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‫‪Learning Skills Center‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬

‫‪Arabic Board for Learning Skills‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬

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‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺷﺒﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻡ‪ .‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺩﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﻊ‬


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‫ﺇﱃ ﻡ‪.‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺩﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﻊ‪..‬‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻀﺎء ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ‪..‬‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺸﺮﰲ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪..‬‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﻹﺩﺭﺍﻛﻪ‪..‬‬


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‫‪- 20 -‬‬
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R3‫א‬qJC ،
<k‫ وא‬E$`[*ET[*‫"א‬$*$+[e
‫ א‬.$#Z³'‫وא‬$+ 1
WR2OXE
K<k‫ وא‬.‫و‬MT[*‫"א‬$*$+[e¾#B‫ن‬2?*#B}* +‫'ن‬،‫ ع‬12
E
‫}"א א‬%
 ¦ -
"* 
‫د‬#‫א‬qJC‫و‬،…/%‫ א‬A+2‫@<אم‬1E$1[R3‫وא‬2$%CJ‫א א
א‬R*+…*/B‫א‬$¤‫د
א‬#‫*) א‬+‚<+-
K?*L‫ ع‬122 ‫ن‬2Jz<%+}%‘'DXE } ‫ א‬.$+ 1
T[*‫א‬K#‫`‹א‬8‫ن‬2f ‫ و‬A‫" א‬wGŽk{
‫ א א‬%m2R8.‫وو‬K#‫א‬T‫א‬8 ‫ ط‬83‫@<אمא‬1‫ *" א‬-
Kً #/ ً#/ 
K³2
8E‫ و‬.2[#EK#‫ مא‬-
KO#‫ن‬2‫لدون‬Q2
<3d‫}א‬%‘-
K
‫ د‬8%lQ Y)*+w‫و‬$`8‫
"א‬YX Z'‫א‬2 ‫ن‬2?*#-
KE-n‫ א<و‬%‫ذ‬12 $/1‫א‬E? ‫אא‬JC$E„FK‫؟‬lB ‫א‬-A‫א‬OB <‫[א‬#BUG
Xn‫א‬$7l‫אز‬$+ E$Y‫*)א‬+$[*‫ א‬R\Žk،$A‫א‬T‫_ א و‬³‫אא‬JCM-A‫א‬OB <‫@<مא‬B
)*+
‫و‬a+{‫م‬. 2
<+FG?. ‫} א‬J‫و‬K†‫ و‬k
<+FG† ‫"א‬2 ‫ن‬2}*+‫ن‬BJz<%+‫و‬،$+ ‫א‬
K
<B<+ T‫ א‬X+T[*
<+FG$[*‫ذ}א‬
"3‫אא‬JC<%+$A‫) "א א
א‬k ،8‫ل‬/E‫و‬-z‫א‬+EC n‫„א‬l$*[#‫א‬qJC 
K NHZ N2}B<
@3‫א‬T‫ א‬X#‫لא‬/ N2‫ و‬N2‫*{و*[ƒ … <م‬7 „fJ‫ ً <}א‬XQ$E#‫א‬

