅ ( D − B ⋅ C ) =
1 −1 1     
t
4 −5 2  =  2 − 5 2 1  ⇒ X =  2 −5 2 1 
2 2      −1 3 2 − 1 2 
 −2 3 −1  −1 3 2 − 1 2   

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