NAVALPOSTGRADUATESCHOOL
MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA
THESIS
POLITICAL EXCLUSION AND VIOLENCE:THE ISLAMIST MOVEMENT IN EGYPT
byPaul Gallaher September 2004Thesis Advisor: Anne Marie BaylounySecond Reader: Vali Nasr
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY
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2. REPORT DATE
September 2004
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
Master’s Thesis
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
:
Political Exclusion and Violence: The Islamist movement in Egypt
6. AUTHOR(S)5. FUNDING NUMBERS7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
Naval Postgraduate SchoolMonterey, CA 93943-5000
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9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
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11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.
12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
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13.
ABSTRACT
(maximum 200 words)
Since the early 20
th
century, persons across the Muslim world have attempted to move their society toward a more religious Islamic path. They have attempted to form political parties and participate in elections, only to be marginalized and repressed. Some have reacted violently, carryingout attacks against government officials and other targets. Typically a cycle of violence, repression and political exclusion transpires. Democratic reform is not uncomplicated. Both practical considerationsand moral ones demand changes in the policies of both the United States and Egypt. The Egyptiangovernment’s electoral engineering and interference does not go unnoticed by the world and underminesthe legitimacy of the government to its own citizens and the world community alike. Co-optingmoderate Islamists may seem threatening to President Mubarak as well as to Western countries, whose public continues to embrace Orientalist ideas. This study maintains that when moderate Islamists areallowed to participate in politics, they will restrain their stances regarding strict interpretations of Islam,as have the New Islamists in Egypt. The alternative is the status quo, which aside from being immoral interms of personal liberty is also not workable for those desiring stability in the Middle East.
15. NUMBER OFPAGES
121
14. SUBJECT TERMS
Islamism, Egypt, Muslim Brotherhood,
Gemaa
, Sadat, Farouk, Nasser,Mubarak, Jihad, Elections, Political participation, Islamic Fundamentalism, Colonialism, Islam,Reform, Domestic, Politics, United States, Israel, Arab, Repression, Political Violence, Assassination,Terrorism, Palestinian, International
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17. SECURITYCLASSIFICATION OFREPORT
Unclassified
18. SECURITYCLASSIFICATION OF THISPAGE
Unclassified
19. SECURITYCLASSIFICATION OFABSTRACT
Unclassified
20. LIMITATIONOF ABSTRACT
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