<k‫ אא‬X‫א‬$ºM†‫ و‬k$#E 2$B¬ r Z‫ن‬#/B ‫س‬%‫\?א‬#[Z، ƒfJ‫א‬lB ‫< א <مא‬%+CJ†‫و‬
<BKE <3‫] א‬C?\#‫«ن‬ZZ$#B ‫ א א
א‬lT*910˜<#EZ"‫و‬،
DX‫ א‬$+ ‫א‬qJCr1‫و‬
M‹%‫"א‬³2?
‫ א‬.)*+‚<+B}‫<
؛وذ‬k‫ אא‬X‫א‬$ºMًZ k20˜FG3‫אא‬JCM?R‫< א‬.
K
‫*)א א‬+$#‫< }א‬."-E<BB‫ و‬،$E3‫א‬$`8‫א‬
ً‫<א‬E2† # "}2"[A%}‫وذ‬،T‫ א‬X#‫و€†א‬،T[*‫_ن"€†א‬³‫אא‬JCM
DXTE
<+.<9
K‫@<א‬1‫א‬Mً$#‫ًو‬B<ƒB‫אًو‬DN_³‫א‬#P ‫א‬JC‫و‬،‫א دم‬OB <‫א‬M R\1‫
א‬X#‫وא‬2$[*‫א‬-C
‫ن‬2)*+‫<א[ א א<ل‬#‫ א‬Ta+ R\$#B ‫ א א
א‬M$z ‫א‬$[z ‫"א‬-A‫א‬OB <‫ א‬2<X<%+
- 28 -
$Y‫*)א‬+ًz‫א‬+C n‫
א„א‬X#‫وא‬2$[*‫?¡א‬m،$Y‫*) א‬+$A‫و‬Mًk R\‫ن‬2}Y‫*)و‬+$[*‫א‬
T[*$B¬ $RE?R%‘‫س‬%‫\?א‬# ‫ن‬GŽk،‫<ًא‬9ً‫א‬D..‫<ذ}א‬#B‫و‬K
‫<د‬º‫}א‬+ 1Okً‫<א‬9
D.$C³
"‫
ن‬X+‫و‬2$[*¡<%+ /n'‫א‬, E‫< ون‬XB‫ل‬k f2)*+?R%‫و‬،C J‫و‬KZ k"‫ن‬
)%B)k$B¬ ‫*)א‬+ $*>‫א‬3‫< }א‬.-[%‫ن‬2}*+O9B«Zq J‫‹و‬%‫אא‬JC -‫و‬، N2 ‫و‬2†‫ و‬k
+
"
R3‫א‬qJC?*#?B‫ن‬2"‘‫و‬K$Y‫*)א‬+"T[*‫و א‬2$[*‫א‬-8s<%+}%C‫žذ‬#ET[*‫א‬$B¬ }
Kً € } R%ƒ[*¤Zً¤YTB3‫א‬$E#>‫[دאد‬%E_³‫אא‬JCM $A‫א‬TXB <‫א‬
‹%‫א‬T2 .}2"<H‫وא‬2E$E9;‫א‬F‹%‫ذ}א‬$+X/E ‫ن م‬2G}*+O9B«Z،$Y‫*)א‬+‹%‫ א‬R\B<%+
‹%‫א‬$+X/E‫ن م‬2OPŽk ،$#B ‫ א א
א‬3 7Œ‫א‬$ B Q"
‫ذ‬nH$‫א‬$Y‫وא‬KEK[@‫א‬FW`>E
3‫א‬FG‫ ل‬EK#""[<%+}W[BŽ¨ ،e E¦ 3‫אא‬JC‫و‬،$Y‫*)א‬+¡‫و‬2fJ‫א‬
K…E‫א‬3‫א‬RE% 2‫ א'دא א‬Ok،-‫א‬
K-A‫א‬OB <‫א‬G
_³‫אא‬JCM<9B‫و‬،$A‫*)א א
א‬+$*#8‫< } א‬.Ok‫و‬$B%#ET‫ א‬X#‫وא‬T[*‫א‬$#B ‫  א א
א‬i
MًA‫و‬h + ?1ً‫<א‬E2† #"}2‫[ن‬A}‫وذ‬،T‫ א‬X#‫وא‬T[*‫
ن"€†א‬DXTE
<+.
%‫ذ‬1'‫مא‬a)R‫א‬%CK$#3‫
وא‬m;‫א‬GًZA‫@<א‬1‫ א‬MًB<ƒN‘_³‫א‬#P‫א‬JC‫{و‬$‫א‬TXB <‫א‬
K‫א‬Dno‫א‬q‫א‬7Z-n‫א (<و‬
K$B‫[د‬#‫א‬$%X‫\
א‬%‫א‬OB <K2
K$[R3‫א‬G
W-CTXB <‫א‬qJC. TXB <‫<ولא‬9M‫د‬9C[$#B ‫ א א
א‬M$B‫[د‬#‫א‬$%X‫\
א‬%‫א‬TXB < ‫دא‬2
[R%E،-N‫א‬3‫"א‬.2T[*Z R\B‫א'ول‬3‫א‬$*k  KB"+
X+-C‫و‬$B‫[د‬#‫?א‬. ‫\
א‬-
K$ Z2 $Z
K†<Œ‫א‬
‫ع‬Ok‫م‬. 2‫و‬2T[*Z- Z2Y)*+KB‫אز‬KA‫ و‬R\E $B‫[د‬#‫א‬$%X‫\
א‬%‫א‬TXB <
Z"[
TXB <‫ع"א‬%‫אא‬JC،K*[I‫ א‬$E
‫د‬+G}*+OP?m"‫و‬،}$‫א‬$+ ‫א‬w8-C$%#$+ EZOB <‫א‬
WC‫ ز‬E2", <3‫<א‬T‫ א‬R
<+ /B†1
f‫[د‬+E
<k‫
وא‬T[*‫" א‬DX‫<د‬+‫[""א ط‬-$B‫[د‬#‫א‬K#‫א‬$B¬ <
‫د‬B‫ز‬-
KR / "<ET[*‫*)א طא‬+K#‫ א‬X9«EOB <‫אא‬JC‫ م‬BŽk
‫ א א‬%m2T[*‫…א‬/
‫د‬+"‹*@‫א‬-
KT Rˆ ‫א‬T[*‫ א‬J, <3‫*)א‬+O9BŽkW J‫א‬-
KTachistoscope,1‫א‬$% )*+<[#B OB <‫אא‬JC‫و‬K$#/ ‫ א
א‬.OB <K3
K$[R3‫א‬G

‫ א‬.‫ل‬an" $#z‫ א א
א‬/n2"‹*@‫وא‬K#‫א‬T‫< א‬. B/$#B ‫  א א
א‬M$#/ ‫ א
א‬.TXB < ‫دא‬2
‫}و‬$‫א‬$+ EK[*?m$[*E2<Xk‫<
 א‬+)*+‫و‬K#‫א‬#X-9 <ET[*‫ ضא‬+RZ?BT 
., <3‫ א‬$+ 1l‫ م‬a‫א‬
K‫<ًא‬9$C$\ka
}%‘2”k،?x83‫א‬l/ ‫א‬OB <?)[ƒC‫و‬,*1'‫אא‬JRER ‫ א‬. ‫و‬$#/.f2•"}%‘rE‫< א‬9B

‫ א‬.‫د‬#( ،
‫א א‬S+M
DXT‫א‬8. … ƒ"}%[1C‫و‬،OB <‫אא‬JC‫ل‬an" ‫ א‬.<B ‫ ل‬f2 •
- 29 -
{}8<R"‫ ق‬8‫ א‬#1‫وא‬OB <‫א א‬JC‫ل‬an"d‫א‬T 
K†<Œ‫א‬G
$`8‫نא‬2$\kal$#/ ‫ א‬FG %†1?m"‫و‬R ‫ א‬.?-$#/. nE$#/ ‫ א
א‬.TXB <
Z"[
‫\م‬%‫*)א‬+, <3‫א‬$+ 1Ok-#EE R\T[*‫א‬2<X
‫ א‬E <X‫<א‬%+?mT[*f2‫<ون‬E AE R\†1
$‫א‬$+ ‫א‬w8-C$%#$+ E ?B†1T[*‫ א‬Rˆ‫و‬،l9‫و א‬2U.f2‫<ون‬ET[*‫א‬, <3‫א‬K+lX )*+‫و‬
K}
K}B<,#1‫א‬$9 ‫ د‬Xn$*¤12FG-€E  %†1$#/ ‫ א‬R‫<א‬#E
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‫د‬B‫ز‬-
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‫ א א‬%m2f X‫و אא‬T#9‫א‬d‫وא‬T8.‫א‬NW
‫א א‬MK#‫ א‬/n2"‹*@‫א‬-
$‫<א† א‬C'‫ …א‬µL
‫<
א "א א‬z8‫א‬-/#B‫?و‬R8‫
א‬.<BBLK#‫ و א‬#‫א‬T‫< א‬." ‫د
א‬81‫א‬-
K
‫ <د‬T‫א‬d8>‫א‬EOB <‫دא א‬2O*/B‫א‬JC"
‫* א‬
KSub vocalization
‫ א א‬%m2‫א‬TE‫و‬2‫[ع‬3‫…א‬/%‫د
א‬+"‹*@‫א‬-
)*+Xˆ‫و*[وא‬،T‫| א‬amFGEK $8+A$+ E2  †1$X*‫א‬T‫دא‬#‫א‬qJC"‹*@<%+‫و‬
K³2E} ‫ א‬.$+ 1 T‫زאد‬, <‫א‬
Rapid Serial Visual lB ‫א‬-**‫א‬f X‫ ضא‬#‫א‬$% )*+<[#BOB <‫אא‬JC K?R8‫א‬$kOB <K4
KPresentation (RSVP)
K$[R3‫א‬G
$`[*‫א‬M $[*" N2‫*)א ط‬+RXB <‫و‬K#‫א‬T‫< א‬. B/$#B ‫  א א
א‬M?R8‫א‬$kTXB < ‫دא‬2
$kM-9 <ET[*‫ ضא‬+RZ?B T 
‫ א‬.‫ل‬an"$#z‫ א א
א‬/n2"‹*@‫<
وא‬k‫אא‬
K, <3‫ א‬$+ 1l‫ م‬a‫}وא‬$‫א‬$+ EK[*?m$[*E2<X k‫<
 א‬+)*+‫و‬K#‫א‬#X
‫<د‬
K†<Œ‫א‬G
$`8‫نא‬2$\kal$#/ ‫א‬FG  %†1?m"‫و‬R ‫ א‬.?-$#/. nE?R8‫א‬$kTXB <
Z "[
$+ 1Ok‫<د‬$kM-**E R\T[*‫א‬2<X
‫ א‬E <X‫<א‬%+?mT[*f2‫<ون‬E AE R\†1
$‫א‬$+ ‫א‬w8-C$%# $+ E?B†1T[*‫ א‬Rˆ‫و‬KT[*‫א‬, <3‫א‬K+lX‫و‬2)*+‫\م‬%‫*) א‬+, <3‫א‬
.}
K}B<,#1‫א‬$9 ‫ د‬Xn$*¤12FG-€ E %†1$#/ ‫ א‬R‫<א‬#E
WC‫ ز‬E2", <3‫<א‬T‫ א‬R
<+ /B†1TXB <‫ع" א‬%‫אא‬JC
K
<k‫
وא‬T[*‫"א‬DX‫<د‬+‫[""א ط‬-K#‫א‬$B¬ $k
‫د‬B‫ز‬-
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‫ א א‬%m2f X‫و אא‬T#9‫א‬d‫وא‬T8.‫א‬NW
‫א א‬MK#‫ א‬/n2"‹*@‫א‬-
†‫<א‬C'‫ …א‬µL
‫<
א "א א‬z8‫א‬-/#B‫?و‬R8‫
א‬.<BBL،K#‫ و א‬#‫א‬T‫< א‬." ‫د
א‬81‫א‬-
K
‫ <د‬T‫א‬d8>‫א‬EOB <‫دא א‬2O*/B‫א‬JC"
‫* א‬$‫א‬
K(Sub vocalization)
‫ א א‬%m2‫א‬TE‫و‬2‫[ع‬3‫…א‬/%‫د
א‬+"‹*@‫א‬-
)*+Xˆ‫و*[وא‬،T‫| א‬amFGEK $8+A$+ E2 †1 $X*‫א‬T‫دא‬#‫א‬qJC"‹*@<%+‫و‬
K³2E} ‫ א‬.$+ 1T‫ زאد‬, <‫א‬
- 30 -
KOB <‫ א‬%m2T\ka3‫ א‬qJCJn
K
‫ א א‬%m2…/%‫وא‬2}8Y}B ƒ N$#z‫ א א
א‬/n2O%-
. T8.‫وא‬2T#9‫א‬d‫א‬O%‫ و‬R\‫ א‬T[*‫نא‬#X}%+#9‫א‬-
K?R8‫ א‬Xn‫א‬K5
‫ص‬%‫<אً"א‬9 DX‫<د‬+<9BK ‫ א‬.fJ‫‹א‬%‫?"א‬R8‫ س <א א‬$#B ‫  א א
א‬M
‫ _א א‬E?[>
¥
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$E9;‫ א‬s‫ن‬2}% O*/B‫*}א]אلو‬+‫ ض‬#B}‫<ذ‬#E‫و‬،2 .fJ‫‹א‬%*}[RZ<<B<` Xn‫ل א‬n<$> 8‫א‬
K}7‫ ض‬#E  3‫ مא‬B R‫<א‬#E‫و‬KTE9G|am>2"$``‫א‬
K$XB <‫ א‬T*I‫
א‬Z

‫د‬+‫א‬M‫ ل‬B["R[RZ<.?A#E#‫و‬Rk S "$XB <T*9$[*
" N2 ‫…وذ‬X1
K?RZ
‫د‬B‫<ز‬B B"3l1‫و‬2E
8‫ א‬x /%C‫د
و‬ZG

W‫ ط‬%‫א‬qJC‫ل‬an" $XB <‫א‬T*I‫א‬Wh‫و‬2-+‫د‬


K$‫<و‬e$XB < $*920$#B ‫ א א
א‬M<9BG
KZ"B [‫وא‬OB <‫א‬KE…B 8‫א‬%…X1ZT%B [‫و א‬TXB <‫"א‬$+[e"‫ن‬$XB <$*9G
}JE?R"{-N‫ א‬X.OB < ‫دא‬2}%‘2)%#B-**E$X $XB <‫א‬$*I‫א‬n‫ دא‬TXB <‫א‬G
K-€E}‫ د‬E‫ م‬B‫و‬+X‫*}א‬+OPfJ‫ א‬Od‫א‬$Z #3$€}*‘$#B ‫[ א א
א‬Z
F‫א'و‬$*I‫א‬MaN[Z ،
‫<د‬$``>TE9G$X%ET‫و‬º‫د)"א‬2<k-R%‫ن‬2}*+OPTXB <‫" א‬OB <G
K%80$``>TE9G$X%E$‫ و‬50.'‫*)א‬+-R%‫ن‬2OP<k‫?אא‬. ‫א‬$A‫و‬OB <
M$[* 15$+ 1$ZhG?1[$N‫א‬$*I‫א‬FG-€E}* ?B†1F‫ א'و‬$*I‫א‬TXB <"‚ R‫<א‬#EG
K$#B ‫  א א
א‬M$+ ‫د
א‬B-´‫א< جא‬C‫א‬JC‫و‬$‫}א‬+ 1FG$ .<‫א‬
500WX1}+ 1‫«ن‬Z200$+ ET2<E‫«ذאא‬Z،$ .<‫א‬M$[* 300T‫}زאد‬+ 1‫ن‬$*9"B #‚ RG<#EG
K 3‫א‬MRE%[.‫א‬, 7‫א‬Xm2‫א‬JC‫و‬,#1‫د
א‬B‫ز‬l
X‫وא‬Z" /‫د
و א‬BE [†1‫«}ذ}و‬E‫ن‬Z20$*I‫<א‬#ETXB <‫[لא‬1‫ א‬T‫ د‬2‫ذא‬G G
}'
‫?א א‬m
‫ א‬E}‫و>*وذ‬fJ‫א‬3‫א‬XN ‫ن‬2$*[‫א‬T*I‫א‬M‫ق‬a/‫א‬X.}`2،Z"$[*
 K…X/EG)HB ‫א‬JC‫و‬-+‫وא‬E[#$9 ‫د‬FGREÀ*X‫ن‬2<B ‫و‬-+‫وא‬E
R3‫ א‬qJCX‫<א‬.
 K
‫د‬#3‫א‬$*I‫א‬r ZE 8‫א‬FG
‫د‬#‫žא‬#B‫א‬JC‫و‬،<B<9"RB‫<א‬E‫و‬،<B $*9f2)*+OB <‫د
א‬+G"‘G
 K-‫א‬TXB <‫<ولא‬9
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Jn'‫<ولوא‬I‫
א‬+‫ א‬f ‫ و‬A‫<"א‬،$#B ‫
א א
א‬R،R@1 ‫<
و‬B<I‫
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<.‫ز"و‬-+‫ א‬
 KR‫دو‬2‫_و‬z%‫"א‬k2)*+‫*`ل‬،$< 3‫א‬Wz%‫ א‬X+‫א‬K#E
 K n€FGOB <"-z‫א‬#‫وא لא‬2،C‫<א‬kG‫وز‬7EW[B‫و‬،-‫א‬OB <‫א‬FGz *}* ?B2?*#‫א‬l
 K$E*/3‫א‬$X%‫אא‬J‫و‬،T‫و‬º‫<دא‬+‫و‬،$*9MOB <‫?א‬. ‫و‬،T*I‫א‬O ‫<ول‬I‫א‬WhB[
<`$E*/3‫א‬$X%‫א‬،$‫و‬E50FT‫و‬º‫<دא‬+،E4F?. $*I‫א‬ME1F?. OB <‫א‬CK‫م‬. 2$#E 2$A‫و‬OB <WaN[Z
 KE٪80F)‫د‬2

- 31 -
 K$8*{T*9‫ل‬an TXB <‫<د"א‬+<9B‫و‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬

 
- 37 -
 K‫؟‬$B‫[د‬#‫א‬T[*‫א‬OB <E‫م‬.2UK3
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬

 
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬

 
- 38 -
‫‪<#E‬א‪" R‬א ‪ 1$#/‬مא‪$*¤12FG-€E}* %E 3‬א‪)*+}E9G<%+،,#1‬א'‪ 1$*¤1‬مא‪ 3‬‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬

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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬

‫ ‬
‫ ‬

‫‪- 39 -‬‬
‫‪<#E‬א‪" R‬א ‪ 1$#/‬مא‪$*¤12FG-€E}* %E 3‬א‪)*+}E9G<%+ K,#1‬א'‪ 1$*¤1‬مא‪ 3‬‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬

‫ ‬
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬

‫ ‬
‫‪- 40 -‬‬
 K-**‫א  ~א‬OB <K7
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‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬

 
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‫‪- 42 -‬‬
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- 57 -
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- 58 -
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Wl9‫ א‬3‫א‬
1-Author: ADMIN ((ukstudent at gmail dot com)) Published: Wed, 12-Oct-2005
http://www.uk-student.net/modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=74
2-READING TO COMPREHEND AND LEARN - University of Victoria
http://www.coun.uvic.ca/learn/program/hndouts/psq5r.html

- 59 -
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א‬m;‫وא‬،$E3‫* زא‬f E-k‚‫د א‬G$‫
א‬N1‫א‬qJC "+H%B‫و‬K$8*{T‫א‬DmH•3‫א‬

O‫א‬9"OI‫אא‬JC?*#-G$*1‫*? وא‬#E mHRX‫א‬9 ¡#EMR%‫*?و‬#$*[+-‫ دא;د א‚א‬e‫و‬،$¨

KOB <‫א‬-C
‫א א‬
~  ‫א‬T‫א‬³n-G[z‫?دא‬R8‫אא‬JC<%B‫?و‬R8‫א‬Cm‫<א‬#E
‫א א‬$*[+ "[A‫ و‬W~  ‫א‬T‫א‬³n hM ‫ و‬3‫?א‬RZ 2 
K$h3‫א‬

E‫?؛‬R8‫ دא‬7t
‫"א א‬-8B<I‫  ~א‬Z}J‫
و‬³v‫אنא‬2 "‫א א
ن‬$*[+ W ‫ و‬3‫א‬l~  ‫א‬+8 3 
K ‫ و‬3‫א‬l+8B
 G
Z'‫א  ~א‬UˆBS‫«ذא‬Z‚*‫א‬MDg?*#‫*?وא‬#‫نא א
>
"> א‬G W X/‫ و و‬3‫@<אمא‬1‫ א‬
 4 
.R%‫<و‬9 ‫{و‬RZ %
<n\a[+‫ אو‬ZkMRX‫…אא‬z ‫وא‬

W
‫א א‬$[C2Wm
،Rh‫و‬C hkM$;‫ †א‬#3E YX3‫¦" א;ن"אلא‬-RZ،$Z #3‫א‬Oz1‫?و‬C2"³#
$;‫א‬$@‫"א‬BMÀX‫א‬C m2 FG$Zh;E،?C Z2‫"و‬B n´‫ لא‬#E‫لא;ن‬$*1‫?و‬C2ً[z‫\ دא‬1‫و‬
H7*B‫א א
و‬FG‘ n2‫ن‬G‫ א אو‬."DN‫א‬O‫א‬،~ .‫ن‬GKE Wh‫ قوא‬Z‚%C‫و‬،$8*@3‫א‬C‫د‬#EHE
$Ò-H%C"‫و‬K$Z #3‫"א‬+-‫א‬J‫`Žא‬X‫† א‬1‫ א‬$\ka3‫א‬W$[R$mam 2)*+fƒ$#/3‫نא‬2l،RG
.‫ع‬aQ
 ;‫א א
وא‬
‫د‬B‫אزد‬Z}YL‫و‬،?*#‫א‬z1‫?و‬C2"$*1‫وو‬$1 <3‫<و א‬$*[( -C‫و‬،U N‫א‬$*[#F‫א ( 
א'و‬$#/3‫א‬³#‫و‬
. $B X‫א‬$Z #3‫א‬MzŒ‫[א‬%‫א‬$7‫א‬JC‫و‬$‫ز‬a‫א א
א‬T‫ א‬R ?*#FG$9‫א‬
‫אل‬T‫ א‬R,a/‫א‬,GR[( C2"‫ وא‬O‫א‬I‫א‬lMX 3‫א‬9 ‫<אد‬+G"$1 <3‫*)א‬+‫ط‬%3‫ (نא<و א‬2‫و‬
$8*@3‫א‬R% E h‫ א‬+MT*#3‫א‬rz1‫<دو‬#8g‫ن‬2OP‫و‬، 3‫א‬,‫ א‬O™،$8*@3‫א‬T*#3‫*)א‬+
.rz1‫*}א‬KE"
‫ د‬83‫א‬zÁ,‫ˆא‬8k‫א‬l
- 60 -
W‫ ل‬Z,‫א‬U>‫و‬Kk”kI‫"א‬k2<.‫و‬
،$E g‫دא‬aXE$Z #3‫?א‬#‫ و‬،
<k‫א‬$+1w'‫?א‬#‫و‬،$Z ‫وא‬g3‫?א‬#‫و‬،Zd‫
وא‬%‫?א‬#‫ و‬،
<[#‫وא‬w*I‫?א‬#F
KE‫<ًא‬9‫ًو‬k‫`"א‬Y G‫ًو‬Z ^ˆ-k† ^ˆ‫*[ًو‬+ -* +‫و‬,‫ وא‬،B%‫ وא‬B‫?אز‬#‫و‬،n<‫"א‬B ‫?א‬#‫و‬
KK#‫"א‬+ N2† #-#‫א‬#‫وא´ن‬
WK#* -µ ‫א‬Od‫א‬
‫؟‬K#‫… א‬B Q"+%k" Y'‫ א‬U-
:%k"K#E E;‫…א‬B Q"+ Y'‫א‬$B¬ T‫א‬/n
.K#*$Z8‫א‬$1<#‫א‬L$ ‫ل א‬an"-
.$.<‫لא‬an"-
.$k ‫ل א‬an"-
.$B *X‫א‬$1<#‫لא‬an"-
.-z3‫א‬r*v‫لא‬an"-
.$X‫لא‬an "-
.f X‫א‬O#‫لא‬an"-
. E;‫א‬T‫ א‬L‫ل‬an"-
.E•3‫א‬M,+'‫א‬F$@3‫א‬$I#3‫لא‬an"-
WK#‫א‬
.
‫ א‬qJCMZ #3³'‫א‬
×‹ß@
×‹ß@ <3‫א‬R2f2،k" -YRE B‫<א;ن وא‬%+ E;‫א‬$[#-CK#‫א‬
ï
@ mŠbèß@ Kk"S#‫ א‬$B¬ "‫["א;ن‬¥BfJ‫א‬K#*-µ ‫א‬Od‫א‬C،‫ذن‬G
ïàîÜÈnÛa WK#* -µ ‫א‬Od‫א‬
:n‫א<א‬FG‫ ج‬v‫" א‬-‫*)אא‬+T XQ|am"K#‫نא‬
(Sclera): $X*¥‫א‬-
E A‫)¦‹ א‬C‫و‬،K#‫`[)א‬$Z8YDR%‫|و‬aN‫א‬K#‫א‬T XQ"$9 v‫ א‬F‫א'و‬$ X/‫)א‬C‫¡و‬E2R
.#
(Choroid): $[3‫א‬-
"+K#‫א‬$X K7'‫وא‬$z‫א‬Jg‫אدא‬3‫>א‬$11'‫א‬R8ˆ‫وو‬،$X‫א‬KE‫و‬$X*¥‫ א‬KEl )‫وא‬$N‫א‬$ X/‫א‬
.$8ˆ‫א‬qJRE‫ م‬$B‫د‬$+‫و‬2…B Q
(Retina):$X‫א‬-
ƒ‫و‬R*+l.‫ אא‬A‫א‬X Žk‹@‫<א‬%+ E;‫" א‬+$¤3‫א‬-C$X‫א‬،K#‫א‬M
Dn'‫وא‬$NN‫א‬$ X/‫א‬
$# XE)[¥B‫و‬2 (Optic disc) f X‫א صא‬Ml[7‫وא‬$B X‫א‬$X#‫…א'†א‬B Q"+ % $zE RT‫ א‬Y;
K(Optic nerve)f X‫א‬O#‫"א‬B (Photoreceptors) $zhTaX )*+µŽkF [#‫א‬
MK#‫א‬R<@‫
و‬DN$zhTaX )*+ƒ
# $# E"+
X+)C‫( و‬Fovea)
¥%‫ א‬$X‫א‬n‫<א‬E<9B‫و‬
 .
‫ אد‬E;‫א‬$*[+
 

- 61 -
:K#* $3‫ א‬n'‫א א‬9'‫א‬
(Viterous):-99‫?א‬I‫א‬-
.K#*f‫*)א א و‬+”Zµ†8Y-aC?9
(Ciliary body):)E<Œ‫?א‬I‫א‬-
* ‫«ذא‬Z،$B¬ * K#‫א‬$1<+YM?`TaA+"+
X+C‫"א'مو‬-99‫?א‬IE )E<Œ‫?א‬I‫א‬B
)*+ E;‫א‬92"$X‫*)א‬+ A‫א‬dB}JE‫و‬$1<#‫ א‬,<ƒ<BBs ‫ذאא‬G2K#‫א‬,<ƒ BTaA#‫א‬qJC
.K#‫" א‬+?I‫<א‬#EOk
(Eye lens/Crystalline lens):$B *X‫א‬$1<#‫א‬LK#‫א‬$1<+-
?9 /.?5}[E$B *X‫א‬$1<#EًAB2)[‫א‬J‫( و‬Crystallins) R*+…*/¥B$Z8YT%‫ و‬E"K#‫א‬$1<+UH
D‫ و‬3‫`<
א‬$ XQ 20.000", BFG$X T%‫و‬³‫א‬qJC‫و‬KE‫م‬. '‫א‬qJCU*s‫ن‬2"[3‫" א‬%FKgX*
.$£
<[#Z X‫<א‬%+2 (Hyaloid artery). -99‫نא‬B ‫א‬C$1<#‫א‬qJC %E M<+3‫א‬،q›‫و‬K%I‫
نא‬dZ‫ل‬an
(Aqueous and vitreous humors)."$z‫א‬Jg‫אدא‬3‫*)א‬+‫*`ل‬$*$1<#‫א‬
‫ن‬2"[3‫["א‬ZK#‫ א‬%˜‫א‬$9 ‫د‬DgE‫و‬، (Ciliary muscles)$E<Œ‫א‬TaA#‫א‬RZ?`Rz%˜‫א‬$9 ‫ود‬$ K#‫א‬$1<+
.K#‫ א‬U (Accommodation) E)[BC‫و‬%+
<#ETZ)*+<9‫ א‬Y'‫*) א‬+‹@‫ א‬B
.‫א;ن‬R#%B‫א‬$B X‫א‬$1<#‫א‬$8ˆ‫و‬w8)C‫ و‬،$X‫*)א‬+ A‫ א‬C$ ‫א‬l$B *X‫א‬$1<#‫א‬$8ˆ‫وو‬
(Iris):$k ‫א‬-
…A‫و‬2l1)Z?`)‫)א‬CTaA#‫א‬qJC‫ و‬TaA#‫"א‬K+"‫ن‬R2[،K#‫"نא‬+$¤3‫א‬-C
(Pupil).K#‫א‬$.<k?7k
.$`h‫אא‬$B¬ ‫ ?א‬A‫ א‬%m2K#‫א‬$.<k…AR8ˆ‫وو‬$B z‫א<א‬TaA#‫א‬WTaA#‫عא'ول"א‬%‫א‬- 2
 A‫< "א‬.³2‫ل‬n<EW[‫م‬a\‫א‬M$.<‫א‬l1‫א‬$+#‫ א‬TaA#‫א‬-CWTaA#‫"א‬-N‫عא‬%‫א‬-,
.$`h‫אא‬$B¬ ‫ ƒ …א‬-E‫و‬
(Pupil):$.<‫א‬-
$/1‫א‬E‹[¥BRG n‫ א<א‬A‫\?א‬#‫ن‬2FGl9 B‫د‬1'‫א‬R‫و‬،$k ‫א‬U%M<9‫
אدא א‬z‫*}א<א‬-C
.K#‫א‬n‫<دא‬9‫א‬$7'‫א‬
w#%3‫?א‬1E † #¥BK#‫א‬$.<‫وאع‬2f‫ אد‬Ga‫ضא‬X ‫ذ}א‬M?`B‫و‬، n´"z "$.<‫?א‬7kU*i
.K#* n‫ א<א‬A‫<
א‬k?\%92"، (Pupillary reflex)-.<‫א‬
8", BFGlZv‫ א‬A‫وא‬2‫م‬a\‫ א‬M2،?1.5-‫א‬C /.$.<‫…א‬AlQ‫ א‬A‫א‬M
.?
/3‫א‬Ff‫وא א*ز‬f z‫אא<א‬W[CK#z‫א‬K*‫א‬2، n´"z"ًAB2K#‫ א‬$.<kYU*i
$Bg*
< #REX12‫א‬MTZan‫א‬qJC‫و‬،$B `X‫ א‬T%z‫א‬KE
‫د‬9ً‫ <א‬# N'‫لא‬Y'‫وא‬KE…A‫وא‬
T%z‫א‬qJC ""z$B E;‫א‬TX*/3‫א‬FG‫و‬،R1k‫و‬$X‫א‬YFG‫و‬$B X‫ א‬$1<#‫אصא‬ÁrX ‫و‬
.$‫א‬
(Eyebrow):O9‫א‬-
‫و‬2‫ ق‬#‫"א‬$*z‫אد א‬3‫א‬q‫د
א‬+GC$11'‫א‬O9‫א‬$8ˆ‫و‬،K#‫"א‬89‫ق‬Z<9BfJ‫ א‬#‫ذ} א‬CK#‫نא‬X9k
- 62 -
$`h‫وא‬D$Y$B¬ ‫א‬#PLŒ$B ;‫אصא‬v‫א‬K#‫א‬n‫ دא‬3‫א‬DgB‫ن‬2"[3‫"א‬KK#‫"א‬+ً‫<א‬#E /'‫א‬q
.RE
(Cornea):$ ‫א‬-
‫א‬Jg‫…אŒא وא‬B Q"+K7'‫"א‬R9k‫*)א‬+ƒ‫و‬$B‫د‬$+‫و‬2)*+ ƒ$Z8Y)C‫و‬،K#‫א‬$< M<9
$Z g‫وא‬$'‫א‬$Z g‫א‬c‘fJ‫*ل א‬º‫א‬C‫و‬، (Aqueous humour)-z3‫א‬r*v‫"א‬WYd‫…א‬B Q"+ YXE
.$8*v‫א‬
(Anterior chamber):$'‫א‬$Z g‫א‬-
.$k ‫وא‬$ ‫א‬KE‫ אغ‬8‫א‬
(Posterior chamber):$8*v‫ א‬$Z g‫א‬-
.$k ‫ وא‬K#‫א‬$1<+KE‫ אغ‬8‫א‬
(Schlemm canal):?*Y
%.-
"?-z3‫א‬r*v‫?*لא‬l R8ˆ‫אوو‬$B z‫)دא‬C‫و‬،$'‫א‬$Z g‫א‬M$k ‫وא‬$ ‫א‬KE$B‫ אאو‬Ml ‫
א‬% ‫א‬
.‫ א<م‬eM‫ن‬B ‫ل א‬an"?I‫א‬FG1 G‫و‬$8*v‫א‬$Z g‫א‬
(Intraocular pressure):K#‫א‬rgh-
‫و‬2،K#ETER‫א ƒ<|"א‬TE‫ א‬/h‫¡א‬#EOXErgA‫אא‬JCl8 B‫ن‬2"[3‫و"א‬،K#‫א‬n‫دא‬z‫ א‬rghC
. $B‫<א'دو‬k'—9‫ ض‬#‫و‬2$m‫אو א‬#
(Aqueous humour):-z3‫א‬r*v‫א‬-
‫«ذא‬ZK#‫א‬rgh "+‫ل‬¤3‫א‬C‫*ل‬º‫אא‬JC‫و‬،?*Y
%.…B Q"+[RdB‫و‬$8*v‫وא‬$'‫ א‬$Z g‫א‬c‘fJ‫*لא‬º‫א‬C
.E*I‫א‬F‫ א'ز ق‬3‫ًא‬XXK#‫א‬rgh‫ع‬8 ‫א‬FG‫]د‬Bl[‫و‬R%‫ ج‬iS
(Conjunctiva):$[`*3‫א‬
n‫"א<א‬K#‫א‬U/* R8ˆ‫وو‬Kn‫ن"א<א‬8I‫"א‬/XB‫و‬،EK#‫א‬M¡E'‫ א‬I‫א‬F$X*¥‫)א‬/gB fJ‫ א‬g‫א‬C$[`*3‫א‬
$#<‫<
א‬g‫…א‬B Q"+‫ ز‬8¥‫"א‬.2T[E‫ ن‬C‫ ز‬8‫نא<عא‬2"? ‫*)א‬+‫ אز{طودع‬Z«E
(Lacrimal gland).
(Orbit):K#‫ א‬7-
K#* $B[‫ <مא‬B‫ن‬3‫אא‬JC‫?و‬K#‫ א‬7??1E† #¥B-[7[I‫א‬UB7‫ "א‬9 n‫دא‬K#‫ א‬T.*@3‫א‬lM
. A‫א‬RE…`*B‫ن‬2‫و‬2$E>¯‫ ض‬#)k
(Eyelid):"8I‫א‬-
‫ل‬an"K#‫א‬U\%‫†و‬8I‫א‬l%-C‫ن‬8I‫א‬qJŒ$11'‫ א‬$8ˆ‫א‬K‫ن‬89?RB<T‫ وאא‬X‫"א‬$‫א‬T%z‫א‬
.‫™?א;ن‬-+%3‫ز א‬RI‫א‬Uzˆ‫ "و‬7$BDE‫<و‬+$B2 ‫*)אد‬+ƒ‫وא‬K#‫ א‬M‫ א<ع‬
$B¬ ‫*)א‬+?C<+BfJ‫א‬،-zA‫א א‬92"K+M<9B EfmFٍ‫ن‬m"89RB<$z3‫א‬T‫ً"אא‬A#E
K#‫<دא‬RB -Yf2q -z *#Z‫ د‬EO7R*"BS‫ن‬GT%z‫\?א‬#K‫[ق‬+'‫)א‬Z‫ و‬3‫א‬W/1 ‫ق‬ZxhE
‫و‬2L‫"و‬8IEK#‫א‬$/gYM$E71‫א‬qJC‫ون‬،ElQ1 AER¤98‫و‬2K#‫א‬q‫א‬M -Yf2‚ ƒNF
.Kk8 UKZ QK%#E \%‫א‬$NN‫א‬$*1‫وא‬2KK<B<R‫" < א‬+K#‫دא‬#EG
(Eyelash):K#‫א‬ª -
‫ אزא<ع‬ZG ?Çm"‫و‬K#‫א‬M_ROXB ‫ودوא‬2،BDE" ‫א‬1Œ$ .<‫א‬T[I‫ل א‬n‫"د‬K#‫א شƒ[)א‬

- 63 -
.$`h‫وא‬$B¬ ‫<من‬+‫و‬
(Collagen):K9‫א‬-
-G$X"٪40$X%E‫( ون‬Connective tissues). $A‫א‬$7'‫א‬M-11'‫א‬K‫و‬³‫א‬-CK9‫د
א‬
.$ D
‫)د‬C‫و‬T‘;‫" א‬+R8ˆ‫و‬U*s‫و‬،K‫و‬³‫א‬T

‫ند‬2[،‫ن‬%1'‫\موא‬#‫א‬O M،$/E '‫وא‬UB Ag‫א‬O  Mn<W
‫<د‬#3‫א‬K9‫د
א‬Uzˆ‫"و‬
$ ‫?א‬I‫א‬$7' -z[‫سא‬1'‫א‬¥B-8K‫ و‬E)C‫و‬FK ‫د
א‬l<9‫א‬E"+$¤ K9‫א‬
Ok‫<א‬+7‫א‬FG‫]د‬B
‫د‬3‫א‬qJC‫ل‬a`[h‫א‬K.‫א‬w8 M‫*<و و‬I‫
א‬."+E Z‫ وא ونوאא‬Zˆ'
."‫ א‬M‫א <م‬
M$ ‫وא‬K#‫א‬$1<+M
‫د‬3‫א‬qJC<9‫وא‬،$7'‫› א‬MًCً‫دو א‬O#*[$B<‫א‬$+‫א'و‬K9‫ د
א‬
¡¨" ‫ Œ"א‬z‫<א‬X‫ א‬Rˆ? ‫*)א‬+q8‫<א‬Y"$*[7‫א‬Tk‫ א‬I‫א‬MK9‫@<م د
א‬Kf *EY
(Hyaluronic acid).}‫אŒ و‬
(Macula/Macula lutea):$* ^3‫א‬-
ƒ‫و‬،?1.5-‫א‬kFGC /.B،‫א;ن‬K+M$X‫"  א‬, E‫א‬$B‫و‬AE ‫ א‬8>$# E$* ^3‫א‬

Dg‫א‬$# X‫( *}א‬Fovea)
%‫<א‬9‫א‬C ", E (ganglion cells). $X#‫א‬Bav‫ "א‬N2 ‫و‬2K XQ)*+
.$B 3‫א‬$B¬ ‫"א‬+$¤3‫وא‬K#‫א‬M (Cone cells) $Q‫@ و‬3‫א‬Ba@* ³2)*+ƒ‫א‬
‫ن‬B$* [*‫[ אد‬A‫"א‬$‫ א‬/‫و‬Kً `h‫نوא‬BfJ‫وא‬$B 3‫א‬$B¬ ‫א‬M< Z%+OXB $* 3E|<µU*f2
  (Macular degeneration).?1E† #¥B‫و‬$Bg*ً‫א‬D/nًh 
(Lacrimal apparatus):K#E)#<‫\مא‬%‫א‬
)*+$#‫د‬T‫א‬%.³+‫א<ع‬O‫و‬K#‫ א‬7-9 v‫ א‬-'‫א‬f*#‫ א‬I‫א‬Ml  (Lacrimal gland) $#<‫<
א‬g‫א‬
w‫א‬FG?m (Lacrimal canaliculi) $#<‫א‬T%^ ‫א‬FG$*n‫א<א‬K#‫א‬$B‫زאو‬FG‫  א<ع‬%?m،K#‫א‬$[`*
 $8'‫א‬$#<‫
א‬% ‫א‬FG %?mKU'‫א‬UB7
<k‫<مولא<ع 
وא‬+"+‫ل‬¤3‫( وא‬Lacrimal sac) -#<‫א‬
 KU'‫א‬UBM‫א<ع‬O (Naso lacrimal duct)
‫ ؟‬N2$`h
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X.$QgA3‫א‬$1‫ א< א‬F /A)k$1‫א< א‬$/B v‫א‬l9‫ً א‬B ‫دو‬،R%"[‫و‬T*#3‫} א‬B<l[7<%+
.‫א`ن‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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KSQ4R$ B Q
KRelate$[*‫د אج‬Gqa+2G Y23$ZhG%%‘
$@Y Z2l E1 ‫ א‬.¦KErE B-+E E
‫ א א‬$*[+[rE ‫א‬$[*FGC% ‫وא‬
KErE ‫ن‬2%%‘, f'% ‫ א‬. %mHZKKK$ E1T#/، Z2،T*#‫ل‬an"~  ‫א‬RZ #B T*#‫و‬
 KX."R*›$@YT*#KE‫א´نو‬q2 
W$\ka
Des études ont montré que cette méthode permet d'accroître la capacité d'attention et de rétention. Le survol
et le questionnement augmentent la rapidité de lecture de 25%. Noter, réciter et réviser permettent de retenir
80% de l'information, ce pourcentage n'étant que de 14% environ lorsqu'on n'utilise pas une telle technique.
 
 W$d‫א‬
$+ 1"<BB‫א¬ل‬2<X‫ن‬2K”8‫وא‬$\ka3‫*)א‬+
< ‫א‬$8+AtW[$ B /‫א‬qJC‫ن‬2)*+%C ET1‫‚د א‬%C
Mr Z٪14‫وز‬7B‫<ل‬#3‫א א‬JC،$z3E80,  B”8k‫<ل‬#tR#W[،l9‫و א‬،‫ دد‬،”kK$z3E 25‫<ل‬#t
‫א א‬
K$% ‫Œא‬%‫@<א‬1‫<مא‬+$k
 Wl9‫ א‬3‫א‬
, #‫…א‬Z‫א‬$XY1-
2 .‫<א‬%2-
3- Adapted from: Robinson, Francis Pleasant, (1961, 1970) Effective study (4th ed.), Harper & Row, New
York, NY.
4-SQ4R Reading Method
5- 4 Gauthier, L. et Poulin, N. (1985), Savoir apprendre, p. 174.

- 70 -
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.‫س‬5C@‫א‬

1............‫א‬
2............"#$#

4............‫'א&ول‬$‫א‬
7............‫*א سא&ول‬
18............./-0‫*א سא‬
27............E-0‫*א سא‬
34............ ‫א‬5‫*א سא‬

42............./-0‫'א‬$‫א‬
43............‫א&ول‬EF1‫*א‬
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56............./-0‫א‬EF1‫*א‬
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58............E-0‫א‬EF1‫*א‬
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- 81 -

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